- det engelska alfabetet

. A a — uttalas som: ay — /eɪ/ — bokstaven A joesma «ij» tkrjbana såsom bdaja klma «aj».

. B b — uttalas som: bee — /b/ — bokstaven B joesma «bie» och ljudet är /b/ såsom: book.

. C c — uttalas som: cee — /k/, /s/ — bokstaven C joesma «sj». kan ha ljudet /k/ såsom: cat aw /s/ såsom: city.

. D d — uttalas som: dee — /d/ — bokstaven D joesma «dj» och ljudet är /d/ såsom: dog.

. E e — uttalas som: ee — /iː/ — bokstaven E joesma «ij» såsom alswt klma see.

. F f — uttalas som: ef — /f/ — bokstaven F joesma «if» och ljudet är /f/ såsom: fish.

. G g — uttalas som: gee — /ɡ/, /dʒ/ — bokstaven G joesma «djj». kan ha ljudet /ɡ/ såsom: go aw /dʒ/ såsom: giant.

. H h — uttalas som: aitch — /h/ — bokstaven H joesma «ijtsj» och ljudet är /h/ såsom: house.

. I i — uttalas som: eye — /aɪ/ — bokstaven I joesma «ai» såsom klma eye.

. J j — uttalas som: jay — /dʒ/ — bokstaven J joesma «djaj» och ljudet är /dʒ/ såsom: job.

. K k — uttalas som: kay — /k/ — bokstaven K joesma «kaj» och ljudet är /k/ såsom: key.

. L l — uttalas som: el — /l/ — bokstaven L joesma «il» och ljudet är /l/ såsom: love.

. M m — uttalas som: em — /m/ — bokstaven M joesma «im» och ljudet är /m/ såsom: man.

. N n — uttalas som: en — /n/ — bokstaven N joesma «in» och ljudet är /n/ såsom: name.

. O o — uttalas som: oh — /oʊ/ — bokstaven O joesma «aw» och ljudet är /oʊ/ såsom: go.

. P p — uttalas som: pee — /p/ — bokstaven P joesma «bie» och ljudet är /p/ såsom: pen.

. Q q — uttalas som: cue — /k/ — bokstaven Q joesma «kjw» wghalbana jatj mah bokstaven U såsom: queen.

. R r — uttalas som: ar — /r/ — bokstaven R joesma «ar» och ljudet är /r/ såsom: red.

. S s — uttalas som: ess — /s/, /z/ — bokstaven S joesma «is». kan ha ljudet /s/ såsom: sun aw /z/ såsom: rose.

. T t — uttalas som: tee — /t/ — bokstaven T joesma «tj» och ljudet är /t/ såsom: ten.

. U u — uttalas som: u — /juː/, /ʌ/ — bokstaven U joesma «joe» /juː/ wjmkn an jsåsom /ʌ/ såsom: cup.

. V v — uttalas som: vee — /v/ — bokstaven V joesma «» och ljudet är /v/ såsom: very.

. W w — uttalas som: double-u — /w/ — bokstaven W joesma «dabl-joe» och ljudet är /w/ såsom: water.

. X x — uttalas som: ex — /ks/ — bokstaven X joesma «iks» wghalbana jkwn swth /ks/ såsom: box.

. Y y — uttalas som: why — /j/, /ɪ/, /aɪ/ — bokstaven Y joesma «waj». kan ha ljudet /j/ såsom: yes aw /ɪ/ såsom: happy aw /aɪ/ såsom: my.

. Z z — uttalas som: zee* — /z/ — bokstaven Z joesma «zj» Engels alamrjkja. wfj Engels albrjtanja joesma ghalbana «zed» (zid). swth /z/ såsom: zoo.

2- ordföljd (WORD ORDER)

1 grundläggande mening subjekt + verb subdzjekt + wurb I sleep. ai sli Jag sover.

2 direkt objekt subjekt + verb + direkt objekt subdzjekt + wurb + dairikt ubject I read a book. ai ried uh boek Jag läser en bok.

3 indirekt objekt subjekt + verb + indirekt objekt + direkt objekt subdzjekt + wurb + indairikt ubject + dairikt ubject I give him a book. ai giv him uh boek Jag ger honom en bok.

4 förmånstagare subjekt + verb + direkt objekt + for + person subdzjekt + wurb + dairikt ubject + foor + pursun I buy a book for him. ai bai uh boek foor him Jag köper en bok åt honom.

5 indirekt objekt med pronomen subjekt + verb + indirekt objekt med pronomen + direkt objekt subdzjekt + wurb + indairikt ubject proonaun + dairikt ubject I give her a book. ai giv hur uh boek Jag ger henne en bok.

6 adjektiv subjekt + be + adjektiv subdzjekt + bie + edzjektief The book is big. dha boek iz big Boken är stor.

7 adverb subjekt + verb + adverb subdzjekt + wurb + edwurb He reads quickly. hie riedz kwiklie Han läser snabbt.

8 direkt objekt + adverb subjekt + verb + direkt objekt + adverb subdzjekt + wurb + dairikt ubject + edwurb I read a book quickly. ai ried uh boek kwiklie Jag läser en bok snabbt.

9 tidsadverb subjekt + verb + tidsadverb subdzjekt + wurb + tajm edwurb I work today. ai wirk tadaj Jag arbetar idag.

10 platsadverb subjekt + verb + platsadverb subdzjekt + wurb + bljs edwurb She lives there. shie livz dhjr Hon bor där.

11 prepositionsfras subjekt + be + prepositionsfras subdzjekt + bie + pripazisjanal frjz The book is on the table. dha boek iz awn dha tjboel Boken ligger på bordet.

12 direkt objekt + plats subjekt + verb + direkt objekt + platsfras subdzjekt + wurb + dairikt ubject + pljs prjz I put a book on the table. ai poet uh boek awn dha tjboel Jag lägger en bok på bordet.

13 bestämare + substantiv bestämare + substantiv ditirminar + nawn This book is new. dhis boek iz njw Den här boken är ny.

14 bestämare + adjektiv + substantiv bestämare + adjektiv + substantiv ditirminar + edzjektief + nawn This big book is new. dhis big boek iz njw Den här stora boken är ny.

15 talord + substantiv telwoord + zelfstandig naamwoord njoemiral + nawn Two books are new. tw boeks ar njw Två böcker är nya.

16 samordning subjekt + verb + and + subjekt + verb subdzjekt + wurb + aand + subdzjekt + wurb I read and he writes. ai ried aand hie rajts Jag läser och han skriver.

17 samordning med objekt subjekt + verb + direkt objekt + and + subjekt + verb + direkt objekt subdzjekt + wurb + dairikt ubject + aand + subdzjekt + wurb + dairikt ubject I read a book and he writes a letter. ai ried uh boek aand hie rajts uh litar Jag läser en bok och han skriver ett brev.

18 passiv form i presens subjekt + be + altsrjf althalth subdzjekt + bie + wie thrj The book is read. dha boek iz rid Boken läses.

19 passiv form + agent subjekt + be + altsrjf althalth + by + subjekt alhkjkj subdzjekt + bie + wie thrj + bai + ijdjint The book is read by the teacher. dha boek iz rid bai dha tjtsjar Boken läses av läraren.

20 passiv form + indirekt objekt subjekt + be + altsrjf althalth + to + indirekt objekt subdzjekt + bie + wie thrj + tw + indairikt ubject The book is given to him. dha boek iz givin tw him Boken ges till honom.

21 passiv form + indirekt objekt + agent subjekt + be + altsrjf althalth + to + indirekt objekt + by + subjekt alhkjkj subdzjekt + bie + wie thrj + tw + indairikt ubject + bai + ijdjint The book is given to him by the teacher. dha boek iz givin tw him bai dha tjtsjar joeata het boek lh bwasta leraar.

22 passiv form + adverb subjekt + be + altsrjf althalth + adverb subdzjekt + bie + wie thrj + edwurb The book is read now. dha boek iz rid naw Boken läses nu.

23 passiv form + plats subjekt + be + altsrjf althalth + platsfras subdzjekt + bie + wie thrj + lwkjsjan The book is put on the table. dha boek iz poet awn dha tjboel jwda Boken ligger på bordet.

24 passiv form + agent + tidsbestämning subjekt + be + altsrjf althalth + by + subjekt alhkjkj + tidsadverb subdzjekt + bie + wie thrj + bai + ijdjint + tajm edwurb The book is read by the teacher today. dha boek iz rid bai dha tjtsjar tadaj joekra Boken läses av läraren idag.

25 passiv form + indirekt objekt + agent + tidsbestämning subjekt + be + altsrjf althalth + to + indirekt objekt + by + subjekt alhkjkj + tidsadverb subdzjekt + bie + wie thrj + tw + indairikt ubject + bai + ijdjint + tajm edwurb The book is given to the student by the teacher today. dha boek iz givin tw dha stjwdant bai dha tjtsjar tadaj joeata het boek lltalb bwasta leraar vandaag.

26 presens perfekt i passiv form subjekt + has/have been + altsrjf althalth subdzjekt + haz/hav bijn + wie thrj The book has been read. dha boek haz bijn rid Boken har lästs.

27 perfekt passiv + agent subjekt + has/have been + altsrjf althalth + by + subjekt alhkjkj subdzjekt + haz/hav bijn + wie thrj + bai + ijdjint The book has been read by the teacher. dha boek haz bijn rid bai dha tjtsjar lkd tmt kraaa het boek bwasta leraar.

28 framtida passiv form subjekt + will be + altsrjf althalth + subdzjekt + wil bie + wie thrj + tajm The book will be read tomorrow. dha boek wil bie rid toemwrw Boken kommer att läsas imorgon.

29 framtida passiv form + agent subjekt + will be + altsrjf althalth + by + subjekt alhkjkj + subdzjekt + wil bie + wie thrj + bai + ijdjint + tajm The book will be read by the teacher tomorrow. dha boek wil bie rid bai dha tjtsjar toemwrw sjoekra Boken kommer att läsas av läraren imorgon.

30 passiv form med ett modalt verb subjekt + modalt verb + be + altsrjf althalth subdzjekt + moodal wurb + bie + wie thrj The book must be read. dha boek mast bie rid jdjb an Boken måste läsas.

31 negation subjekt + hjälpverb + not + verb subdzjekt + auksiljeri wurb + noet + wurb I do not read a book. ai dw noet ried uh boek Jag läser inte en bok.

32 negation av passiv form subjekt + be + not + altsrjf althalth + by + subjekt alhkjkj subdzjekt + bie + noet + wie thrj + bai + ijdjint The book is not read by the teacher. dha boek iz noet rid bai dha tjtsjar Boken läses inte av läraren.

33 ja/nej-fråga hjälpverb + subjekt + verb auksiljeri wurb + subdzjekt + virb Do you read a book? dw joe ried uh boek Läser du en bok?

34 fråga i passiv form be + subjekt + altsrjf althalth bie + subdzjekt + wie thrj Is the book being read? iz dha boek bjjngh rid hl ttm kraaa het boek

35 fråga efter subjektet who + verb + direkt objekt hw + wurb + dairikt ubject Who reads the book? hw riedz dha boek Vem läser boken?

36 fråga efter indirekt objekt who/whom + hjälpverb + subjekt + verb + direkt objekt + to hw/hwm + auksiljeri wurb + subdzjekt + wurb + dairikt ubject + tw Who do you give the book to? hw dw joe giv dha boek tw Vem ger du boken till?

37 imperativ verb + ...! wurb + ...! Read! ried! Läs!

38 imperativ + indirekt objekt verb + direkt objekt + to + indirekt objekt! wurb + dairikt ubject + tw + indairikt ubject! Give the book to him! giv dha boek tw him! Ge boken till honom!

39 passiv imperativ let + direkt objekt + be + altsrjf althalth! lit + dairikt ubject + bie + wie thrj! Let the book be read! lit dha boek bie rid! Låt boken läsas!

40 infinitiv to + verb tw + wurb to read tw ried läsa / att läsa

41 infinitiv + direkt objekt to + verb + direkt objekt tw + wurb + dairikt ubject to read a book tw ried uh boek läsa en bok

42 infinitiv + bestämt direkt objekt to + verb + direkt objekt bestämare tw + wurb + sbjsifik dairikt ubject to read the book tw ried dha boek läsa boken

43 syfte subjekt + verb + to + verb subdzjekt + wurb + tw + wurb I eat to play. ai ijt tw blaj Jag äter för att leka.

44 relativ bisats substantiv + adaa alwsl + sats nawn + rilativ wird + klwz The book that I read is interesting. dha boek dhet ai ried iz intaristingh Boken som jag läser är intressant.

45 relativ bisats i passiv form substantiv + adaa alwsl + almbnj llmdjhwl nawn + rilativ wird + vwjs The book that is being read by the teacher is interesting. dha boek dhet iz bjjngh rid bai dha tjtsjar iz intaristingh het boek aldhj ttm kraath bwasta leraar mmta.

46 villkor if + sats subjekt + verb iif + klwz subdzjekt + wurb If I have time, I read. iif ai hav tajm ai ried Om jag har tid, läser jag.

47 villkor + passiv form if + subjekt + be + altsrjf althalth subjekt + verb iif + subdzjekt + bie + wie thrj subdzjekt + wurb If the book is read, he learns. iif dha boek iz rid hie lirnz idha koerj het boek finh jtalm.

48 indirekt tal subjekt + verb + that + subjekt + verb subdzjekt + wurb + dhet + subdzjekt + wurb He said that he was reading. hie sid dhet hie woez rjdingh Han sa att han läste.

49 indirekt fråga subjekt + verb + if/whether + subjekt + verb subdzjekt + wurb + iif/widhar + subdzjekt + wurb He asked if I was reading. hie aaskt iif ai woez rjdingh Han frågade om jag läste.

50 indirekt uppmaning eller begäran subjekt + verb + + to + verb subdzjekt + wurb + ubdzjekt + tw + wurb He asked me to read. hie aaskt mie tw ried Han bad mig att läsa.

Adverb:

1 Sätt (Manner): Ett sättsadverb kommer efter verbet eller objektet. Subjekt + verb + objekt + adverb. I read the book quickly. — Ai ried de boek kwiekli. — Jag läser boken snabbt.

2 Plats (Place): Ett platsadverb kommer efter verbet eller objektet. Subjekt + verb + objekt + plats. I read the book at home. — Ai ried de boek et hoom. — Jag läser boken hemma.

3 Tid (Time): Ett tidsadverb kommer vanligtvis i slutet eller början av meningen. Subjekt + verb + objekt + tid. I read the book yesterday. — Ai ried de boek jesturdee. — Jag läste boken igår.

4 Frekvens (Frequency): Ett frekvensadverb kommer vanligtvis före huvudverbet. Subjekt + frekvensadverb + verb. I often read books. — Ai ofen ried boeks. — Jag läser ofta böcker.

5 Frekvens + be (Frequency + be): Frekvensadverbet kommer efter verbet be. Subjekt + be-verb + frekvensadverb. He is always happy. — Hie iz olweez heppie. — Han är alltid glad.

6 Frekvens + hjälpverb (Frequency + auxiliary): Frekvensadverbet kommer efter det första hjälpverbet. Subjekt + hjälpverb + frekvensadverb + verb. I have never seen it. — Ai hev never zien it. — Jag har aldrig sett det.

7 Grad (Degree): Ett gradadverb kommer före adjektivet eller adverbet som det beskriver. Subjekt + gradadverb + adjektiv / adverb. It is very good. — It iz verrie goed. — Det är väldigt bra.

8 Grad + verb (Degree + verb): Beroende på vilket adverb som används kan ett gradadverb komma före eller efter verbet. Subjekt + verb + adverb. I really like it. — Ai rielie laik it. — Jag tycker verkligen om det.

9 Satsadverb (Sentence adverb): Det kan komma i början, mitten eller slutet av meningen och uttrycker talarens inställning till hela meningen. Adverb + mening. Fortunately, I won. — Fortsjoenutlie, ai wan. — Lyckligtvis vann jag.

10 Kommentaradverb (Comment adverb): Det kommer vanligtvis i början av meningen och uttrycker talarens åsikt eller kommentar. Adverb + mening. Honestly, I don't know. — Onestlie, ai doont noo. — Ärligt talat vet jag inte.

11 Sammanbindande adverb (Linking adverb): Det kommer vanligtvis i början eller mitten av meningen och binder samman två idéer eller meningar. Mening + sammanbindande adverb + mening. I was tired; however, I worked. — Ai woz taiërd; haoe-ever, ai werkt. — Jag var trött; ändå arbetade jag.

12 Riktning (Direction): Ett riktningsadverb kommer efter verbet eller objektet. Subjekt + verb + objekt + riktningsadverb. She went outside. — Sjie went autsaid. — Hon gick ut.

13 Bestämd frekvens (Definite frequency): Ett uttryck för en bestämd frekvens kan komma i början eller slutet av meningen. Tidsbestämning + mening. I go there every day. — Ai goo der evrie dee. — Jag går dit varje dag.

14 Varaktighet (Duration): Ett varaktighetsuttryck kommer vanligtvis i slutet av meningen. Subjekt + verb + objekt + varaktighet. I studied for two hours. — Ai staddied for toe auërs. — Jag studerade i två timmar.

15 Syfte (Purpose): Ett syftesuttryck kommer vanligtvis i slutet av meningen och anger anledningen till att en handling utförs. Mening + syfte. I went there to study. — Ai went der toe staddie. — Jag gick dit för att studera.

INDIRECT OBJECT: indirekt objekt

# typ grammatisk bildning på arabiska arabiskt uttal av den engelska formen exempel arabiskt uttal av exemplet svensk översättning

1 indirekt objekt subjekt + verb + indirekt objekt + direkt objekt subdzjekt + wurb + indairikt ubject + dairikt ubject I gave him a book. ai gjv him uh boek Jag gav honom en bok.

2 direkt objekt + to + indirekt objekt subjekt + verb + direkt objekt + to + indirekt objekt subdzjekt + wurb + dairikt ubject + tw + indairikt ubject I gave a book to him. ai gjv uh boek tw him Jag gav en bok till honom.

3 indirekt objekt subjekt + verb + indirekt objekt + direkt objekt subdzjekt + wurb + indairikt ubject + dairikt ubject She sent me a letter. shie sint mie uh litar Hon skickade mig ett brev.

4 direkt objekt + to + indirekt objekt subjekt + verb + direkt objekt + to + indirekt objekt subdzjekt + wurb + dairikt ubject + tw + indairikt ubject She sent a letter to me. shie sint uh litar tw mie arslt brief lj.

5 indirekt objekt for subjekt + verb + indirekt objekt + direkt objekt subdzjekt + wurb + indairikt ubject + dairikt ubject I bought her a gift. ai bwt hur uh gift Jag köpte en present till henne.

6 direkt objekt + for + indirekt objekt subjekt + verb + direkt objekt + for + indirekt objekt subdzjekt + wurb + dairikt ubject + foor + indairikt ubject I bought a gift for her. ai bwt uh gift foor hur asjtrjt cadeau lha.

7 indirekt objekt almbnj llmdjhwl indirekt object + be + altsrjf althalth + direkt object indairikt ubject + bie + wie thrj + dairikt ubject He was given a book. hie woez givin uh boek Han fick en bok.

8 direkt objekt almbnj llmdjhwl + to + indirekt object direkt objekt + be + altsrjf althalth + to + indirekt objekt dairikt ubject + bie + wie thrj + tw + indairikt ubject A book was given to him. uh boek woez givin tw him aoeatj boekana lh.

9 fråga efter indirekt objekt adaa alastfham + hjälpverb + subjekt + verb + direkt objekt + to woe + dw/daz/did + subdzjekt + wurb + dairikt ubject + tw Who did you give it to? hw did joe gjv it tw Till vem gav du det?

10 formellt indirekt objekt To whom + hjälpverb + subjekt + verb + direkt objekt tw hwm + auksiljeri + subdzjekt + wurb + dairikt ubject To whom did you give it? tw hwm did joe gjv it Till vem gav du det?

GENITIVE: ägande / genitiv

# typ grammatisk bildning på arabiska arabiskt uttal av den engelska formen exempel arabiskt uttal av exemplet översättning

1 ägande med ett singularsubstantiv substantiv + 's + substantiv nawn + iz + nawn John's car djwnz kaar Johns bil.

2 ägande med of substantiv + of + substantiv nawn + aoev + nawn the car of John dha kaar aoev djwn Johns bil.

3 ägande med ett regelbundet plural substantiv plural + ' + substantiv bloeral nawn + aaboestrafij + nawn students' books stjwdants boeks studenternas böcker

4 ägande med ett oregelbundet plural substantiv + 's + substantiv nawn + iz + nawn children's toys tsjildrinz twjz barnens leksaker

5 ägande av en sak med of substantiv + of + substantiv nawn + aoev + nawn the roof of the house dha rwf aoev dha haus husets tak

6 possessiv bestämare possessiv bestämare + substantiv pazisiv ditirminar + nawn my car maj kaar min bil

7 självständigt possessivt pronomen självständigt possessivt pronomen pazisiv proonaun The car is mine. dha kaar iz majn Bilen är min / bilen tillhör mig.

8 dubbel genitiv substantiv + of + självständigt possessivt pronomen nawn + aoev + pazisiv proonaun a friend of mine uh frind aoev majn en vän till mig / en av mina vänner.

9 tidsägande substantiv + 's + substantiv tajm nawn + iz + nawn today's news tadajz njwz dagens nyheter.

10 plural måttenhet talord + whda alkjas + ' + substantiv njoemiral + joewnit + aaboestrafij + nawn two weeks' vacation tw wjks vakjsjan en två veckor lång semester.

11 fråga om ägande whose + substantiv hwz + nawn Whose book? hwz boek Vems bok är det? / Vems bok är detta?

12 ägande i en relativ bisats whose + substantiv + mening hwz + nawn + klwz the man whose car... dha man hwz kaar... mannen vars bil...

13 gemensamt ägande substantiv alawl + and + substantiv althanj + 's + substantiv nawn + aand + nawn + iz + nawn John and Mary's house djwn aand mjrjz haus det gemensamma huset som John och Mary har.

14 separat ägande substantiv alawl + 's + and + substantiv althanj + 's + substantiv nawn + iz + aand + nawn + iz + nawn John's and Mary's houses djwnz aand mjrjz hawziz Johns och Marys hus; var och en har sitt eget hus.

INDEPENDENT: självständiga possessiva pronomen

person possessiv bestämare uttal av possessiv bestämare självständigt possessivt pronomen uttal av possessivet fullständigt exempel arabiskt uttal av exemplet översättning

I = ana my maj mine majn This book is mine. dhis boek iz majn Den här boken är min.

you = anta / anti your jwr yours jwrz This book is yours. dhis boek iz jwrz Den här boken är din.

he = hw his hiz his hiz This book is his. dhis boek iz hiz Den här boken är hans.

she = hie her hur hers harz This book is hers. dhis boek iz harz Den här boken är hennes.

it = hw/hie lghjr alaakl its its det finns inget vanligt självständigt possessivt pronomen — The dog hurt its leg. dha dwgh hirt its lig Hunden skadade sitt ben.

we = nhn our aawr ours aawrz This book is ours. dhis boek iz aawrz Den här boken är vår.

they = hm / hn their dhjr theirs dhjrz This book is theirs. dhis boek iz dhjrz Den här boken är deras.

The book is the boy's. = Boken tillhör pojken.

The book is for the boy. = Boken är till pojken.

WAS GOING TO: hade planerat att / skulle

pronomen grammatisk bildning på arabiska arabiskt uttal av den engelska formen arabiskt uttal av exemplet betydelse

I = ana ana + was going to + verb ai + woez ghwjngh tw + wurb I was going to eat. ai woez ghwjngh tw ijt Jag skulle äta / jag hade planerat att äta.

you = anta/anti ant + were going to + verb joe + wur ghwjngh tw + wurb You were going to eat. joe wur ghwjngh tw ijt Du skulle äta / du hade planerat att äta.

he = hw hw + was going to + verb hie + woez ghwjngh tw + wurb He was going to eat. hie woez ghwjngh tw ijt Han skulle äta / han hade planerat att äta.

she = hie hie + was going to + verb shie + woez ghwjngh tw + wurb She was going to eat. shie woez ghwjngh tw ijt Hon skulle äta / hon hade planerat att äta.

it = hw/hie lghjr alaakl hw/hie + was going to + verb it + woez ghwjngh tw + wurb It was going to rain. it woez ghwjngh tw rjn Det skulle börja regna / det skulle regna.

we = nhn nhn + were going to + verb wj + wur ghwjngh tw + wurb We were going to eat. wj wur ghwjngh tw ijt Vi skulle äta / vi hade planerat att äta.

they = hm/hn hm/hn + were going to + verb dhaj + wur ghwjngh tw + wurb They were going to eat. dhaj wur ghwjngh tw ijt De skulle äta / de hade planerat att äta.

[woez abawt tw/wur abawt tw] was about to/were about to aw nstchdm

Was about to = var på väg att något skulle hända.

Was supposed to = skulle göra något enligt överenskommelsen, men något hindrade det eller så blev det annorlunda.

I was supposed to clean up today, but due to the bad weather, I am not. = Jag skulle städa idag, men på grund av det dåliga vädret gör jag inte det.

2- substantiv (NOUNS)

begrepp på arabiska grammatisk bildning på arabiska uttal på engelska med arabiska bokstäver

plural substantiv + s books bwks ktb

plural substantiv + es boxes bwksiz snadjk

singular bestämare the + substantiv the book dha bwk boken

plural bestämare the + substantiv djma the books dha bwks böckerna

singular bestämare a + substantiv a book uh bwk en bok

singular bestämare (Om ordet börjar med en vokal) an + substantiv an apple aan aaboel tfaha

indirekt objekt subjekt + verb + direkt objekt + indirekt objekt I give him the book. ai giv him dha bwk Jag ger honom boken.

indirekt objekt to subjekt + verb + direkt objekt + to + indirekt objekt I give the book to him. ai giv dha bwk tw him Jag ger boken till honom.

ägande substantiv almalk + 's + substantiv almmlwk John's car djwnz kaar Johns bil

ägande plural substantiv djma almalk + ' + substantiv almmlwk the boys' books dha bwjz bwks pojkarnas böcker

ägande med of substantiv almmlwk + of + substantiv almalk the door of the house dha dwr aav dha haus dörren till huset

ordslut vad lägger vi till? arabiskt uttal

de flesta ord -s book → books bwk -> bwks

s -es bus → buses bas -> basiz

ss -es class → classes klas -> klasiz

sh -es dish → dishes disj -> disjiz

ch -es watch → watches watsj -> watsjiz

x -es box → boxes bwks -> bwksiz

z -es quiz → quizzes kwiz -> kwiziz

konsonant + y -ies baby → babies bjbj -> bjbjz

vokal + y -s boy → boys bwj -> bwjz

vissa f/fe -ves knife → knives najf -> najfz

vissa f/fe -s roof → roofs rwf -> rwfs

när det är obestämt och pluralformen är samma som singularformenA idha kan substantiv madwd, lägger vi inte till

INDIRECT OBJECT: indirekt objekt

Det finns tre grundläggande sätt att placera det indirekta objektet på engelska:

1- Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object

I give a boy a book. = aatj wldana boekana.

2- Subject + Verb + Direct Object + to + Indirect Object

I give a book to a boy. = aatj boekana lwld.

3- Subject + Verb + to + Indirect Object + Direct Object

I give to a boy a book. = aatj lwld boekana.

Detta sätt låter onaturligt i modern engelska; det första och andra sättet används oftare.

GENITIVE: ägande

Det finns två grundläggande sätt att uttrycka ägande på engelska:

1- Owner's + Possession

The boy's book = boken som tillhör pojken.

2- Possession + of + Owner

The book of the boy = boken som tillhör pojken.

