1- Alfabeto inglés

1. A a — se pronuncia: ay — /eɪ/ — la letra A se llama «éi»; aproximadamente como el inicio de «hey».

2. B b — se pronuncia: bee — /b/ — la letra B se llama «bi»; sonido /b/, como en book.

3. C c — se pronuncia: cee — /k/, /s/ — la letra C se llama «si»; puede tener el sonido /k/, como en cat, o /s/, como en city.

4. D d — se pronuncia: dee — /d/ — la letra D se llama «di»; sonido /d/, como en dog.

5. E e — se pronuncia: ee — /iː/ — la letra E se llama «i»; sonido como en see.

6. F f — se pronuncia: ef — /f/ — la letra F se llama «ef»; sonido /f/, como en fish.

7. G g — se pronuncia: gee — /ɡ/, /dʒ/ — la letra G se llama «yi»; puede tener /ɡ/, como en go, o /dʒ/, como en giant.

8. H h — se pronuncia: aitch — /h/ — la letra H se llama «eich»; sonido /h/, como en house.

9. I i — se pronuncia: eye — /aɪ/ — la letra I se llama «ai»; como en eye.

10. J j — se pronuncia: jay — /dʒ/ — la letra J se llama «yei»; sonido /dʒ/, como en job.

11. K k — se pronuncia: kay — /k/ — la letra K se llama «kei»; sonido /k/, como en key.

12. L l — se pronuncia: el — /l/ — la letra L se llama «el»; sonido /l/, como en love.

13. M m — se pronuncia: em — /m/ — la letra M se llama «em»; sonido /m/, como en man.

14. N n — se pronuncia: en — /n/ — la letra N se llama «en»; sonido /n/, como en name.

15. O o — se pronuncia: oh — /oʊ/ — la letra O se llama «ou»; sonido /oʊ/, como en go.

16. P p — se pronuncia: pee — /p/ — la letra P se llama «pi»; sonido /p/, como en pen.

17. Q q — se pronuncia: cue — /k/ — la letra Q se llama «kiu»; normalmente se usa con U, como en queen.

18. R r — se pronuncia: ar — /r/ — la letra R se llama «ar»; sonido /r/, como en red.

19. S s — se pronuncia: ess — /s/, /z/ — la letra S se llama «es»; puede tener /s/, como en see, o /z/, como en rose.

20. T t — se pronuncia: tee — /t/ — la letra T se llama «ti»; sonido /t/, como en top.

21. U u — se pronuncia: you — /juː/, /ʌ/ — la letra U se llama «iu»; puede tener distintos sonidos, por ejemplo /juː/ en use y /ʌ/ en cup.

22. V v — se pronuncia: vee — /v/ — la letra V se llama «vi»; sonido /v/, como en very.

23. W w — se pronuncia: double-u — /w/ — la letra W se llama «dábol iu»; sonido /w/, como en water.

24. X x — se pronuncia: ex — /ks/ — la letra X se llama «ex»; normalmente representa /ks/, como en box.

25. Y y — se pronuncia: why — /j/, /aɪ/ — la letra Y se llama «uai»; puede tener /j/, como en yes, o /aɪ/, como en my.

26. Z z — se pronuncia: zee / zed — /z/ — la letra Z se llama «zi / zed»; sonido /z/.

13. M m — tuntq: em — /m/ — alhrf M yusma «im», wswth /m/ mthl: man.

14. N n — tuntq: en — /n/ — alhrf N yusma «in», wswth /n/ mthl: name.

15. O o — tuntq: oh — /oʊ/ — alhrf O yusma «o», wswth /oʊ/ mthl: go.

16. P p — tuntq: pee — /p/ — alhrf P yusma «bi», wswth /p/ mthl: pen.

17. Q q — tuntq: cue — /k/ — alhrf Q yusma «kiu», wghalba yaty mah alhrf U, mthl: queen.

18. R r — tuntq: ar — /r/ — alhrf R yusma «ar», wswth /r/ mthl: red.

19. S s — tuntq: ess — /s/, /z/ — alhrf S yusma «is». ymkn an ykwn swth /s/ mthl: sun, o /z/ mthl: rose.

20. T t — tuntq: tee — /t/ — alhrf T yusma «ty», wswth /t/ mthl: ten.

21. U u — tuntq: u — /juː/, /ʌ/ — alhrf U yusma «iu» /juː/, uimkn an ymthl /ʌ/ mthl: cup.

22. V v — tuntq: vee — /v/ — alhrf V yusma «fy», wswth /v/ mthl: very.

23. W w — tuntq: double-u — /w/ — alhrf W yusma «dabl-iu», wswth /w/ mthl: water.

24. X x — tuntq: ex — /ks/ — alhrf X yusma «iks», wghalba ykwn swth /ks/ mthl: box.

25. Y y — tuntq: why — /j/, /ɪ/, /aɪ/ — alhrf Y yusma «uai». ymkn an ykwn swth /j/ mthl: yes, o /ɪ/ mthl: happy, o /aɪ/ mthl: my.

26. Z z — tuntq: zee* — /z/ — alhrf Z yusma «zy» fy alinylyzya alamrykya. wfy alinylyzya albrytanya yusma ghalba «zed» (zid). swth /z/ mthl: zoo.

2- Orden de las palabras (WORD ORDER)

Tipo Fórmula en árabe Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Ejemplo Pronunciación del ejemplo en letras árabes Traducción

1 Oración básica Sujeto + verbo sábyect + verb I sleep. ai slyb Yo duermo.

2 Objeto directo Sujeto + verbo + objeto directo sábyect + verb + direct obyikt I read a book. ai rid aa buk Yo leo un libro.

3 Objeto indirecto Sujeto + verbo + Objeto indirecto + Objeto directo sábyect + verb + indirect obyikt + direct obyikt I give him a book. ai guiv him aa buk Yo le doy un libro.

4 Beneficiario Sujeto + verbo + objeto directo + for + alshjs sábyect + verb + direct obyikt + for + birsan I buy a book for him. ai bai aa buk for him Le compro un libro.

5 Pronombre de objeto indirecto Sujeto + verbo + Pronombre de objeto indirecto + Objeto directo sábyect + verb + indirect obyikt pronaun + direct obyikt I give her a book. ai guiv har aa buk Le doy un libro.

6 Adjetivo Sujeto + be + Adjetivo sábyect + bi + adyéctiv The book is big. dha buk is big El libro es grande.

7 Adverbio Sujeto + verbo + Adverbio sábyect + verb + ádverb He reads quickly. ji ridz cuíkli Él lee rápidamente.

8 Objeto directo + Adverbio Sujeto + verbo + objeto directo + Adverbio sábyect + verb + direct obyikt + ádverb I read a book quickly. ai rid aa buk cuíkli Leo un libro rápidamente.

9 Adverbio de tiempo Sujeto + verbo + Adverbio de tiempo sábyect + verb + taim ádverb I work today. ai uork tudéi Trabajo hoy.

10 Adverbio de lugar Sujeto + verbo + Adverbio de lugar sábyect + verb + pleis ádverb She lives there. shi livs der Ella vive allí.

11 Frase preposicional Sujeto + be + Frase preposicional sábyect + bi + preposíshonal freis The book is on the table. dha buk is on dha téibol El libro está sobre la mesa.

12 Objeto directo + almkan Sujeto + verbo + objeto directo + Frase de lugar sábyect + verb + direct obyikt + plys pryz I put a book on the table. ai put aa buk on dha téibol Pongo un libro sobre la mesa.

13 mhdd + asm Determinante + Sustantivo ditirminar + nawn This book is new. dhis buk is niu Este libro es nuevo.

14 mhdd + sfa + asm Determinante + Adjetivo + Sustantivo ditirminar + adyéctiv + nawn This big book is new. dhis big buk is niu este libro alkbir ydyd.

15 add + asm Número + Sustantivo núméral + nawn Two books are new. tu buks ar niu Dos libros son nuevos.

16 alatf Sujeto + verbo + and + Sujeto + verbo sábyect + verb + and + sábyect + verb I read and he writes. ai rid and ji raits Yo leo y él escribe.

17 alatf ma almfawlat Sujeto + verbo + objeto directo + and + Sujeto + verbo + objeto directo sábyect + verb + direct obyikt + and + sábyect + verb + direct obyikt I read a book and he writes a letter. ai rid aa buk and ji raits aa léter Leo un libro y él escribe una carta.

18 Pasiva en presente Sujeto + be + Tercera forma del verbo sábyect + bi + vy thry The book is read. dha buk is red El libro es leído.

19 Voz pasiva + Agente Sujeto + be + Tercera forma del verbo + by + Agente sábyect + bi + vy thry + bai + éiyent The book is read by the teacher. dha buk is red bai dha tytshar El libro es leído por el profesor.

20 Voz pasiva + Objeto indirecto Sujeto + be + Tercera forma del verbo + to + Objeto indirecto sábyect + bi + vy thry + tu + indirect obyikt The book is given to him. dha buk is guiven tu him El libro le es dado.

21 Voz pasiva + Objeto indirecto + Agente Sujeto + be + Tercera forma del verbo + to + Objeto indirecto + by + Agente sábyect + bi + vy thry + tu + indirect obyikt + bai + éiyent The book is given to him by the teacher. dha buk is guiven tu him bai dha tytshar El libro le es dado por el profesor.

22 Voz pasiva + Adverbio Sujeto + be + Tercera forma del verbo + Adverbio sábyect + bi + vy thry + ádverb The book is read now. dha buk is red naw El libro se lee ahora.

23 Voz pasiva + almkan Sujeto + be + Tercera forma del verbo + Frase de lugar sábyect + bi + vy thry + loquéishon The book is put on the table. dha buk is put on dha téibol El libro se pone sobre la mesa.

24 Voz pasiva + Agente + Adverbio de tiempo Sujeto + be + Tercera forma del verbo + by + Agente + Adverbio de tiempo sábyect + bi + vy thry + bai + éiyent + taim ádverb The book is read by the teacher today. dha buk is red bai dha tytshar tudéi El libro es leído por el profesor hoy.

25 Voz pasiva + Objeto indirecto + Agente + Adverbio de tiempo Sujeto + be + Tercera forma del verbo + to + Objeto indirecto + by + Agente + Adverbio de tiempo sábyect + bi + vy thry + tu + indirect obyikt + bai + éiyent + taim ádverb The book is given to the student by the teacher today. dha buk is guiven tu dha stiudant bai dha tytshar tudéi El libro es dado al estudiante por el profesor hoy.

26 Presente perfecto Voz pasiva Sujeto + has/have been + Tercera forma del verbo sábyect + jas/jav biyn + vy thry The book has been read. dha buk jas biyn red El libro ya ha sido leído.

27 altam Voz pasiva + Agente Sujeto + has/have been + Tercera forma del verbo + by + Agente sábyect + jas/jav biyn + vy thry + bai + éiyent The book has been read by the teacher. dha buk jas biyn red bai dha tytshar El libro ya ha sido leído por el profesor.

28 almstantes de Voz pasiva Sujeto + will be + Tercera forma del verbo + Tiempo verbal sábyect + uil bi + vy thry + taym The book will be read tomorrow. dha buk uil bi red tumorw El libro será leído mañana.

29 almstantes de Voz pasiva + Agente Sujeto + will be + Tercera forma del verbo + by + Agente + Tiempo verbal sábyect + uil bi + vy thry + bai + éiyent + taym The book will be read by the teacher tomorrow. dha buk uil bi red bai dha tytshar tumorw El libro será leído por el profesor mañana.

30 Voz pasiva ma fal naqs Sujeto + verbo alnaqs + be + Tercera forma del verbo sábyect + móudal verb + bi + vy thry The book must be read. dha buk mast bi red El libro debe ser leído.

31 Negación Sujeto + verbo almsaad + not + Verbo sábyect + oksilyary verb + not + verb I do not read a book. ai du not rid aa buk No leo un libro.

32 Negación de la pasiva Sujeto + be + not + Tercera forma del verbo + by + Agente sábyect + bi + not + vy thry + bai + éiyent The book is not read by the teacher. dha buk is not red bai dha tytshar El libro no es leído por el profesor.

33 Pregunta de sí/no Verbo auxiliar + Sujeto + verbo? oksilyary verb + sábyect + verb? Do you read a book? du iu rid aa buk? ¿Lees un libro?

34 Pregunta en pasiva be + Sujeto + Tercera forma del verbo? bi + sábyect + vy thry? Is the book being read? is dha buk biyngh red? ¿Se lee el libro?

35 Pregunta sobre el sujeto who + Verbo + Objeto directo? hw + verb + direct obyikt? Who reads the book? hw ridz dha buk? ¿Quién lee el libro?

36 Pregunta sobre el objeto indirecto who/whom + Verbo auxiliar + Sujeto + verbo + objeto directo + to? hw/hwm + oksilyary verb + sábyect + verb + direct obyikt + tu? Who do you give the book to? hw du iu guiv dha buk tu? ¿A quién le das el libro?

37 Imperativo Verbo + ...! verb + ...! Read! rid! ¡Lee!

38 alamr + Objeto indirecto Verbo + Objeto directo + to + Objeto indirecto! verb + direct obyikt + tu + indirect obyikt! Give the book to him! guiv dha buk tu him! ¡Dale el libro!

39 Imperativo pasivo let + Objeto directo + be + Tercera forma del verbo! lit + direct obyikt + bi + vy thry! Let the book be read! lit dha buk bi red! ¡Deja que se lea el libro!

40 Infinitivo to + Verbo tu + verb to read tu rid leer / lectura

41 Infinitivo + mfawl mbashr to + Verbo + Objeto directo tu + verb + direct obyikt to read a book tu rid aa buk leer un libro

42 Infinitivo + mfawl mbashr mhdd to + Verbo + Objeto directo Determinante tu + verb + sbisifik direct obyikt to read the book tu rid dha buk leer el libro

43 Finalidad Sujeto + verbo + to + Verbo sábyect + verb + tu + verb I eat to play. ai iyt tu blay Como para jugar.

44 Oración relativa Sustantivo + Palabra relativa + Oración nawn + rélativ uord + cláus The book that I read is interesting. dha buk dat ai rid is ínteresting El libro que leo es interesante.

45 Oración relativa pasiva Sustantivo + Palabra relativa + Voz pasiva nawn + rélativ uord + vois The book that is being read by the teacher is interesting. dha buk dat is biyngh red bai dha tytshar is ínteresting El libro que lee el profesor es interesante.

46 Condicional if + Oración, Sujeto + verbo if + cláus, sábyect + verb If I have time, I read. if ai jav taym, ai rid Si tengo tiempo, leo.

47 Condicional + pasiva if + Sujeto + be + Tercera forma del verbo, Sujeto + verbo if + sábyect + bi + vy thry, sábyect + verb If the book is read, he learns. if dha buk is red, ji lerns Si se lee el libro, él aprende.

48 Estilo indirecto Sujeto + verbo + that + Sujeto + verbo sábyect + verb + dat + sábyect + verb He said that he was reading. ji sid dat ji wuz ridingh Dijo que estaba leyendo.

49 Pregunta indirecta Sujeto + verbo + if/whether + Sujeto + verbo sábyect + verb + if/uíder + sábyect + verb He asked if I was reading. ji askt if ai wuz ridingh Preguntó si yo leía.

50 Orden o petición indirecta Sujeto + verbo + almfawl + to + Verbo sábyect + verb + obyikt + tu + verb He asked me to read. ji askt mi tu rid Me pidió que leyera.

alzrwf:

1 altryqa (Manner): yaty zrf altryqa bad Verbo o Objeto. Sujeto + verbo + Objeto + Adverbio. I read the book quickly. — ai rid dha buk cuíkli. — ana aqra allibro bsraa.

2 almkan (Place): yaty Adverbio de lugar bad Verbo o Objeto. Sujeto + verbo + Objeto + almkan. I read the book at home. — ai rid dha buk at hwm. — ana aqra allibro fy almnzl.

3 alzman (Time): yaty Adverbio de tiempo aada fy nhaya Oración o fy bdaytha. Sujeto + verbo + Objeto + alzman. I read the book yesterday. — ai rid dha buk yistarday. — qratu allibro ams.

4 altkrar (Frequency): yaty zrf altkrar aada antes de Verbo alryysy. Sujeto + zrf altkrar + Verbo. I often read books. — ai ofin rid buks. — ana ghalba aqra alktb.

5 altkrar ma fal alkynwna (Frequency + be): yaty zrf altkrar bad fal alkynwna. Sujeto + fal alkynwna + zrf altkrar. He is always happy. — ji is oluiz habi. — hw dayma sayd.

6 altkrar ma Verbo auxiliar (Frequency + auxiliary): yaty zrf altkrar bad ol fal msaad. Sujeto + verbo almsaad + zrf altkrar + Verbo. I have never seen it. — ai haf nivar syn it. — ana lm arh qt.

7 aldrya (Degree): yaty zrf aldrya antes de Adjetivo o Adverbio aldhy ysfh. Sujeto + zrf aldrya + Adjetivo / Adverbio. It is very good. — it is vyry ghud. — inh yyd yda.

8 aldrya ma Verbo (Degree + verb): ymkn an yaty zrf aldrya antes de Verbo o badh, hsb Adverbio almstjdm. Sujeto + verbo + Adverbio. I really like it. — ai ryly layk it. — ana ahbh hqa.

9 zrf Oración (Sentence adverb): ymkn an yaty fy bdaya Oración o wstha o nhaytha, uiabr an mwqf almthdth tyah Oración klha. Adverbio + Oración. Fortunately, I won. — fortshinatly, ai wan. — lhsn alhz, fzt.

10 zrf altalyq (Comment adverb): yaty aada fy bdaya Oración, uiabr an ray almthdth o talyqh ala ma syqwlh. Adverbio + Oración. Honestly, I don't know. — anistly, ai dunt nw. — bsraha, la aarf.

11 zrf alrbt (Linking adverb): yaty aada fy bdaya Oración o wstha lrbt fkrtyn o Oracionestyn. Oración + zrf alrbt + Oración. I was tired; however, I worked. — ai wuz tayard; jauéver, ai uorkt. — knt mtaba; wma dhlk, amlt.

12 alatyah (Direction): yaty zrf alatyah bad Verbo o Objeto. Sujeto + verbo + Objeto + zrf alatyah. She went outside. — shi wint autsayd. — dhhbt a / hacia alfuera.

13 altkrar Determinante (Definite frequency): ymkn an yaty tabir altkrar Determinante fy bdaya Oración o nhaytha. tabir zmny + Oración. I go there every day. — ai ghw der ivry day. — adhhb a / hacia hnak kl ium.

14 almda (Duration): yaty tabir almda aada fy nhaya Oración. Sujeto + verbo + Objeto + almda. I studied for two hours. — ai stadiyd for tu awrz. — drst lmda saatyn.

15 Finalidad (Purpose): yaty tabir Finalidad aada fy nhaya Oración, uibin sbb alqyam bVerbo. Oración + Finalidad. I went there to study. — ai wint der tu stady. — dhhbt a / hacia hnak lldrasa.

INDIRECT OBJECT: Objeto indirecto

# Tipo Fórmula en árabe Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Ejemplo Pronunciación del ejemplo en letras árabes Traducción al árabe

1 Objeto indirecto antes de almbashr Sujeto + verbo + Objeto indirecto + Objeto directo sábyect + verb + indirect obyikt + direct obyikt I gave him a book. ai gyv him aa buk aatyth libroa.

2 Objeto directo + to + Objeto indirecto Sujeto + verbo + objeto directo + to + Objeto indirecto sábyect + verb + direct obyikt + tu + indirect obyikt I gave a book to him. ai gyv aa buk tu him aatyt libroa lh.

3 Objeto indirecto antes de almbashr Sujeto + verbo + Objeto indirecto + Objeto directo sábyect + verb + indirect obyikt + direct obyikt She sent me a letter. shi sint mi aa léter arslt ly rsala.

4 Objeto directo + to + Objeto indirecto Sujeto + verbo + objeto directo + to + Objeto indirecto sábyect + verb + direct obyikt + tu + indirect obyikt She sent a letter to me. shi sint aa léter tu mi arslt rsala ly.

5 Objeto indirecto antes de almbashr ma for Sujeto + verbo + Objeto indirecto + Objeto directo sábyect + verb + indirect obyikt + direct obyikt I bought her a gift. ai bwt har aa gift ashtryt lha hdya.

6 Objeto directo + for + Objeto indirecto Sujeto + verbo + objeto directo + for + Objeto indirecto sábyect + verb + direct obyikt + for + indirect obyikt I bought a gift for her. ai bwt aa gift for har ashtryt hdya lha.

7 Objeto indirecto fy Voz pasiva Objeto indirecto + be + Tercera forma del verbo + Objeto directo indirect obyikt + bi + vy thry + direct obyikt He was given a book. ji wuz guiven aa buk auaty libroa.

8 Objeto directo fy Voz pasiva + to + Objeto indirecto Objeto directo + be + Tercera forma del verbo + to + Objeto indirecto direct obyikt + bi + vy thry + tu + indirect obyikt A book was given to him. aa buk wuz guiven tu him auaty libroa lh.

9 Pregunta sobre el objeto indirecto Partícula / palabra alastfham + Verbo auxiliar + Sujeto + verbo + objeto directo + to? wu + du/das/did + sábyect + verb + direct obyikt + tu? Who did you give it to? hw did iu gyv it tu? lmn aatyth?

10 alsual alrsmi an Objeto indirecto To whom + Verbo auxiliar + Sujeto + verbo + objeto directo? tu hwm + oksilyary + sábyect + verb + direct obyikt? To whom did you give it? tu hwm did iu gyv it? lmn aatyth?

GENITIVE: almlkya / alidafa

# Tipo Fórmula en árabe Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Ejemplo Pronunciación del ejemplo en letras árabes Traducción

1 mlkya almfrd Sustantivo + 's + Sustantivo nawn + is + nawn John's car ywnz kar syara ywn.

2 almlkya pastjdam of Sustantivo + of + Sustantivo nawn + auv + nawn the car of John dha kar auv ywn syara ywn.

3 mlkya alyma almntzm asm alyma + ' + Sustantivo blural nawn + aabustrafiy + nawn students' books stiudants buks ktb altlab.

4 mlkya alyma ghyr almntzm Sustantivo + 's + Sustantivo nawn + is + nawn children's toys tshildrinz tuyz alaab alatfal.

5 mlkya alshi pastjdam of Sustantivo + of + Sustantivo nawn + auv + nawn the roof of the house dha rwf auv dha haws sqf almnzl.

6 mhdd almlkya mhdd almlkya + Sustantivo pazisiv ditirminar + nawn my car may kar syarty.

7 almlkya almstqla dmir almlkya almstql pazisiv pronaun The car is mine. dha kar is mayn alsyara ly / alsyara mlky.

8 almlkya almzduya asm + of + dmir almlkya almstql nawn + auv + pazisiv pronaun a friend of mine aa frind auv mayn sdyq ly / ahd asdqayy.

9 mlkya alwqt asm Tiempo verbal + 's + Sustantivo taym nawn + is + nawn today's news tudéiz niuz ajbar alium.

10 qyas alyma Número + whda alqyas + ' + Sustantivo núméral + yuwnit + aabustrafiy + nawn two weeks' vacation tu uiks vakyshan atla mdtha asbwaan.

11 alsual an almlkya whose + Sustantivo? hwz + nawn? Whose book? hwz buk? libro mn? / lmn este libro?

12 almlkya fy Oración relativa whose + Sustantivo + Oración hwz + nawn + cláus the man whose car... dha man hwz kar... alryl aldhy syarth...

13 almlkya almshtrka Sustantivo alol + and + Sustantivo althany + 's + Sustantivo nawn + and + nawn + is + nawn John and Mary's house ywn and miryz haws mnzl ywn wmary almshtrk.

14 almlkya almnfsla Sustantivo alol + 's + and + Sustantivo althany + 's + Sustantivo nawn + is + and + nawn + is + nawn John's and Mary's houses ywnz and miryz hawziz mnzla ywn wmary; lkl wahd mnhma mnzlh.

INDEPENDENT: dmayr almlkya almstqla

alshjs mhdd almlkya ntq mhdd almlkya dmir almlkya almstql ntq dmir almlkya Ejemplo kaml Pronunciación del ejemplo en letras árabes Traducción

I = ana my may mine mayn This book is mine. dhis buk is mayn este libro ly / este libro mlky.

you = anta / anti your iur yours iurz This book is yours. dhis buk is iurz este libro lk / este libro mlkk.

he = hw his hiz his hiz This book is his. dhis buk is hiz este libro lh / este libro mlkh.

she = ji her har hers harz This book is hers. dhis buk is harz este libro lha / este libro mlkha.

it = hw/ji lghyr alaaql its its la iuyd dmir mlkya mstql shaya — The dog hurt its leg. dha dugh hirt its lig asyb alklb fy saqh.

we = nhn our awr ours awrz This book is ours. dhis buk is awrz este libro lna / este libro mlkna.

they = hm / hn their der theirs derz This book is theirs. dhis buk is derz este libro lhm / este libro mlkhm.

The book is the boy's. = allibro mlk alwld.

The book is for the boy. = allibro llwld.

WAS GOING TO: kan ynui / kan mn almqrr an

Pronombre Fórmula en árabe Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Ejemplo Pronunciación del ejemplo en letras árabes Significado

I = ana ana + was going to + Verbo ai + wuz ghuingh tu + verb I was going to eat. ai wuz ghuingh tu iyt knt sakl / knt anui an akl.

you = anta/anti ant + were going to + Verbo iu + uer ghuingh tu + verb You were going to eat. iu uer ghuingh tu iyt knt stakl / knt tnui an takl.

he = hw hw + was going to + Verbo ji + wuz ghuingh tu + verb He was going to eat. ji wuz ghuingh tu iyt kan syakl / kan ynui an yakl.

she = ji ji + was going to + Verbo shi + wuz ghuingh tu + verb She was going to eat. shi wuz ghuingh tu iyt kant stakl / kant tnui an takl.

it = hw/ji lghyr alaaql hw/ji + was going to + Verbo it + wuz ghuingh tu + verb It was going to rain. it wuz ghuingh tu ryn kan mn almtuqa an tmtr / kan almtr syhtl.

we = nhn nhn + were going to + Verbo ui + uer ghuingh tu + verb We were going to eat. ui uer ghuingh tu iyt kna snakl / kna nnui an nakl.

they = hm/hn hm/hn + were going to + Verbo dey + uer ghuingh tu + verb They were going to eat. dey uer ghuingh tu iyt kanwa syaklwn / kanwa ynwwn an yaklwa.

[wuz abawt tu/uer abawt tu] was about to/were about to o nstjdm

Was about to = kan ala wshk an yhdth shi.

Was supposed to = kan mn almftrd an yfal shiya, lkn shiya ma mnah o hdth bshkl mjalf.

I was supposed to clean up today, but due to the bad weather, I am not. = kan mn almftrd an anzf alium, lkn bsbb sw altqs ln afal dhlk.

2- alasma (NOUNS)

almfhwm balarbia Fórmula en árabe Ejemplo Pronunciación balinylyzya balarbia alarbia

alyma asm + s [s] books bwks ktb

alyma asm + es [yz] boxes bwksiz snadyq

almfrd Determinante the [dha] + asm the book dha bwk allibro

alyma Determinante the [dha] + asm yma the books dha bwks alktb

almfrd ghyr Determinante a [aa] + asm a book aa bwk libro

almfrd ghyr Determinante (lw Palabra badh ybda bhrf ala) an [ana] + asm an apple aan abul tfaha

Objeto indirecto faal + fal + mfawl bh ghyr mbashr + mfawl bh mbashr I give him the book. ai guiv him dha bwk aatyh allibro.

Objeto indirecto ma to faal + fal + mfawl bh mbashr + to [tu] + mfawl bh ghyr mbashr I give the book to him. ai guiv dha bwk tu him aaty allibro lh.

almlkya asm almalk + 's [s] + Sustantivo almmlwk John's car ywnz kar syara ywn

mlkya alyma asm yma almalk + s' [s] + Sustantivo almmlwk the boys'' books dha buiz bwks ktb alolad

almlkya pastjdam of Sustantivo almmlwk + of [aav] + asm almalk the door of the house dha dur aav dha haws bab almnzl

nhaya Palabra made ndyf? Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia

mazm alklmat -s book → books bwk -> bwks

s -es bus → buses bas -> basiz

ss -es class → classes klas -> klasiz

sh -es dish → dishes dish -> dishiz

ch -es watch → watches watsh -> watshiz

x -es box → boxes bwks -> bwksiz

z -es quiz → quizzes kuas -> kuasiz

consonant + y -ies baby → babies bibi -> bibiz

vowel + y -s boy → boys bui -> buiz

bad f/fe -ves knife → knives nayf -> nayfz

bad f/fe -s roof → roofs rwf -> rwfs

andma tkwn ghyr mhdd walyma ykwn mthl almfrdA ide kan alSustantivo incontable, la nda

INDIRECT OBJECT: Objeto indirecto

hnak thlath trq asasya lwda Objeto indirecto fy alinylyzya:

1- Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object

I give a boy a book. = aaty wlda libroa.

2- Subject + Verb + Direct Object + to + Indirect Object

I give a book to a boy. = aaty libroa lwld.

3- Subject + Verb + to + Indirect Object + Direct Object

I give to a boy a book. = aaty lwld libroa.

hdhh altryqa tbdu ghyr tbiaya fy alinylyzya alhdytha, waltryqtan alola walthanya akthr astamala.

GENITIVE: almlkya

hnak tryqtan asasytan lltabir an almlkya fy alinylyzya:

1- Owner's + Possession

The boy's book = libro alwld.

2- Possession + of + Owner

The book of the boy = libro alwld.

3- alsfat (ADJECTIVES)

Tipo balarbia Fórmula en árabe Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

alsfat alwsfya sfa + asm adyéctiv + nawn a beautiful house aa biwtiful haws mnzl ymil

sfat alkmia kmia + asm kwantity + nawn many books miny bwks ktb kthyra

sfat Número add + asm nambar + nawn three books thry bwks thlatha ktb

sfat alishara this/that/these/those + asm dhis/dat/dhyz/duz + nawn this book dhis bwk este libro

sfat almlkya my/your/his/her/its/our/their + asm may/iur/hiz/har/its/awr/der + nawn my car may kar syarty

sfat alastfham which/what/whose + asm witsh/wat/hwz + nawn which book? witsh bwk? ay libro?

alsfat ghyr Determinantea klma ghyr mhdda + asm indifinit uerd + nawn some books sam bwks bad alktb

alsfat altuzyaya each/every/either/neither + asm iytsh/ivry/iydhar/nydhar + nawn each student iytsh stiudant kl talb / kl wahd mn altlab

alsfat almshtqa mn asma alalm asm alm → sfa brabar nawn → adyéctiv English language inghlish langhwiy allgha alinylyzya

alsfat almrkba klma + klma uerd + uerd a well-known actor aa uil-nwn aktur mmthl mshhwr

alsfat almshtqa mn asm Sujeto/asm almfawl V-ing / V-ed vy-iingh / vy-iid a boring movie aa bwringh mwfy fylm mml

sfat almqarna sfa + er / more + sfa adyéctiv + iar / mor + adyéctiv bigger house bighar haws mnzl akbr

sfat altfdyl sfa + est / most + sfa adyéctiv + iist / mwst + adyéctiv the biggest house dha bighist haws akbr mnzl

alsfat almtsauia almttabaa sfa + , + sfa + asm adyéctiv + fasla + adyéctiv + nawn a long, difficult journey aa lwngh, difikalt yirny rhla tuila wsaba

alsfat antes de Sustantivo sfa + asm adyéctiv + nawn a red car aa red kar syara hmra

alsfat aljbrya faal + be + sfa sábyect + bi + adyéctiv The car is red. dha kar iiz red alsyara hmra

alsfat bad Sustantivo asm + sfa nawn + adyéctiv something interesting samthingh intristingh shi mthyr llahtmam

alsfat almtlqa sfa adyéctiv perfect birfikt kaml / Ejemploy

alsfat altukydya sfa + asm adyéctiv + nawn my own car may on kar syarty aljasa

alsfat altaybia what + sfa + asm wat + adyéctiv + nawn What a beautiful day! wat aa biwtiful day ya lh mn ium ymil!

. Presente simple — Present Simple

Formación: faal + am/is/are + jbr

ntq Formación: sábyect + am/iiz/ar + kwmblymint

Pronombre Formación Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I am I am happy. ai am habi ana sayd.

You You are You are happy. iu ar habi ant sayd.

He He is He is happy. ji iiz habi hw sayd.

She She is She is happy. shi iiz habi ji sayda.

It It is It is cold. it iiz kwld alyw bard.

We We are We are happy. ui ar habi nhn sada.

You You are You are happy. iu ar habi antm sada.

They They are They are happy. dey ar habi hm sada.

2. Pasado simple — Past Simple

Formación: faal + was/were + jbr

ntq Formación: sábyect + waz/uer + kwmblymint

Pronombre Formación Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I was I was happy. ai waz habi knt sayda.

You You were You were happy. iu uer habi knt sayda.

He He was He was happy. ji waz habi kan sayda.

She She was She was happy. shi waz habi kant sayda.

It It was It was cold. it waz kwld kan alyw barda.

We We were We were happy. ui uer habi kna sada.

You You were You were happy. iu uer habi kntm sada.

They They were They were happy. dey uer habi kanwa sada.

3. Futuro simple — Future Simple

Formación: faal + will be + jbr

ntq Formación: sábyect + uil bi + kwmblymint

Pronombre Formación Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I will be I will be happy. ai uil bi habi sakwn sayda.

You You will be You will be happy. iu uil bi habi stkwn sayda.

He He will be He will be happy. ji uil bi habi sykwn sayda.

She She will be She will be happy. shi uil bi habi stkwn sayda.

It It will be It will be cold. it uil bi kwld sykwn alyw barda.

We We will be We will be happy. ui uil bi habi snkwn sada.

You You will be You will be happy. iu uil bi habi stkwnwn sada.

They They will be They will be happy. dey uil bi habi sykwnwn sada.

4. Presente continuo — Present Continuous

Formación: faal + am/is/are being + jbr

ntq Formación: sábyect + am/iiz/ar biyngh + kwmblymint

Pronombre Formación Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I am being I am being careful. ai am biyngh kyrful ana atsrf bhdhr.

You You are being You are being careful. iu ar biyngh kyrful ant ttsrf bhdhr.

He He is being He is being careful. ji iiz biyngh kyrful hw ytsrf bhdhr.

She She is being She is being careful. shi iiz biyngh kyrful ji ttsrf bhdhr.

It It is being It is being repaired. it iiz biyngh ribird ytm islahh.

We We are being We are being careful. ui ar biyngh kyrful nhn ntsrf bhdhr.

You You are being You are being careful. iu ar biyngh kyrful antm ttsrfwn bhdhr.

They They are being They are being careful. dey ar biyngh kyrful hm ytsrfwn bhdhr.

5. Pasado continuo — Past Continuous

Formación: faal + was/were being + jbr

ntq Formación: sábyect + waz/uer biyngh + kwmblymint

Pronombre Formación Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I was being I was being careful. ai waz biyngh kyrful knt atsrf bhdhr.

You You were being You were being careful. iu uer biyngh kyrful knt ttsrf bhdhr.

He He was being He was being careful. ji waz biyngh kyrful kan ytsrf bhdhr.

She She was being She was being careful. shi waz biyngh kyrful kant ttsrf bhdhr.

It It was being It was being repaired. it waz biyngh ribird kan ytm islahh.

We We were being We were being careful. ui uer biyngh kyrful kna ntsrf bhdhr.

You You were being You were being careful. iu uer biyngh kyrful kntm ttsrfwn bhdhr.

They They were being They were being careful. dey uer biyngh kyrful kanwa ytsrfwn bhdhr.

6. Futuro continuo — Future Continuous

Formación: faal + will be being + jbr

ntq Formación: sábyect + uil bi biyngh + kwmblymint

Pronombre Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I will be being careful. ai uil bi biyngh kyrful sakwn mstmra fy altsrf bhdhr.

You You will be being careful. iu uil bi biyngh kyrful stkwn mstmra fy altsrf bhdhr.

He He will be being careful. ji uil bi biyngh kyrful sykwn mstmra fy altsrf bhdhr.

She She will be being careful. shi uil bi biyngh kyrful stkwn mstmra fy altsrf bhdhr.

It It will be being repaired. it uil bi biyngh ribird sykwn mstmra islahh.

We We will be being careful. ui uil bi biyngh kyrful snkwn mstmryn fy altsrf bhdhr.

You You will be being careful. iu uil bi biyngh kyrful stkwnwn mstmryn fy altsrf bhdhr.

They They will be being careful. dey uil bi biyngh kyrful sykwnwn mstmryn fy altsrf bhdhr.

hde Tiempo verbal shyh haciaya lknh nadr yda fy alinylyzya altbiaya.

7. Presente perfecto — Present Perfect

Formación: faal + have/has been + jbr

ntq Formación: sábyect + haf/jas bin + kwmblymint

Pronombre Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I have been happy. ai haf bin habi lqd knt sayda.

You You have been happy. iu haf bin habi lqd knt sayda.

He He has been happy. ji jas bin habi lqd kan sayda.

She She has been happy. shi jas bin habi lqd kant sayda.

It It has been cold. it jas bin kwld lqd kan alyw barda.

We We have been happy. ui haf bin habi lqd kna sada.

You You have been happy. iu haf bin habi lqd kntm sada.

They They have been happy. dey haf bin habi lqd kanwa sada.

8. Pasado perfecto — Past Perfect

Formación: faal + had been + jbr

ntq Formación: sábyect + had bin + kwmblymint

Pronombre Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I had been happy. ai had bin habi knt qd knt sayda.

You You had been happy. iu had bin habi knt qd knt sayda.

He He had been happy. ji had bin habi kan qd kan sayda.

She She had been happy. shi had bin habi kant qd kant sayda.

It It had been cold. it had bin kwld kan alyw qd kan barda.

We We had been happy. ui had bin habi kna qd kna sada.

You You had been happy. iu had bin habi kntm qd kntm sada.

They They had been happy. dey had bin habi kanwa qd kanwa sada.

9. Futuro perfecto — Future Perfect

Formación: faal + will have been + jbr

ntq Formación: sábyect + uil haf bin + kwmblymint

Pronombre Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I will have been happy. ai uil haf bin habi sakwn qd knt sayda.

You You will have been happy. iu uil haf bin habi stkwn qd knt sayda.

He He will have been happy. ji uil haf bin habi sykwn qd kan sayda.

She She will have been happy. shi uil haf bin habi stkwn qd kant sayda.

It It will have been cold. it uil haf bin kwld sykwn alyw qd kan barda.

We We will have been happy. ui uil haf bin habi snkwn qd kna sada.

You You will have been happy. iu uil haf bin habi stkwnwn qd kntm sada.

They They will have been happy. dey uil haf bin habi sykwnwn qd kanwa sada.

10. Presente perfecto continuo — Present Perfect Continuous

Formación: faal + have/has been being + jbr

ntq Formación: sábyect + haf/jas bin biyngh + kwmblymint

Pronombre Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I have been being careful. ai haf bin biyngh kyrful knt mstmra fy altsrf bhdhr.

You You have been being careful. iu haf bin biyngh kyrful knt mstmra fy altsrf bhdhr.

He He has been being careful. ji jas bin biyngh kyrful kan mstmra fy altsrf bhdhr.

She She has been being careful. shi jas bin biyngh kyrful kant mstmra fy altsrf bhdhr.

It It has been being repaired. it jas bin biyngh ribird kan mstmra islahh.

We We have been being careful. ui haf bin biyngh kyrful kna mstmryn fy altsrf bhdhr.

You You have been being careful. iu haf bin biyngh kyrful kntm mstmryn fy altsrf bhdhr.

They They have been being careful. dey haf bin biyngh kyrful kanwa mstmryn fy altsrf bhdhr.

11. Pasado perfecto continuo — Past Perfect Continuous

Formación: faal + had been being + jbr

ntq Formación: sábyect + had bin biyngh + kwmblymint

Pronombre Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I had been being careful. ai had bin biyngh kyrful knt qd zllt atsrf bhdhr.

You You had been being careful. iu had bin biyngh kyrful knt qd zllt ttsrf bhdhr.

He He had been being careful. ji had bin biyngh kyrful kan qd zl ytsrf bhdhr.

She She had been being careful. shi had bin biyngh kyrful kant qd zlt ttsrf bhdhr.

It It had been being repaired. it had bin biyngh ribird kan qd astmr islahh.

We We had been being careful. ui had bin biyngh kyrful kna qd zllna ntsrf bhdhr.

You You had been being careful. iu had bin biyngh kyrful kntm qd zlltm ttsrfwn bhdhr.

They They had been being careful. dey had bin biyngh kyrful kanwa qd zlwa ytsrfwn bhdhr.

12. Futuro perfecto continuo — Future Perfect Continuous

Formación: faal + will have been being + jbr

ntq Formación: sábyect + uil haf bin biyngh + kwmblymint

Pronombre Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I will have been being careful. ai uil haf bin biyngh kyrful sakwn qd zllt atsrf bhdhr.

You You will have been being careful. iu uil haf bin biyngh kyrful stkwn qd zllt ttsrf bhdhr.

He He will have been being careful. ji uil haf bin biyngh kyrful sykwn qd zl ytsrf bhdhr.

She She will have been being careful. shi uil haf bin biyngh kyrful stkwn qd zlt ttsrf bhdhr.

It It will have been being repaired. it uil haf bin biyngh ribird sykwn qd astmr islahh.

We We will have been being careful. ui uil haf bin biyngh kyrful snkwn qd zllna ntsrf bhdhr.

You You will have been being careful. iu uil haf bin biyngh kyrful stkwnwn qd zlltm ttsrfwn bhdhr.

They They will have been being careful. dey uil haf bin biyngh kyrful sykwnwn qd zlwa ytsrfwn bhdhr.

4- Pronombres (PRONOUNS)

. Pronombres alshjsya — ymia alhalat alasasya

alhala / almfhwm balarbia Fórmula en árabe Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Pronombre Pronunciación balarbia Significado

hala Sujeto dmir faal sábyect brwnawn I ai ana

hala Sujeto dmir faal sábyect brwnawn you iu ant / antm

hala Sujeto dmir faal sábyect brwnawn he ji hw

hala Sujeto dmir faal sábyect brwnawn she shi ji

hala Sujeto dmir faal sábyect brwnawn it it hw/ji lghyr alaaql

hala Sujeto dmir faal sábyect brwnawn we ui nhn

hala Sujeto dmir faal sábyect brwnawn they dei hm / hn

amthla

Pronombre Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I read. ai rid ana aqra.

you You work. iu uork ant taml / antm tamlwn.

he He sleeps. ji slyps hw ynam.

she She cooks. shi kwks ji ttbj.

it It works. it uorks inh yaml.

we We study. ui stady nhn ndrs.

they They live here. dei liv jir hm yayshwn hna.

2. hala Objeto

tustjdm andma ykwn Pronombre mfawla mbashra o ghyr mbashr.

almfhwm balarbia Fórmula en árabe Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Pronombre Pronunciación balarbia Significado

mfawl bh dmir mfawl obyikt brwnawn me mi iyay / ly

mfawl bh dmir mfawl obyikt brwnawn you iu iyak / iyakm

mfawl bh dmir mfawl obyikt brwnawn him him iyah / lh

mfawl bh dmir mfawl obyikt brwnawn her har iyaha / lha

mfawl bh dmir mfawl obyikt brwnawn it it iyah/iyaha lghyr alaaql

mfawl bh dmir mfawl obyikt brwnawn us aas iyana / lna

mfawl bh dmir mfawl obyikt brwnawn them dhim iyahm / lhm

amthla

Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

She called me. shi kwld mi ji atslt bi.

I saw you. ai sw iu raytk / raytkm.

We helped him. ui hilbt him saadnah.

I know her. ai nw har ana aarfha.

I bought it. ai bwt it ashtryth.

He invited us. ji invaytid aas hw daana.

She called them. shi kwld dhim ji atslt bhm.

3. dmayr almlkya antes de Sustantivo

hdhh tusma aada sfat almlkya / mhddat almlkya lanha taty antes de asm.

almfhwm balarbia Fórmula en árabe Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Pronombre Pronunciación balarbia Significado

mlkya my + asm may + nawn my may y / ly

mlkya your + asm iur + nawn your iur k / km

mlkya his + asm hiz + nawn his hiz h / lh

mlkya her + asm har + nawn her har ha / lha

mlkya its + asm its + nawn its its h/ha lghyr alaaql

mlkya our + asm awr + nawn our awr na / lna

mlkya their + asm der + nawn their der hm / hn

amthla

Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

My book is new. may bwk is niu libroy ydyd.

Your car is fast. iur kar is fast syartk sryaa.

His house is big. hiz haws is bigh mnzlh kbir.

Her phone is new. har fwn is niu hatfha ydyd.

Its color is beautiful. its kalar is biwtiful lwnh ymil.

Our teacher is nice. awr tytshar is nays malmna ltyf.

Their house is large. der haws is lary mnzlhm kbir.

4. dmayr almlkya almstqla

hdhh taty bdun asm badha.

almfhwm balarbia Fórmula en árabe Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Pronombre Pronunciación balarbia Significado

mlkya mstqla mine mayn mine mayn ly / mlky

mlkya mstqla yours iurz yours iurz lk / mlkk

mlkya mstqla his hiz his hiz lh / mlkh

mlkya mstqla hers hirz hers hirz lha / mlkha

mlkya mstqla ours awrz ours awrz lna / mlkna

mlkya mstqla theirs derz theirs derz lhm / mlkhm

mlahza: la iuyd aada dmir mlkya mstql shaya l it.

amthla

Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

This book is mine. dhis bwk is mayn este libro ly.

The car is yours. dha kar is iurz alsyara lk.

The house is his. dha haws is hiz almnzl lh.

The bag is hers. dha bagh is hirz alhqyba lha.

The room is ours. dha rwm is awrz alghrfa lna.

The books are theirs. dha bwks ar derz alktb lhm.

5. Pronombres alanakasya

tustjdm andma yawd Objeto a / hacia Sujeto nfsh.

almfhwm balarbia Fórmula en árabe Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Pronombre Pronunciación balarbia Significado

anakasy my + self may + silf myself may silf nfsy

anakasy your + self iur + silf yourself iur silf nfsk

anakasy him + self him + silf himself him silf nfsh

anakasy her + self har + silf herself har silf nfsha

anakasy it + self it + silf itself it silf nfsh/nfsha lghyr alaaql

anakasy our + selves awr + silfz ourselves awr silfz anfsna

anakasy your + selves iur + silfz yourselves iur silfz anfskm

anakasy them + selves dhim + silfz themselves dhim silfz anfshm / anfshn

amthla

Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I hurt myself. ai hirt may silf adhyt nfsy.

You did it yourself. iu did it iur silf falt dhlk bnfsk.

He introduced himself. ji intradiust him silf qdm nfsh.

She taught herself English. shi tut har silf inghlish almt nfsha alinylyzya.

The machine turned itself off. dha mashin tirnd it silf of oqft alala nfsha.

We enjoyed ourselves. ui inyuuid awr silfz astmtana.

They introduced themselves. dei intradiust dhim silfz qdmwa anfshm.

6. Pronombres alisharya

almfhwm balarbia Fórmula en árabe Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Pronombre Pronunciación balarbia Significado

ishara llmfrd alqryb this dhis this dhis hde / hdhh

ishara llmfrd albayd that dat that dat dhlk / tlk

ishara llyma alqryb these dhyz these dhyz hula / hdhh

ishara llyma albayd those duz those duz olyk / tlk

amthla

This is my book.

dhis is may bwk.

hde libroy.

That is your car.

dat is iur kar.

tlk syartk.

These are my shoes.

dhyz ar may shwz.

hdhh ahdhyty.

Those are their houses.

duz ar der hawziz.

tlk mnazlhm.

7. Pronombres alastfhamia

almfhwm balarbia Fórmula en árabe Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Pronombre Pronunciación balarbia Significado

llsual an shjs who hw who hw mn?

llmfawl bh an shjs whom hwm whom hwm mn? / man aldhy wqa alyh Verbo?

llmlkya whose hwz whose hwz lmn? / man sahb?

lshi o ajtyar what wat what wat made? / ma?

llajtyar which witsh which witsh ay?

amthla

Who called you?

hw kwld iu?

mn atsl bk?

Whom did you see?

hwm did iu sy?

mn rayt?

Whose is this?

hwz is dhis?

lmn hde?

What happened?

wat haband?

made hdth?

Which is yours?

witsh is iurz?

ay wahd lk?

8. Pronombres almwswla

almfhwm balarbia Fórmula en árabe Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Pronombre Pronunciación balarbia Significado

llaaql who hw who hw aldhy / alty

llmfawl alaaql whom hwm whom hwm aldhy / alty

llmlkya whose hwz whose hwz aldhy lh / alty lha

lghyr alaaql which witsh which witsh aldhy / alty

llaaql wghyr alaaql that dat that dat aldhy / alty

amthla

The man who works here is my brother.

dha man hw uorks jir is may bradhar.

alryl aldhy yaml hna hw ajy.

The book which I bought is interesting.

dha bwk witsh ai bwt is intristingh.

allibro aldhy ashtryth mmta.

The girl whose car was stolen called the police.

dha ghirl hwz kar waz stulin kwld dha bwlys.

alftaa alty surqt syartha atslt bCondicionala.

9. Pronombres ghyr Determinantea

hdhh tshir a / hacia shjs o shi ghyr mhdd.

almfhwm balarbia Pronombre Pronunciación balarbia Significado

shjs ghyr mhdd someone sam wan shjs ma

shjs ghyr mhdd somebody sam bady shjs ma

shjs ghyr mhdd fy Negación/alsual anyone iiny wan ay shjs

shjs ghyr mhdd fy Negación/alsual anybody iiny bady ay shjs

la ahd no one nw wan la ahd

la ahd nobody nw bady la ahd

alymia everyone iivry wan alymia

alymia everybody iivry bady alymia

shi ma something samthingh shi ma

ay shi anything iiny thingh ay shi

la shi nothing nathingh la shi

kl shi everything iivry thingh kl shi

5- aazminaau alaafaaali

. Presente simple

alastjdam: alaadat, alhqayq, walafaal almtkrra.

Formación: faal + V1 + ...

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I work. ai uork ana aaml.

you You work. iu uork ant taml.

he He works. ji uorks hw yaml.

she She works. shi uorks ji taml.

it It works. it uorks inh yaml.

we We work. ui uork nhn naml.

you You work. iu uork antm tamlwn.

they They work. dei uork hm yamlwn.

ma he / she / it ndyf ghalba -s llfal.

2. Pasado simple

alastjdam: fal hdth wantha fy almady.

Formación: faal + V2 + ...

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I worked. ai uorkt ana amlt.

you You worked. iu uorkt ant amlt.

he He worked. ji uorkt hw aml.

she She worked. shi uorkt ji amlt.

it It worked. it uorkt inh aml.

we We worked. ui uorkt nhn amlna.

you You worked. iu uorkt antm amltm.

they They worked. dei uorkt hm amlwa.

3. Futuro simple

alastjdam: shi syhdth fy almstantes de.

Formación: faal + will + V1

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I will work. ai uil uork saaml.

you You will work. iu uil uork staml.

he He will work. ji uil uork syaml.

she She will work. shi uil uork staml.

it It will work. it uil uork syaml / syshtghl.

we We will work. ui uil uork snaml.

you You will work. iu uil uork stamlwn.

they They will work. dei uil uork syamlwn.

4. Presente continuo

alastjdam: shi yhdth alan o alrededor de alwqt alhaly.

Formación: faal + am/is/are + V-ing

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I am working. ai am uórking ana aaml alan.

you You are working. iu ar uórking ant taml alan.

he He is working. ji is uórking hw yaml alan.

she She is working. shi is uórking ji taml alan.

it It is working. it is uórking inh yaml alan.

we We are working. ui ar uórking nhn naml alan.

you You are working. iu ar uórking antm tamlwn alan.

they They are working. dei ar uórking hm yamlwn alan.

5. Pasado continuo

alastjdam: shi kan yhdth fy wqt mayn fy almady.

Formación: faal + was/were + V-ing

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I was working. ai waz uórking knt aaml.

you You were working. iu uer uórking knt taml.

he He was working. ji waz uórking kan yaml.

she She was working. shi waz uórking kant taml.

it It was working. it waz uórking kan yaml.

we We were working. ui uer uórking kna naml.

you You were working. iu uer uórking kntm tamlwn.

they They were working. dei uer uórking kanwa yamlwn.

6. Futuro continuo

alastjdam: shi sykwn mstmra fy wqt mayn fy almstantes de.

Formación: faal + will be + V-ing

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I will be working. ai uil bi uórking sakwn aaml.

you You will be working. iu uil bi uórking stkwn taml.

he He will be working. ji uil bi uórking sykwn yaml.

she She will be working. shi uil bi uórking stkwn taml.

it It will be working. it uil bi uórking sykwn yaml.

we We will be working. ui uil bi uórking snkwn naml.

you You will be working. iu uil bi uórking stkwnwn tamlwn.

they They will be working. dei uil bi uórking sykwnwn yamlwn.

7. Presente perfecto

alastjdam: fal hdth fy almady wlh alaqa balhadr, o hdth antha dun thdyd wqt mad mhdd.

Formación: faal + have/has + V3

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I have worked. ai haf uorkt lqd amlt.

you You have worked. iu haf uorkt lqd amlt.

he He has worked. ji jas uorkt lqd aml.

she She has worked. shi jas uorkt lqd amlt.

it It has worked. it jas uorkt lqd aml.

we We have worked. ui haf uorkt lqd amlna.

you You have worked. iu haf uorkt lqd amltm.

they They have worked. dei haf uorkt lqd amlwa.

8. Pasado perfecto

alastjdam: fal hdth antes de fal ajr fy almady.

Formación: faal + had + V3

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I had worked. ai had uorkt knt qd amlt.

you You had worked. iu had uorkt knt qd amlt.

he He had worked. ji had uorkt kan qd aml.

she She had worked. shi had uorkt kant qd amlt.

it It had worked. it had uorkt kan qd aml.

we We had worked. ui had uorkt kna qd amlna.

you You had worked. iu had uorkt kntm qd amltm.

they They had worked. dei had uorkt kanwa qd amlwa.

9. Futuro perfecto

alastjdam: fal sykwn qd aktml antes de wqt o hdth mstantes dey.

Formación: faal + will have + V3

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I will have worked. ai uil haf uorkt sakwn qd amlt.

you You will have worked. iu uil haf uorkt stkwn qd amlt.

he He will have worked. ji uil haf uorkt sykwn qd aml.

she She will have worked. shi uil haf uorkt stkwn qd amlt.

it It will have worked. it uil haf uorkt sykwn qd aml.

we We will have worked. ui uil haf uorkt snkwn qd amlna.

you You will have worked. iu uil haf uorkt stkwnwn qd amltm.

they They will have worked. dei uil haf uorkt sykwnwn qd amlwa.

10. Presente perfecto continuo

alastjdam: fal bda fy almady wma zal mstmra, o astmr hasta wqt qryb wlh athr fy alhadr.

Formación: faal + have/has been + V-ing

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I have been working. ai haf bin uórking ana aaml desde ftra.

you You have been working. iu haf bin uórking ant taml desde ftra.

he He has been working. ji jas bin uórking hw yaml desde ftra.

she She has been working. shi jas bin uórking ji taml desde ftra.

it It has been working. it jas bin uórking inh yaml desde ftra.

we We have been working. ui haf bin uórking nhn naml desde ftra.

you You have been working. iu haf bin uórking antm tamlwn desde ftra.

they They have been working. dei haf bin uórking hm yamlwn desde ftra.

11. Pasado perfecto continuo

alastjdam: fal astmr lftra mn Tiempo verbal antes de nqta o hdth fy almady.

Formación: faal + had been + V-ing

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I had been working. ai had bin uórking knt aaml desde ftra.

you You had been working. iu had bin uórking knt taml desde ftra.

he He had been working. ji had bin uórking kan yaml desde ftra.

she She had been working. shi had bin uórking kant taml desde ftra.

it It had been working. it had bin uórking kan yaml desde ftra.

we We had been working. ui had bin uórking kna naml desde ftra.

you You had been working. iu had bin uórking kntm tamlwn desde ftra.

they They had been working. dei had bin uórking kanwa yamlwn desde ftra.