3- adjektiv (ADJECTIVES)

typ på arabiska grammatisk bildning på arabiska arabiskt uttal av den engelska formen exempel arabiskt uttal betydelse

beskrivande adjektiv sfa + substantiv edzjektief + nawn a beautiful house uh bjwtifoel haus ett vackert hus

kvantitativa adjektiv kmja + substantiv kwantitj + nawn many books minj bwks många böcker

numeriska adjektiv add + substantiv nambar + nawn three books thrj bwks tre böcker

demonstrativa adjektiv this/that/these/those + substantiv dhis/dhet/dhjz/dhwz + nawn this book dhis bwk den här boken

possessiva adjektiv my/your/his/her/its/our/their + substantiv maj/jwr/hiz/hur/its/aawr/dhjr + nawn my car maj kaar min bil

frågande adjektiv which/what/whose + substantiv witsj/wat/hwz + nawn which book? witsj bwk vilken bok?

obestämda adjektiv klma mhdda + substantiv indifinit wird + nawn some books sam bwks några böcker

distributiva adjektiv each/every/either/neither + substantiv ijtsj/evrie/ijdhar/njdhar + nawn each student ijtsj stjwdant varje student / var och en av studenterna

adjektiv avledda från egennamn substantiv alm → sfa brabar nawn → edzjektief English language inghlisj langhwidj det engelska språket

sammansatta adjektiv klma + klma wird + wird a well-known actor uh wil-nwn aaktwr en välkänd skådespelare

adjektiv avledda från presens-/perfektparticip V-ing / V-ed wie-iingh / wie-iid a boring movie uh bwringh mwfj en tråkig film

komparativformer av adjektiv sfa + er / more + sfa edzjektief + iar / mwr + edzjektief bigger house bighar haus ett större hus

superlativformer av adjektiv sfa + est / most + sfa edzjektief + iist / mwst + edzjektief the biggest house dha bighist haus det största huset

på varandra följande adjektiv sfa + + sfa + substantiv edzjektief + fasla + edzjektief + nawn a long, difficult journey uh lwngh difikalt djirnj en lång, svår resa

adjektiv före substantivet sfa + substantiv edzjektief + nawn a red car uh rid kaar en röd bil

predikativa adjektiv subjekt + be + adjektiv subdzjekt + bie + edzjektief The car is red. dha kaar iiz rid enbart röd bil

adjektiv efter substantivet substantiv + adjektiv nawn + edzjektief something interesting samthingh intristingh något intressant

absoluta adjektiv adjektiv edzjektief perfect birfikt perfekt

emfatiska adjektiv adjektiv + substantiv edzjektief + nawn my own car maj awn kaar min egen bil

utropande adjektiv what + adjektiv + substantiv wat + edzjektief + nawn What a beautiful day! wat uh bjwtifoel daj Vilken vacker dag!

. almdara albsjt — Present Simple

Bildning: subjekt + am/is/are + chbr

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + am/iiz/ar + kwmbljmint

pronomen exempel arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I am I am happy. ai am habj Jag är glad.

You You are You are happy. joe ar habj Du är glad.

He He is He is happy. hie iiz habj Han är glad.

She She is She is happy. shie iiz habj Hon är glad.

It It is It is cold. it iiz kwld Det är kallt.

We We are We are happy. wj ar habj Vi är glada.

You You are You are happy. joe ar habj Ni är glada.

They They are They are happy. dhaj ar habj De är glada.

2. almadj albsjt — Past Simple

Bildning: subjekt + was/were + chbr

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + waz/wur + kwmbljmint

pronomen exempel arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I was I was happy. ai waz habj Jag var glad.

You You were You were happy. joe wur habj Jag var glad.

He He was He was happy. hie waz habj Han var glad.

She She was She was happy. shie waz habj Hon var glad.

It It was It was cold. it waz kwld Det var kallt.

We We were We were happy. wj wur habj Vi var glada.

You You were You were happy. joe wur habj Ni var glada.

They They were They were happy. dhaj wur habj De var glada.

3. almstkbl albsjt — Future Simple

Bildning: subjekt + will be + chbr

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + wil bie + kwmbljmint

pronomen exempel arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I will be I will be happy. ai wil bie habj Jag kommer att vara glad.

You You will be You will be happy. joe wil bie habj Du kommer att vara glad.

He He will be He will be happy. hie wil bie habj Han kommer att vara glad.

She She will be She will be happy. shie wil bie habj Hon kommer att vara glad.

It It will be It will be cold. it wil bie kwld Det kommer att vara kallt.

We We will be We will be happy. wj wil bie habj Vi kommer att vara glada.

You You will be You will be happy. joe wil bie habj Ni kommer att vara glada.

They They will be They will be happy. dhaj wil bie habj De kommer att vara glada.

4. almdara almstmr — Present Continuous

Bildning: subjekt + am/is/are being + chbr

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + am/iiz/ar bjjngh + kwmbljmint

pronomen exempel arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I am being I am being careful. ai am bjjngh kjrfoel Jag beter mig försiktigt.

You You are being You are being careful. joe ar bjjngh kjrfoel Du beter dig försiktigt.

He He is being He is being careful. hie iiz bjjngh kjrfoel Han beter sig försiktigt.

She She is being She is being careful. shie iiz bjjngh kjrfoel Hon beter sig försiktigt.

It It is being It is being repaired. it iiz bjjngh ribjrd Det repareras.

We We are being We are being careful. wj ar bjjngh kjrfoel Vi beter oss försiktigt.

You You are being You are being careful. joe ar bjjngh kjrfoel Ni beter er försiktigt.

They They are being They are being careful. dhaj ar bjjngh kjrfoel De beter sig försiktigt.

5. almadj almstmr — Past Continuous

Bildning: subjekt + was/were being + chbr

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + waz/wur bjjngh + kwmbljmint

pronomen exempel arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I was being I was being careful. ai waz bjjngh kjrfoel knt atsrf bhdhr.

You You were being You were being careful. joe wur bjjngh kjrfoel knt ttsrf bhdhr.

He He was being He was being careful. hie waz bjjngh kjrfoel kan jtsrf bhdhr.

She She was being She was being careful. shie waz bjjngh kjrfoel kent ttsrf bhdhr.

It It was being It was being repaired. it waz bjjngh ribjrd kan Det reparerades.

We We were being We were being careful. wj wur bjjngh kjrfoel kna ntsrf bhdhr.

You You were being You were being careful. joe wur bjjngh kjrfoel kntm ttsrfwn bhdhr.

They They were being They were being careful. dhaj wur bjjngh kjrfoel kanwa jtsrfwn bhdhr.

6. almstkbl almstmr — Future Continuous

Bildning: subjekt + will be being + chbr

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + wil bie bjjngh + kwmbljmint

pronomen exempel arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I will be being careful. ai wil bie bjjngh kjrfoel sakwn mstmrana altsrf bhdhr.

You You will be being careful. joe wil bie bjjngh kjrfoel stkwn mstmrana altsrf bhdhr.

He He will be being careful. hie wil bie bjjngh kjrfoel sjkwn mstmrana altsrf bhdhr.

She She will be being careful. shie wil bie bjjngh kjrfoel stkwn mstmra altsrf bhdhr.

It It will be being repaired. it wil bie bjjngh ribjrd sjkwn mstmrana islahh.

We We will be being careful. wj wil bie bjjngh kjrfoel snkwn mstmrjn altsrf bhdhr.

You You will be being careful. joe wil bie bjjngh kjrfoel stkwnwn mstmrjn altsrf bhdhr.

They They will be being careful. dhaj wil bie bjjngh kjrfoel sjkwnwn mstmrjn altsrf bhdhr.

Denna tempusform är grammatiskt korrekt, men förekommer mycket sällan i naturlig engelska.

7. almdara altam — Present Perfect

Bildning: subjekt + have/has been + chbr

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + haf/haz + kwmbljmint

pronomen exempel arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I have been happy. ai haf habj lkd Jag har varit glad.

You You have been happy. joe haf habj lkd Du har varit glad.

He He has been happy. hie haz habj lkd Han har varit glad.

She She has been happy. shie haz habj lkd Hon har varit glad.

It It has been cold. it haz kwld lkd Det har varit kallt.

We We have been happy. wj haf habj lkd Vi har varit glada.

You You have been happy. joe haf habj lkd Ni har varit glada.

They They have been happy. dhaj haf habj lkd De har varit glada.

8. almadj altam — Past Perfect

Bildning: subjekt + had been + chbr

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + had + kwmbljmint

pronomen exempel arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I had been happy. ai had habj knt kd Jag hade varit glad.

You You had been happy. joe had habj knt kd Jag hade varit glad.

He He had been happy. hie had habj kan kd Han hade varit glad.

She She had been happy. shie had habj kent kd Hon hade varit glad.

It It had been cold. it had kwld kan aldjw kd kan bardana.

We We had been happy. wj had habj kna kd Vi hade varit glada.

You You had been happy. joe had habj kntm kd Ni hade varit glada.

They They had been happy. dhaj had habj kanwa kd De hade varit glada.

9. almstkbl altam — Future Perfect

Bildning: subjekt + will have been + chbr

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + wil haf + kwmbljmint

pronomen exempel arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I will have been happy. ai wil haf habj sakwn kd Jag kommer att ha varit glad.

You You will have been happy. joe wil haf habj stkwn kd Du kommer att ha varit glad.

He He will have been happy. hie wil haf habj sjkwn kd Han kommer att ha varit glad.

She She will have been happy. shie wil haf habj stkwn kd Hon kommer att ha varit glad.

It It will have been cold. it wil haf kwld sjkwn aldjw kd kan bardana.

We We will have been happy. wj wil haf habj snkwn kd Vi kommer att ha varit glada.

You You will have been happy. joe wil haf habj stkwnwn kd Ni kommer att ha varit glada.

They They will have been happy. dhaj wil haf habj sjkwnwn kd De kommer att ha varit glada.

10. almdara altam almstmr — Present Perfect Continuous

Bildning: subjekt + have/has been being + chbr

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + haf/haz bjjngh + kwmbljmint

pronomen exempel arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I have been being careful. ai haf bjjngh kjrfoel knt mstmrana altsrf bhdhr.

You You have been being careful. joe haf bjjngh kjrfoel knt mstmrana altsrf bhdhr.

He He has been being careful. hie haz bjjngh kjrfoel kan mstmrana altsrf bhdhr.

She She has been being careful. shie haz bjjngh kjrfoel kent mstmra altsrf bhdhr.

It It has been being repaired. it haz bjjngh ribjrd kan mstmrana islahh.

We We have been being careful. wj haf bjjngh kjrfoel kna mstmrjn altsrf bhdhr.

You You have been being careful. joe haf bjjngh kjrfoel kntm mstmrjn altsrf bhdhr.

They They have been being careful. dhaj haf bjjngh kjrfoel kanwa mstmrjn altsrf bhdhr.

11. almadj altam almstmr — Past Perfect Continuous

Bildning: subjekt + had been being + chbr

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + had bjjngh + kwmbljmint

pronomen exempel arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I had been being careful. ai had bjjngh kjrfoel knt kd zllt atsrf bhdhr.

You You had been being careful. joe had bjjngh kjrfoel knt kd zllt ttsrf bhdhr.

He He had been being careful. hie had bjjngh kjrfoel kan kd zl jtsrf bhdhr.

She She had been being careful. shie had bjjngh kjrfoel kent kd zlt ttsrf bhdhr.

It It had been being repaired. it had bjjngh ribjrd kan kd astmr islahh.

We We had been being careful. wj had bjjngh kjrfoel kna kd zllna ntsrf bhdhr.

You You had been being careful. joe had bjjngh kjrfoel kntm kd zlltm ttsrfwn bhdhr.

They They had been being careful. dhaj had bjjngh kjrfoel kanwa kd zlwa jtsrfwn bhdhr.

12. almstkbl altam almstmr — Future Perfect Continuous

Bildning: subjekt + will have been being + chbr

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + wil haf bjjngh + kwmbljmint

pronomen exempel arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I will have been being careful. ai wil haf bjjngh kjrfoel sakwn kd zllt atsrf bhdhr.

You You will have been being careful. joe wil haf bjjngh kjrfoel stkwn kd zllt ttsrf bhdhr.

He He will have been being careful. hie wil haf bjjngh kjrfoel sjkwn kd zl jtsrf bhdhr.

She She will have been being careful. shie wil haf bjjngh kjrfoel stkwn kd zlt ttsrf bhdhr.

It It will have been being repaired. it wil haf bjjngh ribjrd sjkwn kd astmr islahh.

We We will have been being careful. wj wil haf bjjngh kjrfoel snkwn kd zllna ntsrf bhdhr.

You You will have been being careful. joe wil haf bjjngh kjrfoel stkwnwn kd zlltm ttsrfwn bhdhr.

They They will have been being careful. dhaj wil haf bjjngh kjrfoel sjkwnwn kd zlwa jtsrfwn bhdhr.

4- pronomen (PRONOUNS)

. personliga pronomen — alla grundläggande fall

kasus / begrepp på arabiska grammatisk bildning på arabiska Arabiskt uttal av den engelska formen pronomen Arabiskt uttal betydelse

subjektsform subjektspronomen subdzjekt brwnawn I ai ana

subjektsform subjektspronomen subdzjekt brwnawn you joe ant / antm

subjektsform subjektspronomen subdzjekt brwnawn he hie hw

subjektsform subjektspronomen subdzjekt brwnawn she shie hie

subjektsform subjektspronomen subdzjekt brwnawn it it hw/hie lghjr alaakl

subjektsform subjektspronomen subdzjekt brwnawn we wj nhn

subjektsform subjektspronomen subdzjekt brwnawn they dhei hm / hn

azoalsa

pronomen exempel Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I read. ai ried ana akra.

you You work. joe wirk ant taml / antm tamlwn.

he He sleeps. hie sljps hw jnam.

she She cooks. shie kwks hie ttbch.

it It works. it wirks inh jaml.

we We study. wj stadj nhn ndrs.

they They live here. dhei lief hjr hm jajsjwn hna.

2. hala bh

toestchdm andma jkwn pronomen mfawlana mbasjrana aw mbasjr.

begrepp på arabiska grammatisk bildning på arabiska Arabiskt uttal av den engelska formen pronomen Arabiskt uttal betydelse

mfawl bh mfawl ubdzjekt brwnawn me mie ijaj / lj

mfawl bh mfawl ubdzjekt brwnawn you joe ijak / ijakm

mfawl bh mfawl ubdzjekt brwnawn him him ijah / lh

mfawl bh mfawl ubdzjekt brwnawn her hur ijaha / lha

mfawl bh mfawl ubdzjekt brwnawn it it ijah/ijaha lghjr alaakl

mfawl bh mfawl ubdzjekt brwnawn us aas ijana / lna

mfawl bh mfawl ubdzjekt brwnawn them dhim ijahm / lhm

azoalsa

exempel Arabiskt uttal betydelse

She called me. shie kwld mie hie atslt bie.

I saw you. ai sw joe rajt k / rajtkm.

We helped him. wj hilbt him saadnah.

I know her. ai noe hur ana aarfha.

I bought it. ai bwt it asjtrjth.

He invited us. hie invajtid aas hw daana.

She called them. shie kwld dhim hie atslt bhm.

3. possessiva pronomen med självständigt substantiv

hdhh toesma aadaan possessiva adjektiv / mhddat ägande lanha tatj substantiv.

begrepp på arabiska grammatisk bildning på arabiska Arabiskt uttal av den engelska formen pronomen Arabiskt uttal betydelse

mlkja my + substantiv maj + nawn my maj j / lj

mlkja your + substantiv jwr + nawn your jwr k / km

mlkja his + substantiv hiz + nawn his hiz h / lh

mlkja her + substantiv hur + nawn her hur ha / lha

mlkja its + substantiv its + nawn its its h/ha lghjr alaakl

mlkja our + substantiv aawr + nawn our aawr na / lna

mlkja their + substantiv dhjr + nawn their dhjr hm / hn

azoalsa

exempel Arabiskt uttal betydelse

My book is new. maj bwk iz njw boekj djdjd.

Your car is fast. jwr kaar iz fast sjartk srjaa.

His house is big. hiz haus iz bigh mnzlh kbjr.

Her phone is new. hur fwn iz njw hatfha djdjd.

Its color is beautiful. its kalar iz bjwtifoel lwnh djmjl.

Our teacher is nice. aawr tjtsjar iz najs malmna ltjf.

Their house is large. dhjr haus iz lardj mnzlhm kbjr.

4. självständiga possessiva pronomen

hdhh tatj bdwn substantiv badha.

begrepp på arabiska grammatisk bildning på arabiska Arabiskt uttal av den engelska formen pronomen Arabiskt uttal betydelse

mlkja mstkla mine majn mine majn lj / mlkj

mlkja mstkla yours jwrz yours jwrz lk / mlkk

mlkja mstkla his hiz his hiz lh / mlkh

mlkja mstkla hers hirz hers hirz lha / mlkha

mlkja mstkla ours aawrz ours aawrz lna / mlkna

mlkja mstkla theirs dhjrz theirs dhjrz lhm / mlkhm

Obs: la jwdjd aadaan mlkja mstkl sjaja l it.

azoalsa

exempel Arabiskt uttal betydelse

This book is mine. dhis bwk iz majn den här boken lj.

The car is yours. dha kaar iz jwrz bilen lk.

The house is his. dha haus iz hiz huset lh.

The bag is hers. dha bagh iz hirz alhkjba lha.

The room is ours. dha rwm iz aawrz alghrfa lna.

The books are theirs. dha bwks ar dhjrz alktb lhm.

5. reflexiva pronomen

toestchdm andma jawd bh onderwerp nfsh.

begrepp på arabiska grammatisk bildning på arabiska Arabiskt uttal av den engelska formen pronomen Arabiskt uttal betydelse

anakasj my + self maj + silf myself maj silf nfsj

anakasj your + self jwr + silf yourself jwr silf nfsk

anakasj him + self him + silf himself him silf nfsh

anakasj her + self hur + silf herself hur silf nfsha

anakasj it + self it + silf itself it silf nfsh/nfsha lghjr alaakl

anakasj our + selves aawr + silfz ourselves aawr silfz anfsna

anakasj your + selves jwr + silfz yourselves jwr silfz anfskm

anakasj them + selves dhim + silfz themselves dhim silfz anfshm / anfshn

azoalsa

exempel Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I hurt myself. ai hirt maj silf aadhjt nfsj.

You did it yourself. joe did it jwr silf falt dhlk bnfsk.

He introduced himself. hie intradjwst him silf kdm nfsh.

She taught herself English. shie twt hur silf inghlisj almt nfsha Engels.

The machine turned itself off. dha masjjn tirnd it silf awf awkft alaala nfsha.

We enjoyed ourselves. wj indjoewjd aawr silfz astmtana.

They introduced themselves. dhei intradjwst dhim silfz kdmwa anfshm.

6. demonstrativa pronomen

begrepp på arabiska grammatisk bildning på arabiska Arabiskt uttal av den engelska formen pronomen Arabiskt uttal betydelse

isjara llmfrd alkrjb this dhis this dhis hdha / hdhh

isjara llmfrd albajd that dhet that dhet dhlk / tlk

isjara lldjma alkrjb these dhjz these dhjz hwlaa / hdhh

isjara lldjma albajd those dhwz those dhwz awljk / tlk

azoalsa

This is my book.

dhis iz maj bwk.

hdha boekj.

That is your car.

dhet iz jwr kaar.

tlk sjartk.

These are my shoes.

dhjz ar maj sjwz.

hdhh ahdhjtj.

Those are their houses.

dhwz ar dhjr hawziz.

tlk mnazlhm.

7. frågande pronomen

begrepp på arabiska grammatisk bildning på arabiska Arabiskt uttal av den engelska formen pronomen Arabiskt uttal betydelse

llswal sjchs who hw who hw mn

llmfawl bh sjchs whom hwm whom hwm mn / man aldhj wka aljh verb

llmlkja whose hwz whose hwz lmn / man sahb

lsjja aw achtjar what wat what wat madha / ma

llachtjar which witsj which witsj aj

azoalsa

Who called you?

hw kwld jw

atsl bk

Whom did you see?

hwm did joe sj

rajt

Whose is this?

hwz iz dhis

lmn hdha

What happened?

wat haband

madha hdth

Which is yours?

witsj iz jwrz

aj wahd lk

8. relativa pronomen

begrepp på arabiska grammatisk bildning på arabiska Arabiskt uttal av den engelska formen pronomen Arabiskt uttal betydelse

llaakl who hw who hw aldhj / altj

llmfawl alaakl whom hwm whom hwm aldhj / altj

llmlkja whose hwz whose hwz aldhj lh / altj lha

lghjr alaakl which witsj which witsj aldhj / altj

llaakl wghjr alaakl that dhet that dhet aldhj / altj

azoalsa

The man who works here is my brother.

dha man hw wirks hjr iz maj bradhar.

alrdjl aldhj jaml hna hw achj.

The book which I bought is interesting.

dha bwk witsj ai bwt iz intristingh.

het boek aldhj asjtrjth mmta.

The girl whose car was stolen called the police.

dha ghirl hwz kaar waz stwlin kwld dha bwljs.

alftaa altj soerkt sjartha atslt bvoorwaardea.

9. obestämda pronomen

hdhh tsjjr sjchs aw sjja mhdd.

begrepp på arabiska pronomen Arabiskt uttal betydelse

sjchs mhdd someone sam wan sjchs ma

sjchs mhdd somebody sam badj sjchs ma

sjchs mhdd ontkenning/ anyone iinj wan aj sjchs

sjchs mhdd ontkenning/ anybody iinj badj aj sjchs

la ahd no one noe wan la ahd

la ahd nobody noe badj la ahd

aldjmja everyone iivrj wan aldjmja

aldjmja everybody iivrj badj aldjmja

sjja ma something samthingh sjja ma

aj sjja anything iinj thingh aj sjja

la sjja nothing nathingh la sjja

kl sjja everything iivrj thingh kl sjja

5- engelska tempus

. enkel presens

användning: vanor, fakta och upprepade handlingar.

Bildning: subjekt + V1 + ...

pronomen mening Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I work. ai wirk ana aaml.

you You work. joe wirk ant taml.

he He works. hie wirks hw jaml.

she She works. shie wirks hie taml.

it It works. it wirks inh jaml.

we We work. wj wirk nhn naml.

you You work. joe wirk antm tamlwn.

they They work. dhei wirk hm jamlwn.

he / she / it får vanligtvis -s på verbet.

2. enkel preteritum

användning: en handling som inträffade och avslutades i det förflutna.

Bildning: subjekt + V2 + ...

pronomen mening Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I worked. ai wirkt ana amlt.

you You worked. joe wirkt ant amlt.

he He worked. hie wirkt hw aml.

she She worked. shie wirkt hie amlt.

it It worked. it wirkt inh aml.

we We worked. wj wirkt nhn amlna.

you You worked. joe wirkt antm amltm.

they They worked. dhei wirkt hm amlwa.

3. enkel framtid

användning: något som kommer att hända i framtiden.

Bildning: subjekt + will + V1

pronomen mening Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I will work. ai wil wirk saaml.

you You will work. joe wil wirk staml.

he He will work. hie wil wirk sjaml.

she She will work. shie wil wirk staml.

it It will work. it wil wirk sjaml / sjsjtghl.

we We will work. wj wil wirk snaml.

you You will work. joe wil wirk stamlwn.

they They will work. dhei wil wirk sjamlwn.

4. presens progressiv

användning: något som händer nu eller under den aktuella tiden.

Bildning: subjekt + am/is/are + V-ing

pronomen mening Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I am working. ai am wirkingh ana aaml alaan.

you You are working. joe ar wirkingh ant taml alaan.

he He is working. hie iz wirkingh hw jaml alaan.

she She is working. shie iz wirkingh hie taml alaan.

it It is working. it iz wirkingh inh jaml alaan.

we We are working. wj ar wirkingh nhn naml alaan.

you You are working. joe ar wirkingh antm tamlwn alaan.

they They are working. dhei ar wirkingh hm jamlwn alaan.

5. preteritum progressiv

användning: något som pågick under en viss tid i det förflutna.

Bildning: subjekt + was/were + V-ing

pronomen mening Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I was working. ai waz wirkingh knt aaml.

you You were working. joe wur wirkingh knt taml.

he He was working. hie waz wirkingh kan jaml.

she She was working. shie waz wirkingh kent taml.

it It was working. it waz wirkingh kan jaml.

we We were working. wj wur wirkingh kna naml.

you You were working. joe wur wirkingh kntm tamlwn.

they They were working. dhei wur wirkingh kanwa jamlwn.

6. framtida progressiv

användning: något som kommer att pågå under en viss tid i framtiden.

Bildning: subjekt + will be + V-ing

pronomen mening Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I will be working. ai wil bie wirkingh sakwn aaml.

you You will be working. joe wil bie wirkingh stkwn taml.

he He will be working. hie wil bie wirkingh sjkwn jaml.

she She will be working. shie wil bie wirkingh stkwn taml.

it It will be working. it wil bie wirkingh sjkwn jaml.

we We will be working. wj wil bie wirkingh snkwn naml.

you You will be working. joe wil bie wirkingh stkwnwn tamlwn.

they They will be working. dhei wil bie wirkingh sjkwnwn jamlwn.

7. presens perfekt

användning: en handling som har hänt med koppling till nuet eller som har inträffat utan en specifik avslutad tidpunkt.

Bildning: subjekt + have/has + V3

pronomen mening Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I have worked. ai haf wirkt lkd amlt.

you You have worked. joe haf wirkt lkd amlt.

he He has worked. hie haz wirkt lkd aml.

she She has worked. shie haz wirkt lkd amlt.

it It has worked. it haz wirkt lkd aml.

we We have worked. wj haf wirkt lkd amlna.

you You have worked. joe haf wirkt lkd amltm.

they They have worked. dhei haf wirkt lkd amlwa.

8. pluskvamperfekt

användning: en handling som inträffade före en annan handling i det förflutna.

Bildning: subjekt + had + V3

pronomen mening Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I had worked. ai had wirkt knt kd amlt.

you You had worked. joe had wirkt knt kd amlt.

he He had worked. hie had wirkt kan kd aml.

she She had worked. shie had wirkt kent kd amlt.

it It had worked. it had wirkt kan kd aml.

we We had worked. wj had wirkt kna kd amlna.

you You had worked. joe had wirkt kntm kd amltm.

they They had worked. dhei had wirkt kanwa kd amlwa.

9. futurum perfekt

användning: en handling som kommer att vara avslutad före en viss tidpunkt eller händelse i framtiden.

Bildning: subjekt + will have + V3

pronomen mening Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I will have worked. ai wil haf wirkt sakwn kd amlt.

you You will have worked. joe wil haf wirkt stkwn kd amlt.

he He will have worked. hie wil haf wirkt sjkwn kd aml.

she She will have worked. shie wil haf wirkt stkwn kd amlt.

it It will have worked. it wil haf wirkt sjkwn kd aml.

we We will have worked. wj wil haf wirkt snkwn kd amlna.

you You will have worked. joe wil haf wirkt stkwnwn kd amltm.

they They will have worked. dhei wil haf wirkt sjkwnwn kd amlwa.

10. presens perfekt progressiv

användning: en handling som började i det förflutna och fortfarande pågår eller fortsätter fram till en nära tidpunkt och har en koppling till nuet.

Bildning: subjekt + have/has been + V-ing

pronomen mening Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I have been working. ai haf bin wirkingh ana aaml mndh ftra.

you You have been working. joe haf bin wirkingh ant taml mndh ftra.

he He has been working. hie haz bin wirkingh hw jaml mndh ftra.

she She has been working. shie haz bin wirkingh hie taml mndh ftra.

it It has been working. it haz bin wirkingh inh jaml mndh ftra.

we We have been working. wj haf bin wirkingh nhn naml mndh ftra.

you You have been working. joe haf bin wirkingh antm tamlwn mndh ftra.

they They have been working. dhei haf bin wirkingh hm jamlwn mndh ftra.

11. pluskvamperfekt progressiv

användning: en handling som hade pågått under en viss tid innan en annan handling inträffade i det förflutna.

Bildning: subjekt + had been + V-ing

pronomen mening Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I had been working. ai had bin wirkingh knt aaml mndh ftra.

you You had been working. joe had bin wirkingh knt taml mndh ftra.

he He had been working. hie had bin wirkingh kan jaml mndh ftra.

she She had been working. shie had bin wirkingh kent taml mndh ftra.

it It had been working. it had bin wirkingh kan jaml mndh ftra.

we We had been working. wj had bin wirkingh kna naml mndh ftra.

you You had been working. joe had bin wirkingh kntm tamlwn mndh ftra.

they They had been working. dhei had bin wirkingh kanwa jamlwn mndh ftra.

12. futurum perfekt progressiv

användning: en handling som kommer att ha pågått under en viss tid fram till en viss tidpunkt i framtiden.

Bildning: subjekt + will have been + V-ing

pronomen mening Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I will have been working. ai wil haf bin wirkingh sakwn kd amlt lmda majna.

you You will have been working. joe wil haf bin wirkingh stkwn kd amlt lmda majna.

he He will have been working. hie wil haf bin wirkingh sjkwn kd aml lmda majna.

she She will have been working. shie wil haf bin wirkingh stkwn kd amlt lmda majna.

it It will have been working. it wil haf bin wirkingh sjkwn kd aml lmda majna.

we We will have been working. wj wil haf bin wirkingh snkwn kd amlna lmda majna.

you You will have been working. joe wil haf bin wirkingh stkwnwn kd amltm lmda majna.

they They will have been working. dhei wil haf bin wirkingh sjkwnwn kd amlwa lmda majna.

6- engelska tempus i passiv form

. enkel presens i passiv form

Bildning: subjekt + am/is/are + V3

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + am/iz/ar + wie thrj

pronomen mening Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I am written about. ai am ritin abawt joektb anj.

you You are written about. joe ar ritin abawt joektb ank.

he He is written about. hie iz ritin abawt joektb anh.

she She is written about. shie iz ritin abawt joektb anha.

it It is written about. it iz ritin abawt joektb anh/anha lghjr alaakl.

we We are written about. wj ar ritin abawt joektb ana.

you You are written about. joe ar ritin abawt joektb ankm.

they They are written about. dhei ar ritin abawt joektb anhm.

vanligaste exemplet:

The book is written in English.

dha bwk iz ritin in inghlisj.

het boek mktwb bde Engelska språket.

2. enkel preteritum i passiv form

Bildning: subjekt + was/were + V3

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + waz/wur + wie thrj

pronomen mening Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I was invited. ai waz invajtid tmt dawtj.

you You were invited. joe wur invajtid tmt dawtk.

he He was invited. hie waz invajtid tmt dawth.

she She was invited. shie waz invajtid tmt dawtha.

it It was invited. it waz invajtid tmt dawth lghjr alaakl.

we We were invited. wj wur invajtid tmt dawtna.

you You were invited. joe wur invajtid tmt dawtkm.

they They were invited. dhei wur invajtid tmt dawthm.

3. enkel framtid i passiv form

Bildning: subjekt + will be + V3

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + wil bie + wie thrj

pronomen mening Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I will be invited. ai wil bie invajtid sttm dawtj.

you You will be invited. joe wil bie invajtid sttm dawtk.

he He will be invited. hie wil bie invajtid sjttm dawth.

she She will be invited. shie wil bie invajtid sttm dawtha.

it It will be invited. it wil bie invajtid sttm dawth.

we We will be invited. wj wil bie invajtid sttm dawtna.

you You will be invited. joe wil bie invajtid sttm dawtkm.

they They will be invited. dhei wil bie invajtid sttm dawthm.

4. presens progressiv i passiv form

Bildning: subjekt + am/is/are being + V3

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + am/iz/ar bjngh + wie thrj

pronomen mening Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I am being watched. ai am bjngh watsjt ttm mrakbtj alaan.

you You are being watched. joe ar bjngh watsjt ttm mrakbtk alaan.

he He is being watched. hie iz bjngh watsjt ttm mrakbth alaan.

she She is being watched. shie iz bjngh watsjt ttm mrakbtha alaan.

it It is being watched. it iz bjngh watsjt ttm mrakbth alaan.

we We are being watched. wj ar bjngh watsjt ttm mrakbtna alaan.

you You are being watched. joe ar bjngh watsjt ttm mrakbtkm alaan.

they They are being watched. dhei ar bjngh watsjt ttm mrakbthm alaan.

5. preteritum progressiv i passiv form

Bildning: subjekt + was/were being + V3

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + waz/wur bjngh + wie thrj

pronomen mening Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I was being watched. ai waz bjngh watsjt knt aoerakab.

you You were being watched. joe wur bjngh watsjt knt toerakab.

he He was being watched. hie waz bjngh watsjt kan joerakab.

she She was being watched. shie waz bjngh watsjt kent toerakab.

it It was being watched. it waz bjngh watsjt kan joerakab.

we We were being watched. wj wur bjngh watsjt kna noerakab.

you You were being watched. joe wur bjngh watsjt kntm toerakabwn.

they They were being watched. dhei wur bjngh watsjt kanwa joerakabwn.

6. futurum progressiv i passiv form

Bildning: subjekt + will be being + V3

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + wil bie bjngh + wie thrj

hdhh alsjgha nadra djdana Engels alhdjtha.

pronomen mening Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I will be being watched. ai wil bie bjngh watsjt sakwn chadaana llmrakba.

you You will be being watched. joe wil bie bjngh watsjt stkwn chadaana llmrakba.

he He will be being watched. hie wil bie bjngh watsjt sjkwn chadaana llmrakba.

she She will be being watched. shie wil bie bjngh watsjt stkwn chadaa llmrakba.

it It will be being watched. it wil bie bjngh watsjt sjkwn chadaana llmrakba.

we We will be being watched. wj wil bie bjngh watsjt snkwn chadajn llmrakba.

you You will be being watched. joe wil bie bjngh watsjt stkwnwn chadajn llmrakba.

they They will be being watched. dhei wil bie bjngh watsjt sjkwnwn chadajn llmrakba.

7. presens perfekt i passiv form

Bildning: subjekt + have/has been + V3

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + haf/haz bin + wie thrj

pronomen mening Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I have been invited. ai haf bin invajtid tmt dawtj.

you You have been invited. joe haf bin invajtid tmt dawtk.

he He has been invited. hie haz bin invajtid tmt dawth.

she She has been invited. shie haz bin invajtid tmt dawtha.

it It has been invited. it haz bin invajtid tmt dawth.

we We have been invited. wj haf bin invajtid tmt dawtna.

you You have been invited. joe haf bin invajtid tmt dawtkm.

they They have been invited. dhei haf bin invajtid tmt dawthm.

8. pluskvamperfekt i passiv form

Bildning: subjekt + had been + V3

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + had bin + wie thrj

pronomen mening Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I had been invited. ai had bin invajtid knt kd doeajt.

you You had been invited. joe had bin invajtid knt kd doeajt.

he He had been invited. hie had bin invajtid kan kd doeaj.

she She had been invited. shie had bin invajtid kent kd doeajt.

it It had been invited. it had bin invajtid kan kd doeaj.

we We had been invited. wj had bin invajtid kna kd doeajna.

you You had been invited. joe had bin invajtid kntm kd doeajtm.

they They had been invited. dhei had bin invajtid kanwa kd doeawa.

9. futurum perfekt i passiv form

Bildning: subjekt + will have been + V3

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + wil haf bin + wie thrj

pronomen mening Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I will have been invited. ai wil haf bin invajtid sakwn kd doeajt.

you You will have been invited. joe wil haf bin invajtid stkwn kd doeajt.

he He will have been invited. hie wil haf bin invajtid sjkwn kd doeaj.

she She will have been invited. shie wil haf bin invajtid stkwn kd doeajt.

it It will have been invited. it wil haf bin invajtid sjkwn kd doeaj.

we We will have been invited. wj wil haf bin invajtid snkwn kd doeajna.

you You will have been invited. joe wil haf bin invajtid stkwnwn kd doeajtm.

they They will have been invited. dhei wil haf bin invajtid sjkwnwn kd doeawa.

10. presens perfekt progressiv i passiv form

Bildning: subjekt + have/has been being + V3

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + haf/haz bin bjngh + wie thrj

hdhh alsjgha shjha nhwjana lknha nadra djdana wghjr tbjaja kthjr alsjakat.

pronomen mening Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I have been being watched. ai haf bin bjngh watsjt knt aoerakab bastmrar hta alaan.

you You have been being watched. joe haf bin bjngh watsjt knt toerakab bastmrar hta alaan.

he He has been being watched. hie haz bin bjngh watsjt kan joerakab bastmrar hta alaan.

she She has been being watched. shie haz bin bjngh watsjt kent toerakab bastmrar hta alaan.

it It has been being watched. it haz bin bjngh watsjt kan toerakab bastmrar hta alaan.

we We have been being watched. wj haf bin bjngh watsjt kna noerakab bastmrar hta alaan.

you You have been being watched. joe haf bin bjngh watsjt kntm toerakabwn bastmrar hta alaan.

they They have been being watched. dhei haf bin bjngh watsjt kanwa joerakabwn bastmrar hta alaan.

11. pluskvamperfekt progressiv i passiv form

Bildning: subjekt + had been being + V3

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + had bin bjngh + wie thrj

hdhh alsjgha ajdana nadra djdana.

pronomen mening Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I had been being watched. ai had bin bjngh watsjt knt kd aoerakab bastmrar.

you You had been being watched. joe had bin bjngh watsjt knt kd toerakab bastmrar.

he He had been being watched. hie had bin bjngh watsjt kan kd joerakab bastmrar.

she She had been being watched. shie had bin bjngh watsjt kent kd toerakab bastmrar.

it It had been being watched. it had bin bjngh watsjt kan kd joerakab bastmrar.

we We had been being watched. wj had bin bjngh watsjt kna kd noerakab bastmrar.

you You had been being watched. joe had bin bjngh watsjt kntm kd toerakabwn bastmrar.

they They had been being watched. dhei had bin bjngh watsjt kanwa kd joerakabwn bastmrar.

12. futurum perfekt progressiv i passiv form

Bildning: subjekt + will have been being + V3

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + wil haf bin bjngh + wie thrj

hdhh alsjgha nadra llghaja.

pronomen mening Arabiskt uttal betydelse

I I will have been being watched. ai wil haf bin bjngh watsjt sakwn kd chdat llmrakba bastmrar.

you You will have been being watched. joe wil haf bin bjngh watsjt stkwn kd chdat llmrakba bastmrar.

he He will have been being watched. hie wil haf bin bjngh watsjt sjkwn kd chda llmrakba bastmrar.

she She will have been being watched. shie wil haf bin bjngh watsjt stkwn kd chdat llmrakba bastmrar.

it It will have been being watched. it wil haf bin bjngh watsjt sjkwn kd chda llmrakba bastmrar.

we We will have been being watched. wj wil haf bin bjngh watsjt snkwn kd chdana llmrakba bastmrar.

you You will have been being watched. joe wil haf bin bjngh watsjt stkwnwn kd chdatm llmrakba bastmrar.

they They will have been being watched. dhei wil haf bin bjngh watsjt sjkwnwn kd chdawa llmrakba bastmrar.

7- alnafj

. almdara albsjt — negation

Bildning: subjekt + do/does + not + V1

pronomen mening Arabisk uttal betydelse

I I do not work. ai dw noet wirk ana la aaml.

You You do not work. joe dw noet wirk ant la taml.

He He does not work. hie daz noet wirk hw la jaml.

She She does not work. shie daz noet wirk hie la taml.

It It does not work. it daz noet wirk hw/hie la jaml llasjjaa.

We We do not work. wj dw noet wirk nhn la naml.

They They do not work. dhei dw noet wirk hm la jamlwn.

anmärkningar:

do not → don't — dwnt

does not → doesn't — dazant

⚠️ doesn't nstchdm V1:

He doesn't work. ✅

He doesn't works. ❌

2. almadj albsjt — negation

Bildning: subjekt + did + not + V1

pronomen mening Arabisk uttal betydelse

I I did not work. ai did noet wirk ana lm aaml.

You You did not work. joe did noet wirk ant lm taml.

He He did not work. hie did noet wirk hw lm jaml.

She She did not work. shie did noet wirk hie lm taml.

It It did not work. it did noet wirk lm jaml.

We We did not work. wj did noet wirk nhn lm naml.

They They did not work. dhei did noet wirk hm lm jamlwa.

did not → didn't — didant

⚠️ didn't nstchdm V1:

I didn't work. ✅

I didn't worked. ❌

3. almstkbl albsjt — negation

Bildning: subjekt + will + not + V1

pronomen mening Arabisk uttal betydelse

I I will not work. ai wil noet wirk ln aaml.

You You will not work. joe wil noet wirk ln taml.

He He will not work. hie wil noet wirk ln jaml.

She She will not work. shie wil noet wirk ln taml.

It It will not work. it wil noet wirk ln jaml.

We We will not work. wj wil noet wirk ln naml.

They They will not work. dhei wil noet wirk ln jamlwa.

will not → won't — woont

alazmna almstmra

4. almdara almstmr — negation

Bildning: subjekt + am/is/are + not + V-ing

pronomen mening Arabisk uttal betydelse

I I am not working. ai am noet wirkingh ana la aaml alaan.

You You are not working. joe ar noet wirkingh ant la taml alaan.

He He is not working. hie iz noet wirkingh hw la jaml alaan.

She She is not working. shie iz noet wirkingh hie la taml alaan.

It It is not working. it iz noet wirkingh inh la jaml alaan.

We We are not working. wj ar noet wirkingh nhn la naml alaan.

They They are not working. dhei ar noet wirkingh hm la jamlwn alaan.

anmärkningar:

is not → isn't — izant

are not → aren't — aarant

am not → I'm not — aajm noet

5. almadj almstmr — negation

Bildning: subjekt + was/were + not + V-ing

pronomen mening Arabisk uttal betydelse

I I was not working. ai waz noet wirkingh lm akn aaml.

You You were not working. joe wur noet wirkingh lm tkn taml.

He He was not working. hie waz noet wirkingh lm jkn jaml.

She She was not working. shie waz noet wirkingh lm tkn taml.

It It was not working. it waz noet wirkingh lm jkn jaml.

We We were not working. wj wur noet wirkingh lm nkn naml.

They They were not working. dhei wur noet wirkingh lm jkwnwa jamlwn.

anmärkningar:

was not → wasn't — wazant

were not → weren't — wirant

6. almstkbl almstmr — negation

Bildning: subjekt + will + not + be + V-ing

pronomen mening Arabisk uttal betydelse

I I will not be working. ai wil noet bie wirkingh ln akwn aaml.

You You will not be working. joe wil noet bie wirkingh ln tkwn taml.

He He will not be working. hie wil noet bie wirkingh ln jkwn jaml.

She She will not be working. shie wil noet bie wirkingh ln tkwn taml.

It It will not be working. it wil noet bie wirkingh ln jkwn jaml.

We We will not be working. wj wil noet bie wirkingh ln nkwn naml.

They They will not be working. dhei wil noet bie wirkingh ln jkwnwa jamlwn.

alazmna altama

7. almdara altam — negation

Bildning: subjekt + have/has + not + V3

pronomen mening Arabisk uttal betydelse

I I have not worked. ai haf noet wirkt lm aaml / lm akn kd amlt.

You You have not worked. joe haf noet wirkt lm taml.

He He has not worked. hie haz noet wirkt lm jaml.

She She has not worked. shie haz noet wirkt lm taml.

It It has not worked. it haz noet wirkt lm jaml.

We We have not worked. wj haf noet wirkt lm naml.

They They have not worked. dhei haf noet wirkt lm jamlwa.

anmärkningar:

have not → haven't — hafant

has not → hasn't — hazant

8. almadj altam — negation

Bildning: subjekt + had + not + V3

pronomen mening Arabisk uttal betydelse

I I had not worked. ai had noet wirkt lm akn kd amlt.

You You had not worked. joe had noet wirkt lm tkn kd amlt.

He He had not worked. hie had noet wirkt lm jkn kd aml.

She She had not worked. shie had noet wirkt lm tkn kd amlt.

It It had not worked. it had noet wirkt lm jkn kd aml.

We We had not worked. wj had noet wirkt lm nkn kd amlna.

They They had not worked. dhei had noet wirkt lm jkwnwa kd amlwa.

had not → hadn't — hadant

9. almstkbl altam — negation

Bildning: subjekt + will + not + have + V3

pronomen mening Arabisk uttal betydelse

I I will not have worked. ai wil noet haf wirkt ln akwn kd amlt.

You You will not have worked. joe wil noet haf wirkt ln tkwn kd amlt.

He He will not have worked. hie wil noet haf wirkt ln jkwn kd aml.

She She will not have worked. shie wil noet haf wirkt ln tkwn kd amlt.

It It will not have worked. it wil noet haf wirkt ln jkwn kd aml.

We We will not have worked. wj wil noet haf wirkt ln nkwn kd amlna.

They They will not have worked. dhei wil noet haf wirkt ln jkwnwa kd amlwa.

alazmna altama almstmra

10. almdara altam almstmr — negation

Bildning: subjekt + have/has + not + been + V-ing

pronomen mening Arabisk uttal betydelse

I I have not been working. ai haf noet bin wirkingh lm akn aaml / lm aaml lftra.

You You have not been working. joe haf noet bin wirkingh lm tkn taml lftra.

He He has not been working. hie haz noet bin wirkingh lm jkn jaml lftra.

She She has not been working. shie haz noet bin wirkingh lm tkn taml lftra.

It It has not been working. it haz noet bin wirkingh lm jkn jaml lftra.

We We have not been working. wj haf noet bin wirkingh lm nkn naml lftra.

They They have not been working. dhei haf noet bin wirkingh lm jkwnwa jamlwn lftra.

11. almadj altam almstmr — negation

Bildning: subjekt + had + not + been + V-ing

pronomen mening Arabisk uttal betydelse

I I had not been working. ai had noet bin wirkingh lm akn aaml lftra.

You You had not been working. joe had noet bin wirkingh lm tkn taml lftra.

He He had not been working. hie had noet bin wirkingh lm jkn jaml lftra.

She She had not been working. shie had noet bin wirkingh lm tkn taml lftra.

It It had not been working. it had noet bin wirkingh lm jkn jaml lftra.

We We had not been working. wj had noet bin wirkingh lm nkn naml lftra.

They They had not been working. dhei had noet bin wirkingh lm jkwnwa jamlwn lftra.

12. almstkbl altam almstmr — negation

Bildning: subjekt + will + not + have + been + V-ing

pronomen mening Arabisk uttal betydelse

I I will not have been working. ai wil noet haf bin wirkingh ln akwn kd amlt lmda.

You You will not have been working. joe wil noet haf bin wirkingh ln tkwn kd amlt lmda.

He He will not have been working. hie wil noet haf bin wirkingh ln jkwn kd aml lmda.

She She will not have been working. shie wil noet haf bin wirkingh ln tkwn kd amlt lmda.

It It will not have been working. it wil noet haf bin wirkingh ln jkwn kd aml lmda.

We We will not have been working. wj wil noet haf bin wirkingh ln nkwn kd amlna lmda.

They They will not have been working. dhei wil noet haf bin wirkingh ln jkwnwa kd amlwa lmda.

. almdara albsjt almbnj llmdjhwl — negation

på arabiska: subjekt + am/is/are + not + V3

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + am/iz/ar + noet + wie thrj

pronomen exempel Arabisk uttal betydelse

I I am not invited. ai am noet invajtid ana la ttm dawtj.

You You are not invited. joe ar noet invajtid ant la ttm dawtk.

He He is not invited. hie iz noet invajtid hw la ttm dawth.

She She is not invited. shie iz noet invajtid hie la ttm dawtha.

It It is not used. it iz noet jwzd la jtm astchdamh.

We We are not invited. wj ar noet invajtid nhn la ttm dawtna.

They They are not invited. dhei ar noet invajtid hm la ttm dawthm.

is not → isn't — izant

are not → aren't — aarant

2. almadj albsjt almbnj llmdjhwl — negation

på arabiska: subjekt + was/were + not + V3

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + waz/wur + noet + wie thrj

pronomen exempel Arabisk uttal betydelse

I I was not invited. ai waz noet invajtid lm ttm dawtj.

You You were not invited. joe wur noet invajtid lm ttm dawtk.

He He was not invited. hie waz noet invajtid lm ttm dawth.

She She was not invited. shie waz noet invajtid lm ttm dawtha.

It It was not used. it waz noet jwzd lm jtm astchdamh.

We We were not invited. wj wur noet invajtid lm ttm dawtna.

They They were not invited. dhei wur noet invajtid lm ttm dawthm.

was not → wasn't — wazant

were not → weren't — wirant

3. almstkbl albsjt almbnj llmdjhwl — negation

på arabiska: subjekt + will + not + be + V3

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + wil + noet + bie + wie thrj

pronomen exempel Arabisk uttal betydelse

I I will not be invited. ai wil noet bie invajtid ln ttm dawtj.

You You will not be invited. joe wil noet bie invajtid ln ttm dawtk.

He He will not be invited. hie wil noet bie invajtid ln ttm dawth.

She She will not be invited. shie wil noet bie invajtid ln ttm dawtha.

It It will not be used. it wil noet bie jwzd ln jtm astchdamh.

We We will not be invited. wj wil noet bie invajtid ln ttm dawtna.

They They will not be invited. dhei wil noet bie invajtid ln ttm dawthm.

will not → won't — woont

4. almdara almstmr almbnj llmdjhwl — negation

på arabiska: subjekt + am/is/are + not + being + V3

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + am/iz/ar + noet + bjngh + wie thrj

pronomen exempel Arabisk uttal betydelse

I I am not being invited. ai am noet bjngh invajtid la ttm dawtj alaan.

You You are not being invited. joe ar noet bjngh invajtid la ttm dawtk alaan.

He He is not being invited. hie iz noet bjngh invajtid la ttm dawth alaan.

She She is not being invited. shie iz noet bjngh invajtid la ttm dawtha alaan.

It It is not being used. it iz noet bjngh jwzd la jtm astchdamh alaan.

We We are not being invited. wj ar noet bjngh invajtid la ttm dawtna alaan.

They They are not being invited. dhei ar noet bjngh invajtid la ttm dawthm alaan.

5. almadj almstmr almbnj llmdjhwl — negation

på arabiska: subjekt + was/were + not + being + V3

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + waz/wur + noet + bjngh + wie thrj

pronomen exempel Arabisk uttal betydelse

I I was not being invited. ai waz noet bjngh invajtid lm ttm dawtj dhlk alwkt.

You You were not being invited. joe wur noet bjngh invajtid lm ttm dawtk dhlk alwkt.

He He was not being invited. hie waz noet bjngh invajtid lm ttm dawth dhlk alwkt.

She She was not being invited. shie waz noet bjngh invajtid lm ttm dawtha dhlk alwkt.

It It was not being used. it waz noet bjngh jwzd lm jkn jtm astchdamh.

We We were not being invited. wj wur noet bjngh invajtid lm ttm dawtna dhlk alwkt.

They They were not being invited. dhei wur noet bjngh invajtid lm ttm dawthm dhlk alwkt.

6. almstkbl almstmr almbnj llmdjhwl — negation

på arabiska: subjekt + will + not + be + being + V3

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + wil + noet + bie + bjngh + wie thrj

pronomen exempel Arabisk uttal betydelse

I I will not be being invited. ai wil noet bie bjngh invajtid ln akwn hala ttm fjha dawtj.

You You will not be being invited. joe wil noet bie bjngh invajtid ln tkwn hala ttm fjha dawtk.

He He will not be being invited. hie wil noet bie bjngh invajtid ln jkwn hala ttm fjha dawth.

She She will not be being invited. shie wil noet bie bjngh invajtid ln tkwn hala ttm fjha dawtha.

We We will not be being invited. wj wil noet bie bjngh invajtid ln nkwn hala ttm fjha dawtna.

They They will not be being invited. dhei wil noet bie bjngh invajtid ln jkwnwa hala ttm fjha dawthm.

⚠️ hdha altrkjb shjh nahja albnja alnzrja lknh nadr djdana wghjr tbjaj alastamal vandaagj. ghalbana joeaad sjaghth btrjka abst.

7. presens perfekt i passiv form — negation

på arabiska: subjekt + have/has + not + been + V3

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + haf/haz + noet + bin + wie thrj

pronomen exempel Arabisk uttal betydelse

I I have not been invited. ai haf noet bin invajtid lm ttm dawtj.

You You have not been invited. joe haf noet bin invajtid lm ttm dawtk.

He He has not been invited. hie haz noet bin invajtid lm ttm dawth.

She She has not been invited. shie haz noet bin invajtid lm ttm dawtha.

It It has not been used. it haz noet bin jwzd lm jtm astchdamh.

We We have not been invited. wj haf noet bin invajtid lm ttm dawtna.

They They have not been invited. dhei haf noet bin invajtid lm ttm dawthm.

have not → haven't — hafant

has not → hasn't — hazant

8. almadj altam almbnj llmdjhwl — negation

på arabiska: subjekt + had + not + been + V3

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + had + noet + bin + wie thrj

pronomen exempel Arabisk uttal betydelse

I I had not been invited. ai had noet bin invajtid lm tkn kd tmt dawtj.

You You had not been invited. joe had noet bin invajtid lm tkn kd tmt dawtk.

He He had not been invited. hie had noet bin invajtid lm tkn kd tmt dawth.

She She had not been invited. shie had noet bin invajtid lm tkn kd tmt dawtha.

We We had not been invited. wj had noet bin invajtid lm tkn kd tmt dawtna.

They They had not been invited. dhei had noet bin invajtid lm tkn kd tmt dawthm.

had not → hadn't — hadant

9. almstkbl altam almbnj llmdjhwl — negation

på arabiska: subjekt + will + not + have + been + V3

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + wil + noet + haf + bin + wie thrj

pronomen exempel Arabisk uttal betydelse

I I will not have been invited. ai wil noet haf bin invajtid ln tkwn kd tmt dawtj.

You You will not have been invited. joe wil noet haf bin invajtid ln tkwn kd tmt dawtk.

He He will not have been invited. hie wil noet haf bin invajtid ln tkwn kd tmt dawth.

She She will not have been invited. shie wil noet haf bin invajtid ln tkwn kd tmt dawtha.

We We will not have been invited. wj wil noet haf bin invajtid ln tkwn kd tmt dawtna.

They They will not have been invited. dhei wil noet haf bin invajtid ln tkwn kd tmt dawthm.

10. almdara altam almstmr almbnj llmdjhwl — negation

på arabiska: subjekt + have/has + not + been + being + V3

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + haf/haz + noet + bin + bjngh + wie thrj

pronomen exempel Arabisk uttal betydelse

I I have not been being invited. ai haf noet bin bjngh invajtid lm akn hala ttm fjha dawtj bastmrar.

You You have not been being invited. joe haf noet bin bjngh invajtid lm tkn hala ttm fjha dawtk bastmrar.

He He has not been being invited. hie haz noet bin bjngh invajtid lm jkn hala ttm fjha dawth bastmrar.

She She has not been being invited. shie haz noet bin bjngh invajtid lm tkn hala ttm fjha dawtha bastmrar.

We We have not been being invited. wj haf noet bin bjngh invajtid lm nkn hala ttm fjha dawtna bastmrar.

They They have not been being invited. dhei haf noet bin bjngh invajtid lm jkwnwa hala ttm fjha dawthm bastmrar.

⚠️ hdha altrkjb nadr djdana Engels alhdjtha wghalbana joeaad sjaghth.

11. almadj altam almstmr almbnj llmdjhwl — negation

på arabiska: subjekt + had + not + been + being + V3

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + had + noet + bin + bjngh + wie thrj

pronomen exempel Arabisk uttal betydelse

I I had not been being invited. ai had noet bin bjngh invajtid lm akn hala ttm fjha dawtj bastmrar.

You You had not been being invited. joe had noet bin bjngh invajtid lm tkn hala ttm fjha dawtk bastmrar.

He He had not been being invited. hie had noet bin bjngh invajtid lm jkn hala ttm fjha dawth bastmrar.

She She had not been being invited. shie had noet bin bjngh invajtid lm tkn hala ttm fjha dawtha bastmrar.

We We had not been being invited. wj had noet bin bjngh invajtid lm nkn hala ttm fjha dawtna bastmrar.

They They had not been being invited. dhei had noet bin bjngh invajtid lm jkwnwa hala ttm fjha dawthm bastmrar.

⚠️ hdha alsjkl nadr djdana.

12. almstkbl altam almstmr almbnj llmdjhwl — negation

på arabiska: subjekt + will + not + have + been + being + V3

Uttal av formen: subdzjekt + wil + noet + haf + bin + bjngh + wie thrj

pronomen exempel Arabisk uttal betydelse

I I will not have been being invited. ai wil noet haf bin bjngh invajtid ln akwn kd knt hala ttm fjha dawtj bastmrar.

You You will not have been being invited. joe wil noet haf bin bjngh invajtid ln tkwn kd knt hala ttm fjha dawtk bastmrar.