12. Futuro perfecto continuo

alastjdam: fal sykwn qd astmr lmda mayna hasta nqta mstantes deya.

Formación: faal + will have been + V-ing

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I will have been working. ai uil haf bin uórking sakwn qd amlt lmda mayna.

you You will have been working. iu uil haf bin uórking stkwn qd amlt lmda mayna.

he He will have been working. ji uil haf bin uórking sykwn qd aml lmda mayna.

she She will have been working. shi uil haf bin uórking stkwn qd amlt lmda mayna.

it It will have been working. it uil haf bin uórking sykwn qd aml lmda mayna.

we We will have been working. ui uil haf bin uórking snkwn qd amlna lmda mayna.

you You will have been working. iu uil haf bin uórking stkwnwn qd amltm lmda mayna.

they They will have been working. dei uil haf bin uórking sykwnwn qd amlwa lmda mayna.

6- aazminaau almabniyi lilmayhuwli

. Presente simple Voz pasiva

Formación: faal + am/is/are + V3

ntq Formación: sábyect + am/is/ar + vy thry

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I am written about. ai am ritin abawt yuktb any.

you You are written about. iu ar ritin abawt yuktb ank.

he He is written about. ji is ritin abawt yuktb anh.

she She is written about. shi is ritin abawt yuktb anha.

it It is written about. it is ritin abawt yuktb anh/anha lghyr alaaql.

we We are written about. ui ar ritin abawt yuktb ana.

you You are written about. iu ar ritin abawt yuktb ankm.

they They are written about. dei ar ritin abawt yuktb anhm.

Ejemplo akthr tbiaya:

The book is written in English.

dha bwk is ritin in inghlish.

allibro mktub ballgha alinylyzya.

2. Pasado simple Voz pasiva

Formación: faal + was/were + V3

ntq Formación: sábyect + waz/uer + vy thry

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I was invited. ai waz invaytid tmt dawty.

you You were invited. iu uer invaytid tmt dawtk.

he He was invited. ji waz invaytid tmt dawth.

she She was invited. shi waz invaytid tmt dawtha.

it It was invited. it waz invaytid tmt dawth lghyr alaaql.

we We were invited. ui uer invaytid tmt dawtna.

you You were invited. iu uer invaytid tmt dawtkm.

they They were invited. dei uer invaytid tmt dawthm.

3. Futuro simple Voz pasiva

Formación: faal + will be + V3

ntq Formación: sábyect + uil bi + vy thry

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I will be invited. ai uil bi invaytid sttm dawty.

you You will be invited. iu uil bi invaytid sttm dawtk.

he He will be invited. ji uil bi invaytid sttm dawth.

she She will be invited. shi uil bi invaytid sttm dawtha.

it It will be invited. it uil bi invaytid sttm dawth.

we We will be invited. ui uil bi invaytid sttm dawtna.

you You will be invited. iu uil bi invaytid sttm dawtkm.

they They will be invited. dei uil bi invaytid sttm dawthm.

4. Presente continuo Voz pasiva

Formación: faal + am/is/are being + V3

ntq Formación: sábyect + am/is/ar bingh + vy thry

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I am being watched. ai am bingh watsht ttm mraqbty alan.

you You are being watched. iu ar bingh watsht ttm mraqbtk alan.

he He is being watched. ji is bingh watsht ttm mraqbth alan.

she She is being watched. shi is bingh watsht ttm mraqbtha alan.

it It is being watched. it is bingh watsht ttm mraqbth alan.

we We are being watched. ui ar bingh watsht ttm mraqbtna alan.

you You are being watched. iu ar bingh watsht ttm mraqbtkm alan.

they They are being watched. dei ar bingh watsht ttm mraqbthm alan.

5. Pasado continuo Voz pasiva

Formación: faal + was/were being + V3

ntq Formación: sábyect + waz/uer bingh + vy thry

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I was being watched. ai waz bingh watsht knt auraqab.

you You were being watched. iu uer bingh watsht knt turaqab.

he He was being watched. ji waz bingh watsht kan yuraqab.

she She was being watched. shi waz bingh watsht kant turaqab.

it It was being watched. it waz bingh watsht kan yuraqab.

we We were being watched. ui uer bingh watsht kna nuraqab.

you You were being watched. iu uer bingh watsht kntm turaqabwn.

they They were being watched. dei uer bingh watsht kanwa yuraqabwn.

6. Futuro continuo Voz pasiva

Formación: faal + will be being + V3

ntq Formación: sábyect + uil bi bingh + vy thry

hdhh alsygha nadra yda fy alinylyzya alhdytha.

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I will be being watched. ai uil bi bingh watsht sakwn jadaa llmraqba.

you You will be being watched. iu uil bi bingh watsht stkwn jadaa llmraqba.

he He will be being watched. ji uil bi bingh watsht sykwn jadaa llmraqba.

she She will be being watched. shi uil bi bingh watsht stkwn jadaa llmraqba.

it It will be being watched. it uil bi bingh watsht sykwn jadaa llmraqba.

we We will be being watched. ui uil bi bingh watsht snkwn jadayn llmraqba.

you You will be being watched. iu uil bi bingh watsht stkwnwn jadayn llmraqba.

they They will be being watched. dei uil bi bingh watsht sykwnwn jadayn llmraqba.

7. Presente perfecto Voz pasiva

Formación: faal + have/has been + V3

ntq Formación: sábyect + haf/jas bin + vy thry

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I have been invited. ai haf bin invaytid tmt dawty.

you You have been invited. iu haf bin invaytid tmt dawtk.

he He has been invited. ji jas bin invaytid tmt dawth.

she She has been invited. shi jas bin invaytid tmt dawtha.

it It has been invited. it jas bin invaytid tmt dawth.

we We have been invited. ui haf bin invaytid tmt dawtna.

you You have been invited. iu haf bin invaytid tmt dawtkm.

they They have been invited. dei haf bin invaytid tmt dawthm.

8. Pasado perfecto Voz pasiva

Formación: faal + had been + V3

ntq Formación: sábyect + had bin + vy thry

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I had been invited. ai had bin invaytid knt qd duayt.

you You had been invited. iu had bin invaytid knt qd duayt.

he He had been invited. ji had bin invaytid kan qd duay.

she She had been invited. shi had bin invaytid kant qd duayt.

it It had been invited. it had bin invaytid kan qd duay.

we We had been invited. ui had bin invaytid kna qd duayna.

you You had been invited. iu had bin invaytid kntm qd duaytm.

they They had been invited. dei had bin invaytid kanwa qd duawa.

9. Futuro perfecto Voz pasiva

Formación: faal + will have been + V3

ntq Formación: sábyect + uil haf bin + vy thry

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I will have been invited. ai uil haf bin invaytid sakwn qd duayt.

you You will have been invited. iu uil haf bin invaytid stkwn qd duayt.

he He will have been invited. ji uil haf bin invaytid sykwn qd duay.

she She will have been invited. shi uil haf bin invaytid stkwn qd duayt.

it It will have been invited. it uil haf bin invaytid sykwn qd duay.

we We will have been invited. ui uil haf bin invaytid snkwn qd duayna.

you You will have been invited. iu uil haf bin invaytid stkwnwn qd duaytm.

they They will have been invited. dei uil haf bin invaytid sykwnwn qd duawa.

10. Presente perfecto continuo Voz pasiva

Formación: faal + have/has been being + V3

ntq Formación: sábyect + haf/jas bin bingh + vy thry

Esta forma es gramaticalmente correcta, pero es muy rara y poco natural en muchos contextos.

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I have been being watched. ai haf bin bingh watsht knt auraqab pastmrar hasta alan.

you You have been being watched. iu haf bin bingh watsht knt turaqab pastmrar hasta alan.

he He has been being watched. ji jas bin bingh watsht kan yuraqab pastmrar hasta alan.

she She has been being watched. shi jas bin bingh watsht kant turaqab pastmrar hasta alan.

it It has been being watched. it jas bin bingh watsht kan yuraqab pastmrar hasta alan.

we We have been being watched. ui haf bin bingh watsht kna nuraqab pastmrar hasta alan.

you You have been being watched. iu haf bin bingh watsht kntm turaqabwn pastmrar hasta alan.

they They have been being watched. dei haf bin bingh watsht kanwa yuraqabwn pastmrar hasta alan.

11. Pasado perfecto continuo Voz pasiva

Formación: faal + had been being + V3

ntq Formación: sábyect + had bin bingh + vy thry

Esta forma también es muy rara.

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I had been being watched. ai had bin bingh watsht knt qd auraqab pastmrar.

you You had been being watched. iu had bin bingh watsht knt qd turaqab pastmrar.

he He had been being watched. ji had bin bingh watsht kan qd yuraqab pastmrar.

she She had been being watched. shi had bin bingh watsht kant qd turaqab pastmrar.

it It had been being watched. it had bin bingh watsht kan qd yuraqab pastmrar.

we We had been being watched. ui had bin bingh watsht kna qd nuraqab pastmrar.

you You had been being watched. iu had bin bingh watsht kntm qd turaqabwn pastmrar.

they They had been being watched. dei had bin bingh watsht kanwa qd yuraqabwn pastmrar.

12. Futuro perfecto continuo Voz pasiva

Formación: faal + will have been being + V3

ntq Formación: sábyect + uil haf bin bingh + vy thry

Esta forma es extremadamente rara.

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I will have been being watched. ai uil haf bin bingh watsht sakwn qd jdat llmraqba pastmrar.

you You will have been being watched. iu uil haf bin bingh watsht stkwn qd jdat llmraqba pastmrar.

he He will have been being watched. ji uil haf bin bingh watsht sykwn qd jda llmraqba pastmrar.

she She will have been being watched. shi uil haf bin bingh watsht stkwn qd jdat llmraqba pastmrar.

it It will have been being watched. it uil haf bin bingh watsht sykwn qd jda llmraqba pastmrar.

we We will have been being watched. ui uil haf bin bingh watsht snkwn qd jdana llmraqba pastmrar.

you You will have been being watched. iu uil haf bin bingh watsht stkwnwn qd jdatm llmraqba pastmrar.

they They will have been being watched. dei uil haf bin bingh watsht sykwnwn qd jdawa llmraqba pastmrar.

7- alnafy

. Presente simple — Negación

Formación: faal + do/does + not + V1

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I do not work. ai du not uork ana la aaml.

You You do not work. iu du not uork ant la taml.

He He does not work. ji das not uork hw la yaml.

She She does not work. shi das not uork ji la taml.

It It does not work. it das not uork hw/ji la yaml llashia.

We We do not work. ui du not uork nhn la naml.

They They do not work. dei du not uork hm la yamlwn.

Abreviaturas:

do not → don't — dunt

does not → doesn't — dasant

⚠️ bad doesn't nstjdm V1:

He doesn't work. ✅

He doesn't works. ❌

2. Pasado simple — Negación

Formación: faal + did + not + V1

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I did not work. ai did not uork ana lm aaml.

You You did not work. iu did not uork ant lm taml.

He He did not work. ji did not uork hw lm yaml.

She She did not work. shi did not uork ji lm taml.

It It did not work. it did not uork lm yaml.

We We did not work. ui did not uork nhn lm naml.

They They did not work. dei did not uork hm lm yamlwa.

did not → didn't — didant

⚠️ bad didn't nstjdm V1:

I didn't work. ✅

I didn't worked. ❌

3. Futuro simple — Negación

Formación: faal + will + not + V1

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I will not work. ai uil not uork ln aaml.

You You will not work. iu uil not uork ln taml.

He He will not work. ji uil not uork ln yaml.

She She will not work. shi uil not uork ln taml.

It It will not work. it uil not uork ln yaml.

We We will not work. ui uil not uork ln naml.

They They will not work. dei uil not uork ln yamlwa.

will not → won't — wwnt

Tiempos continuos

4. Presente continuo — Negación

Formación: faal + am/is/are + not + V-ing

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I am not working. ai am not uórking ana la aaml alan.

You You are not working. iu ar not uórking ant la taml alan.

He He is not working. ji is not uórking hw la yaml alan.

She She is not working. shi is not uórking ji la taml alan.

It It is not working. it is not uórking inh la yaml alan.

We We are not working. ui ar not uórking nhn la naml alan.

They They are not working. dei ar not uórking hm la yamlwn alan.

alAbreviaturas:

is not → isn't — isant

are not → aren't — arant

am not → I'm not — aim not

5. Pasado continuo — Negación

Formación: faal + was/were + not + V-ing

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I was not working. ai waz not uórking lm akn aaml.

You You were not working. iu uer not uórking lm tkn taml.

He He was not working. ji waz not uórking lm ykn yaml.

She She was not working. shi waz not uórking lm tkn taml.

It It was not working. it waz not uórking lm ykn yaml.

We We were not working. ui uer not uórking lm nkn naml.

They They were not working. dei uer not uórking lm ykwnwa yamlwn.

alAbreviaturas:

was not → wasn't — wazant

were not → weren't — uerant

6. Futuro continuo — Negación

Formación: faal + will + not + be + V-ing

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I will not be working. ai uil not bi uórking ln akwn aaml.

You You will not be working. iu uil not bi uórking ln tkwn taml.

He He will not be working. ji uil not bi uórking ln ykwn yaml.

She She will not be working. shi uil not bi uórking ln tkwn taml.

It It will not be working. it uil not bi uórking ln ykwn yaml.

We We will not be working. ui uil not bi uórking ln nkwn naml.

They They will not be working. dei uil not bi uórking ln ykwnwa yamlwn.

Tiempos perfectos

7. Presente perfecto — Negación

Formación: faal + have/has + not + V3

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I have not worked. ai haf not uorkt lm aaml / lm akn qd amlt.

You You have not worked. iu haf not uorkt lm taml.

He He has not worked. ji jas not uorkt lm yaml.

She She has not worked. shi jas not uorkt lm taml.

It It has not worked. it jas not uorkt lm yaml.

We We have not worked. ui haf not uorkt lm naml.

They They have not worked. dei haf not uorkt lm yamlwa.

alAbreviaturas:

have not → haven't — hafant

has not → hasn't — jasant

8. Pasado perfecto — Negación

Formación: faal + had + not + V3

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I had not worked. ai had not uorkt lm akn qd amlt.

You You had not worked. iu had not uorkt lm tkn qd amlt.

He He had not worked. ji had not uorkt lm ykn qd aml.

She She had not worked. shi had not uorkt lm tkn qd amlt.

It It had not worked. it had not uorkt lm ykn qd aml.

We We had not worked. ui had not uorkt lm nkn qd amlna.

They They had not worked. dei had not uorkt lm ykwnwa qd amlwa.

had not → hadn't — hadant

9. Futuro perfecto — Negación

Formación: faal + will + not + have + V3

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I will not have worked. ai uil not haf uorkt ln akwn qd amlt.

You You will not have worked. iu uil not haf uorkt ln tkwn qd amlt.

He He will not have worked. ji uil not haf uorkt ln ykwn qd aml.

She She will not have worked. shi uil not haf uorkt ln tkwn qd amlt.

It It will not have worked. it uil not haf uorkt ln ykwn qd aml.

We We will not have worked. ui uil not haf uorkt ln nkwn qd amlna.

They They will not have worked. dei uil not haf uorkt ln ykwnwa qd amlwa.

Tiempos perfecto-continuos

10. Presente perfecto continuo — Negación

Formación: faal + have/has + not + been + V-ing

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I have not been working. ai haf not bin uórking lm akn aaml / lm aaml lftra.

You You have not been working. iu haf not bin uórking lm tkn taml lftra.

He He has not been working. ji jas not bin uórking lm ykn yaml lftra.

She She has not been working. shi jas not bin uórking lm tkn taml lftra.

It It has not been working. it jas not bin uórking lm ykn yaml lftra.

We We have not been working. ui haf not bin uórking lm nkn naml lftra.

They They have not been working. dei haf not bin uórking lm ykwnwa yamlwn lftra.

11. Pasado perfecto continuo — Negación

Formación: faal + had + not + been + V-ing

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I had not been working. ai had not bin uórking lm akn aaml lftra.

You You had not been working. iu had not bin uórking lm tkn taml lftra.

He He had not been working. ji had not bin uórking lm ykn yaml lftra.

She She had not been working. shi had not bin uórking lm tkn taml lftra.

It It had not been working. it had not bin uórking lm ykn yaml lftra.

We We had not been working. ui had not bin uórking lm nkn naml lftra.

They They had not been working. dei had not bin uórking lm ykwnwa yamlwn lftra.

12. Futuro perfecto continuo — Negación

Formación: faal + will + not + have + been + V-ing

Pronombre Oración Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I will not have been working. ai uil not haf bin uórking ln akwn qd amlt lmda.

You You will not have been working. iu uil not haf bin uórking ln tkwn qd amlt lmda.

He He will not have been working. ji uil not haf bin uórking ln ykwn qd aml lmda.

She She will not have been working. shi uil not haf bin uórking ln tkwn qd amlt lmda.

It It will not have been working. it uil not haf bin uórking ln ykwn qd aml lmda.

We We will not have been working. ui uil not haf bin uórking ln nkwn qd amlna lmda.

They They will not have been working. dei uil not haf bin uórking ln ykwnwa qd amlwa lmda.

. Presente simple Voz pasiva — Negación

Formación

balarbia: faal + am/is/are + not + V3

ntq Formación: sábyect + am/is/ar + not + vy thry

Pronombre Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I am not invited. ai am not invaytid ana la ttm dawty.

You You are not invited. iu ar not invaytid ant la ttm dawtk.

He He is not invited. ji is not invaytid hw la ttm dawth.

She She is not invited. shi is not invaytid ji la ttm dawtha.

It It is not used. it is not iuzd la ytm astjdamh.

We We are not invited. ui ar not invaytid nhn la ttm dawtna.

They They are not invited. dei ar not invaytid hm la ttm dawthm.

is not → isn't — isant

are not → aren't — arant

2. Pasado simple Voz pasiva — Negación

Formación

balarbia: faal + was/were + not + V3

ntq Formación: sábyect + waz/uer + not + vy thry

Pronombre Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I was not invited. ai waz not invaytid lm ttm dawty.

You You were not invited. iu uer not invaytid lm ttm dawtk.

He He was not invited. ji waz not invaytid lm ttm dawth.

She She was not invited. shi waz not invaytid lm ttm dawtha.

It It was not used. it waz not iuzd lm ytm astjdamh.

We We were not invited. ui uer not invaytid lm ttm dawtna.

They They were not invited. dei uer not invaytid lm ttm dawthm.

was not → wasn't — wazant

were not → weren't — uerant

3. Futuro simple Voz pasiva — Negación

Formación

balarbia: faal + will + not + be + V3

ntq Formación: sábyect + uil + not + bi + vy thry

Pronombre Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I will not be invited. ai uil not bi invaytid ln ttm dawty.

You You will not be invited. iu uil not bi invaytid ln ttm dawtk.

He He will not be invited. ji uil not bi invaytid ln ttm dawth.

She She will not be invited. shi uil not bi invaytid ln ttm dawtha.

It It will not be used. it uil not bi iuzd ln ytm astjdamh.

We We will not be invited. ui uil not bi invaytid ln ttm dawtna.

They They will not be invited. dei uil not bi invaytid ln ttm dawthm.

will not → won't — wwnt

4. Presente continuo Voz pasiva — Negación

Formación

balarbia: faal + am/is/are + not + being + V3

ntq Formación: sábyect + am/is/ar + not + bingh + vy thry

Pronombre Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I am not being invited. ai am not bingh invaytid la ttm dawty alan.

You You are not being invited. iu ar not bingh invaytid la ttm dawtk alan.

He He is not being invited. ji is not bingh invaytid la ttm dawth alan.

She She is not being invited. shi is not bingh invaytid la ttm dawtha alan.

It It is not being used. it is not bingh iuzd la ytm astjdamh alan.

We We are not being invited. ui ar not bingh invaytid la ttm dawtna alan.

They They are not being invited. dei ar not bingh invaytid la ttm dawthm alan.

5. Pasado continuo Voz pasiva — Negación

Formación

balarbia: faal + was/were + not + being + V3

ntq Formación: sábyect + waz/uer + not + bingh + vy thry

Pronombre Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I was not being invited. ai waz not bingh invaytid lm ttm dawty fy dhlk alwqt.

You You were not being invited. iu uer not bingh invaytid lm ttm dawtk fy dhlk alwqt.

He He was not being invited. ji waz not bingh invaytid lm ttm dawth fy dhlk alwqt.

She She was not being invited. shi waz not bingh invaytid lm ttm dawtha fy dhlk alwqt.

It It was not being used. it waz not bingh iuzd lm ykn ytm astjdamh.

We We were not being invited. ui uer not bingh invaytid lm ttm dawtna fy dhlk alwqt.

They They were not being invited. dei uer not bingh invaytid lm ttm dawthm fy dhlk alwqt.

6. Futuro continuo Voz pasiva — Negación

Formación

balarbia: faal + will + not + be + being + V3

ntq Formación: sábyect + uil + not + bi + bingh + vy thry

Pronombre Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I will not be being invited. ai uil not bi bingh invaytid ln akwn fy hala ttm fyha dawty.

You You will not be being invited. iu uil not bi bingh invaytid ln tkwn fy hala ttm fyha dawtk.

He He will not be being invited. ji uil not bi bingh invaytid ln ykwn fy hala ttm fyha dawth.

She She will not be being invited. shi uil not bi bingh invaytid ln tkwn fy hala ttm fyha dawtha.

We We will not be being invited. ui uil not bi bingh invaytid ln nkwn fy hala ttm fyha dawtna.

They They will not be being invited. dei uil not bi bingh invaytid ln ykwnwa fy hala ttm fyha dawthm.

⚠️ hde altrkyb shyh mn nahya albnya alnzrya, lknh nadr yda wghyr tbiay fy alastamal aliumi. ghalba yuaad syaghth btryqa abst.

7. Presente perfecto Voz pasiva — Negación

Formación

balarbia: faal + have/has + not + been + V3

ntq Formación: sábyect + haf/jas + not + bin + vy thry

Pronombre Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I have not been invited. ai haf not bin invaytid lm ttm dawty.

You You have not been invited. iu haf not bin invaytid lm ttm dawtk.

He He has not been invited. ji jas not bin invaytid lm ttm dawth.

She She has not been invited. shi jas not bin invaytid lm ttm dawtha.

It It has not been used. it jas not bin iuzd lm ytm astjdamh.

We We have not been invited. ui haf not bin invaytid lm ttm dawtna.

They They have not been invited. dei haf not bin invaytid lm ttm dawthm.

have not → haven't — hafant

has not → hasn't — jasant

8. Pasado perfecto Voz pasiva — Negación

Formación

balarbia: faal + had + not + been + V3

ntq Formación: sábyect + had + not + bin + vy thry

Pronombre Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I had not been invited. ai had not bin invaytid lm tkn qd tmt dawty.

You You had not been invited. iu had not bin invaytid lm tkn qd tmt dawtk.

He He had not been invited. ji had not bin invaytid lm tkn qd tmt dawth.

She She had not been invited. shi had not bin invaytid lm tkn qd tmt dawtha.

We We had not been invited. ui had not bin invaytid lm tkn qd tmt dawtna.

They They had not been invited. dei had not bin invaytid lm tkn qd tmt dawthm.

had not → hadn't — hadant

9. Futuro perfecto Voz pasiva — Negación

Formación

balarbia: faal + will + not + have + been + V3

ntq Formación: sábyect + uil + not + haf + bin + vy thry

Pronombre Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I will not have been invited. ai uil not haf bin invaytid ln tkwn qd tmt dawty.

You You will not have been invited. iu uil not haf bin invaytid ln tkwn qd tmt dawtk.

He He will not have been invited. ji uil not haf bin invaytid ln tkwn qd tmt dawth.

She She will not have been invited. shi uil not haf bin invaytid ln tkwn qd tmt dawtha.

We We will not have been invited. ui uil not haf bin invaytid ln tkwn qd tmt dawtna.

They They will not have been invited. dei uil not haf bin invaytid ln tkwn qd tmt dawthm.

10. Presente perfecto continuo Voz pasiva — Negación

Formación

balarbia: faal + have/has + not + been + being + V3

ntq Formación: sábyect + haf/jas + not + bin + bingh + vy thry

Pronombre Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I have not been being invited. ai haf not bin bingh invaytid lm akn fy hala ttm fyha dawty pastmrar.

You You have not been being invited. iu haf not bin bingh invaytid lm tkn fy hala ttm fyha dawtk pastmrar.

He He has not been being invited. ji jas not bin bingh invaytid lm ykn fy hala ttm fyha dawth pastmrar.

She She has not been being invited. shi jas not bin bingh invaytid lm tkn fy hala ttm fyha dawtha pastmrar.

We We have not been being invited. ui haf not bin bingh invaytid lm nkn fy hala ttm fyha dawtna pastmrar.

They They have not been being invited. dei haf not bin bingh invaytid lm ykwnwa fy hala ttm fyha dawthm pastmrar.

⚠️ hde altrkyb nadr yda fy alinylyzya alhdytha, wghalba yuaad syaghth.

11. Pasado perfecto continuo Voz pasiva — Negación

Formación

balarbia: faal + had + not + been + being + V3

ntq Formación: sábyect + had + not + bin + bingh + vy thry

Pronombre Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I had not been being invited. ai had not bin bingh invaytid lm akn fy hala ttm fyha dawty pastmrar.

You You had not been being invited. iu had not bin bingh invaytid lm tkn fy hala ttm fyha dawtk pastmrar.

He He had not been being invited. ji had not bin bingh invaytid lm ykn fy hala ttm fyha dawth pastmrar.

She She had not been being invited. shi had not bin bingh invaytid lm tkn fy hala ttm fyha dawtha pastmrar.

We We had not been being invited. ui had not bin bingh invaytid lm nkn fy hala ttm fyha dawtna pastmrar.

They They had not been being invited. dei had not bin bingh invaytid lm ykwnwa fy hala ttm fyha dawthm pastmrar.

⚠️ hde alshkl nadr yda.

12. Futuro perfecto continuo Voz pasiva — Negación

Formación

balarbia: faal + will + not + have + been + being + V3

ntq Formación: sábyect + uil + not + haf + bin + bingh + vy thry

Pronombre Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

I I will not have been being invited. ai uil not haf bin bingh invaytid ln akwn qd knt fy hala ttm fyha dawty pastmrar.

You You will not have been being invited. iu uil not haf bin bingh invaytid ln tkwn qd knt fy hala ttm fyha dawtk pastmrar.

He He will not have been being invited. ji uil not haf bin bingh invaytid ln ykwn qd kan fy hala ttm fyha dawth pastmrar.

She She will not have been being invited. shi uil not haf bin bingh invaytid ln tkwn qd kant fy hala ttm fyha dawtha pastmrar.

We We will not have been being invited. ui uil not haf bin bingh invaytid ln nkwn qd kna fy hala ttm fyha dawtna pastmrar.

They They will not have been being invited. dei uil not haf bin bingh invaytid ln ykwnwa qd kanwa fy hala ttm fyha dawthm pastmrar.

⚠️ hde nadr llghaya, wmn alafdl aada iaada syaghth.

no + noun

almfhwm balarbia Fórmula en árabe ntq Formación Ejemplo Pronunciación Significado

asm mfrd madud no + asm mfrd nw + nawn no book nw bwk la iuyd libro

asm yma no + asm yma nw + blwral nawn no books nw bwks la tuyd ktb

Sustantivo incontable no + Sustantivo incontable nw + ankawntabul nawn no water nw wwtr la iuyd ma

ma wywd shi there is + no + asm mfrd/ghyr madud der is + nw + nawn There is no book. der is nw bwk la iuyd libro

ma wywd ashia there are + no + asm yma der ar + nw + blwral nawn There are no books. der ar nw bwks la tuyd ktb

almlkya/alamtlak have/has + no + asm haf/jas + nw + nawn I have no books. ai haf nw bwks lys ldy ktb

8- alaasyilaau

1 Presente simple Do/Does + Sujeto + V1 ...? — du/das + sábyect + vy wan? — Do you work? — du iu uork? — hl taml?

2 Pasado simple Did + Sujeto + V1 ...? — did + sábyect + vy wan? — Did you work? — did iu uork? — hl amlt?

3 Futuro simple Will + Sujeto + V1 ...? — uil + sábyect + vy wan? — Will you work? — uil iu uork? — hl staml?

4 Presente continuo Am/Is/Are + Sujeto + V-ing ...? — am/is/ar + sábyect + vy iingh? — Are you working? — ar iu uórking? — hl taml alan?

5 Pasado continuo Was/Were + Sujeto + V-ing ...? — waz/uer + sábyect + vy iingh? — Were you working? — uer iu uórking? — hl knt taml?

6 Futuro continuo Will + Sujeto + be + V-ing ...? — uil + sábyect + bi + vy iingh? — Will you be working? — uil iu bi uórking? — hl stkwn taml?

7 Presente perfecto Have/Has + Sujeto + V3 ...? — haf/jas + sábyect + vy thry? — Have you worked? — haf iu uorkt? — hl amlt?

8 Pasado perfecto Had + Sujeto + V3 ...? — had + sábyect + vy thry? — Had you worked? — had iu uorkt? — hl knt qd amlt?

9 Futuro perfecto Will + Sujeto + have + V3 ...? — uil + sábyect + haf + vy thry? — Will you have worked? — uil iu haf uorkt? — hl stkwn qd amlt?

10 Presente perfecto continuo Have/Has + Sujeto + been + V-ing ...? — haf/jas + sábyect + bin + vy iingh? — Have you been working? — haf iu bin uórking? — hl knt taml / hl taml desde ftra?

11 Pasado perfecto continuo Had + Sujeto + been + V-ing ...? — had + sábyect + bin + vy iingh? — Had you been working? — had iu bin uórking? — hl knt taml lftra?

12 Futuro perfecto continuo Will + Sujeto + have + been + V-ing ...? — uil + sábyect + haf + bin + vy iingh? — Will you have been working? — uil iu haf bin uórking? — hl stkwn qd amlt lmda?

almfhwm balarbia Fórmula en árabe ntq Formación balinylyzya bhrwf arbia

sual an shi What + msaad + faal + fal? wat + oksilyary + sábyect + verb?

sual an shjs kfaal Who + fal? hww + verb?

sual an shjs kmfawl Who/Whom + msaad + faal + fal? hww/hwm + oksilyary + sábyect + verb?

sual an mkan Where + msaad + faal + fal? wiyr + oksilyary + sábyect + verb?

sual an zman When + msaad + faal + fal? win + oksilyary + sábyect + verb?

sual an sbb Why + msaad + faal + fal? uai + oksilyary + sábyect + verb?

sual an ajtyar Which + asm + msaad + faal + fal? witsh + nawn + oksilyary + sábyect + verb?

sual an almlkya Whose + asm + ...? hwz + nawn + ...?

sual an altryqa How + msaad + faal + fal? haw + oksilyary + sábyect + verb?

sual an Número How many + asm yma + ...? haw miny + blwral nawn + ...?

sual an alkmia How much + Sustantivo incontable + ...? haw matsh + ankawntabul nawn + ...?

sual an almda How long + ...? haw lwngh + ...?

sual an altkrar How often + ...? haw ofin + ...?

sual an almsafa How far + ...? haw far + ...?

alqavarios alasasya

mazm asyla WH ttba:

WH-word + auxiliary + subject + main verb?

dbliu itsh uerd + oksilyary + sábyect + min verb?

Ejemplo:

Where + do + you + live?

wiyr + du + iu + liv?

= ayn taysh?

lkn ide kant WH-word nfsha ji Sujeto, fla nda aada do/does/did:

Who + works here?

hww uorks jir?

= man yaml hna?

whde hw alfrq alasasy bin:

Who did you see? → hww did iu sy? → man rayt?

Who saw you? → hww sw iu? → man rak?

8- alzuruwfu

. zrwf altkrar

Tipo balarbia Fórmula en árabe Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Adverbio Pronunciación balarbia Significado

altkrar aldaym zrf tkrar + Oracionesa adfirb auf frykwinsy + sintans always oluiz dayma

altkrar shbh aldaym zrf tkrar + Oracionesa adfirb auf frykwinsy + sintans usually yuwyuwaly aada

altkrar ghalba zrf tkrar + Oracionesa adfirb auf frykwinsy + sintans normally normaly aada / bshkl tbiay

altkrar ghalba zrf tkrar + Oracionesa adfirb auf frykwinsy + sintans generally yinaraly amwma

altkrar ghalba zrf tkrar + Oracionesa adfirb auf frykwinsy + sintans frequently frykwintly bshkl mtkrr

altkrar ahyana zrf tkrar + Oracionesa adfirb auf frykwinsy + sintans often ofin ghalba / kthyra

altkrar ahyana zrf tkrar + Oracionesa adfirb auf frykwinsy + sintans sometimes samtaymz ahyana

altkrar nadra zrf tkrar + Oracionesa adfirb auf frykwinsy + sintans occasionally aakyyanaly mn hyn lajr

altkrar nadra zrf tkrar + Oracionesa adfirb auf frykwinsy + sintans rarely ryrly nadra

altkrar alnadr yda zrf tkrar + Oracionesa adfirb auf frykwinsy + sintans seldom sildam nadra

adm altkrar zrf tkrar + Oracionesa adfirb auf frykwinsy + sintans never nivar abda

Ejemplo:

I always study English.

ai oluiz stady inghlish.

ana adrs alinylyzya dayma.

2. zrwf Tiempo verbal

Tipo balarbia Fórmula en árabe Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Adverbio Pronunciación balarbia Significado

Tiempo verbal alhaly zrf zmn taym adfirb now naw alan

Tiempo verbal alhaly zrf zmn taym adfirb currently karantly halya

Tiempo verbal alhaly zrf zmn taym adfirb presently brizintly halya

Tiempo verbal almady alqryb zrf zmn taym adfirb recently rysantly mujra

Tiempo verbal almady zrf zmn taym adfirb yesterday yistarday ams

Tiempo verbal almady zrf zmn taym adfirb before bifór mn antes de

Tiempo verbal almady zrf zmn taym adfirb previously bryvyasly sabqa

Tiempo verbal almady zrf zmn taym adfirb formerly formarly sabqa

Tiempo verbal almstmr zrf zmn taym adfirb still stil la yzal / ma zal

Tiempo verbal almstantes de zrf zmn taym adfirb soon swn qryba

Tiempo verbal almstantes de zrf zmn taym adfirb later lytar lahqa

Tiempo verbal almstantes de zrf zmn taym adfirb eventually ivintshuwaly fy alnhaya / fy nhaya almtaf

Tiempo verbal almbkr zrf zmn taym adfirb early irly mbkra

Tiempo verbal almtajr zrf zmn taym adfirb late lyt mtajra

albdaya zrf zmn taym adfirb first first ola

alnhaya zrf zmn taym adfirb finally faynaly ajyra

alastmrar zrf zmn taym adfirb meanwhile minuail fy hdhh alathna

alttaba zrf zmn taym adfirb then dhin thm / andydh

alttaba zrf zmn taym adfirb afterward aftrwrd bad dhlk

alttaba zrf zmn taym adfirb afterwards aftrwrdz bad dhlk

alttaba zrf zmn taym adfirb subsequently sabsikwintly lahqa / bad dhlk

3. zrwf Tiempo verbal almrtbta balmda walastmrar

Adverbio Pronunciación balarbia Significado

already olridy bVerbo / msbqa

yet yit bad / hasta alan

still stil ma zal

just yast fqt/lltu (yaty antes de Verbo)

ever ivar fy ay wqt / mn antes de

never nivar abda

once wans mra wahda / dat mra

twice tuais mrtyn

again aaghyn mra ajra

again and again aaghyn and aaghyn mrara wtkrara

forever furivar a / hacia alabd

temporarily timbararily muqta

permanently birmanantly bshkl daym

Ejemplo:

She has already finished.

shi jas olridy finisht.

lqd antht bVerbo.

4. zrwf almkan

Adverbio Pronunciación balarbia Significado

here jir hna

there der hnak

everywhere ivriuiyr fy kl mkan

somewhere samwiyr fy mkan ma

anywhere iny wiyr fy ay mkan

nowhere nwwiyr la mkan

abroad abrwd fy alfuera

overseas ovarsyz fy alfuera / wra albhar

nearby nyrbai balqrb

close klws balqrb

far far bayda

away oay bayda

back bak a / hacia aldetrás de / aayda

forward forward a / hacia alamam

backward bakward a / hacia aldetrás de

indoors indurz fy aldajl

outdoors autdurz fy alfuera

upstairs aabstyrz fy altabq alalui

downstairs dawnstyrz fy altabq alsfly

inside insayd fy aldajl

outside autsayd fy alfuera

5. zrwf aldrya

hdhh mhma yda lanha thdd mda qwa Adjetivo o Verbo o Adverbio.

Adverbio Pronunciación balarbia Significado

very viry yda

really ryaly hqa / yda

extremely ikstrymly llghaya

highly hayly bdrya aalya

absolutely absalwtly tmama / bshkl mtlq

completely kamblytly tmama

totally tutaly tmama

entirely intayrly balkaml

fully fuly balkaml

quite kuait a / hacia hd ma / yda bhsb alsyaq

rather ráder a / hacia hd ma / nwaa ma

fairly fyrly a / hacia hd ma

pretty bryty a / hacia hd kbir

somewhat samwat a / hacia hd ma

slightly slaytly qlyla

a little aa litil qlyla

too tu akthr mn allazm

enough inaf bma ykfy

almost olmwst tqryba

nearly nyrly tqryba

barely bérli balkad

hardly jardli balkad

scarcely skérsli balkad

deeply dybly bamq / bshda

greatly ghrytly bdrya kbira

so sw yda / a / hacia hde alhd

such satsh mthl hde / a / hacia hde alhd

a lot aa lut kthyra

a bit aa bit qlyla

a little bit aa litil bit qlyla yda

Ejemplo:

The movie is extremely interesting.

dha mwvy ikstrymly intristingh.

alfylm mmta llghaya.

6. zrwf alahtmal walyqyn

Adverbio Pronunciación balarbia Significado

certainly sirtanly baltakyd

definitely difinitly baltakyd

surely shwrly baltakyd

probably brabably ala alaryh

possibly basably mn almhtml

perhaps brhabs rbma

maybe mibi rbma

apparently aabarantly ala ma ybdu

evidently ividantly mn alwadh / ala ma ybdu

clearly klyrly bwdwh

obviously abvyasly mn alwadh

presumably brizwmably ala alaryh / mn almftrd

supposedly sabwzidly mn almftrd / hsb ma yuqal

undoubtedly andawtidly bla shk

arguably arghyuwably ymkn alqwl in

likely laykly ala alaryh

unlikely aanlaykly mn ghyr almryh

7. zrwf almwqf o wyha nzr almthdth

hdhh tsma ahyana sentence adverbs / stance adverbs lanha tabr an mwqf almthdth tyah Oración klha.

Adverbio Pronunciación balarbia Significado

fortunately fortshanatly lhsn alhz

unfortunately aanfortshanatly lsw alhz

luckily lakily lhsn alhz

sadly sadly llasf / bhzn

honestly anistly bsraha

frankly frankly bsraha

personally birsanaly shjsya

seriously syriyasly bydya

technically tiknikly mn alnahya altqnya

basically bisikly bshkl asasy

generally yinaraly amwma

normally normaly aada

naturally natsharaly btbiaa alhal

ideally aidyyaly mn alnahya Ejemploya

theoretically thyaritikly nzrya

practically braktikly amlya

politically balytikly syasya

economically iykanwmikly aqtsadya

personally birsanaly shjsya

surprisingly sarbrayzinghly bshkl mfayy

strangely strynyly bshkl ghryb

interestingly intristinghly wmn almthyr llahtmam

importantly imbwrtantly walahm mn dhlk

especially isbishaly jswsa

particularly birtikiularly bshkl jas

8. zrwf altrkyz

Adverbio Pronunciación balarbia Significado

only only fqt

just yast fqt / lltu

even iyvin hasta

also olsw ayda

too tu ayda

as well as uil ayda

mainly minly bshkl ryysy

mostly mwstly fy alghalb

merely mirly myrd

simply simbly bbsata / fqt

particularly birtikiularly jswsa

especially isbishaly jswsa

exactly ikzaktly baldbt

precisely brisaysly bdqa / baldbt

specifically sbisifikly thdyda

solely swlly fqt / hsrya

largely laryly a / hacia hd kbir

even iyvin hasta

indeed indyd bVerbo / hqa

Ejemplo:

Only John knows the answer.

only ywn nwz dhy ansar.

ywn whdh yarf aliyaba.

9. zrwf Negación

Adverbio Pronunciación balarbia Significado

not not lys / la

never nivar abda

nowhere nwwiyr la mkan

hardly jardli balkad

scarcely skérsli balkad

barely bérli balkad

rarely ryrly nadra

seldom sildam nadra

mlahza mhma:

not hw Partícula / palabra Negación alasasya:

I do not work.

ai du not uork.

ana la aaml.

10. zrwf alntyya o alastntay

Adverbio Pronunciación balarbia Significado

therefore derfor ldhlk / wbaltaly

thus dhas whkde / wbaltaly

consequently kwnsikwintly wbaltaly

accordingly aakwrdinghly wfqa ldhlk

hence hins wmn thm

otherwise aadharwaayz wila / bjlaf dhlk

Ejemplo:

He was sick; therefore, he stayed home.

ji waz sik; derfor, ji stayd hwm.

kan mryda; wldhlk bqy fy almnzl.

11. zrwf alidafa

Adverbio Pronunciación balarbia Significado

also olsw ayda

too tu ayda

additionally aadishanaly además de dhlk

moreover morovar alawa ala dhlk

furthermore firdharmor además de dhlk

besides bisáidz además de dhlk

likewise laykuaiz wbalmthl

similarly similarly balmthl

12. zrwf almqarna waltshabh

Adverbio Pronunciación balarbia Significado

similarly similarly balmthl

likewise laykuaiz balmthl

equally iykwaly baltsaui

similarly similarly bshkl mshabh

comparatively kambarativly balmqarna

relatively rylativly nsbia

correspondingly kwrisbwndinghly bswra mtnasba

13. zrwf alrbt waltnzym

tustjdm lrbt alafkar wtnzym alklam.

Adverbio Pronunciación balarbia Significado

however jauéver lkn / wma dhlk

therefore derfor ldhlk

moreover morovar alawa ala dhlk

furthermore firdharmor además de dhlk

nevertheless nivadhardhales ma dhlk

nonetheless nandhales ma dhlk

meanwhile minuail fy hdhh alathna

instead instid en lugar de dhlk

otherwise aadharwaayz wila / bjlaf dhlk

consequently kwnsikwintly wbaltaly

subsequently sabsikwintly bad dhlk

alternatively oltirnativly bdyla an dhlk

finally faynaly ajyra

firstly firstly ola

secondly sikndly thanya

thirdly thirdly thaltha

next nikst bad dhlk

then dhin thm

afterward aftrwrd bad dhlk

14. zrwf alsual

hdhh tustjdm ltkuin asyla WH o asyla an altryqa waldrya walmda waltkrar.

Palabra Pronunciación balarbia Significado

how haw kyf

when win mta

where wiyr ayn

why uai lmade

how much haw matsh km / ma mqdar

how many haw miny km add

how often haw ofin km mra

how long haw lwngh km mn alwqt

how far haw far km almsafa

how soon haw swn km qryba / mta qryba

how well haw uil a / hacia ay mda bshkl yyd

how quickly haw cuíkli km bsraa

Ejemplo:

How often do you exercise?

haw ofin du iu iksrsayz?

km mra ttmrn?

15. zrwf altryqa

tsf kyf yhdth Verbo.

Adverbio Pronunciación balarbia Significado

quickly cuíkli bsraa

slowly slwly bbt

carefully kyrfuly bhdhr

easily iyzyly bshwla

badly badly bshkl syy

well uil yyda

clearly klyrly bwdwh

quietly kuaiatly bhdu

loudly lawdly bswt aal

secretly sykritly sra

openly obinly alna

together taghidhar maa

apart aabart mnfslyn

directly directly mbashra

indirectly indirectly bshkl ghyr mbashr

deliberately dilybaratly amda

accidentally aksidintaly balsdfa

carefully kyrfuly banaya

successfully saksisfuly bnyah

differently difrantly bshkl diferente

16. zrwf altuqa

Adverbio Pronunciación balarbia Significado

hopefully hwbfuly naml an / ala aml

presumably brizwmably ala aftrad

supposedly sabwzidly hsb ma yuftrd

predictably brediktably bswra mtuqaa

unexpectedly aanksbiktidly bshkl ghyr mtuqa

inevitably iinivitably htma / la mhala

eventually ivintshuwaly fy nhaya almtaf

17. zrwf altrtyb

Adverbio Pronunciación balarbia Significado

first first ola

firstly firstly ola

second siknd thanya

secondly sikndly thanya

third third thaltha

thirdly thirdly thaltha

next nikst bad dhlk

then dhin thm

finally faynaly ajyra

lastly lastly ajyra

18. zrwf altukyd

Adverbio Pronunciación balarbia Significado

certainly sirtanly baltakyd

definitely difinitly baltakyd

indeed indyd bVerbo

really ryaly hqa

truly trwly hqa

absolutely absalwtly tmama

actually aktshuwaly fy alwaqa

literally léteraly hrfya

genuinely yinyuwinly bsdq / hqa

clearly klyrly bwdwh

obviously abvyasly mn alwadh

surely shwrly baltakyd

right (yaty antes de Adverbio) rait baldbt

19. zrwf altshyh waltudyh

Adverbio Pronunciación balarbia Significado

actually aktshuwaly fy alwaqa

really ryaly fy alhqyqa

rather ráder balahra

instead instid en lugar de dhlk

specifically sbisifikly thdyda

precisely brisaysly bdqa

exactly ikzaktly baldbt

namely nymly ay / thdyda

simply simbly bbsata

basically bisikly bshkl asasy

20. zrwf altqryb

Adverbio Pronunciación balarbia Significado

almost olmwst tqryba

nearly nyrly tqryba

approximately abruksimatly tqryba

roughly rafly tqryba

about abawt hwaly

around arawnd hwaly

virtually virtshuwaly tqryba / amlya

practically braktikly tqryba / amlya

roughly rafly bshkl tqrybi

21. zrwf alastthna

Adverbio Pronunciación balarbia Significado

only only fqt

merely mirly myrd

solely swlly fqt / hsrya

exclusively iksklwsivly hsrya

otherwise aadharwaayz wila

apart aabart pastthna / mnfsla

22. zrwf alshmwl

Adverbio Pronunciación balarbia Significado

altogether oltaghidhar klya / iymala

entirely intayrly balkaml

completely kamblytly tmama

fully fuly balkaml

wholly hwly klya

universally yuwnivirsaly bshkl shaml / aalmia

23. zrwf alalaqa bin Oración walmalwma

hdhh mn ahm sentence adverbs:

Adverbio Pronunciación balarbia Significado

actually aktshuwaly fy alwaqa

apparently aabarantly ala ma ybdu

certainly sirtanly baltakyd

clearly klyrly bwdwh

definitely difinitly baltakyd

evidently ividantly mn alwadh

fortunately fortshanatly lhsn alhz

frankly frankly bsraha

generally yinaraly amwma

honestly anistly bsraha

ideally aidyyaly mn alnahya Ejemploya

indeed indyd bVerbo

naturally natsharaly btbiaa alhal

obviously abvyasly mn alwadh

personally birsanaly shjsya

perhaps brhabs rbma

probably brabably ala alaryh

seriously syriyasly bydya

surely shwrly baltakyd

surprisingly sarbrayzinghly bshkl mfayy

theoretically thyaritikly nzrya

unfortunately aanfortshanatly lsw alhz

Tipo balarbia Fórmula en árabe Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Significado

Adverbio mn Adjetivo – altryqa alasasya Adjetivo + -ly adyéctiv + ly quick → quickly kwik → cuíkli srya → bsraa

Adjetivo almntjia b y hdhf y + -ily adyéctiv − uai + iyly happy → happily habi → habily sayd → bsaada

Adjetivo almntjia b -le hdhf e + -y adyéctiv − iy + uai gentle → gently yintal → yintly ltyf → bltf

Adjetivo almntjia b -ic Adjetivo + -ally adyéctiv + aally basic → basically bisik → bisikly asasy → bshkl asasy

bad alsfat almntjia b -ic Adjetivo + -ally adyéctiv + aally dramatic → dramatically dramatik → dramatikly drami → bshkl drami

bad alsfat almntjia b -ue Adjetivo + -ly adyéctiv + ly true → truly trw → trwly hqyqy → hqa

Adjetivo almntjia b -ll Adjetivo + -y adyéctiv + uai full → fully ful → fuly kaml → balkaml

sfa la ttghyr nfs Palabra sym uerd fast → fast fast → fast srya → bsraa

sfa la ttghyr nfs Palabra sym uerd hard → hard hard → hard sab/byd → byd

sfa la ttghyr nfs Palabra sym uerd late → late lyt → lyt mtajr → mtajra

sfa la ttghyr nfs Palabra sym uerd early → early irly → irly mbkr → mbkra

zrf ghyr mntzm shkl jas iyrighiular form good → well ghud → uil yyd → yyda

zrf mshtq mn asm asm + -ward/-wards nawn + wwrd/wwrdz home → homeward hwm → hwmward almnzl → hacia almnzl

zrf mshtq mn asm asm + -wise nawn + uaiz clock → clockwise klwk → klwkuaiz alsaaa → batyah aqarb alsaaa

zrf mrkb klma + klma uerd + uerd somehow samaw btryqa ma

zrf mrkb klma + klma uerd + uerd everywhere ivriuiyr fy kl mkan

abara zrfya klma/abara + asm o hrf yr adfirbial fryz in the morning in dha mornyngh fy alsbah

9- aadawaatu alrabti

. aduat alatf almtsauia — Coordinating Conjunctions

hdhh trbt anasr mtsauia haciaya.

Partícula / palabra alrbt Pronunciación balarbia Significado

and and w

but bat lkn

or or o

nor nor wla

for for lan / idh

yet yit lkn / wma dhlk

so sw ldhlk / lde

FANBOYS

For — for

And — and

Nor — nor

But — bat

Or — or

Yet — yit

So — sw

I was tired, but I worked.

ai waz tayrd, bat ai uorkt.

knt mtaba, lknny amlt.

2. Conjunciones altabaa — Subordinating Conjunctions

hdhh trbt Oracionesa tabaa bOracionesa ryysya.

alsbb

Partícula / palabra alrbt Pronunciación balarbia Significado

because bikwz/kwz lan

since sins lan / bma an

as as lan / bma an

seeing that syyngh dat nzra lan

seeing as syyngh as bma an

now that naw dat bma an / alan bad an

given that ghivin dat nzra lan

considering that kansidaringh dat balnzr a / hacia an

inasmuch as in as matsh as bqdr ma / nzra lan

insofar as insw far as bqdr ma / mn hyth in

insomuch as insamatsh as a / hacia hd an

in that in dat mn hyth in

I stayed home because I was tired.

ai stayd hwm bikwz ai waz tayrd.

bqyt fy almnzl lanny knt mtaba.

3. aduat Condicional

Partícula / palabra alrbt Pronunciación balarbia Significado

if if ide

unless aanles ma lm / ila ide

provided bravaydid bshrt an

provided that bravaydid dat bshrt an

providing bravaydingh bshrt an

providing that bravaydingh dat bshrt an

as long as as lwngh as talma / bshrt an

so long as sw lwngh as talma

on condition that on kandishan dat bshrt an

in case in kys fy hala an / thsba l

in the event that in dhy ivint dat fy hal an

assuming that aaswmingh dat baftrad an

supposing that sabwzingh dat ala aftrad an

suppose that sabwz dat aftrd an

given that ghivin dat balnzr a / hacia an

granted that ghrantid dat hasta ma altslym ban

granting that ghrantingh dat hasta ma altslym ban

If you study, you will learn.

if iu stady, iu uil lirn.

ide drst, fswf ttalm.

4. aduat altbain waltnazl

Partícula / palabra alrbt Pronunciación balarbia Significado

although oldu a pesar de an / ma an

though du a pesar de an / ma an

even though iyvin du a pesar de an

even if iyvin if hasta lw

whereas wiyras binma / fy hyn an

while uail binma / fy hyn an

whilst uailst binma

albeit olbiit a pesar de an / win kan

much as matsh as a pesar de an

however much jauéver matsh mhma kan mqdar

no matter how nw matar haw mhma kant altryqa/aldrya

no matter what nw matar wat mhma kan

no matter who nw matar hww mhma kan alshjs

no matter where nw matar wiyr aynma

no matter when nw matar win mta ma

no matter which nw matar witsh aya kan

Even though he was tired, he continued.

iyvin du ji waz tayrd, ji kantiniud.

a pesar de anh kan mtaba, astmr.

5. aduat Tiempo verbal

Partícula / palabra alrbt Pronunciación balarbia Significado

when win andma

whenever winivar klma / mta ma

while uail binma

whilst uailst binma

before bifór antes de an

after aftr bad an

until / till / 'til / 'till aantil / til / til / til hasta

since sins desde an

once wans bmyrd an

as soon as as swn as bmyrd an

as long as as lwngh as talma

so long as sw lwngh as talma

by the time bai dha taym bhlwl alwqt aldhy

every time ivry taym fy kl mra

each time iytsh taym fy kl mra

the moment dha mwmant fy allhza alty

the minute dha minit bmyrd an

the instant dhy instant bmyrd an

directly directly bmyrd an

immediately imidyatly bmyrd an

hardly ... when jardli ... win apenas ... cuando

scarcely ... when skérsli ... win apenas ... cuando

no sooner ... than nw sóner ... den apenas ... cuando

Call me when you arrive.

kwl mi win iu aarayv.

atsl bi andma tsl.

6. aduat Finalidad

Partícula / palabra alrbt Pronunciación balarbia Significado

so that sw dat lky / hasta

in order that in ordar dat lky

lest lest lyla / jshia an

for fear that for fyr dat jwfa mn an

in case in kys thsba lan

I studied hard so that I could pass.

ai stadiyd hard sw dat ai kud bas.

drst byd lky atmkn mn alnyah.

7. aduat alntyya

Partícula / palabra Pronunciación balarbia Significado

so ... that sw ... dat ldrya an

such ... that satsh ... dat ldrya an

so that sw dat bhyth / bhyth in

such that satsh dat bhyth in

He was so tired that he slept immediately.

ji waz sw tayrd dat ji slibt imidyatly.

kan mtaba yda ldrya anh nam fora.

8. aduat almqarna

Partícula / palabra Pronunciación balarbia Significado

than den mn

as ... as as ... as mthl / bqdr

not as ... as not as ... as lys bqdr

as if as if como si

as though as du como si

just as yast as igual que

the more ... the more dha mor ... dha mor cuanto más ... más

the more ... the less dha mor ... dha les cuanto más ... menos

the less ... the more dha les ... dha mor cuanto menos ... más

the less ... the less dha les ... dha les cuanto menos ... menos

She is taller than I am.

shi is tular den ai am.

ji atwl mny.

9. Palabras de manera o comparación

Partícula / palabra Pronunciación balarbia Significado

as as como

as if as if como si

as though as du como si

just as yast as igual que

the way dha uai de la manera que

in the way that in dha uai dat de la manera que

however jauéver de cualquier manera

however you jauéver iu como sea

He talks as if he knows everything.

ji tuks as if ji nwz ivrythingh.

Habla como si lo supiera todo.

10. Palabras de elección

Partícula / palabra Pronunciación balarbia Significado

or or o

either ... or iydhar ... or o ... o

whether ... or uíder ... or si ... o

whether ... or not uíder ... or not si ... o no

Either you come or I leave.

iydhar iu kam or ai liv.

O vienes o me voy.

11. Conjunciones correlativas

Correlative Conjunctions

Formación Pronunciación balarbia Significado

both ... and bwth ... and klahma ... w

either ... or iydhar ... or o ... o

neither ... nor nydhar ... nor la ... wla

not only ... but also not only ... bat olsw lys fqt ... bl ayda

whether ... or uíder ... or si ... o

whether ... or not uíder ... or not si ... o no

rather ... than ráder ... den en lugar de

no sooner ... than nw sóner ... den apenas ... cuando

hardly ... when jardli ... win apenas ... cuando

scarcely ... when skérsli ... win apenas ... cuando

barely ... when bérli ... win apenas ... cuando

the more ... the more dha mor ... dha mor cuanto más ... más

the more ... the less dha mor ... dha les cuanto más ... menos

the less ... the more dha les ... dha mor cuanto menos ... más

the less ... the less dha les ... dha les cuanto menos ... menos

12. Conjunciones aljasa balidafa

Partícula / palabra Pronunciación balarbia Significado

and and w

as well as as uil as además de

not to mention not tu minshan najik an

besides bisáidz además de

let alone lit alwn najik an

much less matsh les najik an

to say nothing of tu say nathingh auv najik an

apart from aabart fram además de / pastthna

aside from aasayd fram además de / pastthna

bad hdhh altrakyb ymkn an tkwn prepositional phrases o trakyb rbt hsb astjdamha, ldhlk la tusnaf ymiaha conjunctions bSignificado aldyq.