He He will not have been being invited. hie wil noet haf bin bjngh invajtid ln jkwn kd kan hala ttm fjha dawth bastmrar.

She She will not have been being invited. shie wil noet haf bin bjngh invajtid ln tkwn kd kent hala ttm fjha dawtha bastmrar.

We We will not have been being invited. wj wil noet haf bin bjngh invajtid ln nkwn kd kna hala ttm fjha dawtna bastmrar.

They They will not have been being invited. dhei wil noet haf bin bjngh invajtid ln jkwnwa kd kanwa hala ttm fjha dawthm bastmrar.

⚠️ hdha nadr llghaja wmn alafdl aadaan iaada sjaghth.

no + noun

term på arabiska grammatisk bildning på arabiska uttal av formen betydelse

substantiv mfrd madwd no + substantiv mfrd noe + nawn no book noe bwk la jwdjd boek

substantiv djma no + substantiv djma noe + blwral nawn no books noe bwks la twdjd ktb

substantiv madwd no + substantiv madwd noe + ankawntaboel nawn no water noe wwtr la jwdjd maa

wdjwd sjja there is + no + substantiv mfrd/ madwd dhjr iz + noe + nawn There is no book. dhjr iz noe bwk la jwdjd boek

wdjwd asjjaa there are + no + substantiv djma dhjr ar + noe + blwral nawn There are no books. dhjr ar noe bwks la twdjd ktb

ägande have/has + no + substantiv haf/haz + noe + nawn I have no books. ai haf noe bwks ljs ldj ktb

8- alaasjilaaoe

1 almdara albsjt Do/Does + subjekt + V1 ...? — dw/daz + subdzjekt + wie wan — Do you work? — dw joe wirk — hl taml

2 almadj albsjt Did + subjekt + V1 ...? — did + subdzjekt + wie wan — Did you work? — did joe wirk — hl amlt

3 almstkbl albsjt Will + subjekt + V1 ...? — wil + subdzjekt + wie wan — Will you work? — wil joe wirk — hl staml

4 almdara almstmr Am/Is/Are + subjekt + V-ing ...? — am/iz/ar + subdzjekt + wie iingh — Are you working? — ar joe wirkingh — hl taml alaan

5 almadj almstmr Was/Were + subjekt + V-ing ...? — waz/wur + subdzjekt + wie iingh — Were you working? — wur joe wirkingh — hl knt taml

6 almstkbl almstmr Will + subjekt + be + V-ing ...? — wil + subdzjekt + bie + wie iingh — Will you be working? — wil joe bie wirkingh — hl stkwn taml

7 almdara altam Have/Has + subjekt + V3 ...? — haf/haz + subdzjekt + wie thrj — Have you worked? — haf joe wirkt — hl amlt

8 almadj altam Had + subjekt + V3 ...? — had + subdzjekt + wie thrj — Had you worked? — had joe wirkt — hl knt kd amlt

9 almstkbl altam Will + subjekt + have + V3 ...? — wil + subdzjekt + haf + wie thrj — Will you have worked? — wil joe haf wirkt — hl stkwn kd amlt

10 almdara altam almstmr Have/Has + subjekt + been + V-ing ...? — haf/haz + subdzjekt + bin + wie iingh — Have you been working? — haf joe bin wirkingh — hl knt taml / hl taml mndh ftra

11 almadj altam almstmr Had + subjekt + been + V-ing ...? — had + subdzjekt + bin + wie iingh — Had you been working? — had joe bin wirkingh — hl knt taml lftra

12 almstkbl altam almstmr Will + subjekt + have + been + V-ing ...? — wil + subdzjekt + haf + bin + wie iingh — Will you have been working? — wil joe haf bin wirkingh — hl stkwn kd amlt lmda

term på arabiska grammatisk bildning på arabiska uttal på engelska med arabiska bokstäver

swal sjja What + msaad + subjekt + fal wat + auksiljeri + subdzjekt + virb

swal sjchs konderwerp Who + fal hww + virb

swal sjchs kmfawl Who/Whom + msaad + subjekt + fal hww/hwm + auksiljeri + subdzjekt + virb

swal mkan Where + msaad + subjekt + fal wijr + auksiljeri + subdzjekt + virb

swal zman When + msaad + subjekt + fal win + auksiljeri + subdzjekt + virb

swal sbb Why + msaad + subjekt + fal waj + auksiljeri + subdzjekt + virb

swal achtjar Which + substantiv + msaad + subjekt + fal witsj + nawn + auksiljeri + subdzjekt + virb

swal bezit Whose + substantiv + ... hwz + nawn + ...

swal altrjka How + msaad + subjekt + fal haw + auksiljeri + subdzjekt + virb

swal telwoord How many + substantiv djma + ... haw minj + blwral nawn + ...

swal alkmja How much + substantiv madwd + ... haw matsj + ankawntaboel nawn + ...

swal almda How long + ... haw lwngh + ...

swal altkrar How often + ... haw awfin + ...

swal almsafa How far + ... haw far + ...

alasasja

mazm WH ttba:

WH-word + auxiliary + subject + main verb?

dbljw itsj wird + auksiljeri + subdzjekt + mjn virb

:

Where + do + you + live?

wijr + dw + joe + liv

= ajn tajsj

lkn idha kent WH-word nfsha hie subjekt fplaatsen we niet aadaan do/does/did:

Who + works here?

hww wirks hjr

= man jaml hna

whdha hw alfrk alasasj :

Who did you see? → hww did joe sj → man rajt

Who saw you? → hww sw jw → man raak

8- alzoeroewfoe

. zrwf altkrar

type in het Arabisch grammatisk bildning på arabiska Arabische uitspraak van de Engelse vorm bijwoord Arabische uitspraak betekenis

altkrar aldajm zrf tkrar + djmla adfirb aoef frjkwinsj + sintans always awlwjz dajmana

altkrar sjbh aldajm zrf tkrar + djmla adfirb aoef frjkwinsj + sintans usually joewdjoewalj aadaan

altkrar ghalbana zrf tkrar + djmla adfirb aoef frjkwinsj + sintans normally nwrmalj aadaan / bsjkl tbjaj

altkrar ghalbana zrf tkrar + djmla adfirb aoef frjkwinsj + sintans generally djinaralj amwmana

altkrar ghalbana zrf tkrar + djmla adfirb aoef frjkwinsj + sintans frequently frjkwintlj bsjkl mtkrr

altkrar ahjanana zrf tkrar + djmla adfirb aoef frjkwinsj + sintans often awfin ghalbana / kthjrana

altkrar ahjanana zrf tkrar + djmla adfirb aoef frjkwinsj + sintans sometimes samtajmz ahjanana

altkrar nadrana zrf tkrar + djmla adfirb aoef frjkwinsj + sintans occasionally aakjdjanalj hjn laachr

altkrar nadrana zrf tkrar + djmla adfirb aoef frjkwinsj + sintans rarely rjrlj nadrana

altkrar alnadr djdana zrf tkrar + djmla adfirb aoef frjkwinsj + sintans seldom sildam nadrana

adm altkrar zrf tkrar + djmla adfirb aoef frjkwinsj + sintans never nivar abdana

:

I always study English.

ai awlwjz stadj inghlisj.

ana adrs Engels dajmana.

2. zrwf

type in het Arabisch grammatisk bildning på arabiska Arabische uitspraak van de Engelse vorm bijwoord Arabische uitspraak betekenis

alhalj zrf zmn tajm adfirb now naw alaan

alhalj zrf zmn tajm adfirb currently karantlj haljana

alhalj zrf zmn tajm adfirb presently brizintlj haljana

almadj alkrjb zrf zmn tajm adfirb recently rjsantlj mwchrana

almadj zrf zmn tajm adfirb yesterday jistardaj ams

almadj zrf zmn tajm adfirb before bifo:r

almadj zrf zmn tajm adfirb previously brjvjaslj sabkana

almadj zrf zmn tajm adfirb formerly fwrmarlj sabkana

almstmr zrf zmn tajm adfirb still stil la jzal / ma zal

almstkbl zrf zmn tajm adfirb soon swn krjbana

almstkbl zrf zmn tajm adfirb later ljtar lahkana

almstkbl zrf zmn tajm adfirb eventually ivintsjoewalj alnhaja / nhaja almtaf

almbkr zrf zmn tajm adfirb early irlj mbkrana

almtachr zrf zmn tajm adfirb late ljt mtachrana

albdaja zrf zmn tajm adfirb first first awlana

alnhaja zrf zmn tajm adfirb finally fajnalj achjrana

alastmrar zrf zmn tajm adfirb meanwhile mjnwajl hdhh alathnaa

alttaba zrf zmn tajm adfirb then dhin thm / andjdh

alttaba zrf zmn tajm adfirb afterward aaftrwrd dhlk

alttaba zrf zmn tajm adfirb afterwards aaftrwrdz dhlk

alttaba zrf zmn tajm adfirb subsequently sabsikwintlj lahkana / dhlk

3. zrwf almrtbta balmda walastmrar

bijwoord Arabische uitspraak betekenis

already awlrjdj bwerkwoord / msbkana

yet jit / hta alaan

still stil ma zal

just djast lltw/alleen (staat vóór het werkwoord)

ever ivar aj wkt /

never nivar abdana

once wans mra wahda / dhet mra

twice twajs mrtjn

again aaghjn mra achra

again and again aaghjn aand aaghjn mrarana wtkrarana

forever foerivar alabd

temporarily timbararilj mwktana

permanently birmanantlj bsjkl dajm

:

She has already finished.

shie haz awlrjdj finisjt.

lkd antht bwerkwoord.

4. zrwf almkan

bijwoord Arabische uitspraak betekenis

here hjr hna

there dhjr hnak

everywhere ivrjwijr kl mkan

somewhere samwijr mkan ma

anywhere inj wijr aj mkan

nowhere nwwijr la mkan

abroad abrwd alchardj

overseas awvarsjz alchardj / wraa albhar

nearby njrbaj balkrb

close klws balkrb

far far bajdana

away awaj bajdana

back bak alchlf / aajdana

forward fwrward alamam

backward bakward alchlf

indoors indwrz aldachl

outdoors aawtdwrz alchardj

upstairs aabstjrz altabk alalwj

downstairs dawnstjrz altabk alsflj

inside insajd aldachl

outside aawtsajd alchardj

5. zrwf aldrdja

hdhh mhma djdana lanha thdd mda kwa bijvoeglijk naamwoord aw werkwoord aw bijwoord.

bijwoord Arabische uitspraak betekenis

very virj djdana

really rjalj hkana / djdana

extremely ikstrjmlj llghaja

highly hajlj bdrdja aalja

absolutely absalwtlj tmamana / bsjkl mtlk

completely kambljtlj tmamana

totally twtalj tmamana

entirely intajrlj balkaml

fully foelj balkaml

quite kwajt hd ma / djdana bhsb alsjak

rather radhar hd ma / nwaana ma

fairly fjrlj hd ma

pretty brjtj hd kbjr

somewhat samwat hd ma

slightly slajtlj kljlana

a little uh litil kljlana

too tw akthr allazm

enough inaf bma jkfj

almost awlmwst tkrjbana

nearly njrlj tkrjbana

barely bjrlj balkad

hardly hardlj balkad

scarcely skjrslj balkad

deeply djblj bamk / bsjda

greatly ghrjtlj bdrdja kbjra

so sw djdana / hdha alhd

such satsj zoals hdha / hdha alhd

a lot uh lot erg

a bit uh bit en bit

a little uh litil bit en liten bit

:

The movie is extremely interesting.

dha mwvj ikstrjmlj intristingh.

alfjlm mmta llghaja.

6. zrwf alahtmal waljkjn

bijwoord Arabische uitspraak betekenis

certainly sirtanlj baltakjd

definitely difinitlj baltakjd

surely sjwrlj baltakjd

probably brabablj alardjh

possibly basablj almhtml

perhaps brhabs rbma

maybe mjbj rbma

apparently aabarantlj ma jbdw

evidently ividantlj alwadh / ma jbdw

clearly kljrlj bwdwh

obviously aabvjaslj alwadh

presumably brizwmablj alardjh / almftrd

supposedly sabwzidlj almftrd / hsb ma joekal

undoubtedly aandawtidlj bla sjk

arguably aarghjoewablj jmkn alkwl in

likely lajklj alardjh

unlikely aanlajklj almrdjh

7. zrwf almwkf aw wdjha nzr almthdth

hdhh tsma ahjanana sentence adverbs / stance adverbs lanha tabr mwkf almthdth tdjah zin klha.

bijwoord Arabische uitspraak betekenis

fortunately fwrtsjanatlj lhsn alhz

unfortunately aanfwrtsjanatlj lswa alhz

luckily lakilj lhsn alhz

sadly sadlj llasf / bhzn

honestly aanistlj bsraha

frankly franklj bsraha

personally birsanalj sjchsjana

seriously sjrijaslj bdjdja

technically tikniklj alnahja altknja

basically bjsiklj bsjkl asasj

generally djinaralj amwmana

normally nwrmalj aadaan

naturally natsjaralj btbjaa alhal

ideally aajdjjalj alnahja voorbeeldja

theoretically thjaritiklj nzrjana

practically braktiklj amljana

politically baljtiklj sjasjana

economically ijkanwmiklj aktsadjana

personally birsanalj sjchsjana

surprisingly sarbrajzinghlj bsjkl mfadjj

strangely strjndjlj bsjkl ghrjb

interestingly intristinghlj wmn almthjr llahtmam

importantly imbwrtantlj walahm dhlk

especially isbisjalj chswsana

particularly birtikjwlarlj bsjkl chas

8. zrwf altrkjz

bijwoord Arabische uitspraak betekenis

only awnlj fkt

just djast fkt / lltw

even ijvin hta

also awlsw ajdana

too tw ajdana

as well az wil ajdana

mainly mjnlj bsjkl rjjsj

mostly mwstlj alghalb

merely mjrlj mdjrd

simply simblj bbsata / fkt

particularly birtikjwlarlj chswsana

especially isbisjalj chswsana

exactly ikzaktlj baldbt

precisely brisajslj bdka / baldbt

specifically sbisifiklj thdjdana

solely swllj fkt / hsrjana

largely lardjlj hd kbjr

even ijvin hta

indeed indjd bwerkwoord / hkana

:

Only John knows the answer.

awnlj djwn nwz dhj aansar.

djwn whdh jarf alidjaba.

9. zrwf negation

bijwoord Arabische uitspraak betekenis

not noet ljs / la

never nivar abdana

nowhere nwwijr la mkan

hardly hardlj balkad

scarcely skjrslj balkad

barely bjrlj balkad

rarely rjrlj nadrana

seldom sildam nadrana

mlahza mhma:

not hw adaa negation alasasja:

I do not work.

ai dw noet wirk.

ana la aaml.

10. zrwf alntjdja aw alastntadj

bijwoord Arabische uitspraak betekenis

therefore dhjrfwr ldhlk / wbaltalj

thus dhas whkdha / wbaltalj

consequently kwnsikwintlj wbaltalj

accordingly aakwrdinghlj wfkana ldhlk

hence hins wmn thm

otherwise aadharwaajz wila / bchlaf dhlk

:

He was sick; therefore, he stayed home.

hie waz sik dhjrfwr hie stajd hwm.

kan mrjdana wldhlk bkj huis.

11. zrwf genitiv

bijwoord Arabische uitspraak betekenis

also awlsw ajdana

too tw ajdana

additionally aadisjanalj bgenitief dhlk

moreover mwrawvar alawa dhlk

furthermore firdharmwr bgenitief dhlk

besides bisaids bgenitief dhlk

likewise lajkwajz wbalzoals

similarly similarlj balzoals

12. zrwf almkarna waltsjabh

bijwoord Arabische uitspraak betekenis

similarly similarlj balzoals

likewise lajkwajz balzoals

equally ijkwalj baltsawj

similarly similarlj bsjkl msjabh

comparatively kambarativlj balmkarna

relatively rjlativlj nsbjana

correspondingly kwrisbwndinghlj bswra mtnasba

13. zrwf alrbt waltnzjm

toestchdm lrbt alafkar wtnzjm .

bijwoord Arabische uitspraak betekenis

however hawivar lkn / wma dhlk

therefore dhjrfwr ldhlk

moreover mwrawvar alawa dhlk

furthermore firdharmwr bgenitief dhlk

nevertheless nivadhardhalis dhlk

nonetheless nandhalis dhlk

meanwhile mjnwajl hdhh alathnaa

instead instid bdlana dhlk

otherwise aadharwaajz wila / bchlaf dhlk

consequently kwnsikwintlj wbaltalj

subsequently sabsikwintlj dhlk

alternatively awltirnativlj bdjlana dhlk

finally fajnalj achjrana

firstly firstlj awlana

secondly sikndlj thanjana

thirdly thirdlj thalthana

next nikst dhlk

then dhin thm

afterward aaftrwrd dhlk

14. zrwf

hdhh toestchdm ltkwjn WH aw altrjka waldrdja walmda waltkrar.

woord Arabische uitspraak betekenis

how haw kjf

when win mta

where wijr ajn

why waj lmadha

how much haw matsj km / ma mkdar

how many haw minj km add

how often haw awfin km mra

how long haw lwngh km alwkt

how far haw far km almsafa

how soon haw swn km krjbana / mta krjbana

how well haw wil aj mda bsjkl djjd

how quickly haw kwiklie km bsraa

:

How often do you exercise?

haw awfin dw joe iksrsajz

km mra ttmrn

15. zrwf altrjka

tsf kjf jhdth werkwoord.

bijwoord Arabische uitspraak betekenis

quickly kwiklie bsraa

slowly slwlj bbta

carefully kjrfoelj bhdhr

easily ijzjlj bshwla

badly badlj bsjkl sjj

well wil djjdana

clearly kljrlj bwdwh

quietly kwajatlj bhdwa

loudly lawdlj bswt aalin

secretly sjkritlj srana

openly awbinlj alnana

together taghidhar maana

apart aabart mnfsljn

directly diriktlj mbasjra

indirectly indiriktlj bsjkl mbasjr

deliberately diljbaratlj amdana

accidentally aksidintalj balsdfa

carefully kjrfoelj banaja

successfully saksisfoelj bndjah

differently difrantlj bsjkl mchtlf

16. zrwf altwka

bijwoord Arabische uitspraak betekenis

hopefully hwbfoelj naml an / aml

presumably brizwmablj aftrad

supposedly sabwzidlj hsb ma joeftrd

predictably bridiktablj bswra mtwkaa

unexpectedly aanksbjktidlj bsjkl mtwka

inevitably iinivitablj htmana / la mhala

eventually ivintsjoewalj nhaja almtaf

17. zrwf altrtjb

bijwoord Arabische uitspraak betekenis

first first awlana

firstly firstlj awlana

second siknd thanjana

secondly sikndlj thanjana

third third thalthana

thirdly thirdlj thalthana

next nikst dhlk

then dhin thm

finally fajnalj achjrana

lastly lastlj achjrana

18. zrwf altwkjd

bijwoord Arabische uitspraak betekenis

certainly sirtanlj baltakjd

definitely difinitlj baltakjd

indeed indjd bwerkwoord

really rjalj hkana

truly trwlj hkana

absolutely absalwtlj tmamana

actually aaktsjoewalj alwaka

literally litaralj hrfjana

genuinely djinjoewinlj bsdk / hkana

clearly kljrlj bwdwh

obviously aabvjaslj alwadh

surely sjwrlj baltakjd

right (kommer före adverbet) rait precis

19. zrwf altshjh waltwdjh

bijwoord Arabische uitspraak betekenis

actually aaktsjoewalj alwaka

really rjalj alhkjka

rather radhar balahra

instead instid bdlana dhlk

specifically sbisifiklj thdjdana

precisely brisajslj bdka

exactly ikzaktlj baldbt

namely njmlj aj / thdjdana

simply simblj bbsata

basically bjsiklj bsjkl asasj

20. zrwf altkrjb

bijwoord Arabische uitspraak betekenis

almost awlmwst tkrjbana

nearly njrlj tkrjbana

approximately abroeksimatlj tkrjbana

roughly raflj tkrjbana

about abawt hwalj

around arawnd hwalj

virtually virtsjoewalj tkrjbana / amljana

practically braktiklj tkrjbana / amljana

roughly raflj bsjkl tkrjbj

21. zrwf alastthnaa

bijwoord Arabische uitspraak betekenis

only awnlj fkt

merely mjrlj mdjrd

solely swllj fkt / hsrjana

exclusively iksklwsivlj hsrjana

otherwise aadharwaajz wila

apart aabart bastthnaa / mnfslana

22. zrwf alsjmwl

bijwoord Arabische uitspraak betekenis

altogether awltaghidhar kljana / idjmalana

entirely intajrlj balkaml

completely kambljtlj tmamana

fully foelj balkaml

wholly hwlj kljana

universally joewnivirsalj bsjkl sjaml / aalmjana

23. zrwf alalaka zin walmalwma

hdhh ahm sentence adverbs:

bijwoord Arabische uitspraak betekenis

actually aaktsjoewalj alwaka

apparently aabarantlj ma jbdw

certainly sirtanlj baltakjd

clearly kljrlj bwdwh

definitely difinitlj baltakjd

evidently ividantlj alwadh

fortunately fwrtsjanatlj lhsn alhz

frankly franklj bsraha

generally djinaralj amwmana

honestly aanistlj bsraha

ideally aajdjjalj alnahja voorbeeldja

indeed indjd bwerkwoord

naturally natsjaralj btbjaa alhal

obviously aabvjaslj alwadh

personally birsanalj sjchsjana

perhaps brhabs rbma

probably brabablj alardjh

seriously sjrijaslj bdjdja

surely sjwrlj baltakjd

surprisingly sarbrajzinghlj bsjkl mfadjj

theoretically thjaritiklj nzrjana

unfortunately aanfwrtsjanatlj lswa alhz

type in het Arabisch grammatisk bildning på arabiska Arabische uitspraak van de Engelse vorm voorbeeld Arabische uitspraak betekenis

bijwoord bijvoeglijk naamwoord – altrjka alasasja bijvoeglijk naamwoord + -ly edzjektief + lj quick → quickly kwik → kwiklie srja → bsraa

bijvoeglijk naamwoord almnthja b y hdhf y + -ily edzjektief − waj + ijlj happy → happily habj → habilj sajd → bsaada

bijvoeglijk naamwoord almnthja b -le hdhf e + -y edzjektief − ij + waj gentle → gently djintal → djintlj ltjf → bltf

bijvoeglijk naamwoord almnthja b -ic bijvoeglijk naamwoord + -ally edzjektief + aallj basic → basically bjsik → bjsiklj asasj → bsjkl asasj

sommige bijvoeglijke naamwoorden almnthja b -ic bijvoeglijk naamwoord + -ally edzjektief + aallj dramatic → dramatically dramatik → dramatiklj dramj → bsjkl dramj

sommige bijvoeglijke naamwoorden almnthja b -ue bijvoeglijk naamwoord + -ly edzjektief + lj true → truly trw → trwlj hkjkj → hkana

bijvoeglijk naamwoord almnthja b -ll bijvoeglijk naamwoord + -y edzjektief + waj full → fully foel → foelj kaml → balkaml

sfa la ttghjr nfs woord sjm wird fast → fast fast → fast srja → bsraa

sfa la ttghjr nfs woord sjm wird hard → hard hard → hard sab/bdjd → bdjd

sfa la ttghjr nfs woord sjm wird late → late ljt → ljt mtachr → mtachrana

sfa la ttghjr nfs woord sjm wird early → early irlj → irlj mbkr → mbkrana

zrf mntzm sjkl chas ijrighjwlar fwrm good → well ghoed → wil djjd → djjdana

zrf msjtk substantiv substantiv + -ward/-wards nawn + wwrd/wwrdz home → homeward hwm → hwmward huis → nhw huis

zrf msjtk substantiv substantiv + -wise nawn + wajz clock → clockwise klwk → klwkwajz alsaaa → batdjah akarb alsaaa

zrf mrkb klma + klma wird + wird somehow samaw btrjka ma

zrf mrkb klma + klma wird + wird everywhere ivrjwijr kl mkan

abara zrfja klma/abara + substantiv aw hrf djr adfirbjal frjz in the morning in dha mwrnjngh alsbah

9- aadawaatoe alrabti

. adwat nevenschikking almtsawja — Coordinating Conjunctions

hdhh trbt anasr mtsawja nhwjana.

adaa alrbt Arabiskt uttal betydelse

and aand w

but bat lkn

or awr aw

nor nwr wla

for foor lan / idh

yet jit lkn / wma dhlk

so sw ldhlk / ldha

FANBOYS

For — foor

And — aand

Nor — nwr

But — bat

Or — awr

Yet — jit

So — sw

I was tired, but I worked.

ai waz tajrd bat ai wirkt.

knt mtabana lknnj amlt.

2. adwat alrbt altabaa — Subordinating Conjunctions

hdhh trbt djmla tabaa bdjmla rjjsja.

alsbb

adaa alrbt Arabiskt uttal betydelse

because/cause bikwz/kwz lan

since sins lan / bma an

as az lan / bma an

seeing that sjjngh dhet nzrana lan

seeing as sjjngh az bma an

now that naw dhet bma an / alaan an

given that ghivin dhet nzrana lan

considering that kansidaringh dhet balnzr an

inasmuch as in az matsj az bkdr ma / nzrana lan

insofar as insw far az bkdr ma / hjth in

insomuch as insamatsj az hd an

in that in dhet hjth in

I stayed home because I was tired.

ai stajd hwm bikwz ai waz tajrd.

bkjt huis lannj knt mtabana.

3. adwat voorwaarde

adaa alrbt Arabiskt uttal betydelse

if iif idha

unless aanlis ma lm / ila idha

provided bravajdid bsjrt an

provided that bravajdid dhet bsjrt an

providing bravajdingh bsjrt an

providing that bravajdingh dhet bsjrt an

as long as az lwngh az talma / bsjrt an

so long as sw lwngh az talma

on condition that awn kandisjan dhet bsjrt an

in case in kjs hala an / thsbana l

in the event that in dhj ivint dhet hal an

assuming that aaswmingh dhet baftrad an

supposing that sabwzingh dhet aftrad an

suppose that sabwz dhet aftrd an

given that ghivin dhet balnzr an

granted that ghrantid dhet hta altsljm ban

granting that ghrantingh dhet hta altsljm ban

If you study, you will learn.

if joe stadj joe wil lirn.

idha drst fswf ttalm.

4. adwat altbajn waltnazl

adaa alrbt Arabiskt uttal betydelse

although awldhw rghm an / an

though dhw rghm an / an

even though ijvin dhw rghm an

even if ijvin iif hta loo

whereas wijraz bjnma / hjn an

while wajl bjnma / hjn an

whilst wajlst bjnma

albeit awlbjit rghm an / win kan

much as matsj az rghm an

however much hawivar matsj mhma kan mkdar

no matter how noe matar haw mhma kent altrjka/aldrdja

no matter what noe matar wat mhma kan

no matter who noe matar hww mhma kan persoon

no matter where noe matar wijr ajnma

no matter when noe matar win mta ma

no matter which noe matar witsj ajana kan

Even though he was tired, he continued.

ijvin dhw hie waz tajrd hie kantinjwd.

rghm anh kan mtabana astmr.

5. adwat

adaa alrbt Arabiskt uttal betydelse

when win andma

whenever winivar klma / mta ma

while wajl bjnma

whilst wajlst bjnma

before bifo:r an

after aaftr an

until / till / 'til / 'till ən-TIL / TIL / TIL / TIL totdat / tot

since sins mndh an

once wans bmdjrd an

as soon as az swn az bmdjrd an

as long as az lwngh az talma

so long as sw lwngh az talma

by the time bai dha tajm bhlwl alwkt aldhj

every time evrie tajm kl mra

each time ijtsj tajm kl mra

the moment dha mwmant allhza altj

the minute dha minit bmdjrd an

the instant dhj instant bmdjrd an

directly diriktlj bmdjrd an

immediately imjdjatlj bmdjrd an

hardly ... when hardlj ... win ma in ... hta

scarcely ... when skjrslj ... win ma in ... hta

no sooner ... than noe swnar ... dhan ma in ... hta

Call me when you arrive.

kwl mie win joe aarajv.

atsl bie andma tsl.