13. aduat alastthna

Partícula / palabra Pronunciación balarbia Significado

except that iksibt dat pastthna an

except when iksibt win pastthna andma

except if iksibt if ila ide

save that syv dat pastthna an

but that bat dat ila an

unless aanles ila ide / ma lm

14. aduat alaftrad

Partícula / palabra Pronunciación balarbia Significado

assuming that aaswmingh dat baftrad an

supposing that sabwzingh dat ala aftrad an

suppose that sabwz dat aftrd an

presuming that brizwmingh dat baftrad an

provided that bravaydid dat bshrt an

providing that bravaydingh dat bshrt an

given that ghivin dat balnzr a / hacia an

granting that ghrantingh dat hasta ma altslym ban

granted that ghrantid dat hasta ma altslym ban

15. Palabras de elección alhr

Partícula / palabra Pronunciación balarbia Significado

whoever hwwivar ay shjs / mn kan

whomever hwmivar ay shjs yqa alyh Verbo

whatever wativar ay shi / mhma kan

whichever witshivar aya kan

wherever wiyrivar aynma

whenever winivar mta ma / klma

however jauéver kyfma / mhma

Whoever comes can enter.

hwwivar kamz kan intar.

ay shjs yaty ymknh aldjwl.

Whatever you choose is fine.

wativar iu tshwz is fayn.

aya kan ma tjtarh fhw mnasb.

16. trakyb alrbt alqdyma o alrsmia yda

hdhh mwywda fy alinylyzya, lknha lyst shayaa fy alklam aliumi:

alPartícula / palabra Pronunciación balarbia Significado

albeit olbiit a pesar de an

albeit that olbiit dat a pesar de an

albeit when olbiit win a pesar de anh andma

albeit with olbiit widh a pesar de anh ma

insofar as insw far as bqdr ma

inasmuch as in as matsh as nzra lan

insomuch as insamatsh as a / hacia hd an

notwithstanding that notwidhstandingh dat a pesar de an

whereas wiyras fy hyn an

whilst uailst binma

lest lest lyla

save that syv dat pastthna an

provided that bravaydid dat bshrt an

supposing that sabwzingh dat ala aftrad an

17. klmat tbdu k Conjunctions lknha fy alhqyqa ghalba lyst kdhlk

hdhh mhma yda hasta la njlt binha wbin Conjunciones alhqyqya:

Palabra Pronunciación altsnyf alshaya Significado

however jauéver conjunctive adverb wma dhlk

therefore derfor conjunctive adverb ldhlk

moreover morovar conjunctive adverb alawa ala dhlk

furthermore firdharmor conjunctive adverb además de dhlk

nevertheless nivadhardhales conjunctive adverb ma dhlk

nonetheless nandhales conjunctive adverb ma dhlk

consequently kwnsikwintly conjunctive adverb wbaltaly

otherwise aadharwaayz conjunctive adverb wila

instead instid conjunctive adverb en lugar de dhlk

meanwhile minuail conjunctive adverb fy hdhh alathna

thus dhas conjunctive adverb wbaltaly / whkde

hence hins conjunctive adverb wmn thm

Por ejemplo:

I was tired; however, I worked.

ai waz tayrd; jauéver, ai uorkt.

knt mtaba; wma dhlk, amlt.

hna however lyst mthl but mn alnahya alhaciaya.

la nqwl fy hde alastjdam:

❌ I was tired, however I worked.

walsygha altbiaya almayarya:

✅ I was tired, but I worked.

o:

✅ I was tired; however, I worked.

if awnlyIf only -> atmna

If only I played atmna labt

iniuay/iniuaysAnyway/Anyways -> ala kl ahwal

10- hrwf alyr (PREPOSITIONS)

hrwf alyr alasasya

hrf alyr Pronunciación balarbia Significado balarbia Ejemplo kaml Pronunciación balarbia Traducción

about abawt an / alrededor de We talked about the problem. ui tukt abawt de brablim thdthna an almshkla.

above aabav fwq / aala mn The lamp is above the table. de lamb is aabav de téibol almsbah fwq altawla.

across aakrws abr / ala alyanb alajr mn We walked across the street. ui wwkt aakrws de stryt mshina abr alshara.

after aftr bad We met after lunch. ui mit aftr lantsh altqyna bad alghda.

against agénst contra / pegado a The ladder is against the wall. de ladar is agénst de wwl La escalera está apoyada contra la pared.

along aluwngh a lo largo de We walked along the river. ui wwkt aluwngh de rivar Caminamos a lo largo del río.

amid aamid entre / en medio de He stood amid the crowd. ji stud aamid de krawd Él estaba de pie entre la multitud.

among amáng entre / en un grupo She was among friends. shi waz amáng frindz Ella estaba entre amigos.

around aráund alrededor de We sat around the table. ui sat aráund de téibol Nos sentamos alrededor de la mesa.

at at en / junto a I am at school. ai am at skwl Estoy en la escuela.

before bifór antes de Come before noon. kam bifór nwn Ven antes del mediodía.

behind bijaind detrás de The car is behind the house. de kar is bijaind de haws El coche está detrás de la casa.

below bilou debajo de The temperature is below zero. de timbratshar is bilou zyrw La temperatura está bajo cero.

beneath binyth debajo de The keys are beneath the book. de kyz ar binyth de bwk Las llaves están debajo del libro.

beside bisáid junto a Sit beside me. sit bisáid mi Siéntate junto a mí.

besides bisáidz además de Besides English, she speaks Arabic. bisáidz inghlish, shi sbiks arabik Además del inglés, ella habla árabe.

between bituín entre dos / entre The shop is between two buildings. de shwb is bituín tu bildinghz La tienda está entre dos edificios.

beyond biónd más allá de / detrás de The village is beyond the mountain. de viliy is biónd de mawntin El pueblo está detrás de la montaña.

by bai por medio de / junto a / para The book was written by her. de bwk waz ritin bai har El libro fue escrito por ella.

concerning concerning sobre / con respecto a We talked concerning the project. ui tukt concerning de brwyikt Hablamos sobre el proyecto.

despite dispait a pesar de Despite the rain, we went out. dispait de ryn, ui wint aut a pesar de almtr, jryna.

down dawn a / hacia asfl He walked down the hill. ji wwkt dawn de hil msha a / hacia asfl altl.

during diuringh athna / jlal I slept during the flight. ai slibt diuringh de flayt nmt athna alrhla.

except iksbt pastthna Everyone came except John. ivry wan kym iksbt ywn ya alymia pastthna ywn.

for for l / mn ayl / lmda This gift is for you. dhis gift is for iu hdhh alhdya lk.

from fram mn I came from Kuwait. ai kym fram kuwiyt yyt mn alkuit.

in in fy / dajl She is in the room. shi is in de rwm ji fy alghrfa.

inside insayd dajl The keys are inside the bag. de kyz ar insayd de bagh almfatyh dajl alhqyba.

into intu a / hacia dajl He went into the room. ji wint intu de rwm djl a / hacia alghrfa.

like layk mthl He runs like a professional. ji ranz layk aa brwfishanal yrkd mthl mhtrf.

near nyr balqrb mn I live near the school. ai liv nyr de skwl aaysh balqrb mn almdrsa.

of aav l / mn / jas b The door of the house is open. de dur aav de haws is obin bab almnzl mftuh.

off of bayda an / mn ala Take your shoes off the table. tyk iur shwz of de téibol abad hdek an altawla.

on on ala The book is on the table. de bwk is on de téibol El libro está sobre la mesa.

onto ontu a / hacia fwq / a / hacia ala The cat jumped onto the table. de kat yambt ontu de téibol qfzt alqta a / hacia fwq altawla.

opposite obazit mqabl The bank is opposite the hotel. de bank is obazit de hwtil albnk mqabl alfndq.

out aut fuera / hacia fuera He went out the door. ji wint aut de dur jry mn albab.

outside autsayd fuera They are outside the house. dei ar autsayd de haws hm fuera almnzl.

over ovar encima de / a través de The plane flew over the city. de blyn flw ovar de sity tart altayra fwq almdyna.

past past después de / pasando We walked past the school. ui wwkt past de skwl mshina mtyawzyn almdrsa.

regarding rigardingh con respecto a I have a question regarding the plan. ai haf aa kwistshan rigardingh de blan ldy sual bjsws aljta.

round rawnd alrededor de We walked round the park. ui wwkt rawnd de bark mshina alrededor de alhdyqa.

since sins desde I have lived here since 2020. ai haf livd jir sins tu thawzand tuwinty aaysh hna desde 2020.

through zru a través de / por medio de We walked through the tunnel. ui wwkt zru de tanal Caminamos por el túnel.

throughout zruaut durante / por todo It rained throughout the day. it rynd zruaut de day Llovió todo el día.

till til hasta Wait till tomorrow. uit til tumorw Espera hasta mañana.

to tu a / hacia I went to school. ai wint tu skwl Fui a la escuela.

toward tóuard hacia He walked toward me. ji wwkt tóuard mi Caminó hacia mí.

towards tóuardz hacia She ran towards the door. shi ran tóuardz de dur rkdt hacia albab.

under andar debajo de The cat is under the table. de kat is andar de téibol alqta debajo de altawla.

underneath andarnyth debajo de The bag is underneath the chair. de bagh is andarnyth de tshir alhqyba debajo de alkrsy.

unlike aanlayk bjlaf / ala aks Unlike him, I am quiet. aanlayk him, ai am kuaiit bjlafh, ana hady.

until aantil hasta Stay here until Friday. stay jir aantil fraydy abq hna hasta alymaa.

up aab a / hacia aala He walked up the stairs. ji wwkt aab de styrz sad aldry.

upon aabwn ala / and / for Upon arrival, call me. aabwn arayval, kwl mi and alwswl, atsl bi.

via vaya / vya abr / an tryq We traveled via Dubai. ui travald vaya dubai safrna abr dbi.

with widh ma / bwasta I went with my brother. ai wint widh may bradhar dhhbt ma ajy.

within widhin dajl / fy ghdwn Finish it within an hour. finish it widhin aan awr anhih jlal saaa.

without widewt bdun He left without his phone. ji lift widewt hiz fwn ghadr bdun hatfh.

2. hrwf alyr almrkba

hdhh abara an akthr mn klma lknha taml kwhda wahda.

altabir Pronunciación balarbia Significado Ejemplo Pronunciación balarbia Traducción

according to aakwrdingh tu wfqa l According to the report, sales increased. aakwrdingh tu de rybwrt, sylz inkryst wfqa lltqryr, zadt almbiaat.

ahead of aahid aav amam / antes de She arrived ahead of us. shi arayvd aahid aav aas wslt antes dena.

along with aluwngh widh ma / además de He came along with his brother. ji kym aluwngh widh hiz bradhar ya ma ajyh.

apart from aabart fram pastthna / además de Apart from John, everyone agreed. aabart fram ywn, ivry wan aaghrid pastthna ywn, wafq alymia.

as for aaz for ama balnsba a / hacia As for me, I agree. aaz for mi, ai aaghry ama balnsba ly, fana oafq.

as of aaz aav aatbara mn As of Monday, the rule applies. aaz aav manday, de rwl aaplayz aatbara mn alathnyn, tntbq alqavarios.

as to aaz tu bshan / fyma ytalq b There is uncertainty as to the cause. der is aansirtanty aaz tu de kwz hnak adm yqyn bshan alsbb.

because of bikwz aav bsbb We stayed home because of the rain. ui styd hwm bikwz aav de ryn bqyna fy almnzl bsbb almtr.

by means of bai minz aav bwasta / an tryq We solved it by means of a computer. ui swlvd it bai minz aav aa kambiwtr hllnah bwasta haswb.

by way of bai uai aav an tryq / mrwra b We went by way of London. ui wint bai uai aav landan dhhbna an tryq lndn.

close to klws tu qryb mn The school is close to my house. de skwl is klws tu may haws almdrsa qryba mn mnzly.

due to diu tu bsbb The flight was delayed due to fog. de flayt waz dilyd diu tu fwgh tajrt alrhla bsbb aldbab.

except for iksbt for pastthna Everyone came except for Mary. ivry wan kym iksbt for miry ya alymia pastthna mary.

far from far fram bayd an / lys ala alitlaq The answer is far from simple. dhy ansar is far fram simbul aliyaba lyst bsyta ala alitlaq.

in addition to in aadishan tu además de In addition to English, he studies Arabic. in aadishan tu inghlish, ji stadiyz arabik además de alinylyzya, ydrs alarbia.

in case of in kys aav fy hala Call me in case of emergency. kwl mi in kys aav iimiryinsy atsl bi fy hala altwary.

in front of in frant aav amam The car is in front of the house. de kar is in frant aav de haws alsyara amam almnzl.

in place of in blys aav en lugar de Use this in place of sugar. iuz dhis in blys aav shwghar astjdm hde en lugar de alskr.

in spite of in sbait aav a pesar de In spite of the rain, we left. in sbait aav de ryn, ui lift a pesar de almtr, ghadrna.

in terms of in tirmz aav mn hyth / fyma ytalq b In terms of price, it is cheap. in tirmz aav brays, it is tshib mn hyth alsar, inh rjys.

instead of instid aav en lugar de I drank tea instead of coffee. ai drank ty instid aav kwfy shrbt alshay en lugar de alqhwa.

next to nikst tu junto a Sit next to me. sit nikst tu mi Siéntate junto a mí.

on account of on aakawnt aav bsbb The match was canceled on account of rain. de matsh waz kansald on aakawnt aav ryn aulghyt almbaraa bsbb almtr.

on behalf of on bihaf aav nyaba an I spoke on behalf of the team. ai sbwk on bihaf aav de tym thdtht nyaba an alfryq.

on top of on tub aav fwq / además de The keys are on top of the box. de kyz ar on tub aav de bwks almfatyh fwq alsnduq.

out of aut aav fuera / mn He walked out of the room. ji wwkt aut aav de rwm jry mn alghrfa.

owing to owingh tu bsbb The event was canceled owing to rain. dhy ivint waz kansald owingh tu ryn aulghy alhdth bsbb almtr.

prior to braiur tu antes de Prior to the meeting, we prepared. braiur tu de mitingh, ui brybird antes de alaytmaa, astaddna.

regardless of rigardles aav bghd alnzr an We will continue regardless of the cost. ui uil kantiniu rigardles aav de kwst snstmr bghd alnzr an altklfa.

thanks to thanks tu bfdl Thanks to you, we succeeded. thanks tu iu, ui saksydid bfdlk nyhna.

together with tagidhar widh ma / a / hacia yanb She came together with her friends. shi kym tagidhar widh har frindz yat ma asdqayha.

up to aab tu hasta / a / hacia Up to ten people can enter. aab tu tin bibul kan intar ymkn lma ysl a / hacia ashra ashjas aldjwl.

with regard to widh rigard tu fyma ytalq b With regard to your question, I agree. widh rigard tu iur kwistshan, ai aaghry fyma ytalq bsualk, oafq.

with respect to widh risbikt tu fyma ytalq b With respect to this issue, we disagree. widh risbikt tu dhis ishw, ui disaghry fyma ytalq bhdhh almsala, njtlf.

3. tabirat idafya taml khrwf yr

altabir Pronunciación balarbia Significado

by virtue of bai virtshw aav bfdl / bhkm

by dint of bai dint aav bfdl / ntyya l

by reason of bai ryzan aav bsbb

by courtesy of bai kirtasy aav bfdl / an tryq

by order of bai ordar aav bamr mn

by reference to bai rifarans tu balrywa a / hacia

by means of bai minz aav bwasta

by way of bai uai aav an tryq

in accordance with in aakwrdans widh wfqa l

in comparison with in kambarisan widh balmqarna ma

in connection with in kanikshan widh fyma ytalq b

in contrast to in kwntrast tu ala alnqyd mn

in exchange for in ikschyny for mqabl

in favor of in fyvar aav lsalh

in lieu of in liu aav en lugar de

in relation to in rilyshn tu balnsba a / hacia

in response to in risbwns tu rda ala

in search of in sirtsh aav bhtha an

in view of in viu aav nzra a / hacia

on the basis of on de bisis aav ala asas

on the grounds of on de ghrawndz aav ala asas / bsbb

with a view to widh aa viu tu bhdf

with the exception of widh dhy iksbshan aav pastthna

with the help of widh de hilb aav bmsavarios

with reference to widh rifarans tu balishara a / hacia / fyma ytalq b

4. hrwf alyr alqdyma o alnadra o alrsmia

bad alklmat altalya tzhr akthr fy alinylyzya alqdyma, alqanwnya, aladbia o alrsmia:

Palabra Pronunciación balarbia Significado

abaft aabaft detrás de / a / hacia mujra

alongside aluwnghsayd junto a

amidst aamidst wst

amongst amángst bin

astride astrayd fwq / mmttya

athwart aathwwrt abr / bshkl ardy

atop aatub fwq

barring baringh pastthna / ma lm

circa sirkaa hwaly

cum kam ma / bwsfh

ere iyr antes de

notwithstanding notwidhstandingh a pesar de / bala pesar de mn

per bir lkl / bwasta

save syv pastthna

vis-à-vis vy-a-vy mqabl / fyma ytalq b

worth uerth bqyma / ysthq

Ejemplo:

Notwithstanding the difficulties, we continued.

notwidhstandingh de difikaltyz, ui kantiniud.

a pesar de alsawbat, waslna.

5. hrwf alyr alty tabr an almkan

ymkn tnzym ahmha bhdhh altryqa:

alalaqa hrwf alyr

dajl in, inside, within

a / hacia aldajl into

fuera out, outside

ala sth on

a / hacia sth onto

fwq above, over, atop, on top of

debajo de under, below, beneath, underneath

amam in front of, before

detrás de behind

junto a beside, by, next to, alongside

bin athnyn between

bin mymwaa among, amongst

qryb mn near, close to

mqabl opposite, across from

alrededor de around, round

abr across, through

a lo largo de along

batyah toward, towards

bayda an away from, off

bad tyawz past, beyond

6. hrwf alyr llwqt

alalaqa Tiempo verbalya hrwf alyr Ejemplo

nqta zmnya mhdda at at 5 o'clock

ium/taryj on on Monday

shhr/sna/ftra in in 2026

antes de before, prior to, ahead of before lunch

bad after, following after work

athna during during the meeting

desde since since Monday

lmda for for two hours

hasta until, till until Friday

mn wqt a / hacia wqt from … to from Monday to Friday

twal throughout throughout the year

bhlwl by by Friday

antes de mwad mhdd by by 6 p.m.

fy ghdwn within within two hours

hwaly around, about around noon

fy wqt qryb mn near near midnight

7. hrwf alyr llsbb walhdf

hrf alyr/altabir Pronunciación Significado

because of bikwz aav bsbb

due to diu tu bsbb

owing to owingh tu bsbb

on account of on aakawnt aav bsbb

as a result of aaz aa rizalt aav ntyya l

thanks to thanks tu bfdl

for for mn ayl

for the sake of for de syk aav mn ayl / fy sbil

with a view to widh aa viu tu bhdf

in order to in ordar tu mn ayl an*

* in order to aada ytbaha fal, wldhlk ji aqrb a / hacia tabir ghrd mn kwnha hrf yr tqlydya.

8. nqta mhma yda: hrf alyr + made?

alqavarios alasasya:

Preposition + noun / pronoun / V-ing

brypazishan + nawn / brwnawn / vy-iingh

ay:

hrf yr + asm / dmir / fal mntji b -ing

ma Sustantivo

I am in the house.

ai am in de haws.

ana fy almnzl.

ma Pronombre

This gift is for him.

dhis gift is for him.

hdhh alhdya lh.

lahz:

for him ✅

for he ❌

lan Pronombre bad hrf alyr ykwn fy hala almfawl.

ma V-ing

She is good at cooking.

shi is gwd at kwkingh.

ji yyda fy altbj.

He left without saying goodbye.

ji lift widewt sayingh gwdbai.

ghadr dun an yqwl wdaaa.

9. alfrq bin ahm asway hrwf alyr

alhrf Significado alasasy Ejemplo

in dajl in the room

into hrka a / hacia aldajl go into the room

on ala sth on the table

onto hrka a / hacia alsth jump onto the table

at nqta/mkan mhdd at the station

to atyah a / hacia go to school

by junto a / bwasta / antes de mwad by the door / by car / by Friday

with ma / pastjdam with him / with a knife

from mn from London

of alaqa/mlkya the door of the house

for mn ayl / lsalh / mda for you / for two hours

since desde nqta bdaya since Monday

during athna ftra during the meeting

until hasta nhaya zmn until Friday

between bin athnyn between John and Mary

among bin mymwaa among friends

above aala mn above the table

over fwq/abr over the bridge

below asfl mn below the line

under debajo de under the table

beside junto a beside me

besides además de besides English

because of/cause of bsbb because of rain

despite a pesar de despite the rain

in spite of a pesar de in spite of the rain

aabwrd -> ala mtnaboard

11- Determinanteat (DETERMINERS)

Determinanteat alasasya

Determinante Pronunciación balarbia Significado balarbia Ejemplo kaml Pronunciación balarbia Traducción

a aa wahd / / ghyr mhdd I saw a dog. ai sw aa dugh rayt klba.

an aan wahd / / ghyr mhdd She ate an apple. shi iyt aan aabul aklt tfaha.

the dha / dhy al / alshi almarwf I saw the dog. ai sw dha dugh rayt alklb.

this dhis hde / hdhh This book is useful. dhis bwk is yuwsful este libro mfyd.

that dat dhlk / tlk That car is expensive. dat kar is iksbinsiv tlk alsyara ghalya.

these dhyz hula / hdhh alashia These books are new. dhyz bwks ar niu hdhh alktb ydyda.

those duz olyk / tlk alashia Those houses are old. duz hawsiz ar old tlk almnazl qdyma.

2. mhddat almlkya

taty antes de Sustantivo ltbin sahb alshi.

Determinante Pronunciación balarbia Significado Ejemplo

my may y / jasty My book is here.

your iur k / km Your car is outside.

his hiz h His house is big.

her har ha Her bag is black.

its its h/ha lghyr alaaql The dog moved its tail.

our awr na Our teacher is kind.

their der hm Their house is beautiful.

mhm

my book = libroy

your car = syartk

his phone = hatfh

her bag = hqybtha

our house = mnzlna

their children = atfalhm

lkn:

mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs lyst mhddat andma taty whdha; bl ji dmayr mlkya mstqla:

This book is mine.

dhis bwk is mayn.

este libro ly.

3. mhddat alishara

Determinante Pronunciación Número almsafa Ejemplo

this dhis mfrd qryb this book

that dat mfrd bayd that book

these dhyz yma qryb these books

those duz yma bayd those books

qavarios

this + singular noun

this book

dhis bwk

este libro

these + plural noun

these books

dhyz bwks

hdhh alktb

that + singular noun

that car

dat kar

tlk alsyara

those + plural noun

those cars

duz karz

tlk alsyarat

4. mhddat alkmia

hdhh thdd kmia Sustantivo.

Determinante Pronunciación balarbia Significado Ejemplo

some sam bad I bought some books.

any iiny ay / bad Do you have any questions?

no nw la / la iuyd I have no money.

much matsh kthyr mn I don't have much time.

many miny kthyr mn She has many books.

little litul qlyl mn I have little time.

a little aa litul qlyl mn I have a little time.

few fiu qlyl mn Few people came.

a few aa fiu bdaa / bad I have a few questions.

enough inaf ma ykfy mn We have enough food.

more mor almzyd mn I need more water.

less les kmia aql mn I need less sugar.

fewer fiuar add aql mn We need fewer chairs.

all ol kl / ymia All students passed.

both bwth kla / alathnan Both students passed.

half haf nsf Half the class left.

most mwst mazm Most people agreed.

enough inaf kaf mn We have enough money.

5. mhddat alaadad

alaadad ymkn an taml kmhddat andma taty mbashra antes de Sustantivo.

alaadad alaslya

Número Pronunciación balarbia Ejemplo

one wan one book

two tu two books

three thry three books

four for four books

five fayf five books

six siks six books

seven sivin seven books

eight iyt eight books

nine nayn nine books

ten tin ten books

hundred handrad a hundred books

thousand thawzand a thousand books

million milyan a million people

billion bilyan a billion dollars

whkde ymkn an tmtd alaadad a / hacia aadad ghyr mhduda.

6. Determinanteat altuzyaya

tuza alashia ala afrad almymwaa.

Determinante Pronunciación Significado Ejemplo

each iytsh kl wahd mn Each student has a book.

every ivry kl Every student passed.

either iydhar / aidhar ay wahd mn alathnyn Either answer is acceptable.

neither nydhar / naydhar la wahd mn alathnyn Neither answer is correct.

alfrq

each

Each student received a book.

iytsh stiudant risyvd aa bwk.

tlqa kl talb libroa.

yrkz ala alafrad wahda wahda.

every

Every student received a book.

ivry stiudant risyvd aa bwk.

tlqa kl talb libroa.

yrkz ala almymwaa kkl.

7. Determinanteat alastfhamia

tstjdm llsual an Sustantivo.

Determinante Pronunciación Significado Ejemplo

what wat ay / ma What book do you want?

which witsh ay Which book do you want?

whose hwz liman / mlk man Whose book is this?

what kind of wat kaynd aav ay nwa mn What kind of car do you want?

which kind of witsh kaynd aav ay nwa mn Which kind of food do you prefer?

Ejemplo

Which book do you want?

witsh bwk du iu want?

ay libro trid?

Whose car is this?

hwz kar is dhis?

syara mn hdhh?

8. Determinanteat alnkra

hdhh tabr an shjs o shi ghyr mhdd.

Determinante Pronunciación Significado

a aa wahd / shi ghyr mhdd

an aan wahd / shi ghyr mhdd

some sam bad

any iiny ay / bad

no nw la / la iuyd

another aanadhar ajr / wahd ajr

other aadhar ajr / ajra

such satsh mthl hde / mthl dhlk

9. another w other

hdhh mhma yda.

another

another + singular countable noun

I need another book.

ai nyd aanadhar bwk.

ahtay a / hacia libro ajr.

other

other + plural noun

I need other books.

ai nyd aadhar bwks.

ahtay a / hacia ktb ajra.

the other

The other book is mine.

dhy aadhar bwk is mayn.

allibro alajr ly.

the other + plural

The other books are mine.

dhy aadhar bwks ar mayn.

alktb alajra ly.

10. mhddat altakyd waltshabh

such

such + a/an + adjective + singular noun

She is such a nice person.

shi is satsh aa nays birsan.

inha shjs ltyf yda / inha shjs ltyf a / hacia hde alhd.

ma alyma:

such people

satsh bibul

mthl hula alnas.

wma alasma ghyr almaduda:

such good advice

satsh gwd aadfays

mthl hdhh alnsyha alyyda.