6. adwat doel

adaa alrbt Arabiskt uttal betydelse

so that sw dhet lkj / hta

in order that in awrdar dhet lkj

lest list ljla / chsjja an

for fear that foor fjr dhet chwfana an

in case in kjs thsbana lan

I studied hard so that I could pass.

ai stadijd hard sw dhet ai koed bas.

drst bdjd lkj atmkn alndjah.

7. adwat alntjdja

adaa Arabiskt uttal betydelse

so ... that sw ... dhet ldrdja an

such ... that satsj ... dhet ldrdja an

so that sw dhet bhjth / bhjth in

such that satsj dhet bhjth in

He was so tired that he slept immediately.

hie waz sw tajrd dhet hie slibt imjdjatlj.

kan mtabana djdana ldrdja anh nam fwrana.

8. adwat almkarna

adaa Arabiskt uttal betydelse

than dhan

as ... as az ... az zoals / bkdr

not as ... as noet az ... az ljs bkdr

as if az iif kma loo an

as though az dhw kma loo an

just as djast az tmamana kma

the more ... the more dha mwr ... dha mwr klma ... klma

the more ... the less dha mwr ... dha lis klma zad ... kl

the less ... the more dha lis ... dha mwr klma kl ... zad

the less ... the less dha lis ... dha lis klma kl ... kl

She is taller than I am.

shie iz toeler dhan ai am.

hie atwl mnj.

9. adwat altrjka aw altsjbjh

adaa Arabiskt uttal betydelse

as az kma

as if az iif kma loo an

as though az dhw kma loo an

just as djast az tmamana kma

the way dha waj baltrjka altj

in the way that in dha waj dhet baltrjka altj

however hawivar mhma / baj trjka

however you hawivar joe mhma / kjfma

He talks as if he knows everything.

hie twks az iif hie nwz ivrjthingh.

jthdth kma loo anh jarf kl sjja.

10. adwat alachtjar

adaa Arabiskt uttal betydelse

or awr aw

either ... or ijdhar ... awr ima ... aw

whether ... or widhar ... awr swaa ... am

whether ... or not widhar ... awr noet swaa ... am la

Either you come or I leave.

ijdhar joe kam awr ai lief.

ima an tatj aw aghadr.

11. adwat alrbt almzdwdja

Correlative Conjunctions

Arabiskt uttal betydelse

both ... and bwth ... aand klahma ... w

either ... or ijdhar ... awr ima ... aw

neither ... nor njdhar ... nwr la ... wla

not only ... but also noet awnlj ... bat awlsw ljs fkt ... bl ajdana

whether ... or widhar ... awr swaa ... am

whether ... or not widhar ... awr noet swaa ... am la

rather ... than radhar ... dhan bdlana

no sooner ... than noe swnar ... dhan ma in ... hta

hardly ... when hardlj ... win ma in ... hta

scarcely ... when skjrslj ... win ma in ... hta

barely ... when bjrlj ... win ma in ... hta

the more ... the more dha mwr ... dha mwr klma ... klma

the more ... the less dha mwr ... dha lis klma zad ... kl

the less ... the more dha lis ... dha mwr klma kl ... zad

the less ... the less dha lis ... dha lis klma kl ... kl

12. adwat alrbt alchasa bgenitief

adaa Arabiskt uttal betydelse

and aand w

as well as az wil az bgenitief

not to mention noet tw minsjan nahjk

besides bisaids bgenitief

let alone lit alwn nahjk

much less matsj lis nahjk

to say nothing of tw saj nathingh aoev nahjk

apart from aabart fram bgenitief / bastthnaa

aside from aasajd fram bgenitief / bastthnaa

vissa hdhh altrakjb jmkn an tkwn prepositional phrases aw trakjb rbt hsb astchdamha ldhlk la toesnaf djmjaha conjunctions bbetydelse aldjk.

13. adwat alastthnaa

adaa Arabiskt uttal betydelse

except that iksibt dhet bastthnaa an

except when iksibt win bastthnaa andma

except if iksibt iif ila idha

save that siev dhet bastthnaa an

but that bat dhet ila an

unless aanlis ila idha / ma lm

14. adwat alaftrad

adaa Arabiskt uttal betydelse

assuming that aaswmingh dhet baftrad an

supposing that sabwzingh dhet aftrad an

suppose that sabwz dhet aftrd an

presuming that brizwmingh dhet baftrad an

provided that bravajdid dhet bsjrt an

providing that bravajdingh dhet bsjrt an

given that ghivin dhet balnzr an

granting that ghrantingh dhet hta altsljm ban

granted that ghrantid dhet hta altsljm ban

15. adwat alachtjar alhr

adaa Arabiskt uttal betydelse

whoever hwwivar aj sjchs / kan

whomever hwmivar aj sjchs jka aljh werkwoord

whatever wativar aj sjja / mhma kan

whichever witsjivar ajana kan

wherever wijrivar ajnma

whenever winivar mta ma / klma

however hawivar kjfma / mhma

Whoever comes can enter.

hwwivar kamz kan intar.

aj sjchs jatj jmknh aldchwl.

Whatever you choose is fine.

wativar joe tsjwz iz fajn.

ajana kan ma tchtarh fhw mnasb.

16. trakjb alrbt alkdjma aw alrsmja djdana

hdhh mwdjwda Engels lknha ljst sjajaa idag:

aladaa Arabiskt uttal betydelse

albeit awlbjit rghm an

albeit that awlbjit dhet rghm an

albeit when awlbjit win rghm anh andma

albeit with awlbjit widh rghm anh

insofar as insw far az bkdr ma

inasmuch as in az matsj az nzrana lan

insomuch as insamatsj az hd an

notwithstanding that nwtwidhstandingh dhet rghm an

whereas wijraz hjn an

whilst wajlst bjnma

lest list ljla

save that siev dhet bastthnaa an

provided that bravajdid dhet bsjrt an

supposing that sabwzingh dhet aftrad an

17. klmat tbdw k Conjunctions lknha alhkjka ghalbana ljst kdhlk

hdhh mhma djdana hta la nchlt bjnha wbjn adwat alrbt alhkjkja:

ord aluitspraak altsnjf alsjaja betydelse

however hawivar conjunctive adverb wma dhlk

therefore dhjrfwr conjunctive adverb ldhlk

moreover mwrawvar conjunctive adverb alawa dhlk

furthermore firdharmwr conjunctive adverb bgenitief dhlk

nevertheless nivadhardhalis conjunctive adverb dhlk

nonetheless nandhalis conjunctive adverb dhlk

consequently kwnsikwintlj conjunctive adverb wbaltalj

otherwise aadharwaajz conjunctive adverb wila

instead instid conjunctive adverb bdlana dhlk

meanwhile mjnwajl conjunctive adverb hdhh alathnaa

thus dhas conjunctive adverb wbaltalj / whkdha

hence hins conjunctive adverb wmn thm

som exempel:

I was tired; however, I worked.

ai waz tajrd hawivar ai wirkt.

knt mtabana wma dhlk amlt.

hna however ljst såsom but alnahja alnhwja.

la nkwl hdha alastchdam:

❌ I was tired, however I worked.

walsjgha altbjaja almajarja:

✅ I was tired, but I worked.

eller:

✅ I was tired; however, I worked.

if awnljIf only -> atmna

If only I played atmna labt

injwaj/injwajsAnyway/Anyways -> kl ahwal

10- (PREPOSITIONS)

alasasja

hrf Arabiskt uttal betydelse på arabiska fullständigt exempel Arabiskt uttal översättning

about abawt / We talked about the problem. wj twkt abawt dha brablim thdthna almsjkla.

above aabav / aala The lamp is above the table. dha lamb iz aabav dha tjboel almsbah de tafel.

across aakrws abr / aldjanb alaachr We walked across the street. wj wwkt aakrws dha strjt msjjna abr alsjara.

after aaftr We met after lunch. wj met aaftr lentsj altkjna alghdaa.

against egenst dd / mlaskana l The ladder is against the wall. dha ladar iz egenst dha wo:l alslm mlask lldjdar.

along aloong twl We walked along the river. wj wwkt aloong dha rivar msjjna twl alnhr.

amid emid wst / He stood amid the crowd. hie stwd emid dha krawd wkf wst alhsjd.

among emeng / wst mdjmwaa She was among friends. shie waz emeng frindz kent alasdkaa.

around eraunt We sat around the table. wj sat eraunt dha tjboel djlsna de tafel.

at et / and I am at school. ai am et skoel ana almdrsa.

before bifo:r Come before noon. kam bifo:r nwn taal alzhr.

behind bihaind chlf The car is behind the house. dha kaar iz bihaind dha haus bilen är bakom huset.

below biloo / asfl The temperature is below zero. dha timbratsjar iz biloo zjrw drdja alhrara alsfr.

beneath binies The keys are beneath the book. dha kiez ar binies dha bwk almfatjh het boek.

beside bisaid bdjanb Sit beside me. sit bisaid mie adjls bdjanbj.

besides bisaids bgenitief Besides English, she speaks Arabic. bisaids inghlisj shie sbjks aarabik bgenitief Engels tthdth .

between bitwjn athnjn / The shop is between two buildings. dha sjwb iz bitwjn tw bjldinghz almtdjr mbnjjn.

beyond bijwnd wraa / abad The village is beyond the mountain. dha vilidj iz bijwnd dha mawntin alkrja wraa aldjbl.

by bai bwasta / bdjanb / bhlwl The book was written by her. dha bwk waz ritin bai hur koetb het boek bwasttha.

concerning kan sjrningh bsjan / bchsws We talked concerning the project. wj twkt kan sjrningh dha brwdjikt thdthna bsjan almsjrwa.

despite disbajt rghm Despite the rain, we went out. disbajt dha rjn wj wint aawt rghm almtr chrdjna.

down dawn asfl He walked down the hill. hie wwkt dawn dha hil msja asfl altl.

during djwringh athnaa / chlal I slept during the flight. ai slibt djwringh dha flajt nmt athnaa alrhla.

except iksbt bastthnaa Everyone came except John. evrie wan kjm iksbt djwn djaa aldjmja bastthnaa djwn.

for foor l / adjl / lmda This gift is for you. dhis gift iz foor joe hdhh alcadeau lk.

from fram I came from Kuwait. ai kjm fram koewijt djjt alkwjt.

in in / dachl She is in the room. shie iz in dha rwm hie alghrfa.

inside insajd dachl The keys are inside the bag. dha kiez ar insajd dha bagh almfatjh dachl alhkjba.

into intw dachl He went into the room. hie wint intw dha rwm dchl alghrfa.

like lajk såsom He runs like a professional. hie ranz lajk uh brwfisjanal jrkd zoals mhtrf.

near njr balkrb I live near the school. ai lief njr dha skoel aajsj balkrb almdrsa.

of aav l / / chas b The door of the house is open. dha dwr aav dha haus iz awbin dörren van het huis mftwh.

off awf bajdana / Take your shoes off the table. tjk jwr sjwz awf dha tjboel abad hdhaak de tafel.

on awn The book is on the table. dha bwk iz awn dha tjboel Het boek ligt op de tafel.

onto awntw / The cat jumped onto the table. dha kat djambt awntw dha tjboel kfzt alkta de tafel.

opposite awbazit mkabl The bank is opposite the hotel. dha bank iz awbazit dha hwtil albnk mkabl alfndk.

out aawt chardj / chardj He went out the door. hie wint aawt dha dwr chrdj albab.

outside aawtsajd chardj They are outside the house. dhei ar aawtsajd dha haus hm chardj huset.

over awvar / abr The plane flew over the city. dha bljn flw awvar dha sitj tart altajra almdjna.

past bast / mtdjawzana We walked past the school. wj wwkt bast dha skoel msjjna mtdjawzjn almdrsa.

regarding rigardingh bchsws / fjma jtalk b I have a question regarding the plan. ai haf uh kwistsjan rigardingh dha blan ldj swal bchsws alchta.

round rawnd We walked round the park. wj wwkt rawnd dha bark msjjna alhdjka.

since sins mndh I have lived here since 2020. ai haf livd hjr sins tw thawzand toewintj aajsj hna mndh 2020.

through thrw abr / chlal We walked through the tunnel. wj wwkt thrw dha tanal msjjna abr alnfk.

throughout thrwaawt twal / djmja anhaa It rained throughout the day. it rjnd thrwaawt dha daj htl almtr twal idag.

till til hta Wait till tomorrow. wjt til toemwrw antzr hta alghd.

to tw I went to school. ai wint tw skoel dhhbt almdrsa.

toward taward nhw He walked toward me. hie wwkt taward mie msja nhwj.

towards tawardz nhw She ran towards the door. shie ran tawardz dha dwr rkdt nhw albab.

under aandar The cat is under the table. dha kat iz aandar dha tjboel alkta de tafel.

underneath aandarnjth The bag is underneath the chair. dha bagh iz aandarnjth dha tsjjr alhkjba alkrsj.

unlike aanlajk bchlaf / aks Unlike him, I am quiet. aanlajk him ai am kwajit bchlafh ana hadj.

until aantil hta Stay here until Friday. stei hjr aantil frajdj abk hna hta fredag.

up aab aala He walked up the stairs. hie wwkt aab dha stjrz sad aldrdj.

upon aabwn / and / foor Upon arrival, call me. aabwn arajval kwl mie and alwswl atsl bie.

via vaja / vja abr / trjk We traveled via Dubai. wj travald vaja doebaj safrna abr dbj.

with widh / bwasta I went with my brother. ai wint widh maj bradhar dhhbt achj.

within widhin dachl / ghdwn Finish it within an hour. finisj it widhin aan aawr anhih chlal saaa.

without widhawt bdwn He left without his phone. hie lift widhawt hiz fwn ghadr bdwn hatfh.

2. almrkba

hdhh abara akthr klma lknha taml kwhda wahda.

altabjr Arabiskt uttal betydelse Arabiskt uttal översättning

according to aakwrdingh tw wfkana l According to the report, sales increased. aakwrdingh tw dha rjbwrt sjlz inkrjst wfkana lltkrjr zadt almbjaat.

ahead of aahid aav amam / She arrived ahead of us. shie arajvd aahid aav aas wslt kblna.

along with aloong widh / bgenitief He came along with his brother. hie kjm aloong widh hiz bradhar djaa achjh.

apart from aabart fram bastthnaa / bgenitief Apart from John, everyone agreed. aabart fram djwn evrie wan aaghrjd bastthnaa djwn wafk aldjmja.

as for aaz foor ama balnsba As for me, I agree. aaz foor mj ai aaghrj ama balnsba lj fana awafk.

as of aaz aav aatbarana As of Monday, the rule applies. aaz aav mandaj dha rwl aaplajz aatbarana alathnjn tntbk .

as to aaz tw bsjan / fjma jtalk b There is uncertainty as to the cause. dhjr iz aansirtantj aaz tw dha kwz hnak adm jkjn bsjan alsbb.

because of bikwz aav bsbb We stayed home because of the rain. wj stjd hwm bikwz aav dha rjn bkjna huis bsbb almtr.

by means of bai mjnz aav bwasta / trjk We solved it by means of a computer. wj swlvd it bai mjnz aav uh kambjwtr hllnah bwasta haswb.

by way of bai waj aav trjk / mrwrana b We went by way of London. wj wint bai waj aav landan dhhbna trjk lndn.

close to klws tw krjb The school is close to my house. dha skoel iz klws tw maj haus almdrsa krjba mnzlj.

due to djw tw bsbb The flight was delayed due to fog. dha flajt waz diljd djw tw fwgh tachrt alrhla bsbb aldbab.

except for iksbt foor bastthnaa Everyone came except for Mary. evrie wan kjm iksbt foor mjrj djaa aldjmja bastthnaa marj.

far from far fram bajd / ljs alitlak The answer is far from simple. dhj aansar iz far fram simboel alidjaba ljst bsjta alitlak.

in addition to in aadisjan tw bgenitief In addition to English, he studies Arabic. in aadisjan tw inghlisj hie stadijz aarabik bgenitief Engels jdrs .

in case of in kjs aav hala Call me in case of emergency. kwl mie in kjs aav iimjrdjinsj atsl bie hala altwarj.

in front of in frant aav amam The car is in front of the house. dha kaar iz in frant aav dha haus de auto amam huis.

in place of in bljs aav bdlana Use this in place of sugar. jwz dhis in bljs aav sjwghar astchdm hdha bdlana alskr.

in spite of in sbajt aav rghm In spite of the rain, we left. in sbajt aav dha rjn wj lift rghm almtr ghadrna.

in terms of in tirmz aav hjth / fjma jtalk b In terms of price, it is cheap. in tirmz aav brajs it iz tsjjb hjth alsar inh rchjs.

instead of instid aav bdlana I drank tea instead of coffee. ai drank tj instid aav kwfj sjrbt alsjaj bdlana alkhwa.

next to nikst tw bdjanb Sit next to me. sit nikst tw mie adjls bdjanbj.

on account of awn aakawnt aav bsbb The match was canceled on account of rain. dha matsj waz kansald awn aakawnt aav rjn aoelghjt almbaraa bsbb almtr.

on behalf of awn bihaf aav njabaan I spoke on behalf of the team. ai sbwk awn bihaf aav dha tjm thdtht njabaan alfrjk.

on top of awn twb aav / bgenitief The keys are on top of the box. dha kiez ar awn twb aav dha bwks almfatjh alsndwk.

out of aawt aav chardj / He walked out of the room. hie wwkt aawt aav dha rwm chrdj alghrfa.

owing to awwingh tw bsbb The event was canceled owing to rain. dhj ivint waz kansald awwingh tw rjn aoelghj alhdth bsbb almtr.

prior to brajwr tw Prior to the meeting, we prepared. brajwr tw dha mjtingh wj brjbjrd aladjtmaa astaddna.

regardless of rigardlis aav bghd alnzr We will continue regardless of the cost. wj wil kantinjw rigardlis aav dha kwst snstmr bghd alnzr altklfa.

thanks to thanks tw bfdl Thanks to you, we succeeded. thanks tw jw wj saksjdid bfdlk ndjhna.

together with tagidhar widh / djanb She came together with her friends. shie kjm tagidhar widh hur frindz djaat asdkajha.

up to aab tw hta / Up to ten people can enter. aab tw tin bjboel kan intar jmkn lma jsl asjra asjchas aldchwl.

with regard to widh rigard tw fjma jtalk b With regard to your question, I agree. widh rigard tw jwr kwistsjan ai aaghrj fjma jtalk bswalk awafk.

with respect to widh risbikt tw fjma jtalk b With respect to this issue, we disagree. widh risbikt tw dhis isjw wj disaghrj fjma jtalk bhdhh almsala nchtlf.

3. tabjrat idafja taml khrwf djr

altabjr Arabiskt uttal betydelse

by virtue of bai virtsjw aav bfdl / bhkm

by dint of bai dint aav bfdl / ntjdjaan l

by reason of bai rjzan aav bsbb

by courtesy of bai kirtasj aav bfdl / trjk

by order of bai awrdar aav bamr

by reference to bai rifarans tw balrdjwa

by means of bai mjnz aav bwasta

by way of bai waj aav trjk

in accordance with in aakwrdans widh wfkana l

in comparison with in kambarisan widh balmkarna

in connection with in kaniksjan widh fjma jtalk b

in contrast to in kwntrast tw alnkjd

in exchange for in ikstsjjndj foor mkabl

in favor of in fjvar aav lsalh

in lieu of in ljw aav bdlana

in relation to in riljsjn tw balnsba

in response to in risbwns tw rdana

in search of in sirtsj aav bhthana

in view of in vjw aav nzrana

on the basis of awn dha bjsis aav asas

on the grounds of awn dha ghrawndz aav asas / bsbb

with a view to widh uh vjw tw bhdf

with the exception of widh dhj iksbsjan aav bastthnaa

with the help of widh dha hilb aav bmsaada

with reference to widh rifarans tw balisjara / fjma jtalk b

4. alkdjma aw alnadra aw alrsmja

vissa ord altalja tzhr akthr Engels alkdjma alkanwnja aladbja aw alrsmja:

ord Arabiskt uttal betydelse

abaft aabaft chlf / mwchra

alongside aloewnghsajd bdjanb

amidst aamidst wst

amongst aamangst

astride astrajd / mmttjana

athwart aathwwrt abr / bsjkl ardj

atop aatwb

barring baringh bastthnaa / ma lm

circa sirkaa hwalj

cum kam / bwsfh

ere ijr

notwithstanding nwtwidhstandingh rghm / balrghm

per bir lkl / bwasta

save siev bastthnaa

vis-à-vis wie-a-wie mkabl / fjma jtalk b

worth wirth bkjma / jsthk

:

Notwithstanding the difficulties, we continued.

nwtwidhstandingh dha difikaltjz wj kantinjwd.

rghm alsawbat waslna.

5. altj tabr almkan

jmkn tnzjm ahmha bhdhh altrjka:

alalaka

dachl in, inside, within

aldachl into

chardj out, outside

sth on

sth onto

above, over, atop, on top of

under, below, beneath, underneath

amam in front of, before

chlf behind

bdjanb beside, by, next to, alongside

athnjn between

mdjmwaa among, amongst

krjb near, close to

mkabl opposite, across from

around, round

abr across, through

twl along

batdjah toward, towards

bajdana away from, off

tdjawz past, beyond

6. llwkt

alalaka alzmnja

nkta zmnja mhdda at at 5 o'clock

jwm/tarjch on on Monday

sjhr/sna/ftra in in 2026

before, prior to, ahead of before lunch

after, following after work

athnaa during during the meeting

mndh since since Monday

lmda for for two hours

hta until, till until Friday

wkt wkt from … to from Monday to Friday

twal throughout throughout the year

bhlwl by by Friday

mwad mhdd by by 6 p.m.

ghdwn within within two hours

hwalj around, about around noon

wkt krjb near near midnight

7. llsbb walhdf

hrf /altabjr uttal betydelse

because of bikwz aav bsbb

due to djw tw bsbb

owing to awwingh tw bsbb

on account of awn aakawnt aav bsbb

as a result of aaz uh rizalt aav ntjdjaan l

thanks to thanks tw bfdl

for foor adjl

for the sake of foor dha sjk aav adjl / sbjl

with a view to widh uh vjw tw bhdf

in order to in awrdar tw adjl an*

* in order to aadaan jtbaha fal wldhlk hie akrb tabjr ghrd kwnha hrf djr tkljdjana.

8. nkta mhma djdana: hrf + madha

alasasja:

Preposition + noun / pronoun / V-ing

brjpazisjan + nawn / brwnawn / wie-iingh

aj:

hrf djr + substantiv / / fal mnthj b -ing

substantiv

I am in the house.

ai am in dha haus.

ana huis.

pronomen

This gift is for him.

dhis gift iz foor him.

hdhh alcadeau lh.

lahz:

for him ✅

for he ❌

lan pronomen hrf jkwn hala .

V-ing

She is good at cooking.

shie iz gwd et kwkingh.

hie djjda altbch.

He left without saying goodbye.

hie lift widhawt sajingh gwdbaj.

ghadr dwn an jkwl wdaaana.

9. alfrk ahm azwadj

bokstaven betydelsen alasasj

in dachl in the room

into hrka aldachl go into the room

on sth on the table

onto hrka alsth jump onto the table

at nkta/mkan mhdd at the station

to atdjah go to school

by bdjanb / bwasta / mwad by the door / by car / by Friday

with / bastchdam with him / with a knife

from from London

of alaka/mlkja the door of the house

for adjl / lsalh / mda for you / for two hours

since mndh nkta bdaja since Monday

during athnaa ftra during the meeting

until hta nhaja zmn until Friday

between athnjn between John and Mary

among mdjmwaa among friends

above aala above the table

over /abr over the bridge

below asfl below the line

under under the table

beside bdjanb beside me

besides bgenitief besides English

because of/cause of bsbb because of rain

despite rghm despite the rain

in spite of rghm in spite of the rain

aabwrd -> mtnaboard

11- bestämningsord (DETERMINERS)

bestämningsordets grunder

bestämningsord Arabiskt uttal betydelse på arabiska fullständigt exempel Arabiskt uttal översättning

a uh wahd / oen / mhdd I saw a dog. ai sw uh dwgh rajt klbana.

an aan wahd / oen / mhdd She ate an apple. shie ijt aan aaboel aklt tfaha.

the dha / dhj al / alsjja almarwf I saw the dog. ai sw dha dwgh rajt alklb.

this dhis hdha / hdhh This book is useful. dhis bwk iz joewsfoel dit boek mfjd.

that dhet dhlk / tlk That car is expensive. dhet kaar iz iksbinsiv tlk de auto ghalja.

these dhjz hwlaa / hdhh alasjjaa These books are new. dhjz bwks ar njw hdhh alktb djdjda.

those dhwz awljk / tlk alasjjaa Those houses are old. dhwz hawsiz ar awld tlk almnazl kdjma.

2. possessiva bestämningsord

används före substantivet för att visa vem som äger saken.

bestämningsord Arabiskt uttal betydelse

my maj j / chastj My book is here.

your jwr k / km Your car is outside.

his hiz h His house is big.

her hur ha Her bag is black.

its its h/ha lghjr alaakl The dog moved its tail.

our aawr na Our teacher is kind.

their dhjr hm Their house is beautiful.

mhm

my book = boekj

your car = sjartk

his phone = hatfh

her bag = hkjbtha

our house = mnzlna

their children = atfalhm

lkn:

mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs är inte bestämningsord när de står ensamma, utan är självständiga possessiva pronomen:

This book is mine.

dhis bwk iz majn.

dit boek lj.

3. demonstrativa bestämningsord

bestämningsord uttal räkneord avstånd

this dhis mfrd krjb this book

that dhet mfrd bajd that book

these dhjz djma krjb these books

those dhwz djma bajd those books

regel

this + singular noun

this book

dhis bwk

dit boek

these + plural noun

these books

dhjz bwks

hdhh alktb

that + singular noun

that car

dhet kaar

tlk de auto

those + plural noun

those cars

dhwz karz

tlk alsjarat

4. mängdbestämningsord

hdhh thdd mängden av substantiv.

bestämningsord Arabiskt uttal betydelse

some sam vissa I bought some books.

any iinj aj / vissa Do you have any questions?

no noe la / la jwdjd I have no money.

much matsj kthjr I don't have much time.

many minj kthjr She has many books.

little litoel kljl I have little time.

a little uh litoel kljl I have a little time.

few fjw kljl Few people came.

a few uh fjw bdaa / vissa I have a few questions.

enough inaf ma jkfj We have enough food.

more mwr almzjd I need more water.

less lis kmja akl I need less sugar.

fewer fjwar add akl We need fewer chairs.

all awl kl / djmja All students passed.

both bwth kla / alathnan Both students passed.

half haf nsf Half the class left.

most mwst mazm Most people agreed.

enough inaf kafin We have enough money.

5. numeriska bestämningsord

talen kan fungera som bestämningsord när de står direkt före ett substantiv.

de grundläggande talen

räkneord Arabiskt uttal

one wan one book

two tw two books

three thrj three books

four foor four books

five fajf five books

six siks six books

seven sivin seven books

eight ijt eight books

nine najn nine books

ten tin ten books

hundred handrad a hundred books

thousand thawzand a thousand books

million miljan a million people

billion biljan a billion dollars

whkdha jmkn an tmtd alaadad aadad mhdwda.

6. fördelande bestämningsord

fördelar saker eller personer inom en grupp.

bestämningsord uttal betydelse

each ijtsj kl wahd Each student has a book.

every evrie kl Every student passed.

either ijdhar / aajdhar aj wahd alathnjn Either answer is acceptable.

neither njdhar / najdhar la wahd alathnjn Neither answer is correct.

skillnaden

each

Each student received a book.

ijtsj stjwdant risjvd uh bwk.

tlka kl talb boekana.

fokuserar på individerna en och en.

every

Every student received a book.

evrie stjwdant risjvd uh bwk.

tlka kl talb boekana.

fokuserar på hela gruppen.

7. frågande bestämningsord

används för att fråga om ett substantiv.

bestämningsord uttal betydelse

what wat aj / ma What book do you want?

which witsj aj Which book do you want?

whose hwz liman / mlk man Whose book is this?

what kind of wat kajnd aav aj nwa What kind of car do you want?

which kind of witsj kajnd aav aj nwa Which kind of food do you prefer?

Which book do you want?

witsj bwk dw joe want

aj boek trjd

Whose car is this?

hwz kaar iz dhis

auto hdhh

8. obestämda bestämningsord

hdhh tabr sjchs aw sjja mhdd.

bestämningsord uttal betydelse

a uh wahd / sjja mhdd

an aan wahd / sjja mhdd

some sam vissa

any iinj aj / vissa

no noe la / la jwdjd

another aanadhar aachr / wahd aachr

other aadhar aachr / achra

such satsj som hdha / som dhlk

9. another och other

hdhh mhma djdana.

another

another + singular countable noun

I need another book.

ai njd aanadhar bwk.

ahtadj bok aachr.

other

other + plural noun

I need other books.

ai njd aadhar bwks.

ahtadj ktb achra.

the other

The other book is mine.

dhj aadhar bwk iz majn.

den andra boken är min.

the other + plural

The other books are mine.

dhj aadhar bwks ar majn.

de andra böckerna är mina.

10. bestämningsord för betoning och likhet

such

such + a/an + adjective + singular noun

She is such a nice person.

shie iz satsj uh najs birsan.

inha sjchs ltjf djdana / inha sjchs ltjf hdha alhd.

plural:

such people

satsj bjboel

som hwlaa alnas.

med icke-räkneliga substantiv:

such good advice

satsj gwd aadfajs

som hdhh alnsjha aldjjda.

11. bestämningsord för stora eller fullständiga mängder

bestämningsord uttal betydelse

all awl kl / djmja all students

both bwth kla both books

each ijtsj kl wahd each student

every evrie kl every student

either ijdhar aj wahd athnjn either book

neither njdhar la wahd athnjn neither book

enough inaf ma jkfj enough food

much matsj kmja kbjra much water

many minj add kbjr many books

most mwst mazm most people

more mwr almzjd more time

less lis kmja akl less water

fewer fjwar add akl fewer people

half haf nsf half the money

plenty of blintj aav alkthjr plenty of food

a lot of uh lwt aav alkthjr a lot of people

lots of lwts aav alkthjr lots of books

12. mängduttryck som fungerar som bestämningsord

det finns många olika uttryck som kan bestämma substantiv:

uttryck Arabiskt uttal betydelse

a lot of uh lwt aav alkthjr

lots of lwts aav alkthjr

plenty of blintj aav alkthjr / wfra

a number of uh nambar aav add

a great number of uh ghrjt nambar aav add kbjr

a large number of uh lardj nambar aav add kbjr

a small number of uh smwl nambar aav add kljl

a great deal of uh ghrjt djl aav kdr kbjr

a large amount of uh lardj aamawnt aav kmja kbjra

a small amount of uh smwl aamawnt aav kmja sghjra

a majority of uh madjwritj aav aghlbja

a minority of uh majnwritj aav aklja

a pair of uh bjr aav zwdj

a couple of uh kaboel aav athnan / bdaa

a range of uh rjndj aav mdjmwaa / ntak

a variety of uh varajatj aav mdjmwaa mtnwaa

a series of uh sjrjz aav slsla

a set of uh sit aav mdjmwaa

a group of uh ghrwb aav mdjmwaa

a number of uh nambar aav add

:

A lot of students study English.

uh lwt aav stjwdants stadj inghlisj.

många studenter studerar engelska.

13. bestämningsord för delar och bråk

uttryck uttal betydelse

half haf nsf

a half uh haf nsf

quarter kwwrtar rba

a quarter uh kwwrtar rba

third third thlth

a third uh third thlth

two-thirds tw thirdz althlthan

three-quarters thrj kwwrtarz thlatha arbaa

part of bart aav djza

most of mwst aav mazm

some of sam aav vissa

all of awl aav kl / djmja

none of nan aav la sjja / la ahd

exempel:

Half the students left.

haf dha stjwdants lift.

hälften av studenterna gick.

Most of the students passed.

mwst aav dha stjwdants bast.

de flesta studenterna klarade sig.

14. none och neither

none

används för en grupp som är större än två:

None of the students came.

nan aav dha stjwdants kjm.

ingen av studenterna kom.

neither

används för två:

Neither student came.

njdhar stjwdant kjm.

ingen av de två studenterna kom.

either

en av två:

Either student can help you.

ijdhar stjwdant kan hilb joe.

vilken som helst av de två studenterna kan hjälpa dig.

15. bestämningsord för negation

bestämningsord uttal betydelse

no noe la / la jwdjd no money

neither njdhar la wahd alathnjn neither student

no other noe aadhar la sjja/sjchs aachr no other option

not a noet uh ljs aj not a single person

not any noet iinj ljs aj not any books

:

No student was absent.

noe stjwdant waz absint.

ingen elev var frånvarande.

16. ord som kan fungera som bestämningsord men inte alltid är rena bestämningsord

vissa ord kan fungera som bestämningsord beroende på deras position och användning.

ord uttal när de fungerar som bestämningsord

certain sirtan certain people = asjchas majnwn

certain sirtan a certain person = sjchs majn

particular bartikjwlar a particular reason = sbb majn

specific sbisifik a specific case = hala mhdda

given givin given circumstances = alzrwf almataa

same sjm the same person = nfs person

next nikst next week = alasbwa alkadm

last last last year = alsna almadja

previous brjvjas previous examples = alazoalsa alsabka

following fwlwwingh the following day = idag altalj

certain sirtan certain circumstances = zrwf majna

various vjrijas various reasons = asbab mchtlfa

numerous njwmaras numerous examples = azoalsa adjda

countless kaawntlis countless possibilities = ahtmalat la hsr lha

different difrant different ideas = afkar mchtlfa

same sjm the same answer = nfs alidjaba

17. ord som next och last

dessa är viktiga eftersom deras betydelse ändras beroende på om the finns.

next week

I will travel next week.

ai wil travoel nikst wjk.

jag ska resa nästa vecka.

the next week

används för nästa vecka i förhållande till en viss tid eller händelse.

The next week was very busy.

dha nikst wjk waz virj bizj.

nästa vecka var mycket hektisk.

samma idé:

last year = alaam almadj

the last year = alsna alachjra / aachr sna

18. sammansatta bestämningsord med betydelse av fördelning

uttryck uttal betydelse

each and every ijtsj aand evrie kl wahd wkl

every single evrie singhoel kl wahd hda

each individual ijtsj individjoewal kl frd

any given iinj givin aj majn / mftrd

a certain uh sirtan sjchs/sjja majn

one particular wan bartikjwlar wahd majn

the whole dha hwl kaml / bakmlh

the entire dhj intajr kaml

the total dha twtal alidjmalj / alkaml

exempel:

Every single student passed.

evrie singhoel stjwdant bast.

alla elever klarade sig utan undantag.

The entire class left.

dhj intajr klas lift.

hela klassen gick.

19. whole och entire

båda betyder ungefär hela / i sin helhet.

the whole + noun

I read the whole book.

ai rid dha hwl bwk.

jag läste hela boken.

the entire + noun

I read the entire book.

ai rid dhj intajr bwk.

jag läste hela boken.

20. bestämningsord med enkel ägandeform och bestämdhet

det finns också uttryck som:

uttryck uttal betydelse

John's djwnz alchas bdjwn

Mary's mjrjz alchas bmarj

the man's dha manz alchas balrdjl

the students' dha stjwdants alchas bstudenten

:

John's car is new.

djwnz kaar iz njw.

Johns bil är ny.

här fungerar John's som en possessiv bestämning.

21. bestämningsordens ordning

man kan inte alltid lägga till alla bestämningsord på måfå.

som exempel:

the three old books

dha thrj awld bwks

de tre gamla böckerna.

men inte:

❌ three the books

korrekt ordning

bestämningsord + räkneord/mängd + adjektiv + substantiv

:

the two beautiful houses

dha tw bjwtifoel hawsiz

de två vackra husen.

22. kan två bestämningsord användas tillsammans?

ibland ja, men inte alla bestämningsord.

❌ a the book

vi säger inte:

❌ a the book

❌ this my book

på engelska säger man inte heller:

❌ this my book

utan:

this book of mine

dhis bwk aav majn

den här boken är min.

men vissa kombinationer är möjliga, som:

all my books

awl maj bwks

alla mina böcker.

här:

all + my + books

och:

both my parents

bwth maj bjrants

båda mina föräldrar.

och:

half the money

haf dha manj

hälften av pengarna.

23. bestämningsord med räknebara och oräknebara substantiv

räknebart substantiv i singular

kan använda:

a/an, the, this, that, my, each, every, either, neither, another

som exempel:

a book

uh bwk

en bok

this book

dhis bwk

den här boken

every book

evrie bwk

varje bok

räknebart substantiv i plural

kan använda:

the, these, those, my, some, any, many, few, several, both, all, most, more, fewer

:

many books

minj bwks

många böcker.

oräknebart substantiv

kan använda:

the, this, that, my, some, any, much, little, a little, enough, more, less, all, most

:

much water

matsj wwtr

mycket vatten.

24. several

several är ett viktigt bestämningsord.

Several students came.

sivral stjwdants kjm.

flera elever kom.

betydelse ungefär:

flera / fler än två men inte ett mycket stort antal.

25. certain / various / numerous

ord uttal betydelse

certain sirtan vissa / majn certain people

various vjrijas mchtlf / mtnwa various reasons

numerous njwmaras kthjr / adjd numerous examples

countless kaawntlis la hsr lh countless opportunities

several sivral ada several books

different difrant mchtlf different ideas

12- villkorssatser (IF CONDITIONAL)

typ på arabiska grammatisk form på arabiska Arabiskt uttal av den engelska formen /betydelse

villkor alsfrj If + almdara albsjt almdara albsjt if + brizint brizint hkjka aama / aada

villkor alawl If + almdara albsjt will + grundverb V1 if + brizint wil + wie wan ahtmal mstkblj

villkor althanj If + almadj albsjt would + grundverb V1 if + bast woed + wie wan aftrad alhadr/almstkbl

villkor althalth If + almadj altam would have + altsrjf althalth V3 if + bast birfikt woed haf + wie thrj madin aftradj / sjja lm jhdth

villkor almchtlt alawl If + almadj altam would + grundverb V1 if + bast birfikt woed + wie wan almadj → alhadr

villkor almchtlt althanj If + almadj albsjt would have + altsrjf althalth V3 if + bast woed haf + wie thrj alhadr → almadj

typ uttal grammatisk form på arabiska Arabiskt uttal av exemplet betydelse balarbja

Would Simple would + V1 woed + wie wan I would eat. ai woed ijt kntoe sakl / sakl loo...

Would Continuous would be + V-ing woed bie + wie-iingh I would be eating. ai woed bie ijtingh kntoe sakwn aaklana / sakwn aaklana loo...

Would Perfect would have + V3 woed haf + wie thrj I would have eaten. ai woed haf ijtin lkntoe kd aklt / kntoe sakwn kd aklt

Would Perfect Continuous would have been + V-ing woed haf bijn + wie-iingh I would have been eating. ai woed haf bijn ijtingh lkntoe akwn kd zlltoe aakl / kntoe sakwn kd knt aakl

alla pronomen

pronomen Would + V1 Would be + V-ing Would have + V3 Would have been + V-ing

I I would eat. I would be eating. I would have eaten. I would have been eating.

You You would eat. You would be eating. You would have eaten. You would have been eating.

He He would eat. He would be eating. He would have eaten. He would have been eating.

She She would eat. She would be eating. She would have eaten. She would have been eating.

It It would eat. It would be eating. It would have eaten. It would have been eating.

We We would eat. We would be eating. We would have eaten. We would have been eating.

They They would eat. They would be eating. They would have eaten. They would have been eating.

alla former av Would Negative – Active

typ grammatisk form på arabiska uttal av den grammatiska formen på arabiska Arabiskt uttal av exemplet betydelse balarbja

almdara/albsjt alaftradj would not + grundverb V1 woed nat + wie wan I would not eat. ai woed nat ijt ln aakl / ma kntoe sakl

almstmr alaftradj would not be + verb -ing V-ing woed nat bie + wie-iingh I would not be eating. ai woed nat bie ijtingh ln akwn aaklana

altam alaftradj would not have + altsrjf althalth V3 woed nat haf + wie thrj I would not have eaten. ai woed nat haf ijtin lm akn lakwn kd aklt

altam almstmr alaftradj would not have been + verb -ing V-ing woed nat haf bijn + wie-iingh I would not have been eating. ai woed nat haf bijn ijtingh lm akn lakwn kd zllt aakl

alla pronomen

pronomen Would not + V1 Would not be + V-ing Would not have + V3 Would not have been + V-ing

I I would not eat. I would not be eating. I would not have eaten. I would not have been eating.

You You would not eat. You would not be eating. You would not have eaten. You would not have been eating.

He He would not eat. He would not be eating. He would not have eaten. He would not have been eating.

She She would not eat. She would not be eating. She would not have eaten. She would not have been eating.

It It would not eat. It would not be eating. It would not have eaten. It would not have been eating.

We We would not eat. We would not be eating. We would not have eaten. We would not have been eating.

They They would not eat. They would not be eating. They would not have eaten. They would not have been eating.

förkortningen

fullständig förkortad Arabiskt uttal

would not + V1 wouldn't + V1 woedant + wie wan

would not be + V-ing wouldn't be + V-ing woedant bie + wie-iingh

would not have + V3 wouldn't have + V3 woedant haf + wie thrj

would not have been + V-ing wouldn't have been + V-ing woedant haf bijn + wie-iingh

alla former av Would Passive

typ grammatisk form på arabiska uttal av den grammatiska formen på arabiska Arabiskt uttal av exemplet betydelse balarbja

albsjt would be + altsrjf althalth V3 woed bie + wie thrj The book would be read. dha boek woed bie ried kan almmkn an joekra boken / sjoekra boken aftradjana

almstmr would be being + altsrjf althalth V3 woed bie bjjngh + wie thrj The book would be being read. dha boek woed bie bjjngh ried kan almmkn an jkwn boken kjd alkraaa

altam would have been + altsrjf althalth V3 woed haf bijn + wie thrj The book would have been read. dha boek woed haf bijn ried lkan boken kd koerj

altam almstmr would have been being + altsrjf althalth V3 woed haf bijn bjjngh + wie thrj The book would have been being read. dha boek woed haf bijn bjjngh ried lkan boken kd zl kjd alkraaa

alla pronomen

pronomen Would Passive Simple Would Passive Continuous Would Passive Perfect Would Passive Perfect Continuous

I I would be seen. I would be being seen. I would have been seen. I would have been being seen.

You You would be seen. You would be being seen. You would have been seen. You would have been being seen.

He He would be seen. He would be being seen. He would have been seen. He would have been being seen.

She She would be seen. She would be being seen. She would have been seen. She would have been being seen.

It It would be seen. It would be being seen. It would have been seen. It would have been being seen.

We We would be seen. We would be being seen. We would have been seen. We would have been being seen.

They They would be seen. They would be being seen. They would have been seen. They would have been being seen.

negation — Would Passive Negative

typ grammatisk form på arabiska Arabiskt uttal av exemplet betydelse balarbja

albsjt would not be + V3 The book would not be read. dha boek woed nat bie ried ln joekra boken / ma kan ljoekra

almstmr would not be being + V3 The book would not be being read. dha boek woed nat bie bjjngh ried ln jkwn boken kjd alkraaa

altam would not have been + V3 The book would not have been read. dha boek woed nat haf bijn ried lma kan boken kd koerj

altam almstmr would not have been being + V3 The book would not have been being read. dha boek woed nat haf bijn bjjngh ried lma kan boken kd zl kjd alkraaa

. grundläggande ord för villkor

ord / uttryck uttal på engelska på arabiska betydelse på arabiska användning

if if idha / in hada villkor alasasja

if not if nat idha lm / in lm nfj villkor

unless aanlis ma lm / ila idha tanj tkrjbana if ... not

when win andma / idha llsjrt almtwka aw almtkrr

whenever winivar klma / mta ma sjrt mtkrr

even if ijvin if hta loo villkor la jghjr alntjdja

only if awnlj if fkt idha sjrt drwrj

if and only if if and awnlj if idha wfkt idha sjrt lazm wkafin

as long as aaz lwngh aaz talma / bsjrt an sjrt

so long as sw lwngh aaz talma / bsjrt an som as long as

provided that bravajdid dhet bsjrt an sjrt rsmj

providing that bravajdingh dhet bsjrt an sjrt

on condition that awn kandisjan dhet bsjrt an sjrt rsmj

in case in kjs hal / thsbana lan ahtjat wljs dajmana msawjana l if

in the event that in dhj ivint dhet hal an rsmj

assuming that aaswmingh dhet baftrad an aftrad

supposing that sabwwzingh dhet baftrad an aftrad

suppose sabwwz aftrd an / madha loo tkdjm aftradj

what if wat if madha loo swal ahtmal

if only if awnlj ljt / loo fkt tmnin aw ndm

even though ijvin dhw rghm an ljst adaa sjrt lltbajn

whether widhar swaa ahtmalan / chjaran

when wn lama

only when awnlj wn fkt loo

13- almkarna waltfdjl (COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE)

mkarna ksjra adjektiv + -er + than edzjektief + iir + dhan taller than toeler dhan

tfdjl ksjr the + adjektiv + -est dha + edzjektief + iist the tallest dha twlist

mkarna twjla more + adjektiv + than mwr + edzjektief + dhan more beautiful than mwr bjwtifoel dhan

tfdjl twjl the most + adjektiv dha mwst + edzjektief the most beautiful dha mwst bjwtifoel

mkarna balnks less + adjektiv + than lis + edzjektief + dhan less expensive than lis iksbinsiv dhan

tfdjl balnks the least + adjektiv dha ljst + edzjektief the least expensive dha ljst iksbinsiv

msawaa as + adjektiv + as aaz + edzjektief + aaz as tall as aaz twl aaz

adm msawaa not as + adjektiv + as nat aaz + edzjektief + aaz not as tall as nat aaz twl aaz

msawaa adjektiv + as aaz + edzjektief tall as aaz twl

adm msawaa not + adjektiv + as nat + edzjektief + aaz not tall as nat twl aaz

mkarna kwja much/far/a lot + almkarna matsj/far/uh lwt + kambarativ much better matsj bitar

mkarna bsjta a little/slightly + almkarna uh litoel/slajtlj + kambarativ slightly better slajtlj bitar

tzajd tdrjdjj almkarna + and + almkarna kambarativ + and + kambarativ bigger and bigger bighar and bighar

mkarna mzdwdja the + almkarna the + almkarna dha + kambarativ dha + kambarativ the more, the better dha mwr dha bitar

alafdl dmn mdjmwaa the + altfdjl + in/of dha + swbarlativ + in/aav the best in the class dha bist in dha klas

wahd alafdl one of the + altfdjl + substantiv plural wan aav dha + swbarlativ + blwral nawn one of the best students wan aav dha bist stwdants

tfdjl kwj by far + the + altfdjl bai far + dha swbarlativ by far the best bai far dha bist

mkarna alafaal verb + more/less wurb + mwr/lis work more wirk mwr

mkarna substantiv plural almadwda more/fewer + substantiv plural mwr/fjwar + blwral nawn more books / fewer books mwr boeks / fjwar boeks

mkarna substantiv plural almadwda more/less + substantiv singular mwr/lis + aankawntaboel nawn more water / less water mwr wwtr / lis wwtr

mkarna alkmja more/less + substantiv mwr/lis + nawn more money mwr manj

mkarna räkneord more/fewer + substantiv plural mwr/fjwar + blwral nawn more people mwr bjboel

daf alkmja twice as much as twajs aaz matsj aaz twice as much money twajs aaz matsj manj

daf räkneord twice as many as twajs aaz minj aaz twice as many books twajs aaz minj boeks

I am as tall as him aj am as tal as him ana twjl khw

mta nstchdm -er wmta nstchdm more

hdhh nkta mhma djdana.

kasus nstchdm uttal betydelse

sfa ksjra ghalbana mkta swtj wahd -er taller toeler atwl

sfa ksjra ghalbana mkta wahd -er smaller smwlar asghr

sfa mnthja b -y -er tghjjr y → i happier habjar asad

sfa mnthja b -e -r larger lardjar akbr

sfa twjla ghalbana mktajn aw akthr more more beautiful mwr bjwtifoel akthr djmalana

sfa twjla more more expensive mwr iksbinsiv aghla

sfa twjla more more interesting mwr intaristingh akthr ithara llahtmam

15- djml alwsl (RELATIVE CLAUSES)

typ på arabiska adwat/tkwjn sjaja balarbja uttal alsjaja balarbja voorbeeld Arabiskt uttal av exemplet Svensk översättning

djmla sla mhdda who / whom / whose / which / that / where / when / why hw / hwm / hwz / witsj / dhet / wijr / win / waj The man who lives here is my teacher. dha man hw livz hjr iz maj tjtsjar alrdjl aldhj jajsj hna hw malmj.

djmla sla mhdda who / whom / whose / which / where / when hw / hwm / hwz / witsj / wijr / win My brother, who lives in London, is a doctor. maj bradhar hw livz in landan iz uh doektar achj aldhj jajsj lndn tbjb.

djmla sla för subjektet who/which/that + verb hw / witsj / dhet + dha firb The woman who works here is friendly. dha woeman hw wirks hjr iz frindlj almraa altj taml hna wdwda.

djmla sla för objektet who/whom/which/that + subjekt + verb hw / hwm / witsj / dhet + dha subdzjekt + dha firb The man whom I met was kind. dha man hwm ai met waz kajnd alrdjl aldhj kablth kan ltjfana.

djmla sla med utelämnat objekt substantiv + subjekt + verb dha nawn + dha subdzjekt + dha firb The book I bought is interesting. dha boek ai bwt iz intaristingh boken aldhj asjtrjth mmta.

djmla sla för ägande whose + substantiv hwz + dha nawn The girl whose father is a doctor is my friend. dha ghirl hwz fadhar iz uh doektar iz maj frind alftaa altj waldha tbjb hie sdjktj.

djmla sla för plats where + sats wijr + dha klwz This is the house where I grew up. dhis iz dha haus wijr ai ghrw aab hdha hw hus aldhj nsjat fjh.

djmla sla för tid when + sats win + dha klwz I remember the day when we met. ai rimimbr dha daj win wj met jag minns dagen då vi träffades.

djmla sla för orsak why + sats waj + dha klwz I know the reason why he left. ai noe dha rjzan waj hie lift jag känner till anledningen till att han gick.

djmla sla med preposition preposition + whom/which dha bribazisjan + hwm / witsj The person to whom I spoke was helpful. dha birsan tw hwm ai sbwk waz hilbfoel personen som jag talade med var hjälpsam.

djmla sla förkortad V-ing substantiv + V-ing dha nawn + wie iingh The man standing there is my brother. dha man standingh dhjr iz maj bradhar alrdjl alwakf hnak hw achj.

djmla sla förkortad V3 substantiv + V3 dha nawn + wie thrj The documents signed yesterday are important. dha dwkjwmints sajnd jistrdaj ar imbwrtant alwthajk almwkaa ams mhma.

djmla sla med infinitiv substantiv + to + V1 dha nawn + tw + wie wan She was the first person to arrive. shie waz dha first birsan tw aarajv kent awl sjchs jsl.

djmla sla sammansatt whoever / whatever / whichever / wherever / whenever / however hwivar / woetivar / witsjivar / wijrivar / winivar / hawivar Take whatever you want. tjk woetivar joe want chdh aj sjja trjdh.

djmla sla med kommenterande sats , which + sats witsj + dha klwz He missed the bus, which made him late. hie mist dha bas witsj mjd him ljt lkd fath albas whdha djalh mtachrana.

djmla sla med substantivfunktion what / whatever / whoever / whichever woet / woetivar / hwivar / witsjivar I know what you mean. ai noe woet joe mjn aarf ma tanjh.

djmla sla med inbäddad relativsats djmla sla dachl djmla sla relativ sats iinuti relativ sats The man who lives in the house that I bought is my neighbor. dha man hw livz in dha haus dhet ai bwt iz maj njbr alrdjl aldhj jajsj hus aldhj asjtrjth hw djarj.

16- indirekt tal och direkt tal (REPORTED SPEECH AND DIRECT SPEECH)

typ på arabiska alsjaja uttal grammatisk form på arabiska voorbeeld indirecte rede Svensk översättning

djmla chbrja mthbta said (that) + sats sid (dhet) + dha klwz He said, “I am tired.” He said (that) he was tired. kal inh kan mtabana.

djmla chbrja mnfja said (that) + subjekt + not + verb sid (dhet) + dha subdzjekt + nat + dha firb He said, “I am not tired.” He said that he was not tired. kal inh lm jkn mtabana.

ja/nej-fråga asked if/whether + sats aaskt iif/widhar + dha klwz He asked, “Are you ready?” He asked if I was ready. salnj in knt mstadana.

fråga med frågeord asked + frågeord + sats aaskt + kwistsjan wird + dha klwz He asked, “Where do you live?” He asked where I lived. salnj ajn aajsj.

positiv befallning told + + to + V1 twld + dha aoebdjikt + tw + wie wan He said, “Open the door.” He told me to open the door. tlb mnj an afth albab.

negativ befallning told + + not to + V1 twld + dha aoebdjikt + nat tw + wie wan He said, “Do not open the door.” He told me not to open the door. tlb mnj ala afth albab.

begäran asked + + to + V1 aaskt + dha aoebdjikt + tw + wie wan She said, “Please help me.” She asked me to help her. tlbt mnj an asaadha.

negativ begäran asked + + not to + V1 aaskt + dha aoebdjikt + nat tw + wie wan She said, “Please don't leave.” She asked me not to leave. tlbt mnj ala aghadr.

råd advised + + to + V1 aadvajzd + dha aoebdjikt + tw + wie wan He said, “Study harder.” He advised me to study harder. nshnj an adrs bdjdja akbr.

negativt råd advised + + not to + V1 aadvajzd + dha aoebdjikt + nat tw + wie wan He said, “Don't drive fast.” He advised me not to drive fast. nshnj ala akwd bsraa.

förslag suggested + V-ing sadjistid + wie iingh He said, “Let's go.” He suggested going. aktrh aldhhab.

förslag med that suggested that + subjekt + should + V1 sadjistid dhet + dha subdzjekt + sjoed + wie wan He said, “Let's go.” He suggested that we should go. aktrh an ndhhb.

löfte promised + to + V1 bramist + tw + wie wan He said, “I will help you.” He promised to help me. wad an jsaadnj.

vägran refused + to + V1 rifjwzd + tw + wie wan He said, “I won't go.” He refused to go. rfd an jdhhb.

erbjudande offered + to + V1 awfard + tw + wie wan He said, “I will help you.” He offered to help me. ard an jsaadnj.

varning warned + + to + V1 wwrnd + dha aoebdjikt + tw + wie wan He said, “Be careful.” He warned me to be careful. hdhrnj an akwn hdhrana.

negativ varning warned + + not to + V1 wwrnd + dha aoebdjikt + nat tw + wie wan He said, “Don't touch it.” He warned me not to touch it. hdhrnj lmsh.

ursäkt apologized for + V-ing aabaladjajzd foor + wie iingh He said, “I'm sorry I lied.” He apologized for lying. aatdhr alkdhb.

erkännande admitted + V-ing aadmitid + wie iingh He said, “I broke it.” He admitted breaking it. aatrf banh ksrh.

förnekande denied + V-ing dinajd + wie iingh He said, “I didn't break it.” He denied breaking it. ankr anh ksrh.

anklagelse accused + + of + V-ing aakjwzd + dha aoebdjikt + aav + wie iingh He said, “You stole it.” He accused me of stealing it. athmnj bsrkth.

anklagelse/blame blamed + + for + V-ing bljmd + dha aoebdjikt + foor + wie iingh He said, “You caused the problem.” He blamed me for causing the problem. lamnj altsbb almsjkla.

gratulation congratulated + + on + V-ing/noun kangratsjoeljtid + dha aoebdjikt + awn + wie iingh/nawn He said, “Congratulations!” He congratulated me on winning. hnanj alfwz.

tidsförskjutning Reported Speech

när verbet i direkt tal huvudsakligen står i dåtid sker Backshift, alltså att tiden flyttas tillbaka ett steg till dåtid:

indirekt tal uttal aldjza

Present Simple Past Simple bast simboel

Present Continuous Past Continuous bast kantinjoewas

Present Perfect Past Perfect bast birfikt

Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous bast birfikt kantinjoewas

Past Simple Past Perfect bast birfikt

Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous bast birfikt kantinjoewas

Past Perfect Past Perfect bast birfikt

will + V1 would + V1 woed + wie wan

will be + V-ing would be + V-ing woed bie + wie iingh

will have + V3 would have + V3 woed haf + wie thrj

can + V1 could + V1 koed + wie wan

may + V1 might + V1 majt + wie wan

must + V1 had to + V1 had tw + wie wan

3. exempel på Backshift

översättning

He said, “I work here.” He said that he worked there. kal inh jaml hnak.