11. mhddat alkmia alkbira o alshamla

Determinante Pronunciación Significado Ejemplo

all ol kl / ymia all students

both bwth kla both books

each iytsh kl wahd each student

every ivry kl every student

either iydhar ay wahd mn athnyn either book

neither nydhar la wahd mn athnyn neither book

enough inaf ma ykfy enough food

much matsh kmia kbira mn much water

many miny add kbir mn many books

most mwst mazm most people

more mor almzyd more time

less les kmia aql less water

fewer fiuar add aql fewer people

half haf nsf half the money

plenty of blinty aav alkthyr mn plenty of food

a lot of aa lwt aav alkthyr mn a lot of people

lots of lwts aav alkthyr mn lots of books

12. tabirat kmia taml kmhddat

hnak tabirat kthyra yda ymknha thdyd Sustantivo:

altabir Pronunciación balarbia Significado

a lot of aa lwt aav alkthyr mn

lots of lwts aav alkthyr mn

plenty of blinty aav alkthyr / wfra mn

a number of aa nambar aav add mn

a great number of aa ghryt nambar aav add kbir mn

a large number of aa lary nambar aav add kbir mn

a small number of aa smwl nambar aav add qlyl mn

a great deal of aa ghryt dyl aav qdr kbir mn

a large amount of aa lary aamawnt aav kmia kbira mn

a small amount of aa smwl aamawnt aav kmia sghyra mn

a majority of aa maywrity aav aghlbia

a minority of aa maynority aav aqlya

a pair of aa bir aav zwy mn

a couple of aa kabul aav athnan / bdaa

a range of aa ryny aav mymwaa / ntaq mn

a variety of aa varayaty aav mymwaa mtnwaa mn

a series of aa syryz aav slsla mn

a set of aa sit aav mymwaa mn

a group of aa ghrwb aav mymwaa mn

a number of aa nambar aav add mn

Ejemplo:

A lot of students study English.

aa lwt aav stiudants stady inghlish.

kthyr mn altlab ydrswn alinylyzya.

13. mhddat alayza walkswr

altabir Pronunciación Significado

half haf nsf

a half aa haf nsf

quarter kwwrtar rba

a quarter aa kwwrtar rba

third third thlth

a third aa third thlth

two-thirds tu thirdz althlthan

three-quarters thry kwwrtarz thlatha arbaa

part of bart aav yz mn

most of mwst aav mazm

some of sam aav bad

all of ol aav kl / ymia

none of nan aav la shi mn / la ahd mn

amthla:

Half the students left.

haf de stiudants lift.

ghadr nsf altlab.

Most of the students passed.

mwst aav de stiudants past.

nyh mazm altlab.

14. none w neither

none

tstjdm ma mymwaa akbr mn athnyn:

None of the students came.

nan aav de stiudants kym.

lm yati ay mn altlab.

neither

tstjdm ma athnyn:

Neither student came.

nydhar stiudant kym.

lm yati ay mn altalbin.

either

ay wahd mn athnyn:

Either student can help you.

iydhar stiudant kan hilb iu.

ymkn lay mn altalbin msaadtk.

15. mhddat Negación

Determinante Pronunciación Significado Ejemplo

no nw la / la iuyd no money

neither nydhar la wahd mn alathnyn neither student

no other nw aadhar la shi/shjs ajr no other option

not a not aa lys ay not a single person

not any not iiny lys ay not any books

Ejemplo:

No student was absent.

nw stiudant waz absint.

lm ykn ay talb ghayba.

16. mhddat mfyda lknha lyst dayma mhddat jalsa

bad alklmat ymkn an taml kmhddat bhsb mwqaha wastamalha.

Palabra Pronunciación andma tkwn mhdda

certain sirtan certain people = ashjas maynwn

certain sirtan a certain person = shjs mayn

particular bartikiular a particular reason = sbb mayn

specific sbisifik a specific case = hala mhdda

given guiven given circumstances = alzrwf almataa

same sym the same person = nfs alshjs

next nikst next week = alasbwa alqadm

last last last year = alsna almadya

previous bryvyas previous examples = alamthla alsabqa

following fwlwwingh the following day = alium altaly

certain sirtan certain circumstances = zrwf mayna

various vyriyas various reasons = asbab diferentea

numerous niumaras numerous examples = amthla adyda

countless kaawntles countless possibilities = ahtmalat innumerablea

different difrant different ideas = afkar diferentea

same sym the same answer = nfs aliyaba

17. klmat mthl next w last

hdhh mhma lan manaha ytghyr hsb wywd the.

next week

I will travel next week.

ai uil travul nikst uik.

sasafr alasbwa alqadm.

the next week

tany alasbwa altaly balnsba a / hacia wqt o hdth mhdd.

The next week was very busy.

de nikst uik waz viry bizy.

kan alasbwa altaly mshghwla yda.

nfs alfkra ma:

last year = alaam almady

the last year = alsna alajyra / ajr sna

18. Determinanteat almrkba dat Significado altuzyay

altabir Pronunciación Significado

each and every iytsh and ivry kl wahd wkl

every single ivry singhul kl wahd ala hda

each individual iytsh indiviyuwal kl frd

any given iiny guiven ay mayn / mftrd

a certain aa sirtan shjs/shi mayn

one particular wan bartikiular wahd mayn

the whole de hwl kaml / bakmlh

the entire dhy intayr kaml

the total de tutal aliymaly / alkaml

amthla:

Every single student passed.

ivry singhul stiudant past.

nyh kl talb dun astthna.

The entire class left.

dhy intayr klas lift.

ghadr alsf bakmlh.

19. whole w entire

klahma yany tqryba kaml / bakmlh.

the whole + noun

I read the whole book.

ai red de hwl bwk.

qrat allibro kamla.

the entire + noun

I read the entire book.

ai red dhy intayr bwk.

qrat allibro bakmlh.

20. mhddat jasa balmlkya walthdyd

hnak ayda trakyb mthl:

altabir Pronunciación Significado

John's ywnz aljas bywn

Mary's miryz aljas bmary

the man's de manz aljas balryl

the students' de stiudants aljas baltlab

Ejemplo:

John's car is new.

ywnz kar is niu.

syara ywn ydyda.

hna John's yaml kmhdd mlkya.

21. trtyb Determinanteat

la ymkn aada wda kl Determinanteat ashwayya.

Por ejemplo:

the three old books

dha thry old bwks

alktb althlatha alqdyma.

wlys:

❌ three the books

trtyb shaya

Determinante alasasy + Número/alkmia + Adjetivo + Sustantivo

Ejemplo:

the two beautiful houses

dha tu biwtiful hawsiz

almnzlan alymilan.

22. hl Se puede usar mhddyn maa?

ahyana nam, lkn lys kl mhddyn.

❌ a the book

la nqwl:

❌ a the book

❌ this my book

fy alinylyzya alqyasya la nqwl aada:

❌ this my book

bl:

this book of mine

dhis bwk aav mayn

este libro ly.

lkn tuyd trakyb mthl:

all my books

ol may bwks

kl ktbi.

hna:

all + my + books

w:

both my parents

bwth may birants

kla waldy.

w:

half the money

haf de many

nsf almal.

23. Determinantes con sustantivos contables e incontables

Sustantivo contable singular

Se puede usar:

a/an, the, this, that, my, each, every, either, neither, another

Por ejemplo:

a book

aa bwk

libro

this book

dhis bwk

este libro

every book

ivry bwk

cada libro

Sustantivo contable plural

Se puede usar:

the, these, those, my, some, any, many, few, several, both, all, most, more, fewer

Ejemplo:

many books

miny bwks

muchos libros.

Sustantivo incontable

Se puede usar:

the, this, that, my, some, any, much, little, a little, enough, more, less, all, most

Ejemplo:

much water

matsh wwtr

una gran cantidad de agua.

24. several

several mn Determinanteat almhma.

Several students came.

sivral stiudants kym.

Vinieron varios estudiantes.

Significado aproximado:

varios / más de dos, pero no demasiados.

25. certain / various / numerous

Palabra Pronunciación Significado Ejemplo

certain sirtan algunos / determinado certain people

various vyriyas diferente / variado various reasons

numerous niumaras mucho / numerosos numerous examples

countless kaawntles innumerable countless opportunities

several sivral varios several books

different difrant diferente different ideas

12- Oraciones Condicional (IF CONDITIONAL)

Tipo balarbia Fórmula en árabe Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Tiempo verbal/Significado

Condicional alsfry If + Presente simple, Presente simple if + brizint, brizint hqyqa aama / aada

Condicional alol If + Presente simple, will + Verbo alasasy V1 if + brizint, uil + vy wan ahtmal mstantes dey

Condicional althany If + Pasado simple, would + Verbo alasasy V1 if + past, wud + vy wan aftrad fy alhadr/almstantes de

Condicional althalth If + Pasado perfecto, would have + Tercera forma del verbo V3 if + past birfikt, wud haf + vy thry mad aftrady / shi lm yhdth

Condicional almjtlt alol If + Pasado perfecto, would + Verbo alasasy V1 if + past birfikt, wud + vy wan almady → alhadr

Condicional almjtlt althany If + Pasado simple, would have + Tercera forma del verbo V3 if + past, wud haf + vy thry alhadr → almady

Tipo Formación ntq Fórmula en árabe Ejemplo Pronunciación del ejemplo en letras árabes Significado balarbia

Would Simple would + V1 wud + vy wan I would eat. ai wud iyt kntu sakl / sakl lw...

Would Continuous would be + V-ing wud bi + vy-iingh I would be eating. ai wud bi iytingh kntu sakwn akla / sakwn akla lw...

Would Perfect would have + V3 wud haf + vy thry I would have eaten. ai wud haf iytin lkntu qd aklt / kntu sakwn qd aklt

Would Perfect Continuous would have been + V-ing wud haf biyn + vy-iingh I would have been eating. ai wud haf biyn iytingh lkntu akwn qd zlltu akl / kntu sakwn qd knt akl

ma ymia Pronombres

Pronombre Would + V1 Would be + V-ing Would have + V3 Would have been + V-ing

I I would eat. I would be eating. I would have eaten. I would have been eating.

You You would eat. You would be eating. You would have eaten. You would have been eating.

He He would eat. He would be eating. He would have eaten. He would have been eating.

She She would eat. She would be eating. She would have eaten. She would have been eating.

It It would eat. It would be eating. It would have eaten. It would have been eating.

We We would eat. We would be eating. We would have eaten. We would have been eating.

They They would eat. They would be eating. They would have eaten. They would have been eating.

ymia sygh Would Negative – Active

Tipo Fórmula en árabe ntq Fórmula en árabe Ejemplo Pronunciación del ejemplo en letras árabes Significado balarbia

almdara/albsyt alaftrady would not + Verbo alasasy V1 wud nat + vy wan I would not eat. ai wud nat iyt ln akl / ma kntu sakl

almstmr alaftrady would not be + Verbo ma -ing V-ing wud nat bi + vy-iingh I would not be eating. ai wud nat bi iytingh ln akwn akla

altam alaftrady would not have + Tercera forma del verbo V3 wud nat haf + vy thry I would not have eaten. ai wud nat haf iytin lm akn lakwn qd aklt

altam almstmr alaftrady would not have been + Verbo ma -ing V-ing wud nat haf biyn + vy-iingh I would not have been eating. ai wud nat haf biyn iytingh lm akn lakwn qd zllt akl

ymia Pronombres

Pronombre Would not + V1 Would not be + V-ing Would not have + V3 Would not have been + V-ing

I I would not eat. I would not be eating. I would not have eaten. I would not have been eating.

You You would not eat. You would not be eating. You would not have eaten. You would not have been eating.

He He would not eat. He would not be eating. He would not have eaten. He would not have been eating.

She She would not eat. She would not be eating. She would not have eaten. She would not have been eating.

It It would not eat. It would not be eating. It would not have eaten. It would not have been eating.

We We would not eat. We would not be eating. We would not have eaten. We would not have been eating.

They They would not eat. They would not be eating. They would not have eaten. They would not have been eating.

alajtsar

alkaml almjtsr Pronunciación balarbia

would not + V1 wouldn't + V1 wudant + vy wan

would not be + V-ing wouldn't be + V-ing wudant bi + vy-iingh

would not have + V3 wouldn't have + V3 wudant haf + vy thry

would not have been + V-ing wouldn't have been + V-ing wudant haf biyn + vy-iingh

ymia sygh Would Passive

Tipo Fórmula en árabe ntq Fórmula en árabe Ejemplo Pronunciación del ejemplo en letras árabes Significado balarbia

albsyt would be + Tercera forma del verbo V3 wud bi + vy thry The book would be read. dha buk wud bi rid kan mn almmkn an yuqra allibro / syuqra allibro aftradya

almstmr would be being + Tercera forma del verbo V3 wud bi biyngh + vy thry The book would be being read. dha buk wud bi biyngh rid kan mn almmkn an ykwn allibro qyd alqraa

altam would have been + Tercera forma del verbo V3 wud haf biyn + vy thry The book would have been read. dha buk wud haf biyn rid lkan allibro qd qury

altam almstmr would have been being + Tercera forma del verbo V3 wud haf biyn biyngh + vy thry The book would have been being read. dha buk wud haf biyn biyngh rid lkan allibro qd zl qyd alqraa

ma ymia Pronombres

Pronombre Would Passive Simple Would Passive Continuous Would Passive Perfect Would Passive Perfect Continuous

I I would be seen. I would be being seen. I would have been seen. I would have been being seen.

You You would be seen. You would be being seen. You would have been seen. You would have been being seen.

He He would be seen. He would be being seen. He would have been seen. He would have been being seen.

She She would be seen. She would be being seen. She would have been seen. She would have been being seen.

It It would be seen. It would be being seen. It would have been seen. It would have been being seen.

We We would be seen. We would be being seen. We would have been seen. We would have been being seen.

They They would be seen. They would be being seen. They would have been seen. They would have been being seen.

Negación — Would Passive Negative

Tipo Fórmula en árabe Ejemplo Pronunciación del ejemplo en letras árabes Significado balarbia

albsyt would not be + V3 The book would not be read. dha buk wud nat bi rid ln yuqra allibro / ma kan lyuqra

almstmr would not be being + V3 The book would not be being read. dha buk wud nat bi biyngh rid ln ykwn allibro qyd alqraa

altam would not have been + V3 The book would not have been read. dha buk wud nat haf biyn rid lma kan allibro qd qury

altam almstmr would not have been being + V3 The book would not have been being read. dha buk wud nat haf biyn biyngh rid lma kan allibro qd zl qyd alqraa

. alklmat alasasya llshrt

Palabra / altabir ntq alinylyzya balarbia Significado balarbia alastjdam

if if ide / in Partícula / palabra Condicional alasasya

if not if nat ide lm / in lm nfy Condicional

unless aanles ma lm / ila ide tany tqryba if ... not

when win andma / ide llshrt almtuqa o almtkrr

whenever winivar klma / mta ma shrt mtkrr

even if iyvin if hasta lw Condicional la yghyr alntyya

only if only if fqt ide shrt drwry

if and only if if and only if ide wfqt ide shrt lazm wkaf

as long as aaz lwngh aaz talma / bshrt an shrt

so long as sw lwngh aaz talma / bshrt an mthl as long as

provided that bravaydid dat bshrt an shrt rsmi

providing that bravaydingh dat bshrt an shrt

on condition that on kandishan dat bshrt an shrt rsmi

in case in kys fy hal / thsba lan ahtyat, wlys dayma msauia l if

in the event that in dhy ivint dat fy hal an rsmi

assuming that aaswmingh dat baftrad an aftrad

supposing that sabwwzingh dat baftrad an aftrad

suppose sabwwz aftrd an / made lw tqdym aftrady

what if wat if made lw sual an ahtmal

if only if only lyt / lw fqt tmn o ndm

even though iyvin du a pesar de an lyst Partícula / palabra shrt; lltbain

whether uíder swa ahtmalan / jyaran

when wn lama

only when awnly wn fqt lw

13- almqarna waltfdyl (COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE)

mqarna qsyra Adjetivo + -er + than adyéctiv + iir + den taller than tular den

tfdyl qsyr the + Adjetivo + -est dha + adyéctiv + iist the tallest dha tulest

mqarna tuila more + Adjetivo + than mor + adyéctiv + den more beautiful than mor biwtiful den

tfdyl tuil the most + Adjetivo dha mwst + adyéctiv the most beautiful dha mwst biwtiful

mqarna balnqs less + Adjetivo + than les + adyéctiv + den less expensive than les iksbinsiv den

tfdyl balnqs the least + Adjetivo dha lyst + adyéctiv the least expensive dha lyst iksbinsiv

msawaa as + Adjetivo + as aaz + adyéctiv + aaz as tall as aaz tul aaz

adm msawaa not as + Adjetivo + as nat aaz + adyéctiv + aaz not as tall as nat aaz tul aaz

msawaa Adjetivo + as aaz + adyéctiv tall as aaz tul

adm msawaa not + Adjetivo + as nat + adyéctiv + aaz not tall as nat tul aaz

mqarna quia much/far/a lot + sygha almqarna matsh/far/aa lwt + kambarativ much better matsh bitar

mqarna bsyta a little/slightly + sygha almqarna aa litul/slaytly + kambarativ slightly better slaytly bitar

tzayd tdryyy sygha almqarna + and + sygha almqarna kambarativ + and + kambarativ bigger and bigger bighar and bighar

mqarna mzduya the + sygha almqarna, the + sygha almqarna dha + kambarativ, dha + kambarativ the more, the better dha mor, dha bitar

alafdl dmn mymwaa the + sygha altfdyl + in/of dha + swbarlativ + in/aav the best in the class dha bist in dha klas

wahd mn alafdl one of the + sygha altfdyl + asm yma wan aav dha + swbarlativ + blwral nawn one of the best students wan aav dha bist studants

tfdyl qui by far + the + sygha altfdyl bai far + dha swbarlativ by far the best bai far dha bist

mqarna alafaal Verbo + more/less verb + mor/les work more uork mor

mqarna alasma almaduda more/fewer + asm yma mor/fiuar + blwral nawn more books / fewer books mor buks / fiuar buks

mqarna alasma ghyr almaduda more/less + Sustantivo incontable mor/les + aankawntabul nawn more water / less water mor wwtr / les wwtr

mqarna alkmia more/less + asm mor/les + nawn more money mor many

mqarna Número more/fewer + asm yma mor/fiuar + blwral nawn more people mor bibul

daf alkmia twice as much as tuais aaz matsh aaz twice as much money tuais aaz matsh many

daf Número twice as many as tuais aaz miny aaz twice as many books tuais aaz miny buks

I am as tall as him ay am as tal as him ana tuil khw

mta nstjdm -er wmta nstjdm more?

hdhh nqta mhma yda.

alhala nstjdm Ejemplo Pronunciación Significado

sfa qsyra, ghalba mqta swty wahd -er taller tular atwl

sfa qsyra, ghalba mqta wahd -er smaller smwlar asghr

sfa mntjia b -y -er ma tghyyr y → i happier habiar asad

sfa mntjia b -e -r larger laryar akbr

sfa tuila, ghalba mqtayn o akthr more more beautiful mor biwtiful akthr ymala

sfa tuila more more expensive mor iksbinsiv aghla

sfa tuila more more interesting mor ínteresting akthr ithara llahtmam

15- Oraciones alwsl (RELATIVE CLAUSES)

Tipo balarbia aduat/tkuin shaya balarbia ntq Formación alshaya balarbia Ejemplo Pronunciación del ejemplo en letras árabes Traducción al árabe

Oracionesa sla mhdda who / whom / whose / which / that / where / when / why hw / hwm / hwz / witsh / dat / wiyr / win / uai The man who lives here is my teacher. dha man hw livs jir is may tytshar alryl aldhy yaysh hna hw malmi.

Oracionesa sla ghyr mhdda who / whom / whose / which / where / when hw / hwm / hwz / witsh / wiyr / win My brother, who lives in London, is a doctor. may bráder, hw livs in landan, is aa duktar ajy, aldhy yaysh fy lndn, tbib.

Oracionesa sla llfaal who/which/that + Verbo hw / witsh / dat + dha firb The woman who works here is friendly. dha wuman hw uorks jir is frindly almraa alty taml hna wduda.

Oracionesa sla llmfawl who/whom/which/that + Sujeto + verbo hw / hwm / witsh / dat + dha sábyect + dha firb The man whom I met was kind. dha man hwm ai mit waz kaynd alryl aldhy qablth kan ltyfa.

Oracionesa sla mhdufa alPartícula / palabra Sustantivo + Sujeto + verbo dha nawn + dha sábyect + dha firb The book I bought is interesting. dha buk ai bwt is ínteresting allibro aldhy ashtryth mmta.

Oracionesa sla llmlkya whose + Sustantivo hwz + dha nawn The girl whose father is a doctor is my friend. dha ghirl hwz fadhar is aa duktar is may frind alftaa alty waldha tbib ji sdyqty.

Oracionesa sla llmkan where + Oración wiyr + dha cláus This is the house where I grew up. dhis is dha haws wiyr ai ghrw aab hde hw almnzl aldhy nshat fyh.

Oracionesa sla llzman when + Oración win + dha cláus I remember the day when we met. ai rimimbr dha day win ui mit atdhkr alium aldhy altqyna fyh.

Oracionesa sla llsbb why + Oración uai + dha cláus I know the reason why he left. ai nw dha ryzan uai ji lift aarf alsbb aldhy yalh yghadr.

Oracionesa sla ma hrf yr hrf alyr + whom/which dha bribazishan + hwm / witsh The person to whom I spoke was helpful. dha birsan tu hwm ai sbwk waz hilbful alshjs aldhy thdtht ilyh kan mtaawna.

Oracionesa sla mjtsra V-ing Sustantivo + V-ing dha nawn + vy iingh The man standing there is my brother. dha man standingh der is may bráder alryl alwaqf hnak hw ajy.

Oracionesa sla mjtsra V3 Sustantivo + V3 dha nawn + vy thry The documents signed yesterday are important. dha dukiumints saynd yistrday ar imbwrtant alwthayq almwqaa ams mhma.

Oracionesa sla bInfinitivo Sustantivo + to + V1 dha nawn + tu + vy wan She was the first person to arrive. shi waz dha first birsan tu aarayv kant ol shjs ysl.

Oracionesa sla mrkba whoever / whatever / whichever / wherever / whenever / however hwivar / wutivar / witshivar / wiyrivar / winivar / jauéver Take whatever you want. tyk wutivar iu want jdh ay shi tridh.

Oracionesa sla tshir a / hacia Oracionesa kamla , which + Oración witsh + dha cláus He missed the bus, which made him late. ji mist dha bas, witsh mid him lyt lqd fath albas, whde yalh mtajra.

Oracionesa sla asmia what / whatever / whoever / whichever wut / wutivar / hwivar / witshivar I know what you mean. ai nw wut iu min aarf ma tanyh.

Oracionesa sla mtdajla Oracionesa sla dajl Oracionesa sla rilativ cláus iinsayd rilativ cláus The man who lives in the house that I bought is my neighbor. dha man hw livs in dha haws dat ai bwt is may nybr alryl aldhy yaysh fy almnzl aldhy ashtryth hw yary.

16- Estilo indirecto walklam almbashr (REPORTED SPEECH AND DIRECT SPEECH)

Tipo balarbia Formación alshaya ntq Fórmula en árabe Ejemplo almbashr Estilo indirecto Traducción

Oracionesa jbrya mthbta said (that) + Oración sid (dat) + dha cláus He said, “I am tired.” He said (that) he was tired. qal inh kan mtaba.

Oracionesa jbrya mnfya said (that) + Sujeto + not + Verbo sid (dat) + dha sábyect + nat + dha firb He said, “I am not tired.” He said that he was not tired. qal inh lm ykn mtaba.

Pregunta de sí/no asked if/whether + Oración askt if/uíder + dha cláus He asked, “Are you ready?” He asked if I was ready. salny in knt mstada.

sual bPartícula / palabra astfham asked + Partícula / palabra alastfham + Oración askt + kwistshan uerd + dha cláus He asked, “Where do you live?” He asked where I lived. salny ayn aaysh.

amr mthbt told + almfawl + to + V1 tuld + dha aubyikt + tu + vy wan He said, “Open the door.” He told me to open the door. tlb mny an afth albab.

amr mnfy told + almfawl + not to + V1 tuld + dha aubyikt + nat tu + vy wan He said, “Do not open the door.” He told me not to open the door. tlb mny ala afth albab.

tlb asked + almfawl + to + V1 askt + dha aubyikt + tu + vy wan She said, “Please help me.” She asked me to help her. tlbt mny an asaadha.

tlb mnfy asked + almfawl + not to + V1 askt + dha aubyikt + nat tu + vy wan She said, “Please don't leave.” She asked me not to leave. tlbt mny ala aghadr.

nsyha advised + almfawl + to + V1 aadvayzd + dha aubyikt + tu + vy wan He said, “Study harder.” He advised me to study harder. nshny an adrs bydya akbr.

nsyha mnfya advised + almfawl + not to + V1 aadvayzd + dha aubyikt + nat tu + vy wan He said, “Don't drive fast.” He advised me not to drive fast. nshny ala aqwd bsraa.

aqtrah suggested + V-ing sayistid + vy iingh He said, “Let's go.” He suggested going. aqtrh aldhhab.

aqtrah b that suggested that + Sujeto + should + V1 sayistid dat + dha sábyect + shud + vy wan He said, “Let's go.” He suggested that we should go. aqtrh an ndhhb.

wad promised + to + V1 bramist + tu + vy wan He said, “I will help you.” He promised to help me. wad an ysaadny.

rfd refused + to + V1 rifiuzd + tu + vy wan He said, “I won't go.” He refused to go. rfd an ydhhb.

ard offered + to + V1 ofard + tu + vy wan He said, “I will help you.” He offered to help me. ard an ysaadny.

thder warned + almfawl + to + V1 wwrnd + dha aubyikt + tu + vy wan He said, “Be careful.” He warned me to be careful. hdhrny mn an akwn hdhra.

thder mnfy warned + almfawl + not to + V1 wwrnd + dha aubyikt + nat tu + vy wan He said, “Don't touch it.” He warned me not to touch it. hdhrny mn lmsh.

aatder apologized for + V-ing aabalayayzd for + vy iingh He said, “I'm sorry I lied.” He apologized for lying. aatdhr an alkdhb.

iqrar/aatraf admitted + V-ing aadmitid + vy iingh He said, “I broke it.” He admitted breaking it. aatrf banh ksrh.

inkar denied + V-ing dinayd + vy iingh He said, “I didn't break it.” He denied breaking it. ankr anh ksrh.

atham accused + almfawl + of + V-ing aakiuzd + dha aubyikt + aav + vy iingh He said, “You stole it.” He accused me of stealing it. athmny bsrqth.

lwm blamed + almfawl + for + V-ing blymd + dha aubyikt + for + vy iingh He said, “You caused the problem.” He blamed me for causing the problem. lamny ala altsbb fy almshkla.

thnya congratulated + almfawl + on + V-ing/noun kangratshulytid + dha aubyikt + on + vy iingh/nawn He said, “Congratulations!” He congratulated me on winning. hnany ala alfwz.

thuil Tiempos verbales fy Reported Speech

andma ykwn fal alnql fy almady, ghalba yhdth Backshift, ay rywa Tiempo verbal jtwa a / hacia almady:

alklam almbashr Estilo indirecto ntq alyz almnqwl

Present Simple Past Simple past simbul

Present Continuous Past Continuous past kantinyuwas

Present Perfect Past Perfect past birfikt

Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous past birfikt kantinyuwas

Past Simple Past Perfect past birfikt

Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous past birfikt kantinyuwas

Past Perfect Past Perfect past birfikt

will + V1 would + V1 wud + vy wan

will be + V-ing would be + V-ing wud bi + vy iingh

will have + V3 would have + V3 wud haf + vy thry

can + V1 could + V1 kud + vy wan

may + V1 might + V1 mayt + vy wan

must + V1 had to + V1 had tu + vy wan

3. amthla ala Backshift

almbashr almnqwl Traducción

He said, “I work here.” He said that he worked there. qal inh yaml hnak.

He said, “I am working.” He said that he was working. qal inh kan yaml.

He said, “I have finished.” He said that he had finished. qal inh kan qd antha.

He said, “I finished.” He said that he had finished. qal inh kan qd antha.

He said, “I was sleeping.” He said that he had been sleeping. qal inh kan nayma.

He said, “I will come.” He said that he would come. qal inh syaty.

He said, “I can swim.” He said that he could swim. qal inh ysttya alsbaha.

He said, “I may come.” He said that he might come. qal inh qd yaty.

4. thuil Pronombres

alklam almbashr Estilo indirecto

I he / she

me him / her

my his / her

mine his / hers

we they

us them

our their

ours theirs

you I / we / he / she / they hsb alsyaq

your my / our / his / her / their hsb alsyaq

Ejemplo:

Direct: She said, “I love my house.”

Reported: She said that she loved her house.

Pronunciación: shi sid dat shi lavd har haws.

Traducción: qalt inha thb mnzlha.