He said, “I am working.” He said that he was working. kal inh kan jaml.

He said, “I have finished.” He said that he had finished. kal inh kan kd antha.

He said, “I finished.” He said that he had finished. kal inh kan kd antha.

He said, “I was sleeping.” He said that he had been sleeping. kal inh kan najmana.

He said, “I will come.” He said that he would come. kal inh sjatj.

He said, “I can swim.” He said that he could swim. kal inh jsttja alsbaha.

He said, “I may come.” He said that he might come. kal inh kd jatj.

4. förändring av pronomen

indirekt tal

I he / she

me him / her

my his / her

mine his / hers

we they

us them

our their

ours theirs

you I / we / he / she / they beroende på sammanhanget

your my / our / his / her / their beroende på sammanhanget

:

Direct: She said, “I love my house.”

Reported: She said that she loved her house.

uttal: shie sid dhet shie lavd hur haus.

översättning: kalt inha thb mnzlha.

5. förändring av tids- och platsord

indirekt tal

now then

today that day

tonight that night

yesterday the day before / the previous day

tomorrow the next day / the following day

last week the previous week

next week the following week

ago before

here there

this that

these those

17- infinitiver och verbala substantiv (INFINITIVES AND VERBAL NOUNS)

typ på arabiska den engelska termen engelskt uttal på arabiska uttal betydelse/användning

infinitiv med to to-infinitive tw iinfinitiv to + V1 tw + wie wan an jfal

infinitiv utan to bare infinitive bijr iinfinitiv V1 wie wan verbets grundform utan to

-ing som substantiv gerund djirand V-ing wie iingh verbalsubstantiv / verb som substantiv

perfekt infinitiv perfect infinitive birfikt iinfinitiv to have + V3 tw haf + wie thrj an jkwn kd fal

kontinuerlig infinitiv continuous infinitive kantinjoewas iinfinitiv to be + V-ing tw bie + wie iingh an jkwn jfal

perfekt kontinuerlig infinitiv perfect continuous infinitive birfikt kantinjoewas iinfinitiv to have been + V-ing tw haf bijn + wie iingh an jkwn kd zl jfal

passiv infinitiv passive infinitive basiv iinfinitiv to be + V3 tw bie + wie thrj an jtm falh

perfekt passiv infinitiv perfect passive infinitive birfikt basiv iinfinitiv to have been + V3 tw haf bijn + wie thrj an jkwn kd tm falh

# typ grammatisk form på arabiska uttal av den grammatiska formen på arabiska exempel Arabiskt uttal av exemplet Svensk översättning

1 Adjective + V-ing subjekt + be + adjektiv + verb + ing + objekt dha subdzjekt + bie + edzjektief + fal + ingh + ubdzjekt I am happy seeing you. ai am habj sjjngh joe ana sajd brwjtk

2 Adjective + to-infinitive subjekt + be + adjektiv + to + V1 + objekt dha subdzjekt + bie + edzjektief + tw + wie wan + ubdzjekt I am happy to see you. ai am habj tw sj joe ana sajd lrwjtk

3 Verb + to-infinitive subjekt + plan + to + V1 dha subdzjekt + blan + tw + wie wan I plan to eat. ai blan tw ijt achtt llakl

4 Verb + V-ing subjekt + plan + verb + ing dha subdzjekt + blan + fal + ingh I plan eating. ai blan ijtingh achtt llakl lkn hdhh alsjgha tbjaja aadaan

5 Perception verb + object + V1 subjekt + see + objekt + V1 dha subdzjekt + sj + ubdzjekt + wie wan I see him run. ai sj him ran arah jrkd

6 Perception verb + object + V-ing subjekt + see + objekt + verb + ing dha subdzjekt + sj + ubdzjekt + fal + ingh I see him running. ai sj him raningh arah whw jrkd

7 Purpose + to-infinitive subjekt + verb + to + V1 dha subdzjekt + dha vjrb + tw + wie wan I eat to play. ai ijt tw blaj aakl lkj alab

8 Purpose + in order to subjekt + verb + in order to + V1 dha subdzjekt + dha vjrb + in awrdr tw + wie wan I eat in order to play. ai ijt in awrdr tw blaj aakl lkj alab / aakl adjl an alab

18- villkor och subjunktiv (SUBJUNCTIVE)

typ grammatisk form på arabiska uttal av den grammatiska formen på arabiska exempel Arabiskt uttal av exemplet översättning

1 Present Subjunctive subjekt + that + grundverb V1 dha subdzjekt + dhet + werkwoord alasasj wie wan I suggest that he go. ai sadjist dhet hie ghw aktrh an jdhhb

2 Negative Present Subjunctive subjekt + that + not + grundverb V1 dha subdzjekt + dhet + noet + werkwoord alasasj wie wan I suggest that he not go. ai sadjist dhet hie noet ghw aktrh ala jdhhb

3 Be Subjunctive subjekt + that + be + adjektiv/substantiv dha subdzjekt + dhet + bie + aaddjikt/nawn It is important that he be ready. it iz imbwrtant dhet hie bie redie almhm an jkwn mstadana

4 After demand/recommendation subjekt + that + subjekt + V1 dha subdzjekt + dhet + dha subdzjekt + wie wan They demanded that she leave. dhei demandid dhet shie lief talbwa ban tghadr

5 After insist subjekt + that + subjekt + V1 dha subdzjekt + dhet + dha subdzjekt + wie wan I insist that he stay. ai insist dhet hie stei asr an jbka

6 After require subjekt + that + subjekt + V1 dha subdzjekt + dhet + dha subdzjekt + wie wan The law requires that everyone be present. dha loo rikwaairs dhet evrie wan bie prezent jttlb alkanwn an jkwn aldjmja hadrjn

7 Were Subjunctive If + subjekt + were + ... if + dha subdzjekt + wur + ... If I were you, I would wait. if ai wur jw ai woed wiet loo knt mkank lantzrt

8 Wish + were subjekt + wish + subjekt + were + ... dha subdzjekt + wiesh + dha subdzjekt + wur + ... I wish I were taller. ai wiesh ai wur toeler atmna loo knt atwl

9 Formal hypothetical inversion Were + subjekt + ... wur + dha subdzjekt + ... Were I you, I would wait. wur ai jw ai woed wiet loo knt mkank lantzrt

10 Fixed/formal expression God/Heaven + V1 gad/heven + wie wan God save the King. gad siev dha king hfz allh almlk

19- (TAG QUESTIONS)

typ Arabiskt uttal av den engelska formen fullständigt exempel Arabiskt uttal av exemplet Svensk översättning

Tag Question — mthbt djmla mthbta + auxiliary negative + subjekt? djmla mthbta + auksiljeri niegetief + dha subdzjekt You are ready, aren't you? joe ar ridj aarnt joew ant mstad aljs kdhlk

Tag Question — mnfj djmla mnfja + auxiliary positive + subjekt? djmla mnfja + auksiljeri poozitief + dha subdzjekt You aren't ready, are you? joe aarnt ridj ar joew ant lst mstadana aljs kdhlk

Present Simple djmla + don't/doesn't + subjekt? djmla + dwnt/dazint + dha subdzjekt She works here, doesn't she? shie wirks hjr dazint sjj hie taml hna aljs kdhlk

Past Simple djmla + didn't/did + subjekt? djmla + didint/did + dha subdzjekt You saw him, didn't you? joe sw him didint joew rajth aljs kdhlk

Be djmla + isn't/aren't/wasn't/weren't + subjekt? djmla + izint/aarnt/wazint/wirnt + dha subdzjekt He is here, isn't he? hie iz hjr izint hj hw hna aljs kdhlk

Present Continuous djmla + isn't/aren't + subjekt? djmla + izint/aarnt + dha subdzjekt She is working, isn't she? shie iz wirkingh izint sjj hie taml aljs kdhlk

Present Perfect djmla + hasn't/haven't + subjekt? djmla + hazint/havint + dha subdzjekt They have finished, haven't they? dhei hav finisjt havint dhaj lkd anthwa aljs kdhlk

Past Perfect djmla + hadn't + subjekt? djmla + hadint + dha subdzjekt He had left, hadn't he? hie had lift hadint hj kan kd ghadr aljs kdhlk

Future — will djmla + won't + subjekt? djmla + woont + dha subdzjekt You will come, won't you? joe wil kam woont joew statj aljs kdhlk

Modal djmla + modal negative + subjekt? djmla + moodal niegetief + dha subdzjekt He can swim, can't he? hie kan swim kent hj jsttja alsbaha aljs kdhlk

Let's Let's + V1, shall we? lits + wie wan sjal wj Let's go, shall we? lits ghw sjal wj lndhhb aljs kdhlk

Imperative V1 + will you? wie wan + wil joew Open the door, will you? awbin dha dwr wil joew afth albab hsnana

Negative Question — Present Simple Don't/Doesn't + subjekt + V1? dwnt/dazint + dha subdzjekt + wie wan Don't you like coffee? dwnt joe lajk kwfj ala thb alkhwa

Negative Question — Past Simple Didn't + subjekt + V1? didint + dha subdzjekt + wie wan Didn't you see him? didint joe sj him alm trh

Negative Question — Be Isn't/Aren't/Wasn't/Weren't + subjekt...? izint/aarnt/wazint/wirnt + dha subdzjekt Isn't he ready? izint hie ridj aljs mstadana

Negative Question — Continuous Isn't/Aren't + subjekt + verb + ing? izint/aarnt + dha subdzjekt + fal + ingh Isn't she working? izint shie wirkingh ala taml

Negative Question — Perfect Haven't/Hasn't + subjekt + V3? havint/hazint + dha subdzjekt + wie thrj Haven't you finished? havint joe finisjt alm tnthi

Negative Question — Future Won't + subjekt + V1? woont + dha subdzjekt + wie wan Won't you come with us? woont joe kam widh aas ala tatj mana

Negative Question — Modal Modal negative + subjekt + V1? moodal niegetief + dha subdzjekt + wie wan Can't you help me? kent joe hilb mj ala tsttja msaadtj

Full Negative Question Auxiliary + subjekt + not + V1...? auksiljeri + dha subdzjekt + noet + wie wan Do you not know? dw joe noet nw ala tarf

I am — Tag I am + ..., aren't I? ai am + ... aarnt aaj I am right, aren't I? ai am rajt aarnt aaj ana hk aljs kdhlk

grunderna

positiv sats → negativ tag You like it, don't you?

negativ sats → positiv tag You don't like it, do you?

Negativ fråga = fråga med negation Don't you like it?

Tag Question = sats + kort fråga You like it, don't you?

om det finns ett hjälpverb används det i Tag She is working, isn't she?

om inget hjälpverb finns i Present/Past Simple används do/does/did He works, doesn't he?

Negativ fråga: huvudverbet står i grundform V1 efter do/does/did Didn't you go? och inte ❌ Didn't you went?

svar med Yes/No följer den faktiska innebörden Don't you like coffee? → Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

20- alafaal alnaksa waltrakjb alnaksa (MODAL WORDS)

Modal Arabiskt uttal betydelse alasasj balarbja Arabiskt uttal av exemplet översättning

can kan jsttja / jmkn I can swim. ai kan swim. asttja alsbaha.

could koed asttaa / kan jsttja / jmkn an I could swim when I was five. ai koed swim win ai waz fajf. knt asttja alsbaha andma kan amrj chms snwat.

may maj kd / jdjwz / jmkn It may rain. it maj rjn. kd tmtr.

might majt kd / rbma It might rain. it majt rjn. rbma tmtr.

must mast jdjb / la bd an You must leave. joe mast ljf. jdjb an tghadr.

shall sjal swf / jnbghj / hl trjd an... Shall we go? sjal wj ghw hl ndhhb

should sjoed jnbghj / jdjb an You should rest. joe sjoed rist. jnbghj an trtah.

will wil swf / sj I will help you. ai wil hilb joe. sasaadk.

would woed swf mnzwr almadj / swf voorwaarde / tlb mhdhb I would help you. ai woed hilb joe. knt sasaadk / sasaadk loo...

ought to awt toe jnbghj / almftrd an You ought to study. joe awt toe stadj. jnbghj an tdrs.

al central modal aadaan jatj badh V1:

modal + V1

:

She can speak English.

shie kan sbjk inghlisj.

hie tsttja althdth bEngels.

wljs:

❌ She can speaks.

2. mana kl Modal hsb alwzjfa

alwzjfa Modal words / expressions betydelse

Ability — alkdra can, could, be able to jsttja

Possibility — alahtmal can, could, may, might, might possibly jmkn / kd / rbma

Permission — alidhn can, could, may, might jmkn / hl jmknnj

Request — can, could, will, would, may hl jmknk / hl tmana

Advice — alnsjha should, ought to, had better jnbghj / alafdl

Obligation — alilzam must, have to, have got to, need to jdjb

Necessity — aldrwra must, have to, need to jdjb / aldrwrj

Prohibition — almna must not, cannot/can't, may not mmnwa / la jdjwz

Expectation — altwka should, ought to, be supposed to almftrd

Prediction — altnbw will, shall, should, ought to swf / almtwka

Willingness — alastadad will, would swf / mstad l

Refusal — alrfd will not, won't, would not, wouldn't jrfd / ln

Habit — alaada would, will kan jfal / jfal aadaan

Hypothetical — alaftrad would, could, might kan jmkn / swf loo

Deduction — alastntadj must, can't, couldn't, may, might la bd / la jmkn / rbma

Regret — alndm should have, ought to have, could have, would have kan jnbghj / kan jmkn

Past possibility may have, might have, could have rbma hdth

Past deduction must have, can't have, couldn't have la bd anh / la jmkn anh

3. Semi-Modals — asjbah alafaal alnaksa

hdhh ljst central modal verbs lknha twdj wzajf modal msjabha.

Modal expression Arabiskt uttal betydelse uttal exempel översättning

have to hav toe jdjb I have to go. ai hav toe ghw. jdjb an adhhb.

has to haz toe jdjb She has to work. shie haz toe wirk. jdjb aljha an taml.

had to had toe kan jdjb I had to leave. ai had toe ljf. kan jdjb an aghadr.

have got to hav ghat toe jdjb I have got to go. ai hav ghat toe ghw. jdjb an adhhb.

has got to haz ghat toe jdjb He has got to leave. hie haz ghat toe ljf. jdjb an jghadr.

had better had bitar alafdl an You had better go. joe had bitar ghw. alafdl an tdhhb.

be able to bie ijboel toe jkwn kadrana She is able to swim. shie iz ijboel toe swim. tsttja alsbaha.

be unable to bie aanijboel toe kadr He is unable to walk. hie iz aanijboel toe wwk. hw kadr almsjj.

be allowed to bie alawd toe joesmh lh an We are allowed to leave. wj ar alawd toe ljf. joesmh lna balmghadra.

be permitted to bie barmitid toe joesmh lh an You are permitted to enter. joe ar barmitid toe intar. joesmh lk baldchwl.

be supposed to bie sabwzd toe almftrd an You are supposed to wait. joe ar sabwzd toe wjt. almftrd an tntzr.

be required to bie rikwajrd toe mtlwb mnh an You are required to sign. joe ar rikwajrd toe sajn. mtlwb mnk an twka.

be expected to bie iksbiktid toe mtwka mnh an They are expected to arrive. dhei ar iksbiktid toe arajv. almtwka an jslwa.

be willing to bie wilingh toe mstad l I am willing to help. ai am wilingh toe hilb. ana mstad llmsaada.

be unwilling to bie aanwilingh toe mstad l He is unwilling to cooperate. hie iz aanwilingh toe kwawbarjt. hw mstad lltaawn.

be likely to bie lajklj toe almhtml an She is likely to win. shie iz lajklj toe win. almhtml an tfwz.

be unlikely to bie aanlajklj toe almhtml an He is unlikely to come. hie iz aanlajklj toe kam. almhtml an jatj.

4. Need — Modal-like

need lha astamalan mhman.

Modal need

Need I go?

njd ai ghw

hl ahtadj aldhhab

You needn't worry.

joe njdint woerj.

la daaj lan tklk.

Main verb need

I need to go.

ai njd toe ghw.

ahtadj aldhhab.

alsjkl uttal betydelse

need njd jhtadj / jnbghj aljh

needn't njdint la jhtadj / la daaj

need to njd toe jhtadj an

don't need to dwnt njd toe la jhtadj an

didn't need to didint njd toe lm jhtdj an

5. Dare — Modal-like

dare jmkn an taml kfal aadj aw k modal-like verb.

Dare I ask?

djr ai aask

hl adjrw alswal

How dare you!

haw djr joe!

kjf tdjrw!

alsjkl uttal betydelse

dare djr jdjrw

daren't djrint la jdjrw

dare not djr noet la jdjrw

don't dare dwnt djr la tdjrw

6. Used to — aada almadj

used to ljst central modal lknha modal-like construction mhma.

I used to live there.

ai joewst toe lief dhjr.

knt aajsj hnak.

betydelse:

used to + V1

= aada aw hala kent mwdjwda almadj wlm tad kdhlk aadaan.

7. Be going to

toestchdm lltabjr chta aw nja mstkblja aw twka mbnj dljl.

I am going to study.

ai am ghwjngh toe stadj.

sadrs / anwj an adrs.

It is going to rain.

it iz ghwjngh toe rjn.

stmtr alardjh.

8. Modal expressions llahtmal

hdhh ljst klha modal verbs lknha modal expressions mhma djdana.

altabjr Arabiskt uttal betydelse

perhaps birhabs rbma

maybe mjbj rbma

possibly bwsiblj rbma / almmkn

probably brabablj alardjh

likely lajklj mhtml

unlikely aanlajklj mhtml

certainly sirtanlj baltakjd

definitely difinitlj baltakjd

surely sjwrlj baltakjd / la bd

apparently abarantlj ma jbdw

presumably brizwmablj alardjh / joeftrd

conceivably kansjvablj almmkn nzrjana

arguably aarghjwablj jmkn alkwl in

necessarily nisisjrilj baldrwra

not necessarily noet nisisjrilj ljs baldrwra

:

She will probably come.

shie wil brabablj kam.

almhtml an tatj.

9. Expressions of necessity — tabjrat aldrwra

altabjr uttal betydelse

must mast jdjb

have to hav toe jdjb

have got to hav ghat toe jdjb

need to njd toe jhtadj / jdjb

be required to bie rikwajrd toe mtlwb mnh

be obliged to bie aoeblajdjd toe moelzm b

be compelled to bie kambild toe moedjbr

be forced to bie fwrst toe moedjbr

be necessary to bie nisisirj toe aldrwrj an

be essential to bie iisinsjal toe aldrwrj djdana an

10. Expressions of advice — tabjrat alnsjha

altabjr uttal betydelse

should sjoed jnbghj

ought to awt toe jnbghj

had better had bitar alafdl

might want to majt woont toe kd trghb / alafdl an

could koed jmknk / rbma alafdl

be advised to bie adfajzd toe joensh ban

it would be wise to it woed bie wajz toe alhkma an

it would be better to it woed bie bitar toe sjkwn alafdl an

:

You might want to check again.

joe majt woont toe tsjik agjn.

kd jkwn alafdl an tthkk mra achra.

11. Expressions of permission — alidhn

altabjr uttal betydelse

can kan jmkn

could koed hl jmkn

may maj jdjwz / jmkn

might majt hl jmknnj bsjgha sjdjda alrsmja/althfz

be allowed to bie alawd toe joesmh lh

be permitted to bie barmitid toe joesmh lh

be authorized to bie awtharajzd toe mchwl lh

be entitled to bie intajtald toe lh alhk

12. Expressions of ability — alkdra

altabjr uttal betydelse

can kan jsttja

could koed kan jsttja

be able to bie ijboel toe jkwn kadrana

be capable of bie kajbaboel aoev jkwn kadrana

manage to manidj toe jtmkn

succeed in saksjd in jndjh

:

She was able to solve the problem.

shie waz ijboel toe swlv dha brablim.

tmknt hl almsjkla.

13. Expressions of expectation

altabjr uttal betydelse

should sjoed almtwka an

ought to awt toe almftrd an

be supposed to bie sabwzd toe almftrd an

be expected to bie iksbiktid toe almtwka an

be due to bie djw toe almkrr an

be scheduled to bie skadjoewld toe almkrr an

:

The train is due to arrive at six.

dha trjn iz djw toe arajv et siks.

almkrr an jsl alktar alsadsa.

14. Expressions of willingness

altabjr uttal betydelse

will wil swf / mstad

would woed kan mstadana / hl twd

be willing to bie wilingh toe jkwn mstadana

be happy to bie habj toe jkwn sajdana/mstadana

be prepared to bie bripjrd toe jkwn mstadana

be ready to bie redie toe jkwn djahzana

15. Expressions of refusal

altabjr uttal betydelse

will not / won't wil noet / woont ln / jrfd

would not / wouldn't woed noet / woedint lm jkn mstadana / rfd

refuse to rifjwz toe jrfd an

decline to diklajn toe jrfd / jmtna

be unwilling to bie aan wilingh toe mstad an

16. Past Modal Constructions

hdhh mhma djdana lan al modal jmkn an jthdth almadj.

altrkjb uttal betydelse

could have + V3 koed hav + wie thrj kan jmkn an

may have + V3 maj hav + wie thrj rbma kd

might have + V3 majt hav + wie thrj rbma kan kd

must have + V3 mast hav + wie thrj la bd anh kd

can't have + V3 kent hav + wie thrj la jmkn anh kd

couldn't have + V3 koedint hav + wie thrj la jmkn anh kd

should have + V3 sjoed hav + wie thrj kan jnbghj an

ought to have + V3 awt toe hav + wie thrj kan jnbghj an

would have + V3 woed hav + wie thrj kan sj

needn't have + V3 njdint hav + wie thrj lm jkn aldrwrj an

:

You should have called me.

joe sjoed hav kwld mie.

kan jnbghj an ttsl bie.

17. Modal + Progressive

jmkn ll modal an jatj be + fal + ing:

modal + be + fal + ing

altrkjb uttal betydelse

can be + fal + ing He can be working. hie kan bie wirkingh. kd jkwn jaml / jmkn an jkwn jaml

could be + fal + ing He could be working. hie koed bie wirkingh. rbma jkwn jaml

may be + fal + ing He may be working. hie maj bie wirkingh. kd jkwn jaml

might be + fal + ing He might be working. hie majt bie wirkingh. rbma jkwn jaml

must be + fal + ing He must be working. hie mast bie wirkingh. la bd anh jaml

should be + fal + ing He should be working. hie sjoed bie wirkingh. almftrd an jkwn jaml

will be + fal + ing He will be working. hie wil bie wirkingh. sjkwn jaml

would be + fal + ing He would be working. hie woed bie wirkingh. kan sjkwn jaml

18. Modal + Perfect Progressive

modal + have been + fal + ing

:

She may have been working.

shie maj hav wirkingh.

rbma kent taml.

altrkjb betydelse

could have been + fal + ing rbma kan jmkn an jkwn jfal

may have been + fal + ing rbma kan jfal

might have been + fal + ing rbma kan jfal

must have been + fal + ing la bd anh kan jfal

should have been + fal + ing kan jnbghj an jkwn jfal

would have been + fal + ing kan sjzl/sjkwn jfal

19. Modal + Passive

modal + be + V3

:

The work must be finished.

dha wirk mast bie finisjt.

jdjb an jtm indjaz alaml.

altrkjb

can be + V3 It can be done.

could be + V3 It could be done.

may be + V3 It may be done.

might be + V3 It might be done.

must be + V3 It must be done.

should be + V3 It should be done.

will be + V3 It will be done.

would be + V3 It would be done.

20. Modal + Perfect Passive

modal + have been + V3

:

It should have been done.

it sjoed hav dan.

kan jnbghj an jtm dhlk.

altrkjb betydelse

could have been + V3 kan jmkn an jkwn kd tm

may have been + V3 rbma kan kd tm

might have been + V3 rbma kan kd tm

must have been + V3 la bd anh kd tm

should have been + V3 kan jnbghj an jkwn kd tm

would have been + V3 kan sjoendjz / kan sjhdth

21- THERE IS / HAVE / BE

typ Arabiskt uttal av den engelska formen fullständigt exempel Arabiskt uttal av exemplet Svensk översättning

mfrd — mthbt There is + substantiv mfrd dhjr iz + nawn There is a book on the table. dhjr iz a book awn dha tjboel. jwdjd bok på bordet.

djma — mthbt There are + substantiv djma dhjr ar + nawn There are two books on the table. dhjr ar tw boeks awn dha tjboel. jwdjd böcker på bordet.

substantiv madwd There is + substantiv madwd dhjr iz + aankawntaboel nawn There is some water in the bottle. dhjr iz sam wwtr in dha bwtoel. jwdjd vissa almaa alzdjadja.

mfrd — mnfj There isn't + substantiv mfrd dhjr izint + nawn There isn't a book here. dhjr izint a book hjr. la jwdjd bok hna.

djma — mnfj There aren't + substantiv djma dhjr aarnt + nawn There aren't any books here. dhjr aarnt inj boeks hjr. la twdjd aj ktb hna.

swal — mfrd Is there + substantiv mfrd...? iz dhjr + nawn Is there a problem? iz dhjr a brablim hl twdjd msjkla

swal — djma Are there + substantiv djma...? ar dhjr + nawn Are there any problems? ar dhjr inj brablimz hl twdjd aj msjakl

swal mnfj — mfrd Isn't there + substantiv mfrd...? izint dhjr + nawn Isn't there a problem? izint dhjr a brablim ala twdjd msjkla

swal mnfj — djma Aren't there + substantiv djma...? aarnt dhjr + nawn Aren't there any problems? aarnt dhjr inj brablimz ala twdjd aj msjakl

madj mfrd There was + substantiv mfrd dhjr waz + nawn There was a problem. dhjr waz a brablim. kent hnak msjkla.

madj djma There were + substantiv djma dhjr wur + nawn There were many people. dhjr wur minj bjboel. kan hnak kthjr alnas.

madj mfrd mnfj There wasn't + substantiv mfrd dhjr wazint + nawn There wasn't a problem. dhjr wazint a brablim. lm tkn hnak msjkla.

madj djma mnfj There weren't + substantiv djma dhjr wirnt + nawn There weren't many people. dhjr wirnt minj bjboel. lm jkn hnak kthjr alnas.

madj swal Was there + substantiv mfrd...? waz dhjr + nawn Was there a problem? waz dhjr a brablim hl kent hnak msjkla

madj djma swal Were there + substantiv djma...? wur dhjr + nawn Were there many people? wur dhjr minj bjboel hl kan hnak kthjr alnas

mstkbl There will be + substantiv dhjr wil bie + nawn There will be a meeting tomorrow. dhjr wil bie a mjtingh toemwrw. sjkwn hnak adjtmaa imorgon.

mstkbl mnfj There won't be + substantiv dhjr woont bie + nawn There won't be a meeting tomorrow. dhjr woont bie a mjtingh toemwrw. ln jkwn hnak adjtmaa imorgon.

mstkbl swal Will there be + substantiv...? wil dhjr bie + nawn Will there be a meeting tomorrow? wil dhjr bie a mjtingh toemwrw hl sjkwn hnak adjtmaa imorgon

Present Perfect There has/have been + substantiv dhjr haz/hav + nawn There has been a mistake. dhjr haz a mistjk. hdth chta / kent hnak ghlta.

Past Perfect There had been + substantiv dhjr had + nawn There had been a problem. dhjr had a brablim. kent hnak msjkla.

Modal There can/may/might/must/should be + substantiv dhjr kan/maj/majt/mast/sjoed bie + nawn There may be a problem. dhjr maj bie a brablim. kd tkwn hnak msjkla.

1. Have = jmlk / ldjh

typ Arabiskt uttal av den engelska formen fullständigt exempel Arabiskt uttal av exemplet Svensk översättning

I / you / we / they ämne + have + substantiv dha subdzjekt + haf + dha nawn I have a car. ai haf uh kaar. ldj bil.

he / she / it ämne + has + substantiv dha subdzjekt + haz + dha nawn She has a car. shie haz uh kaar. ldjha bil.

Have används: I, you, we, they

Has används: he, she, it

2. negation have

typ Arabiskt uttal av den engelska formen fullständigt exempel Arabiskt uttal av exemplet Svensk översättning

nfj I/you/we/they ämne + do not + have + substantiv dha subdzjekt + dw noet + haf + dha nawn I do not have a car. ai dw noet haf uh kaar. jag har ingen bil.

nfj he/she/it ämne + does not + have + substantiv dha subdzjekt + daz noet + haf + dha nawn She does not have a car. shie daz noet haf uh kaar. hon har ingen bil.

lahz an does nawd have wljs has:

She doesn't have a car. ✅

She doesn't has a car. ❌

3. have

typ Arabiskt uttal av den engelska formen fullständigt exempel Arabiskt uttal av exemplet Svensk översättning

swal I/you/we/they Do + ämne + have + substantiv dw + dha subdzjekt + haf + dha nawn Do you have a car? dw joe haf uh kar har du en bil?

swal he/she/it Does + ämne + have + substantiv daz + dha subdzjekt + haf + dha nawn Does she have a car? daz shie haf uh kar har hon en bil?

4. Have kfal msaad llazmna

hna have la tanj "jmlk" bl tsaad tkwjn Perfect tenses.

Arabiskt uttal av den engelska formen översättning

Present Perfect ämne + have/has + V3 dha subdzjekt + haf/haz + wie thrj I have finished. lkd anthjt.

Present Perfect Continuous ämne + have/has + been + fal + ing dha subdzjekt + haf/haz + + fal + ingh I have been working. lkd knt aaml.

Past Perfect ämne + had + V3 dha subdzjekt + had + wie thrj I had finished. knt kd anthjt.

Past Perfect Continuous ämne + had + been + fal + ing dha subdzjekt + had + + fal + ingh I had been working. knt kd amlt / knt aaml.

alfrk almhm

I have a car.

→ have = jmlk

I have finished.

→ have = fal msaad ltkwjn Present Perfect.

5. Have to = jdjb / jtajn aljh

have to tabr aldrwra aw alaltzam.

typ Arabiskt uttal av den engelska formen fullständigt exempel Svensk översättning

I/you/we/they ämne + have to + V1 dha subdzjekt + haf tw + wie wan I have to work. jdjb an aaml.

he/she/it ämne + has to + V1 dha subdzjekt + haz tw + wie wan She has to work. jdjb aljha an taml.

almadj ämne + had to + V1 dha subdzjekt + had tw + wie wan I had to work. kan jdjb alj an aaml.

almstkbl ämne + will have to + V1 dha subdzjekt + wil haf tw + wie wan I will have to work. sjtajn alj an aaml.

6. Have got = ldjh / jmlk

Engelska chswsana albrjtanja jmkn astchdam:

have got / has got

översättning

ämne + have got + substantiv I have got a car. ldj bil.

ämne + has got + substantiv She has got a car. ldjha bil.

negation:

I haven't got a car.

= ljs ldj bil.

:

Have you got a car?

= hl ldjk bil

Imperatives — imperativ

typ Arabiskt uttal av den engelska formen Arabiskt uttal av exemplet betydelse

alamr almthbt verb wie wan Come here. kam hjr. taal hna.

alamr mfawl verb + wie wan + ubdzjekt Read the book. ried dha bok. akra boken.

alamr almnfj Don't + verb dwnt + wie wan Don't run. dwnt ran. la trkd.

negation alrsmj Do not + verb dw noet + wie wan Do not enter. dw noet intar. la tdchl.

Be Be + adjektiv bie + edzjektief Be careful. bie kjrfoel. kn hdhrana.

nfj Be Don't be + adjektiv dwnt bie + edzjektief Don't be late. dwnt bie ljt. la ttachr.

Let me Let + me + verb lit + mie + wie wan Let me help you. lit mie hilb joe. danj asaadk.

Let him/her/them Let + + verb lit + ubdzjekt + wie wan Let him go. lit him ghw. dah jdhhb.

Let's Let's + verb lits + wie wan Let's go. lits ghw. lndhhb.

Let's almnfj Let's not + verb lits noet + wie wan Let's not wait. lits noet wajt. dana la nntzr.

alamr almhdhb Please + verb bljz + wie wan Please sit down. bljz sit dawn. fdlk adjls.

alamr lltakjd Do + verb dw + wie wan Do sit down. dw sit dawn. tfdl baldjlws.

alnhj alkwj Never + verb nivar + wie wan Never give up. nivar giv aab. la tstslm abdana.

aada/nsjha Always + verb awlwjz + wie wan Always be careful. awlwjz bie kjrfoel. kn hdhrana dajmana.

passiva imperativ Be + altsrjf althalth bie + wie thrj Be prepared. bie bribjrd. kn mstadana.

amr + ntjdja verb + and + mening wie wan + and + klwz Study hard, and you will pass. stadj hard and joe wil bas. adrs bdjd wstndjh.

amr + thdhjr verb + or + mening wie wan + awr + klwz Hurry up, or you'll be late. harj aab awr joel bie ljt. asra wila sttachr.

amr + swal dhajlj verb, will you? wie wan wil jw Wait here, will you? wajt hjr wil jw antzr hna hsnana

Let's + swal dhajlj Let's + verb, shall we? lits + wie wan sjal wj Let's go, shall we? lits ghw sjal wj lndhhb aljs kdhlk

22- allwahk (SUFFIXES)

Prefix Arabische uitspraak betydelse balarbja betydelse

a- uh / ijh bdwn / ljs atypical nmtj

ab- aab bajdana abduct jchttf

ad- aad nhw / adjoin jlthk

ambi- aambij kla / ambiguous ghamd

ante- antij antecedent sabk

anti- antij dd antiwar mnahd llhrb

arch- aartsj rjjsj / aala archbishop rjjs asakfa

auto- awtw dhatj automatic aalj

bi- bai athnan bilingual thnajj taal

circum- sirkam circumference mhjt

co- kw cooperate jtaawn

contra- kwntra dd contradict jnakd

counter- kawntar mdad / mkabl counterattack hdjwm mdad

de- dj izala / aks deactivate jatl

deca- djka asjra decade akd

deci- disj aoesjr decimeter djsjmtr

demi- dimij nsf demigod nsf ilh

dis- dis nfj / aks / anfsal disagree jchtlf

dys- dis swa / sawba dysfunction chll wzjfj

eco- ijkw bjjj ecosystem nzam bjjj

ecto- iiktw chardj ectoderm aladjm alzahr

endo- iindw dachl endoskeleton hjkl dachlj

epi- iibij / epidermis albsjra

eu- joe djjd euphemism tabjr mltf

ex- iiks sabk / chardj ex-president rjjs sabk

extra- ikstra chardj / idafj extraordinary astthnajj

fore- foor / amam forecast tnbw

geo- djjw ard geography djghrafja

hemi- himij nsf hemisphere nsf alkra

hetero- hitirw mchtlf heterogeneous mtdjans

homo- hwmw mtsjabh / nfs homogeneous mtdjans

hyper- hajbr / mfrt hyperactive mfrt alnsjat

hypo- hajbw / akl hypothermia anchfad alhrara

in- iin ljs / dachl inactive nsjt

im- iim ljs / dachl impossible msthjl

il- iil ljs illegal kanwnj

ir- iir ljs irregular mntzm

infra- infra infrared alahmr

inter- intar international dwlj

intra- intra dachl intranet sjbka dachlja

intro- intrw aldachl introduce jkdm

iso- aajsw mtsawin isotope nzjr

macro- makrw kbjr macroeconomics alaktsad alklj

mal- mal sjj / swa malfunction chll

mega- mjgha dchm megastore mtdjr dchm

meta- mita / wraa metadata bjanat wsfja

micro- majkrw sghjr microscope mdjhr

mid- mid wst midnight mntsf alljl

mini- minj sghjr minibus hafla sghjra

mono- mwnw wahd monolingual ahadj taal

multi- maltj mtadd multilingual mtadd allghat

neo- nijoew djdjd neologism klma msthdtha

non- nwn / ljs nonstandard majarj

omni- awmnj kl omniscient aljm bkl sjja

out- aawt chardj / akthr outperform jtfwk

over- awvar akthr allazm / overcook jtbch akthr allazm

paleo- balijoew kdjm paleolithic alasr alhdjrj alkdjm

pan- ban kl pan-European awrwbj sjaml

para- bara bdjanb / sjbh paranormal chark lltbjaa

peri- birj perimeter mhjt

poly- balj kthjr / mtadd polyglot mtadd allghat

post- bwst postwar ma alhrb

pre- brj prehistory ma altarjch

pro- brw alamam / mwjd pro-democracy mwjd lldjmkratja

proto- brwtw awlj / aslj prototype nmwdhdj awlj

pseudo- swdw zajf / sjbjh pseudonym substantiv mstaar

re- rj mra achra rewrite jajd het boeka

retro- rjtrw alchlf retroactive bathr rdjaj

semi- simij nsf / djzjj semicircle nsf dajra

sub- sab / fraj submarine ghwasa

super- swpar / sjdjd superhuman bsjrj

supra- swpra supranational kwmj

syn- sin / maana synchronize jzamn

tele- tili bajd telephone hatf

trans- tranz abr transport jnkl

tri- traj thlatha triangle zoalsth

ultra- aaltra abad / mfrt ultramodern hdjth djdana

un- aan ljs / aks unhappy sajd

under- andar / akl underpaid mnchfd aladjr

uni- joewnj wahd unilateral ahadj aldjanb

vice- vajs najb vice-president najb alrjjs

with- widh bajdana / dd withdraw jnshb

Suffixes — allwahk

Suffix Arabische uitspraak alwzjfa betydelse

-er iar sjchs jkwm bverb teacher malm

-or aar sjchs jkwm bverb actor mzoals

-ar aar sjchs mrtbt bverb beggar mtswl

-ist iist sjchs mchts artist fnan

-ian jan sjchs mrtbt bmdjal musician mwsjkj

-ant aant sjchs/sjja jkwm bverb assistant msaad

-ent aant sjchs jkwm bverb student talb

-ee ij mtlkj verb employee mwzf

-ess iis mwnth actress mzoalsa

-ness nis hala/sfa happiness saada

-ity iitj hala/sfa activity nsjat

-ty tj hala/sfa safety slama

-ship sjip hala/alaka friendship sdaka

-hood hoed hala/mrhla childhood tfwla

-dom dam hala/mdjal kingdom mmlka

-th th hala/sfa warmth dfa

-ment mant ntjdja/amlja development ttwr

-tion sjan amlja/ntjdja education taljm

-sion djan / sjan amlja/ntjdja decision krar

-ion jan / sjan amlja/ntjdja action idjraa

-ation ijsjan amlja organization tnzjm

-al aal amlja/ntjdja arrival wswl

-ance aans hala/amlja appearance mzhr

-ence aans hala existence wdjwd

-ancy aansj hala expectancy twka

-ency aansj hala efficiency kfaaa

-age iidj ntjdja/amlja marriage zwadj

-ure jar ntjdja/hala failure fsjl

-ing ingh substantiv fal/nsjat swimming sbaha

-ism iizam mdhhb/fkra capitalism rasmalja

-cracy krasj nzam hkm democracy djmkratja

-crat krat sjchs nzam democrat djmkratj

-archy aarkj nzam hkm monarchy mlkja

-arch aark hakm/kajd monarch mlk

-logy ladjj alm/drasa biology alm alahjaa

-graphy ghrafj boeka/wsf geography djghrafja

-graph ghraf adaa/sjja jktb autograph twkja

-meter mjtr adaa kjas thermometer mkjas hrara

-metry mtrj amlja kjas geometry hndsa

-scope skwb adaa llrwja telescope tlskwb

-scopy skoebj fhs bsrj microscopy fhs balmdjhr

-nomy namj nzam/kanwn astronomy alm alflk

-phobia fwbja chwf arachnophobia rhab alanakb

-phile fajl mhb bibliophile mhb alktb

-philia filja hb/mjl audiophilia hb alswt

-phone fwn swt/djhaz swt telephone hatf

-phony fanj swt/nzam swt symphony sjmfwnja

-path bath sjchs jaanj/mchts psychopath mchtl nfsjana

-pathy bathj hala/mrd neuropathy aatlal asbj

-itis aajtis althab arthritis althab almfasl

-osis awsis hala/mrd diagnosis tsjchjs

-emia ijmja hala aldm anemia fkr aldm

-oma awma wrm/ktla carcinoma srtan

-ectomy iktamj astjsal djrahj appendectomy astjsal alzajda

-otomy awtamj sjk djrahj tracheotomy sjk alksba alhwajja

-plasty blastj islah djrahj rhinoplasty tdjmjl alanf

-let lit tsghjr booklet ktjb

-ling lingh sghjr/nsl duckling frch albt

-ette iit tsghjr kitchenette mtbch sghjr

-kin kin tsghjr manikin mdjsm sghjr

-oid aoewjd sjbjh b humanoid sjbjh balinsan

-esque iisk traz picturesque chlab/tswjrj

-like lajk sjbjh b childlike sjbjh baltfl

-ish iisj sjbjh / nwaana ma greenish majl alachdr

-ster star sjchs mrtbt bverb youngster sjab

-eer ijr sjchs mrtbt bnsjat auctioneer baja balmzad

-ard aard sjchs dhw sfa coward djban

-some sam jsbb/jmjl troublesome mzadj

-worthy wirdhj djdjr b trustworthy djdjr balthka

-proof prwf mkawm l waterproof mkawm llmaa

-free frj chalin sugar-free chalin alskr

-wide wajd mmtd abr worldwide aalmj

-ward ward batdjah backward alchlf

-wise wajz nahja/btrjka clockwise batdjah akarb alsaaa

-fold fwld bmkdar threefold thlatha adaaf

23- alafaal almrkba (PHRASAL VERBS)

Phrasal verb = verb almrkb whw aadaan fal + klma aw akthr zoals up, out, off, on, away, back, in, over.

:

give + up → give up = jstslm / jtwkf sjja

mlahza: ljst kl altrkjbat verb + preposition/adverb mtsjabha nhwjana vissaoeha phrasal verbs wvissa prepositional verbs aw phrasal-prepositional verbs.

1. ahm Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal verb Arabische uitspraak betydelse balarbja fullständigt exempel Arabiskt uttal av exemplet

add up aad aab jdjma / jkwn muitspraakjana The numbers add up. dha nambarz aad aab.

ask for aask foor jtlb She asked for help. shie aaskt foor hilb.

back up bak aab jdam / jnsch ahtjatjana Please back up your files. bljz bak aab jwr fajlz.

break down brjk dawn jtatl / jnhar My car broke down. maj kaar brwk dawn.

break in brjk in jkthm / jtdchl Someone broke in last night. samwan brwk in last najt.

break out brjk aawt jndla / jhrb A fire broke out. uh fajr brwk aawt.

break up brjk aab jnfsl / jnhj alaka They broke up last year. dhei brwk aab last jjr.

bring back bringh bak jajd Please bring back my book. bljz bringh bak maj bwk.

bring in bringh in joedchl They brought in a new manager. dhei broewt in uh njw manidjar.

bring up bringh aab jdhkr / jrbj She brought up an important issue. shie broewt aab aan imbwrtant isjw.

call back kwl bak jtsl mdjddana I'll call you back later. aajl kwl joe bak ljtr.

call off kwl awf jlghj They called off the meeting. dhei kwld awf dha mjtingh.

carry on karj awn jstmr Please carry on working. bljz karj awn wirkingh.

carry out karj aawt jnfdh They carried out the plan. dhei karjd aawt dha blan.

catch up katsj aab jlhk b I need to catch up with you. ai njd tw katsj aab widh joe.

check in tsjik in jsdjl alwswl We checked in at the hotel. wj tsjikt in et dha hwtil.

check out tsjik aawt jghadr / jfhs We checked out at noon. wj tsjikt aawt et nwn.

clean up kljn aab jnzf Clean up your room. kljn aab jwr rwm.

come back kam bak jawd He came back yesterday. hie kjm bak jistardj.

come in kam in jdchl Come in, please. kam in bljz.

come out kam aawt jchrdj / jsdr The new book came out yesterday. dha njw bwk kjm aawt jistardj.

come over kam awvar jatj lzjara Come over tonight. kam awvar twnajt.

cut down kat dawn jkll / jkta I'm trying to cut down on sugar. aajm trajingh tw kat dawn awn sjwghar.

cut off kat awf jkta / jfsl They cut off the electricity. dhei kat awf dhj ilktrisitj.

deal with djl widh jtaaml We need to deal with this problem. wj njd tw djl widh dhis brablim.

do without dw widhawt jstghnj We can do without a car. wj kan dw widhawt uh kaar.

drop off drwb awf jwsl / jnzl I'll drop you off at school. aajl drwb joe awf et skoel.

end up ind aab jnthj bh alamr We ended up staying home. wj indid aab stajingh hwm.

fall apart fwl aabart jtfkk / jnhar The old chair fell apart. dhj awld tsjjr fwl aabart.

fall behind fwl bihaind jtachr He fell behind in class. hie fwl bihaind in klas.

figure out fighjar aawt jfhm / jktsjf alhl I can't figure it out. ai kent fighjar it aawt.

fill in fil in jmla / jhl mhl Please fill in this form. bljz fil in dhis fwrm.

fill out fil aawt jmla nmwdhdjana Fill out the application. fil aawt dhj abljkajsjan.

find out fajnd aawt jktsjf / jarf I found out the truth. ai fawnd aawt dha trwth.

get back ghit bak jawd I'll get back home soon. aajl ghit bak hwm swn.

get in ghit in jdchl Get in the car. ghit in dha kaar.

get off ghit awf jnzl / jghadr wsjla nkl Get off the bus. ghit awf dha bas.

get on ghit awn jsad / jrkb Get on the bus. ghit awn dha bas.

get out ghit aawt jchrdj Get out of the room. ghit aawt aav dha rwm.

get over ghit awvar jtdjawz She got over her fear. shie ghat awvar hur fjr.

get up ghit aab jstjkz / jnhd I get up at seven. ai ghit aab et sivin.

give back ghiv bak jajd Give me back my phone. ghiv mie bak maj fwn.

give in ghiv in jstslm He finally gave in. hie fajnalj ghjf in.

give up ghiv aab jstslm / jtwkf Don't give up. dwnt ghiv aab.

go ahead ghw aahid jtaba / jtkdm Go ahead and start. ghw aahid aand start.

go back ghw bak jawd We went back home. wj wint bak hwm.

go on ghw awn jstmr Please go on. bljz ghw awn.

go out ghw aawt jchrdj We went out last night. wj wint aawt last najt.

grow up ghrw aab jkbr I grew up in Kuwait. ai ghrw aab in alkwjt.

hand in hand in jslm Hand in your homework. hand in jwr hwmwirk.

hang on hangh awn antzr / tmsk Hang on a minute. hangh awn uh minit.

hang out hangh aawt jkdj wktana We hang out together. wj hangh aawt toeghidhar.

hold on hwld awn antzr / tmsk Hold on, please. hwld awn bljz.

keep on kjb awn jstmr Keep on trying. kjb awn trajingh.

keep up kjb aab jhafz almstwa / jwakb Keep up the good work. kjb aab dha ghwd wirk.

kick out kik aawt jtrd They kicked him out. dhei kikt him aawt.

look after lwk aaftr jatnj b She looks after her children. shie lwks aaftr hur tsjildrin.

look for lwk foor jbhth I'm looking for my keys. aajm lwkingh foor maj kiez.

look into lwk intw jhkk We'll look into the problem. wjl lwk intw dha brablim.

look out lwk aawt ahdhr Look out! lwk aawt!

look up lwk aab jbhth malwma Look up the word. lwk aab dha wird.

make up mjk aab jchtlk / jtsalh They made up after the argument. dhei mjd aab aaftr dhj aarghjwmant.

move on mwv awn jntkl altalj It's time to move on. its tajm tw mwv awn.

pick up bik aab jltkt / jachdh Pick up the phone. bik aab dha fwn.

point out bwjnt aawt jsjjr She pointed out a mistake. shie bwjntid aawt uh mistjk.

put away poet aawaj jda djanbana/ mkanh Put your clothes away. poet jwr klwdhz aawaj.

put down poet dawn jda / jkll sjan Put the book down. poet dha bwk dawn.

put off poet awf jwdjl Don't put it off. dwnt poet it awf.

put on poet awn jrtdj / jsjghl Put on your jacket. poet awn jwr djakit.

put out poet aawt jtfj / jchrdj Put out the fire. poet aawt dha fajr.

put up poet aab jrfa / jnsb Put up the picture. poet aab dha biktsjar.

run into ran intw jsadf / jstdm b I ran into an old friend. ai ran intw aan awld frind.

run out ran aawt jnfd We ran out of milk. wj ran aawt aav milk.

set up sit aab jnsjj / jdjhz They set up a new company. dhei sit aab uh njw kambanj.

show up sjw aab jzhr / jhdr He didn't show up. hie didint sjw aab.

shut down sjat dawn jghlk / jwkf The factory shut down. dha faktarj sjat dawn.

sit down sit dawn jdjls Please sit down. bljz sit dawn.

stand up stand aab jkf Please stand up. bljz stand aab.

take back tjk bak jajd / jtradja klam I take back what I said. ai tjk bak woet ai sid.

take off tjk awf jchla / tkla altajra The plane took off. dha bljn toek awf.

take on tjk awn jtwla / jwzf She took on a new job. shie toek awn uh njw djwb.

take out tjk aawt jchrdj / jachdh llchardj Take out the trash. tjk aawt dha trasj.

take over tjk awvar jtwla alsjtra She took over the company. shie toek awvar dha kambanj.

take up tjk aab jbda nsjatana He took up swimming. hie toek aab swimingh.

throw away thrw aawaj jrmj Don't throw it away. dwnt thrw it aawaj.

try on traj awn jdjrb mlabs Try on this shirt. traj awn dhis sjirt.

turn down tirn dawn jrfd / jchfd She turned down the offer. shie tirnd dawn dhj awfar.

turn off tirn awf jtfj Turn off the light. tirn awf dha lajt.

turn on tirn awn jsjghl Turn on the TV. tirn awn dha tj wie.

turn up tirn aab jrfa alswt / jzhr Turn up the volume. tirn aab dha vwljwm.

wake up wjk aab jstjkz I woke up early. ai wwk aab ijrlj.

work out wirk aawt jtmrn / jndjh alhl I work out every day. ai wirk aawt evrie daj.

write down rajt dawn jdwn Write down the answer. rajt dawn dhj aansar.

2. alanwaa alrjjsja

type Arabische uitspraak betydelse

Phrasal verb mtadin kabl llfsl verb + bijwoord + wurb + edwurb + ubdzjekt Turn off the light. atfj aldwa.

verb + pronomen + bijwoord wurb + brwnawn + edwurb Turn it off. atfjh.

kabl llfsl verb + bijwoord/hrf + wurb + edwurb/bribazisjan + ubdzjekt Look after the child. aatni baltfl.

lazm verb + bijwoord wurb + edwurb The plane took off. aklat altajra.

Phrasal-prepositional verb + bijwoord + hrf + wurb + edwurb + bribazisjan + ubdzjekt I look forward to the trip. attla alrhla.

3. almhma: kabl llfsl am la

Turn off kabl llfsl:

Turn off the light.

Turn the light off.

Turn it off. ✅

Turn off it. ❌

lkn look after kabl llfsl:

Look after the child. ✅

Look the child after. ❌

Look after him. ✅

English Contractions

En contraction är en kort form av två eller fler ord. Contractions används ofta i engelskan, särskilt i talat och informellt språk.

Exempel:

I am → I'm → jag är

I have → I've → jag har / jag har ... gjort

I will → I'll → jag ska

I would → I'd → jag skulle / jag hade, beroende på sammanhanget

1- Contracties van BE

am → 'm

I am → I'm → jag är

Example: I'm happy. → Jag är glad.

are → 're

You are → You're → du är / ni är

Example: You're right. → Du har rätt.

We are → We're → vi är

Example: We're ready. → Vi är redo.

They are → They're → de är

Example: They're here. → De är här.

is → 's

He is → He's → han är

Example: He's tired. → Han är trött.

She is → She's → hon är

Example: She's happy. → Hon är glad.

It is → It's → det är

Example: It's cold. → Det är kallt.

2- Contractie van HAVE

have → 've

I have → I've → jag har / jag har ... gjort

Example: I've finished. → Jag är klar.

You have → You've → du har / ni har

Example: You've changed. → Du har förändrats.

We have → We've → vi har / vi har ... gjort

Example: We've arrived. → Vi har kommit fram.

They have → They've → de har / de har ... gjort

Example: They've left. → De har gått.

He has → He's → han har / han har ... gjort

Example: He's finished. → Han är klar.

She has → She's → hon har / hon har ... gjort

Example: She's gone. → Hon har gått iväg.

3- Contractie van WILL

will → 'll

I will → I'll → jag ska

Example: I'll help you. → Jag ska hjälpa dig.

You will → You'll → du kommer att / ni kommer att

Example: You'll understand. → Du kommer att förstå.

He will → He'll → han ska

Example: He'll come tomorrow. → Han kommer i morgon.

She will → She'll → hon ska

Example: She'll call you. → Hon kommer att ringa dig.

We will → We'll → vi ska / vi kommer att

Example: We'll see. → Vi får se.

They will → They'll → de ska / de kommer att

Example: They'll arrive soon. → De kommer snart.

4- Contractie van WOULD

would → 'd

I would → I'd → jag skulle

Example: I'd help you. → Jag skulle hjälpa dig.

You would → You'd → du skulle / ni skulle

Example: You'd like it. → Du skulle tycka om det.

He would → He'd → han skulle

Example: He'd come. → Han skulle komma.

She would → She'd → hon skulle

Example: She'd help us. → Hon skulle hjälpa oss.

We would → We'd → vi skulle

Example: We'd go. → Vi skulle gå.

They would → They'd → de skulle

Example: They'd agree. → De skulle hålla med.

5- Contractie van HAD

had → 'd

I had → I'd → jag hade

Example: I'd finished before he arrived. → Jag var redan klar innan han kom.

You had → You'd → du hade / ni hade

Example: You'd already left. → Du hade redan gått.

He had → He'd → han hade

Example: He'd eaten. → Han hade ätit.

She had → She'd → hon hade

Example: She'd finished. → Hon var klar.

6- Viktigt: 'd har två betydelser

I'd = I would eller I had

I'd go. → Jag skulle gå.

I'd gone. → Jag hade gått.

Vanligtvis kan du känna igen betydelsen på ordet som kommer efteråt.

7- Contractie van NOT

not → n't

is not → isn't → är inte

Example: He isn't here. → Han är inte här.

are not → aren't → är inte

Example: They aren't ready. → De är inte redo.

was not → wasn't → var inte

Example: He wasn't there. → Han var inte där.

were not → weren't → var inte

Example: We weren't late. → Vi var inte sena.

have not → haven't → har inte / har ... inte gjort

Example: I haven't finished. → Jag är inte klar än.

has not → hasn't → har inte / har ... inte gjort

Example: She hasn't arrived. → Hon har inte kommit än.

had not → hadn't → hade inte

Example: He hadn't eaten. → Han hade inte ätit.

do not → don't → inte / gör inte

Example: I don't know. → Jag vet inte.

does not → doesn't → inte / gör inte

Example: He doesn't know. → Han vet inte.

did not → didn't → gjorde inte / har inte ...

Example: I didn't see him. → Jag såg honom inte.

8- Andra vanliga contractions

cannot → can't → kan inte

could not → couldn't → kunde inte

should not → shouldn't → borde inte

would not → wouldn't → skulle inte

must not → mustn't → får inte / måste inte

will not → won't → kommer inte att

Example: I won't go. → Jag kommer inte att gå.

9- Viktig anmärkning

Dessa former är normalt sett inte "suffixes". De är contractions av grammatiska ord. De skrivs med en apostrof och binds samman med ett annat ord.

Exempel:

I + will → I'll

You + have → You've

He + is → He's

They + are → They're

Do + not → Don't

Can + not → Can't

Därför kallar vi dem Contractions = kontraktioner / förkortade former, och inte Suffixes = suffix / ändelser.