5. thuil klmat alzman walmkan

alklam almbashr Estilo indirecto

now then

today that day

tonight that night

yesterday the day before / the previous day

tomorrow the next day / the following day

last week the previous week

next week the following week

ago before

here there

this that

these those

17- almsadr walasma Verboya (INFINITIVES AND VERBAL NOUNS)

Tipo balarbia almstlh alinylyzy ntq alinylyzya balarbia Formación ntq Formación Significado/alastjdam

Infinitivo ma to to-infinitive tu iinfinitiv to + V1 tu + vy wan an yfal

Infinitivo bdun to bare infinitive biyr iinfinitiv V1 vy wan Verbo alasasy bdun to

sygha -ing kasm gerund yirand V-ing vy iingh alqyam bVerbo / fal alshi

Infinitivo altam perfect infinitive birfikt iinfinitiv to have + V3 tu haf + vy thry an ykwn qd fal

Infinitivo almstmr continuous infinitive kantinyuwas iinfinitiv to be + V-ing tu bi + vy iingh an ykwn yfal

Infinitivo altam almstmr perfect continuous infinitive birfikt kantinyuwas iinfinitiv to have been + V-ing tu haf biyn + vy iingh an ykwn qd zl yfal

Infinitivo Voz pasiva passive infinitive basiv iinfinitiv to be + V3 tu bi + vy thry an ytm falh

Infinitivo altam Voz pasiva perfect passive infinitive birfikt basiv iinfinitiv to have been + V3 tu haf biyn + vy thry an ykwn qd tm falh

# Tipo Fórmula en árabe ntq Fórmula en árabe Ejemplo Pronunciación del ejemplo en letras árabes Traducción al árabe

1 Adjective + V-ing Sujeto + be + adjective + fal + ing + Objeto dha sábyect + bi + adyéctiv + fal + ingh + obyikt I am happy seeing you. ai am habi syyngh iu ana sayd bruytk

2 Adjective + to-infinitive Sujeto + be + adjective + to + V1 + Objeto dha sábyect + bi + adyéctiv + tu + vy wan + obyikt I am happy to see you. ai am habi tu sy iu ana sayd lruytk

3 Verb + to-infinitive Sujeto + plan + to + V1 dha sábyect + blan + tu + vy wan I plan to eat. ai blan tu iyt ajtt llakl

4 Verb + V-ing Sujeto + plan + fal + ing dha sábyect + blan + fal + ingh I plan eating. ai blan iytingh ajtt llakl, lkn hdhh alsygha ghyr tbiaya aada

5 Perception verb + object + V1 Sujeto + see + Objeto + V1 dha sábyect + sy + obyikt + vy wan I see him run. ai sy him ran arah yrkd

6 Perception verb + object + V-ing Sujeto + see + Objeto + fal + ing dha sábyect + sy + obyikt + fal + ingh I see him running. ai sy him raningh arah whw yrkd

7 Purpose + to-infinitive Verbo + Sujeto + to + V1 dha sábyect + dha vyrb + tu + vy wan I eat to play. ai iyt tu blay akl lky alab

8 Purpose + in order to Verbo + Sujeto + in order to + V1 dha sábyect + dha vyrb + in ordr tu + vy wan I eat in order to play. ai iyt in ordr tu blay akl lky alab / akl mn ayl an alab

18- sygha Condicional waltlb (SUBJUNCTIVE)

Tipo Fórmula en árabe ntq Fórmula en árabe Ejemplo Pronunciación del ejemplo en letras árabes Traducción

1 Present Subjunctive Sujeto + that + Verbo alasasy V1 dha sábyect + dat + Verbo alasasy vy wan I suggest that he go. ai sayist dat ji ghw aqtrh an ydhhb

2 Negative Present Subjunctive Sujeto + that + not + Verbo alasasy V1 dha sábyect + dat + not + Verbo alasasy vy wan I suggest that he not go. ai sayist dat ji not ghw aqtrh ala ydhhb

3 Be Subjunctive Sujeto + that + be + Adjetivo/Sustantivo dha sábyect + dat + bi + aadyikt/nawn It is important that he be ready. it is imbwrtant dat ji bi redy mn almhm an ykwn mstada

4 After demand/recommendation Sujeto + that + Sujeto + V1 dha sábyect + dat + dha sábyect + vy wan They demanded that she leave. dei dimandid dat shi liv talbwa ban tghadr

5 After insist Sujeto + that + Sujeto + V1 dha sábyect + dat + dha sábyect + vy wan I insist that he stay. ai insist dat ji stay asr ala an ybqa

6 After require Sujeto + that + Sujeto + V1 dha sábyect + dat + dha sábyect + vy wan The law requires that everyone be present. dha lw rikuairz dat ivry wan bi brizant yttlb alqanwn an ykwn alymia hadryn

7 Were Subjunctive If + Sujeto + were + ... if + dha sábyect + uer + ... If I were you, I would wait. if ai uer iu, ai wud wiyt lw knt mkank, lantzrt

8 Wish + were Sujeto + wish + Sujeto + were + ... dha sábyect + wish + dha sábyect + uer + ... I wish I were taller. ai wish ai uer tular atmna lw knt atwl

9 Formal hypothetical inversion Were + Sujeto + ... uer + dha sábyect + ... Were I you, I would wait. uer ai iu, ai wud wiyt lw knt mkank, lantzrt

10 Fixed/formal expression God/Heaven + V1 ghad/hivin + vy wan God save the King. ghad syv dha kingh hfz allh almlk

19- asyla aldhyl (TAG QUESTIONS)

Tipo Formación Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Ejemplo kaml Pronunciación del ejemplo en letras árabes Traducción al árabe

Tag Question — mthbt Oracionesa mthbta + auxiliary negative + Sujeto? Oracionesa mthbta + oksilyary nygativ + dha sábyect? You are ready, aren't you? yuw ar redy, arnt yuw? ant mstad, alys kdhlk?

Tag Question — mnfy Oracionesa mnfya + auxiliary positive + Sujeto? Oracionesa mnfya + oksilyary bwzitiv + dha sábyect? You aren't ready, are you? yuw arnt redy, ar yuw? ant lst mstada, alys kdhlk?

Present Simple Oracionesa + don't/doesn't + Sujeto? Oracionesa + dunt/dasint + dha sábyect? She works here, doesn't she? shi uorks jir, dasint shi? ji taml hna, alys kdhlk?

Past Simple Oracionesa + didn't/did + Sujeto? Oracionesa + didint/did + dha sábyect? You saw him, didn't you? yuw sw him, didint yuw? rayth, alys kdhlk?

Be Oracionesa + isn't/aren't/wasn't/weren't + Sujeto? Oracionesa + isint/arnt/wazint/uernt + dha sábyect? He is here, isn't he? ji is jir, isint ji? hw hna, alys kdhlk?

Present Continuous Oracionesa + isn't/aren't + Sujeto? Oracionesa + isint/arnt + dha sábyect? She is working, isn't she? shi is uórking, isint shi? ji taml, alys kdhlk?

Present Perfect Oracionesa + hasn't/haven't + Sujeto? Oracionesa + jasint/javint + dha sábyect? They have finished, haven't they? dei jav finisht, javint dei? lqd anthwa, alys kdhlk?

Past Perfect Oracionesa + hadn't + Sujeto? Oracionesa + hadint + dha sábyect? He had left, hadn't he? ji had lift, hadint ji? kan qd ghadr, alys kdhlk?

Future — will Oracionesa + won't + Sujeto? Oracionesa + wwnt + dha sábyect? You will come, won't you? yuw uil kam, wwnt yuw? staty, alys kdhlk?

Modal Oracionesa + modal negative + Sujeto? Oracionesa + mwdal nygativ + dha sábyect? He can swim, can't he? ji kan swim, kant ji? ysttya alsbaha, alys kdhlk?

Let's Let's + V1, shall we? lits + vy wan, shal ui? Let's go, shall we? lits ghw, shal ui? lndhhb, alys kdhlk?

Imperative V1 + will you? vy wan + uil yuw? Open the door, will you? obin dha dur, uil yuw? afth albab, hsna?

Negative Question — Present Simple Don't/Doesn't + Sujeto + V1? dunt/dasint + dha sábyect + vy wan? Don't you like coffee? dunt yuw layk kwfy? ala thb alqhwa?

Negative Question — Past Simple Didn't + Sujeto + V1? didint + dha sábyect + vy wan? Didn't you see him? didint yuw sy him? alm trh?

Negative Question — Be Isn't/Aren't/Wasn't/Weren't + Sujeto...? isint/arnt/wazint/uernt + dha sábyect? Isn't he ready? isint ji redy? alys mstada?

Negative Question — Continuous Isn't/Aren't + Sujeto + fal + ing? isint/arnt + dha sábyect + fal + ingh? Isn't she working? isint shi uórking? ala taml?

Negative Question — Perfect Haven't/Hasn't + Sujeto + V3? javint/jasint + dha sábyect + vy thry? Haven't you finished? javint yuw finisht? alm tnthi?

Negative Question — Future Won't + Sujeto + V1? wwnt + dha sábyect + vy wan? Won't you come with us? wwnt yuw kam widh aas? ala taty mana?

Negative Question — Modal Modal negative + Sujeto + V1? mwdal nygativ + dha sábyect + vy wan? Can't you help me? kant yuw hilb mi? ala tsttya msaadty?

Full Negative Question Auxiliary + Sujeto + not + V1...? oksilyary + dha sábyect + not + vy wan? Do you not know? du yuw not nw? ala tarf?

I am — Tag I am + ..., aren't I? ai am + ..., arnt ai? I am right, aren't I? ai am rait, arnt ai? ana ala hq, alys kdhlk?

alqavarios alasasya

alqavarios Ejemplo

Oracionesa mthbta → Tag mnfy You like it, don't you?

Oracionesa mnfya → Tag mthbt You don't like it, do you?

Negative Question = sual mnfy Don't you like it?

Tag Question = Oracionesa + sual qsyr fy alnhaya You like it, don't you?

ide wuyd auxiliary fy Oración, nstjdmh fy al Tag She is working, isn't she?

ide lm iuyd auxiliary fy Present/Past Simple, nstjdm do/does/did He works, doesn't he?

ma Negative Question, ybqa Verbo alryysy V1 bad do/does/did Didn't you go? wlys ❌ Didn't you went?

aliyaba b Yes/No ttba hqyqa aliyaba Don't you like coffee? → Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

20- alafaal alnaqsa waltrakyb alnaqsa (MODAL WORDS)

Modal Pronunciación balarbia Significado alasasy balarbia Ejemplo Pronunciación del ejemplo en letras árabes Traducción

can kan ysttya / ymkn I can swim. ai kan swim. asttya alsbaha.

could kud asttaa / kan ysttya / ymkn an I could swim when I was five. ai kud swim win ai waz fayf. knt asttya alsbaha andma kan amry jms snwat.

may may qd / yywz / ymkn It may rain. it may ryn. qd tmtr.

might mayt qd / rbma It might rain. it mayt ryn. rbma tmtr.

must mast yyb / la bd an You must leave. yuw mast lyf. yyb an tghadr.

shall shal swf / ynbghy / hl trid an...? Shall we go? shal ui ghw? hl ndhhb?

should shud ynbghy / yyb an You should rest. yuw shud rist. ynbghy an trtah.

will uil swf / sy I will help you. ai uil hilb yuw. sasaadk.

would wud swf mn mnzwr almady / swf fy Condicional / tlb mhdhb I would help you. ai wud hilb yuw. knt sasaadk / sasaadk lw...

ought to ot tu ynbghy / mn almftrd an You ought to study. yuw ot tu stady. ynbghy an tdrs.

alqavarios

al central modal aada yaty badh V1:

modal + V1

Ejemplo:

She can speak English.

shi kan sbik inghlish.

ji tsttya althdth balinylyzya.

wlys:

❌ She can speaks.

2. mana kl Modal hsb alwzyfa

alwzyfa Modal words / expressions Significado

Ability — alqdra can, could, be able to ysttya

Possibility — alahtmal can, could, may, might, might possibly ymkn / qd / rbma

Permission — alidhn can, could, may, might ymkn / hl ymknny

Request — altlb can, could, will, would, may hl ymknk / hl tmana

Advice — alnsyha should, ought to, had better ynbghy / mn alafdl

Obligation — alilzam must, have to, have got to, need to yyb

Necessity — aldrwra must, have to, need to yyb / mn aldrwry

Prohibition — almna must not, cannot/can't, may not mmnwa / la yywz

Expectation — altuqa should, ought to, be supposed to mn almftrd

Prediction — altnbu will, shall, should, ought to swf / mn almtuqa

Willingness — alastadad will, would swf / mstad l

Refusal — alrfd will not, won't, would not, wouldn't yrfd / ln

Habit — alaada would, will kan yfal / yfal aada

Hypothetical — alaftrad would, could, might kan ymkn / swf lw

Deduction — alastntay must, can't, couldn't, may, might la bd / la ymkn / rbma

Regret — alndm should have, ought to have, could have, would have kan ynbghy / kan ymkn

Past possibility may have, might have, could have rbma hdth

Past deduction must have, can't have, couldn't have la bd anh / la ymkn anh

3. Semi-Modals — ashbah alafaal alnaqsa

hdhh lyst central modal verbs, lknha tudy wzayf modal mshabha.

Modal expression Pronunciación balarbia Significado Ejemplo ntq Ejemplo Traducción

have to jav tu yyb I have to go. ai jav tu ghw. yyb an adhhb.

has to jas tu yyb She has to work. shi jas tu uork. yyb alyha an taml.

had to had tu kan yyb I had to leave. ai had tu lyf. kan yyb an aghadr.

have got to jav ghat tu yyb I have got to go. ai jav ghat tu ghw. yyb an adhhb.

has got to jas ghat tu yyb He has got to leave. ji jas ghat tu lyf. yyb an yghadr.

had better had bitar mn alafdl an You had better go. yuw had bitar ghw. mn alafdl an tdhhb.

be able to bi iybul tu ykwn qadra ala She is able to swim. shi is iybul tu swim. tsttya alsbaha.

be unable to bi aaniybul tu ghyr qadr ala He is unable to walk. ji is aaniybul tu wwk. hw ghyr qadr ala almshi.

be allowed to bi alawd tu yusmh lh an We are allowed to leave. ui ar alawd tu lyf. yusmh lna balmghadra.

be permitted to bi barmitid tu yusmh lh an You are permitted to enter. yuw ar barmitid tu intar. yusmh lk baldjwl.

be supposed to bi sabwzd tu mn almftrd an You are supposed to wait. yuw ar sabwzd tu uit. mn almftrd an tntzr.

be required to bi rikuaird tu mtlwb mnh an You are required to sign. yuw ar rikuaird tu sayn. mtlwb mnk an tuqa.

be expected to bi iksbiktid tu mtuqa mnh an They are expected to arrive. dei ar iksbiktid tu arayv. mn almtuqa an yslwa.

be willing to bi uilingh tu mstad l I am willing to help. ai am uilingh tu hilb. ana mstad llmsavarios.

be unwilling to bi aanuilingh tu ghyr mstad l He is unwilling to cooperate. ji is aanuilingh tu kwobaryt. hw ghyr mstad lltaawn.

be likely to bi laykly tu mn almhtml an She is likely to win. shi is laykly tu win. mn almhtml an tfwz.

be unlikely to bi aanlaykly tu mn ghyr almhtml an He is unlikely to come. ji is aanlaykly tu kam. mn ghyr almhtml an yaty.

4. Need — Modal-like

need lha astamalan mhman.

Modal need

Need I go?

nyd ai ghw?

hl ahtay a / hacia aldhhab?

You needn't worry.

yuw nydint wury.

la daay lan tqlq.

Main verb need

I need to go.

ai nyd tu ghw.

ahtay a / hacia aldhhab.

alshkl Pronunciación Significado

need nyd yhtay / ynbghy alyh

needn't nydint la yhtay / la daay

need to nyd tu yhtay a / hacia an

don't need to dunt nyd tu la yhtay a / hacia an

didn't need to didint nyd tu lm yhty a / hacia an

5. Dare — Modal-like

dare ymkn an taml kfal aady o k modal-like verb.

Dare I ask?

dyr ai ask?

hl ayru ala alsual?

How dare you!

haw dyr yuw!

kyf tyru!

alshkl Pronunciación Significado

dare dyr yyru

daren't dyrint la yyru

dare not dyr not la yyru

don't dare dunt dyr la tyru

6. Used to — aada fy almady

used to lyst central modal, lknha modal-like construction mhma.

I used to live there.

ai yuwst tu liv der.

knt aaysh hnak.

Significado:

used to + V1

= aada o hala kant mwywda fy almady wlm tad kdhlk aada.

7. Be going to

tustjdm lltabir an jta o nya mstantes deya o tuqa mbny ala dlyl.

I am going to study.

ai am ghuingh tu stady.

sadrs / anui an adrs.

It is going to rain.

it is ghuingh tu ryn.

stmtr ala alaryh.

8. Modal expressions llahtmal

hdhh lyst klha modal verbs, lknha modal expressions mhma yda.

altabir Pronunciación balarbia Significado

perhaps birhabs rbma

maybe mibi rbma

possibly bwsibly rbma / mn almmkn

probably brabably ala alaryh

likely laykly mhtml

unlikely aanlaykly ghyr mhtml

certainly sirtanly baltakyd

definitely difinitly baltakyd

surely shwrly baltakyd / la bd

apparently abarantly ala ma ybdu

presumably brizwmably ala alaryh / yuftrd

conceivably kansyvably mn almmkn nzrya

arguably arghiuably ymkn alqwl in

necessarily nisisyrily baldrwra

not necessarily not nisisyrily lys baldrwra

Ejemplo:

She will probably come.

shi uil brabably kam.

mn almhtml an taty.

9. Expressions of necessity — tabirat aldrwra

altabir Pronunciación Significado

must mast yyb

have to jav tu yyb

have got to jav ghat tu yyb

need to nyd tu yhtay a / hacia / yyb

be required to bi rikuaird tu mtlwb mnh

be obliged to bi aublayyd tu mulzm b

be compelled to bi kambild tu muybr ala

be forced to bi forst tu muybr ala

be necessary to bi nisisiry tu mn aldrwry an

be essential to bi iisinshal tu mn aldrwry yda an

10. Expressions of advice — tabirat alnsyha

altabir Pronunciación Significado

should shud ynbghy

ought to ot tu ynbghy

had better had bitar mn alafdl

might want to mayt wwnt tu qd trghb fy / mn alafdl an

could kud ymknk / rbma mn alafdl

be advised to bi adfayzd tu yunsh ban

it would be wise to it wud bi uaiz tu mn alhkma an

it would be better to it wud bi bitar tu sykwn mn alafdl an

Ejemplo:

You might want to check again.

yuw mayt wwnt tu tshik agyn.

qd ykwn mn alafdl an tthqq mra ajra.

11. Expressions of permission — alidhn

altabir Pronunciación Significado

can kan ymkn

could kud hl ymkn

may may yywz / ymkn

might mayt hl ymknny, bsygha shdyda alrsmia/althfz

be allowed to bi alawd tu yusmh lh

be permitted to bi barmitid tu yusmh lh

be authorized to bi otharayzd tu mjwl lh

be entitled to bi intaytald tu lh alhq fy

12. Expressions of ability — alqdra

altabir Pronunciación Significado

can kan ysttya

could kud kan ysttya

be able to bi iybul tu ykwn qadra ala

be capable of bi kaybabul auv ykwn qadra ala

manage to maniy tu ytmkn mn

succeed in saksyd in ynyh fy

Ejemplo:

She was able to solve the problem.

shi waz iybul tu swlv dha brablim.

tmknt mn hl almshkla.

13. Expressions of expectation

altabir Pronunciación Significado

should shud mn almtuqa an

ought to ot tu mn almftrd an

be supposed to bi sabwzd tu mn almftrd an

be expected to bi iksbiktid tu mn almtuqa an

be due to bi diu tu mn almqrr an

be scheduled to bi skayuwld tu mn almqrr an

Ejemplo:

The train is due to arrive at six.

dha tryn is diu tu arayv at siks.

mn almqrr an ysl alqtar fy alsadsa.

14. Expressions of willingness

altabir Pronunciación Significado

will uil swf / mstad

would wud kan mstada / hl tud

be willing to bi uilingh tu ykwn mstada

be happy to bi habi tu ykwn sayda/mstada

be prepared to bi bripyrd tu ykwn mstada

be ready to bi redy tu ykwn yahza

15. Expressions of refusal

altabir Pronunciación Significado

will not / won't uil not / wwnt ln / yrfd

would not / wouldn't wud not / wudint lm ykn mstada / rfd

refuse to rifiuz tu yrfd an

decline to diklayn tu yrfd / ymtna an

be unwilling to bi aan uilingh tu ghyr mstad an

16. Past Modal Constructions

hdhh mhma yda lan al modal ymkn an ythdth an almady.

altrkyb Pronunciación Significado

could have + V3 kud jav + vy thry kan ymkn an

may have + V3 may jav + vy thry rbma qd

might have + V3 mayt jav + vy thry rbma kan qd

must have + V3 mast jav + vy thry la bd anh qd

can't have + V3 kant jav + vy thry la ymkn anh qd

couldn't have + V3 kudint jav + vy thry la ymkn anh qd

should have + V3 shud jav + vy thry kan ynbghy an

ought to have + V3 ot tu jav + vy thry kan ynbghy an

would have + V3 wud jav + vy thry kan sy

needn't have + V3 nydint jav + vy thry lm ykn mn aldrwry an

Ejemplo:

You should have called me.

yuw shud jav kwld mi.

kan ynbghy an ttsl bi.

17. Modal + Progressive

ymkn ll modal an yaty antes de be + fal + ing:

modal + be + fal + ing

altrkyb Ejemplo Pronunciación Significado

can be + fal + ing He can be working. ji kan bi uórking. qd ykwn yaml / ymkn an ykwn yaml

could be + fal + ing He could be working. ji kud bi uórking. rbma ykwn yaml

may be + fal + ing He may be working. ji may bi uórking. qd ykwn yaml

might be + fal + ing He might be working. ji mayt bi uórking. rbma ykwn yaml

must be + fal + ing He must be working. ji mast bi uórking. la bd anh yaml

should be + fal + ing He should be working. ji shud bi uórking. mn almftrd an ykwn yaml

will be + fal + ing He will be working. ji uil bi uórking. sykwn yaml

would be + fal + ing He would be working. ji wud bi uórking. kan sykwn yaml

18. Modal + Perfect Progressive

modal + have been + fal + ing

Ejemplo:

She may have been working.

shi may jav bin uórking.

rbma kant taml.

altrkyb Significado

could have been + fal + ing rbma kan ymkn an ykwn yfal

may have been + fal + ing rbma kan yfal

might have been + fal + ing rbma kan yfal

must have been + fal + ing la bd anh kan yfal

should have been + fal + ing kan ynbghy an ykwn yfal

would have been + fal + ing kan syzl/sykwn yfal

19. Modal + Passive

modal + be + V3

Ejemplo:

The work must be finished.

dha uork mast bi finisht.

yyb an ytm inyaz alaml.

altrkyb Ejemplo

can be + V3 It can be done.

could be + V3 It could be done.

may be + V3 It may be done.

might be + V3 It might be done.

must be + V3 It must be done.

should be + V3 It should be done.

will be + V3 It will be done.

would be + V3 It would be done.

20. Modal + Perfect Passive

modal + have been + V3

Ejemplo:

It should have been done.

it shud jav bin dan.

kan ynbghy an ytm dhlk.

altrkyb Significado

could have been + V3 kan ymkn an ykwn qd tm

may have been + V3 rbma kan qd tm

might have been + V3 rbma kan qd tm

must have been + V3 la bd anh qd tm

should have been + V3 kan ynbghy an ykwn qd tm

would have been + V3 kan syunyz / kan syhdth

21- THERE IS / HAVE / BE

Tipo Formación Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Ejemplo kaml Pronunciación del ejemplo en letras árabes Traducción al árabe

mfrd — mthbt There is + asm mfrd der is + nawn There is a book on the table. der is a buk on dha téibol. iuyd libro ala altawla.

yma — mthbt There are + asm yma der ar + nawn There are two books on the table. der ar tu buks on dha téibol. iuyd libroan ala altawla.

Sustantivo incontable There is + Sustantivo incontable der is + aankawntabul nawn There is some water in the bottle. der is sam wwtr in dha bwtul. iuyd bad alma fy alzyaya.

mfrd — mnfy There isn't + asm mfrd der isint + nawn There isn't a book here. der isint a buk jir. la iuyd libro hna.

yma — mnfy There aren't + asm yma der arnt + nawn There aren't any books here. der arnt iny buks jir. la tuyd ay ktb hna.

sual — mfrd Is there + asm mfrd...? is der + nawn? Is there a problem? is der a brablim? hl tuyd mshkla?

sual — yma Are there + asm yma...? ar der + nawn? Are there any problems? ar der iny brablimz? hl tuyd ay mshakl?

sual mnfy — mfrd Isn't there + asm mfrd...? isint der + nawn? Isn't there a problem? isint der a brablim? ala tuyd mshkla?

sual mnfy — yma Aren't there + asm yma...? arnt der + nawn? Aren't there any problems? arnt der iny brablimz? ala tuyd ay mshakl?

mady mfrd There was + asm mfrd der waz + nawn There was a problem. der waz a brablim. kant hnak mshkla.

mady yma There were + asm yma der uer + nawn There were many people. der uer miny bibul. kan hnak kthyr mn alnas.

mady mfrd mnfy There wasn't + asm mfrd der wazint + nawn There wasn't a problem. der wazint a brablim. lm tkn hnak mshkla.

mady yma mnfy There weren't + asm yma der uernt + nawn There weren't many people. der uernt miny bibul. lm ykn hnak kthyr mn alnas.

mady sual Was there + asm mfrd...? waz der + nawn? Was there a problem? waz der a brablim? hl kant hnak mshkla?

mady yma sual Were there + asm yma...? uer der + nawn? Were there many people? uer der miny bibul? hl kan hnak kthyr mn alnas?

mstantes de There will be + asm der uil bi + nawn There will be a meeting tomorrow. der uil bi a mitingh tumorw. sykwn hnak aytmaa ghda.

mstantes de mnfy There won't be + asm der wwnt bi + nawn There won't be a meeting tomorrow. der wwnt bi a mitingh tumorw. ln ykwn hnak aytmaa ghda.

mstantes de sual Will there be + asm...? uil der bi + nawn? Will there be a meeting tomorrow? uil der bi a mitingh tumorw? hl sykwn hnak aytmaa ghda?

Present Perfect There has/have been + asm der jas/jav bin + nawn There has been a mistake. der jas bin a mistyk. hdth jta / kant hnak ghlta.

Past Perfect There had been + asm der had bin + nawn There had been a problem. der had bin a brablim. kant hnak mshkla.

Modal There can/may/might/must/should be + asm der kan/may/mayt/mast/shud bi + nawn There may be a problem. der may bi a brablim. qd tkwn hnak mshkla.

1. Have = ymlk / ldyh

Tipo Formación Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Ejemplo kaml Pronunciación del ejemplo en letras árabes Traducción al árabe

ma I / you / we / they Sujeto + have + Sustantivo dha sábyect + haf + dha nawn I have a car. ai haf aa kar. ldy syara.

ma he / she / it Sujeto + has + Sustantivo dha sábyect + jas + dha nawn She has a car. shi jas aa kar. ldyha syara.

Have tustjdm ma: I, you, we, they

Has tustjdm ma: he, she, it

2. Negación ma have

Tipo Formación Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Ejemplo kaml Pronunciación del ejemplo en letras árabes Traducción al árabe

nfy I/you/we/they Sujeto + do not + have + Sustantivo dha sábyect + du not + haf + dha nawn I do not have a car. ai du not haf aa kar. lys ldy syara.

nfy he/she/it Sujeto + does not + have + Sustantivo dha sábyect + das not + haf + dha nawn She does not have a car. shi das not haf aa kar. lys ldyha syara.

lahz an bad does nawd a / hacia have wlys has:

She doesn't have a car. ✅

She doesn't has a car. ❌

3. alsual ma have

Tipo Formación Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Ejemplo kaml Pronunciación del ejemplo en letras árabes Traducción al árabe

sual I/you/we/they Do + Sujeto + have + Sustantivo? du + dha sábyect + haf + dha nawn? Do you have a car? du iu haf aa kar? hl ldyk syara?

sual he/she/it Does + Sujeto + have + Sustantivo? das + dha sábyect + haf + dha nawn? Does she have a car? das shi haf aa kar? hl ldyha syara?

4. Have kfal msaad llasmna

hna have la tany "ymlk", bl tsaad fy tkuin Perfect tenses.

Tiempo verbal Formación Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Ejemplo Traducción

Present Perfect Sujeto + have/has + V3 dha sábyect + haf/jas + vy thry I have finished. lqd antjit.

Present Perfect Continuous Sujeto + have/has + been + fal + ing dha sábyect + haf/jas + bin + fal + ingh I have been working. lqd knt aaml.

Past Perfect Sujeto + had + V3 dha sábyect + had + vy thry I had finished. knt qd antjit.

Past Perfect Continuous Sujeto + had + been + fal + ing dha sábyect + had + bin + fal + ingh I had been working. knt qd amlt / knt aaml.

alfrq almhm

I have a car.

→ have = ymlk

I have finished.

→ have = fal msaad ltkuin Present Perfect.

5. Have to = yyb / ytayn alyh

have to tabr an aldrwra o alaltzam.

Tipo Formación Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Ejemplo kaml Traducción al árabe

I/you/we/they Sujeto + have to + V1 dha sábyect + haf tu + vy wan I have to work. yyb an aaml.

he/she/it Sujeto + has to + V1 dha sábyect + jas tu + vy wan She has to work. yyb alyha an taml.

almady Sujeto + had to + V1 dha sábyect + had tu + vy wan I had to work. kan yyb aly an aaml.

almstantes de Sujeto + will have to + V1 dha sábyect + uil haf tu + vy wan I will have to work. sytayn aly an aaml.

6. Have got = ldyh / ymlk

fy alinylyzya, jswsa albrytanya, Se puede usar:

have got / has got

Formación Ejemplo Traducción

Sujeto + have got + Sustantivo I have got a car. ldy syara.

Sujeto + has got + Sustantivo She has got a car. ldyha syara.

Negación:

I haven't got a car.

= lys ldy syara.

alsual:

Have you got a car?

= hl ldyk syara?

Imperatives — Imperativo

Tipo Formación Pronunciación de la fórmula inglesa en letras árabes Ejemplo Pronunciación del ejemplo en letras árabes Significado

alamr almthbt Verbo vy wan Come here. kam jir. taal hna.

alamr ma mfawl Verbo + almfawl vy wan + obyikt Read the book. rid dha buk. aqra allibro.

alamr almnfy Don't + Verbo dunt + vy wan Don't run. dunt ran. la trkd.

Negación alrsmi Do not + Verbo du not + vy wan Do not enter. du not intar. la tdjl.

ma Be Be + Adjetivo bi + adyéctiv Be careful. bi kyrful. kn hdhra.

nfy Be Don't be + Adjetivo dunt bi + adyéctiv Don't be late. dunt bi lyt. la ttajr.

ma Let me Let + me + Verbo lit + mi + vy wan Let me help you. lit mi hilb iu. dany asaadk.

ma Let him/her/them Let + almfawl + Verbo lit + obyikt + vy wan Let him go. lit him ghw. dah ydhhb.

Let's Let's + Verbo lits + vy wan Let's go. lits ghw. lndhhb.

Let's almnfy Let's not + Verbo lits not + vy wan Let's not wait. lits not uait. dana la nntzr.

alamr almhdhb Please + Verbo blyz + vy wan Please sit down. blyz sit dawn. mn fdlk ayls.

alamr lltakyd Do + Verbo du + vy wan Do sit down. du sit dawn. tfdl balylws.

alnji alqui Never + Verbo nivar + vy wan Never give up. nivar guiv aab. la tstslm abda.

aada/nsyha Always + Verbo oluiz + vy wan Always be careful. oluiz bi kyrful. kn hdhra dayma.

Imperativo pasivo Be + Tercera forma del verbo bi + vy thry Be prepared. bi bribird. kn mstada.

amr + ntyya Verbo + and + Oración vy wan + and + cláus Study hard, and you will pass. stady hard, and iu uil bas. adrs byd wstnyh.

amr + thder Verbo + or + Oración vy wan + or + cláus Hurry up, or you'll be late. hary aab, or yul bi lyt. asra wila sttajr.

amr + sual deily Verbo, will you? vy wan, uil iu? Wait here, will you? uait jir, uil iu? antzr hna, hsna?

Let's + sual deily Let's + Verbo, shall we? lits + vy wan, shal ui? Let's go, shall we? lits ghw, shal ui? lndhhb, alys kdhlk?

22- allwahq (SUFFIXES)

Prefix Pronunciación balarbia Significado balarbia Ejemplo Significado

a- aa / iyh bdun / lys atypical ghyr nmty

ab- aab bayda an abduct yjttf

ad- aad hacia / a / hacia adjoin ylthq

ambi- ambiy kla / alrededor de ambiguous ghamd

ante- antiy antes de antecedent sabq

anti- antiy dd antiwar mnahd llhrb

arch- artsh ryysy / aala archbishop ryys asaqfa

auto- otu daty automatic aly

bi- bai athnan bilingual thnayy allgha

circum- sirkam alrededor de circumference mhyt

co- kw ma cooperate ytaawn

contra- kwntra dd contradict ynaqd

counter- kawntar mdad / mqabl counterattack hywm mdad

de- dy isala / aks deactivate yatl

deca- dyka ashra decade aqd

deci- disy aushr decimeter dysymtr

demi- dimiy nsf demigod nsf ilh

dis- dis nfy / aks / anfsal disagree yjtlf

dys- dis sw / sawba dysfunction jll wzyfy

eco- iykw biyy ecosystem nzam biyy

ecto- iiktu fuera ectoderm aladym alzahr

endo- iindu dajl endoskeleton jikl dajly

epi- iibiy fwq / ala epidermis albshra

eu- yuw yyd euphemism tabir mltf

ex- iiks sabq / fuera ex-president ryys sabq

extra- ikstra fuera / idafy extraordinary astthnayy

fore- for antes de / amam forecast tnbu

geo- yiu ard geography yghrafya

hemi- himiy nsf hemisphere nsf alkra

hetero- hitirw diferente heterogeneous ghyr mtyans

homo- hwmw mtshabh / nfs homogeneous mtyans

hyper- haybr fwq / mfrt hyperactive mfrt alnshat

hypo- haybw debajo de / aql hypothermia anjfad alhrara

in- iin lys / dajl inactive ghyr nsht

im- iim lys / dajl impossible msthyl

il- iil lys illegal ghyr qanwny

ir- iir lys irregular ghyr mntzm

infra- infra debajo de infrared debajo de alahmr

inter- intar bin international duly

intra- intra dajl intranet shbka dajlya

intro- intrw a / hacia aldajl introduce yqdm

iso- aisw mtsaw isotope nzyr

macro- makrw kbir macroeconomics alaqtsad alkly

mal- mal syy / sw malfunction jll

mega- migha djm megastore mtyr djm

meta- mita bad / wra metadata bianat wsfya

micro- maykrw sghyr microscope myhr

mid- mid wst midnight mntsf allyl

mini- miny sghyr minibus hafla sghyra

mono- mwnw wahd monolingual ahady allgha

multi- malty mtadd multilingual mtadd allghat

neo- niyuw ydyd neologism klma msthdtha

non- nwn ghyr / lys nonstandard ghyr mayary

omni- omny kl omniscient alym bkl shi

out- aut fuera / akthr outperform ytfwq ala

over- ovar akthr mn allazm / fwq overcook ytbj akthr mn allazm

paleo- baliyuw qdym paleolithic mn alasr alhyry alqdym

pan- ban kl pan-European orwbi shaml

para- bara junto a / shbh paranormal jarq lltbiaa

peri- biry alrededor de perimeter mhyt

poly- baly kthyr / mtadd polyglot mtadd allghat

post- bwst bad postwar ma bad alhrb

pre- bry antes de prehistory ma antes de altaryj

pro- brw a / hacia alamam / muyd pro-democracy muyd lldymqratya

proto- brwtu oly / asly prototype nmwdhy oly

pseudo- swdu zayf / shbih pseudonym asm mstaar

re- ry mra ajra rewrite yayd allibroa

retro- rytrw a / hacia aldetrás de retroactive bathr ryay

semi- simiy nsf / yzyy semicircle nsf dayra

sub- sab debajo de / fray submarine ghwasa

super- swpar fwq / shdyd superhuman fwq bshry

supra- swpra fwq supranational fwq qwmi

syn- sin ma / maa synchronize yzamn

tele- tili bayd telephone hatf

trans- tranz abr transport ynql

tri- tray thlatha triangle mthlth

ultra- aaltra abad / mfrt ultramodern hdyth yda

un- aan lys / aks unhappy ghyr sayd

under- andar debajo de / aql underpaid mnjfd alayr

uni- yuwny wahd unilateral ahady alyanb

vice- vays nayb vice-president nayb alryys

with- widh bayda / dd withdraw ynshb

Suffixes — allwahq

Suffix Pronunciación balarbia alwzyfa Ejemplo Significado

-er iar shjs yqwm bVerbo teacher malm

-or aar shjs yqwm bVerbo actor mmthl

-ar aar shjs mrtbt bVerbo beggar mtswl

-ist iist shjs mjts artist fnan

-ian yan shjs mrtbt bmyal musician mwsyqy

-ant aant shjs/shi yqwm bVerbo assistant msaad

-ent aant shjs yqwm bVerbo student talb

-ee iy mtlqy Verbo employee mwzf

-ess iis munth actress mmthla

-ness nis hala/sfa happiness saada

-ity iity hala/sfa activity nshat

-ty ty hala/sfa safety slama

-ship ship hala/alaqa friendship sdaqa

-hood hud hala/mrhla childhood tfwla

-dom dam hala/myal kingdom mmlka

-th th hala/sfa warmth df

-ment mant ntyya/amlya development ttwr

-tion shan amlya/ntyya education talym

-sion yan / shan amlya/ntyya decision qrar

-ion yan / shan amlya/ntyya action iyra

-ation iyshan amlya organization tnzym

-al aal amlya/ntyya arrival wswl

-ance aans hala/amlya appearance mzhr

-ence aans hala existence wywd

-ancy aansy hala expectancy tuqa

-ency aansy hala efficiency kfaa

-age iiy ntyya/amlya marriage zway

-ure yar ntyya/hala failure fshl

-ing ingh asm fal/nshat swimming sbaha

-ism iizam mdhhb/fkra capitalism rasmalya

-cracy krasy nzam hkm democracy dymqratya

-crat krat shjs fy nzam democrat dymqraty

-archy arky nzam hkm monarchy mlkya

-arch ark hakm/qayd monarch mlk

-logy layy alm/drasa biology alm alahya

-graphy ghrafy libroa/wsf geography yghrafya

-graph ghraf Partícula / palabra/shi yktb autograph tuqya

-meter mitr Partícula / palabra qyas thermometer mqyas hrara

-metry mtry amlya qyas geometry hndsa

-scope skwb Partícula / palabra llruya telescope tlskwb

-scopy skubi fhs bsry microscopy fhs balmyhr

-nomy nami nzam/qanwn astronomy alm alflk

-phobia fwbia jwf arachnophobia rhab alanakb

-phile fayl mhb bibliophile mhb alktb

-philia filya hb/mil audiophilia hb alswt

-phone fwn swt/yjas swt telephone hatf

-phony fany swt/nzam swt symphony symfwnya

-path bath shjs yaany/mjts psychopath mjtl nfsya

-pathy bathy hala/mrd neuropathy aatlal asbi

-itis aitis althab arthritis althab almfasl

-osis osis hala/mrd diagnosis tshjys

-emia iymia hala fy aldm anemia fqr aldm

-oma oma wrm/ktla carcinoma srtan

-ectomy iktami astysal yrahy appendectomy astysal alzayda

-otomy otami shq yrahy tracheotomy shq alqsba alhwayya

-plasty blasty islah yrahy rhinoplasty tymil alanf

-let lit tsghyr booklet ktyb

-ling lingh sghyr/nsl duckling frj albt

-ette iit tsghyr kitchenette mtbj sghyr

-kin kin tsghyr manikin mysm sghyr

-oid auuid shbih b humanoid shbih balinsan

-esque iisk ala traz picturesque jlab/tsuiry

-like layk shbih b childlike shbih baltfl

-ish iish shbih / nwaa ma greenish mayl a / hacia alajdr

-ster star shjs mrtbt bVerbo youngster shab

-eer iyr shjs mrtbt bnshat auctioneer baya balmzad

-ard aard shjs du sfa coward yban

-some sam ysbb/ymil a / hacia troublesome mzay

-worthy uerdhy ydyr b trustworthy ydyr balthqa

-proof prwf mqawm l waterproof mqawm llma

-free fry jal mn sugar-free jal mn alskr

-wide uaid mmtd abr worldwide aalmi

-ward ward batyah backward a / hacia aldetrás de

-wise uaiz mn nahya/btryqa clockwise batyah aqarb alsaaa

-fold fwld bmqdar threefold thlatha adaaf

23- alafaal almrkba (PHRASAL VERBS)

Phrasal verb = Verbo almrkb, whw aada fal + klma o akthr mthl up, out, off, on, away, back, in, over.

Ejemplo:

give + up → give up = ystslm / ytuqf an shi

mlahza: lyst kl altrkybat verb + preposition/adverb mtshabha haciaya; baduha phrasal verbs, wbadha prepositional verbs o phrasal-prepositional verbs.

1. ahm Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal verb Pronunciación balarbia Significado balarbia Ejemplo kaml Pronunciación del ejemplo en letras árabes

add up aad aab yyma / ykwn mntqya The numbers add up. dha nambarz aad aab.

ask for ask for ytlb She asked for help. shi askt for hilb.

back up bak aab ydam / ynsj ahtyatya Please back up your files. blyz bak aab iur faylz.

break down bryk dawn ytatl / ynhar My car broke down. may kar brwk dawn.

break in bryk in yqthm / ytdjl Someone broke in last night. samwan brwk in last nayt.

break out bryk aut yndla / yhrb A fire broke out. aa fayr brwk aut.

break up bryk aab ynfsl / ynji alaqa They broke up last year. dei brwk aab last yyr.

bring back bringh bak yayd Please bring back my book. blyz bringh bak may bwk.

bring in bringh in yudjl They brought in a new manager. dei bruwt in aa niu maniyar.

bring up bringh aab ydhkr / yrbi She brought up an important issue. shi bruwt aab aan imbwrtant ishw.

call back kwl bak ytsl mydda I'll call you back later. ail kwl iu bak lytr.

call off kwl of ylghy They called off the meeting. dei kwld of dha mitingh.

carry on kary on ystmr Please carry on working. blyz kary on uórking.

carry out kary aut ynfdh They carried out the plan. dei karid aut dha blan.

catch up katsh aab ylhq b I need to catch up with you. ai nyd tu katsh aab widh iu.

check in tshik in ysyl alwswl We checked in at the hotel. ui tshikt in at dha hwtil.

check out tshik aut yghadr / yfhs We checked out at noon. ui tshikt aut at nwn.

clean up klyn aab ynzf Clean up your room. klyn aab iur rwm.

come back kam bak yawd He came back yesterday. ji kym bak yistardy.

come in kam in ydjl Come in, please. kam in, blyz.

come out kam aut yjry / ysdr The new book came out yesterday. dha niu bwk kym aut yistardy.

come over kam ovar yaty lzyara Come over tonight. kam ovar tunayt.

cut down kat dawn yqll / yqta I'm trying to cut down on sugar. aim trayingh tu kat dawn on shwghar.

cut off kat of yqta / yfsl They cut off the electricity. dei kat of dhy ilktrisity.

deal with dyl widh ytaaml ma We need to deal with this problem. ui nyd tu dyl widh dhis brablim.

do without du widewt ystghny an We can do without a car. ui kan du widewt aa kar.

drop off drwb of iusl / ynzl I'll drop you off at school. ail drwb iu of at skwl.

end up ind aab yntji bh alamr We ended up staying home. ui indid aab stayingh hwm.

fall apart fwl aabart ytfkk / ynhar The old chair fell apart. dhy old tshir fwl aabart.

fall behind fwl bijaind ytajr He fell behind in class. ji fwl bijaind in klas.

figure out fighyar aut yfhm / yktshf alhl I can't figure it out. ai kant fighyar it aut.

fill in fil in ymla / yhl mhl Please fill in this form. blyz fil in dhis form.

fill out fil aut ymla nmwdhya Fill out the application. fil aut dhy ablykayshan.

find out faynd aut yktshf / yarf I found out the truth. ai fawnd aut dha trwth.

get back ghit bak yawd I'll get back home soon. ail ghit bak hwm swn.

get in ghit in ydjl Get in the car. ghit in dha kar.

get off ghit of ynzl / yghadr wsyla nql Get off the bus. ghit of dha bas.

get on ghit on ysad / yrkb Get on the bus. ghit on dha bas.

get out ghit aut yjry Get out of the room. ghit aut aav dha rwm.

get over ghit ovar ytyawz She got over her fear. shi ghat ovar har fyr.

get up ghit aab ystyqz / ynhd I get up at seven. ai ghit aab at sivin.

give back ghiv bak yayd Give me back my phone. ghiv mi bak may fwn.

give in ghiv in ystslm He finally gave in. ji faynaly ghyf in.

give up ghiv aab ystslm / ytuqf Don't give up. dunt ghiv aab.

go ahead ghw aahid ytaba / ytqdm Go ahead and start. ghw aahid and start.

go back ghw bak yawd We went back home. ui wint bak hwm.

go on ghw on ystmr Please go on. blyz ghw on.

go out ghw aut yjry We went out last night. ui wint aut last nayt.

grow up ghrw aab ykbr I grew up in Kuwait. ai ghrw aab in alkuit.

hand in hand in yslm Hand in your homework. hand in iur hwmuork.

hang on hangh on antzr / tmsk Hang on a minute. hangh on aa minit.

hang out hangh aut yqdy wqta We hang out together. ui hangh aut tughidhar.

hold on hwld on antzr / tmsk Hold on, please. hwld on, blyz.

keep on kyb on ystmr fy Keep on trying. kyb on trayingh.

keep up kyb aab yhafz ala almstua / iuakb Keep up the good work. kyb aab dha ghwd uork.

kick out kik aut ytrd They kicked him out. dei kikt him aut.

look after lwk aftr yatny b She looks after her children. shi lwks aftr har tshildrin.

look for lwk for ybhth an I'm looking for my keys. aim lwkingh for may kyz.

look into lwk intu yhqq fy We'll look into the problem. uil lwk intu dha brablim.

look out lwk aut ahdhr Look out! lwk aut!

look up lwk aab ybhth an malwma Look up the word. lwk aab dha uerd.

make up mik aab yjtlq / ytsalh They made up after the argument. dei mid aab aftr dhy arghiumant.

move on mwv on yntql a / hacia altaly It's time to move on. its taym tu mwv on.

pick up bik aab yltqt / yajdh Pick up the phone. bik aab dha fwn.

point out buint aut yshir a / hacia She pointed out a mistake. shi buintid aut aa mistyk.

put away put aaway yda yanba/fy mkanh Put your clothes away. put iur klwdhz aaway.

put down put dawn yda / yqll mn shan Put the book down. put dha bwk dawn.

put off put of yuyl Don't put it off. dunt put it of.

put on put on yrtdy / yshghl Put on your jacket. put on iur yakit.

put out put aut ytfy / yjry Put out the fire. put aut dha fayr.

put up put aab yrfa / ynsb Put up the picture. put aab dha biktshar.

run into ran intu ysadf / ystdm b I ran into an old friend. ai ran intu aan old frind.

run out ran aut ynfd We ran out of milk. ui ran aut aav milk.

set up sit aab ynshy / yyhz They set up a new company. dei sit aab aa niu kambany.

show up shw aab yzhr / yhdr He didn't show up. ji didint shw aab.

shut down shat dawn yghlq / iuqf The factory shut down. dha faktary shat dawn.

sit down sit dawn yyls Please sit down. blyz sit dawn.

stand up stand aab yqf Please stand up. blyz stand aab.

take back tyk bak yayd / ytraya an klam I take back what I said. ai tyk bak wut ai sid.

take off tyk of yjla / tqla altayra The plane took off. dha blyn tuk of.

take on tyk on ytula / iuzf She took on a new job. shi tuk on aa niu ywb.

take out tyk aut yjry / yajdh llfuera Take out the trash. tyk aut dha trash.

take over tyk ovar ytula alsytra She took over the company. shi tuk ovar dha kambany.

take up tyk aab ybda nshata He took up swimming. ji tuk aab swimingh.

throw away zru aaway yrmi Don't throw it away. dunt zru it aaway.

try on tray on yyrb mlabs Try on this shirt. tray on dhis shirt.

turn down tirn dawn yrfd / yjfd She turned down the offer. shi tirnd dawn dhy ofar.

turn off tirn of ytfy Turn off the light. tirn of dha layt.

turn on tirn on yshghl Turn on the TV. tirn on dha ty vy.

turn up tirn aab yrfa alswt / yzhr Turn up the volume. tirn aab dha vwlium.

wake up uik aab ystyqz I woke up early. ai wwk aab iyrly.

work out uork aut ytmrn / ynyh alhl I work out every day. ai uork aut ivry day.

write down rait dawn ydun Write down the answer. rait dawn dhy ansar.

2. alanwaa alryysya

Tipo Formación Pronunciación balarbia Ejemplo Significado

Phrasal verb mtad qabl llfsl Verbo + Adverbio + almfawl verb + ádverb + obyikt Turn off the light. atfy aldw.

ma dmir Verbo + Pronombre + Adverbio verb + brwnawn + ádverb Turn it off. atfyh.

ghyr qabl llfsl Verbo + Adverbio/hrf alyr + almfawl verb + ádverb/bribazishan + obyikt Look after the child. aatni baltfl.

lazm Verbo + Adverbio verb + ádverb The plane took off. aqlat altayra.

Phrasal-prepositional Verbo + Adverbio + hrf alyr + almfawl verb + ádverb + bribazishan + obyikt I look forward to the trip. attla a / hacia alrhla.

3. alqavarios almhma: qabl llfsl am la?

Turn off qabl llfsl:

Turn off the light.

Turn the light off.

Turn it off. ✅

Turn off it. ❌

lkn look after ghyr qabl llfsl:

Look after the child. ✅

Look the child after. ❌

Look after him. ✅

24- anqbadat

alajtsar (Contraction) hw shkl qsyr mn klmtyn o akthr, uiustjdm kthyra fy allgha alinylyzya, jasa fy alklam wallibroa ghyr alrsmia.

Ejemplo:

I am → I'm → aim → ana

I have → I've → aif → ldy / lqd

I will → I'll → ail → swf / saa

I would → I'd → aid → knt saa / swf bi (hsb alsyaq)

1- Abreviaturas fal BE

am → 'm

I am → I'm → aim → ana

Example: I'm happy. → aim habi. → ana sayd.

are → 're

You are → You're → iur → anta / anti

Example: You're right. → iur rait. → ant ala hq.

We are → We're → uir → nhn

Example: We're ready. → uir redy. → nhn mstadun.

They are → They're → der → hm / hn

Example: They're here. → der jir. → hm hna.

is → 's

He is → He's → jiz → hw

Example: He's tired. → jiz tayrd. → hw mtab.

She is → She's → shiz → ji

Example: She's happy. → shiz habi. → ji sayda.

It is → It's → its → inh / inha / hw / ji lghyr alaaql

Example: It's cold. → its kwld. → alyw bard.

2- ajtsar HAVE

have → 've

I have → I've → aif → ldy / lqd

Example: I've finished. → aif finisht. → lqd antjit.

You have → You've → iuf → ldyk / lqd

Example: You've changed. → iuf tshinyd. → lqd tghyrt.

We have → We've → uif → ldyna / lqd

Example: We've arrived. → uif arayfd. → lqd wslna.

They have → They've → dhyf → ldyhm / lqd

Example: They've left. → dhyf lift. → lqd ghadrwa.

He has → He's → jiz → ldyh / lqd

Example: He's finished. → jiz finisht. → lqd antha.

She has → She's → shiz → ldyha / lqd

Example: She's gone. → shiz ghwn. → lqd dhhbt.

3- ajtsar WILL

will → 'll

I will → I'll → ail → saa

Example: I'll help you. → ail hilb iu. → sasaadk.

You will → You'll → iul → sta / swf

Example: You'll understand. → iul andrstand. → stfhm.

He will → He'll → jil → sya / swf

Example: He'll come tomorrow. → jil kam tumorw. → syaty ghda.

She will → She'll → shil → sta / swf

Example: She'll call you. → shil kwl iu. → sttsl bk.

We will → We'll → uil → sna / swf

Example: We'll see. → uil sy. → snra.

They will → They'll → dhyl → sya / swf

Example: They'll arrive soon. → dhyl arayf swn. → syslwn qryba.

4- ajtsar WOULD

would → 'd

I would → I'd → aid → knt saa / swf bi

Example: I'd help you. → aid hilb iu. → knt sasaadk.

You would → You'd → iud → knt sta / swf

Example: You'd like it. → iud layk it. → syaybk.

He would → He'd → jid → kan sya

Example: He'd come. → jid kam. → kan syaty.

She would → She'd → shid → kant sta

Example: She'd help us. → shid hilb as. → kant stsaadna.

We would → We'd → uid → kna sna

Example: We'd go. → uid ghw. → kna sndhhb.

They would → They'd → dhyd → kanwa sya

Example: They'd agree. → dhyd aghry. → kanwa siuafqwn.

5- ajtsar HAD

had → 'd

I had → I'd → aid → knt qd...

Example: I'd finished before he arrived. → aid finisht bifór ji arayfd. → knt qd antjit antes de an ysl.

You had → You'd → iud → knt qd...

Example: You'd already left. → iud olredy lift. → knt qd ghadrt bVerbo.

He had → He'd → jid → kan qd...

Example: He'd eaten. → jid iytin. → kan qd akl.

She had → She'd → shid → kant qd...

Example: She'd finished. → shid finisht. → kant qd antht.

6- alntyya almhma: 'd lha manyan

I'd = I would o I had

I'd go. → aid ghw. → knt sadhhb / swf adhhb.

I'd gone. → aid ghwn. → knt qd dhhbt.

aada narf Significado mn Palabra alty taty badha.

7- ajtsar NOT

not → n't

is not → isn't → isant → lys / lyst

Example: He isn't here. → ji isant jir. → hw lys hna.

are not → aren't → arant → lyswa / lstm / lstma...

Example: They aren't ready. → dhy arant redy. → hm lyswa mstadyn.

was not → wasn't → wazant → lm ykn / lm tkn

Example: He wasn't there. → ji wazant der. → lm ykn hnak.

were not → weren't → uerant → lm ykwnwa / lm tkwnwa...

Example: We weren't late. → ui uerant lyt. → lm ntajr.

have not → haven't → hafant → lm / lys ldy...

Example: I haven't finished. → ai hafant finisht. → lm anthi.

has not → hasn't → jasant → lm / lys ldyh...

Example: She hasn't arrived. → shi jasant arayfd. → lm tsl.

had not → hadn't → hadant → lm ykn qd...

Example: He hadn't eaten. → ji hadant iytin. → lm ykn qd akl.

do not → don't → dunt → la

Example: I don't know. → ai dunt nw. → la aarf.

does not → doesn't → dasant → la

Example: He doesn't know. → ji dasant nw. → hw la yarf.

did not → didn't → didant → lm

Example: I didn't see him. → ai didant sy him. → lm arh.

8- Abreviaturas ajra shayaa

cannot → can't → kant → la ysttya / la ymkn

could not → couldn't → kwdant → lm ystta / la ysttya

should not → shouldn't → shwdant → la ynbghy

would not → wouldn't → wwdant → ln / ma kan li

must not → mustn't → masant → yyb ala

will not → won't → wwnt → ln

Example: I won't go. → ai wwnt ghw. → ln adhhb.

9- mlahza mhma

hdhh alAbreviaturas lyst aada "lwahq" (Suffixes) bSignificado alsrfy llklma. fji Abreviaturas lklmat wzyfya, wtuktb mtsla bPalabra alsabqa pastjdam alama alhdhf alalya (apostrophe).

Ejemplo:

I + will → I'll

You + have → You've

He + is → He's

They + are → They're

Do + not → Don't

Can + not → Can't

ldhlk ymkn tsmitha Contractions = alAbreviaturas, wlys Suffixes = allwahq.