1- Alfabet Inggris

1. A a — Diucapaké: ay — /eɪ/ — Huruf A diucapaké “ei”, kaya ing wiwitan tembung “about”.

2. B b — Diucapaké: bee — /b/ — Huruf B diucapaké “bi”, lan swarané /b/ kaya ing: book.

3. C c — Diucapaké: cee — /k/, /s/ — Huruf C diucapaké “si”. Swarane bisa /k/ kaya ing: cat, lan /s/ kaya ing: city.

4. D d — Diucapaké: dee — /d/ — Huruf D diucapaké “di”, lan swarané /d/ kaya ing: dog.

5. E e — Diucapaké: ee — /iː/ — Huruf E diucapaké “i”, kaya swara ing tembung see.

6. F f — Diucapaké: ef — /f/ — Huruf F diucapaké “ef”, lan swarané /f/ kaya ing: fish.

7. G g — Diucapaké: gee — /ɡ/, /dʒ/ — Huruf G diucapaké “ji”. Swarane bisa /ɡ/ kaya ing: go, lan /dʒ/ kaya ing: giant.

8. H h — Diucapaké: aitch — /h/ — Huruf H diucapaké “eich”, lan swarané /h/ kaya ing: house.

9. I i — Diucapaké: eye — /aɪ/ — Huruf I diucapaké “ai”, kaya ing tembung eye.

10. J j — Diucapaké: jay — /dʒ/ — Huruf J diucapaké “jei”, lan swarané /dʒ/ kaya ing: job.

11. K k — Diucapaké: kay — /k/ — Huruf K diucapaké “kei”, lan swarané /k/ kaya ing: key.

12. L l — Diucapaké: el — /l/ — Huruf L diucapaké “el”, lan swarané /l/ kaya ing: love.

13. M m — Diucapaké: em — /m/ — Huruf M diucapaké “em”, lan swarané /m/ kaya ing: man.

14. N n — Diucapaké: en — /n/ — Huruf N diucapaké “en”, lan swarané /n/ kaya ing: name.

15. O o — Diucapaké: oh — /oʊ/ — Huruf O diucapaké “ou”, lan swarané /oʊ/ kaya ing: go.

16. P p — Diucapaké: pee — /p/ — Huruf P diucapaké “pi”, lan swarané /p/ kaya ing: pen.

17. Q q — Diucapaké: cue — /k/ — Huruf Q diucapaké “kiu”, lan lumrahe diikuti huruf U, kaya ing: queen.

18. R r — Diucapaké: ar — /r/ — Huruf R diucapaké “ar”, lan swarané /r/ kaya ing: red.

19. S s — Diucapaké: ess — /s/, /z/ — Huruf S diucapaké “es”. Swarane bisa /s/ kaya ing: sun, lan /z/ kaya ing: rose.

20. T t — Diucapaké: tee — /t/ — Huruf T diucapaké “ti”, lan swarané /t/ kaya ing: ten.

21. U u — Diucapaké: u — /juː/, /ʌ/ — Huruf U diucapaké “yu” /juː/, lan uga bisa nduwé swara /ʌ/ kaya ing: cup.

22. V v — Diucapaké: vee — /v/ — Huruf V diucapaké “vi”, lan swarané /v/ kaya ing: very.

23. W w — Diucapaké: double-u — /w/ — Huruf W diucapaké “dabel-yu”, lan swarané /w/ kaya ing: water.

24. X x — Diucapaké: ex — /ks/ — Huruf X diucapaké “eks”, lan lumrahe swarané /ks/ kaya ing: box.

25. Y y — Diucapaké: why — /j/, /ɪ/, /aɪ/ — Huruf Y diucapaké “wai”. Swarane bisa /j/ kaya ing: yes, /ɪ/ kaya ing: happy, lan /aɪ/ kaya ing: my.

26. Z z — Diucapaké: zee* — /z/ — Ing basa Inggris Amerika, huruf Z diucapaké “zi”. Ing basa Inggris Britania, lumrahe diucapaké “zed”. Swarané /z/ kaya ing: zoo.

2- Urutan Tembung (WORD ORDER)

1. Ukara dhasar — Subjek + Tembung kriya — Sabjek + Verb — I sleep. — Ai sliip — Aku turu.

2. Objek langsung — Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek langsung — Sabjek + Verb + Dairek Objek — I read a book. — Ai riid ə buk — Aku maca buku.

3. Objek ora langsung — Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek ora langsung + Objek langsung — Sabjek + Verb + Indairek Objek + Dairek Objek — I give him a book. — Ai giv him ə buk — Aku menehi buku marang dhèwèké.

4. Penerima manfaat — Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek langsung + for + Wong — Sabjek + Verb + Dairek Objek + For + Persen — I buy a book for him. — Ai bai ə buk for him — Aku tuku buku kanggo dhèwèké.

5. Pronomina objek ora langsung — Subjek + Tembung kriya + Pronomina objek ora langsung + Objek langsung — Sabjek + Verb + Indairek Objek Pronoun + Dairek Objek — I give her a book. — Ai giv her ə buk — Aku menehi buku marang dhèwèké.

6. Tembung sifat — Subjek + be + Tembung sifat — Sabjek + Bii + Adjektiv — The book is big. — Dhə buk iz big — Buku kuwi gedhé.

7. Tembung katrangan — Subjek + Tembung kriya + Tembung katrangan — Sabjek + Verb + Adverb — He reads quickly. — Hii riidz kwikli — Dhèwèké maca kanthi cepet.

8. Objek langsung + Tembung katrangan — Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek langsung + Tembung katrangan — Sabjek + Verb + Dairek Objek + Adverb — I read a book quickly. — Ai riid ə buk kwikli — Aku maca buku kanthi cepet.

9. Katrangan wektu — Subjek + Tembung kriya + Katrangan wektu — Sabjek + Verb + Taim Adverb — I work today. — Ai werk tədei — Aku kerja dina iki.

10. Katrangan panggonan — Subjek + Tembung kriya + Katrangan panggonan — Sabjek + Verb + Pleis Adverb — She lives there. — Syi livz dher — Dhèwèké manggon ing kana.

11. Frasa preposisional — Subjek + be + Frasa preposisional — Sabjek + Bii + Preposhional Freiz — The book is on the table. — Dhə buk iz on dhə teibl — Buku kuwi ana ing ndhuwur méja.

12. Objek langsung + Panggonan — Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek langsung + Katrangan panggonan — Sabjek + Verb + Dairek Objek + Pleis Freiz — I put a book on the table. — Ai put ə buk on dhə teibl — Aku nyelehake buku ing ndhuwur méja.

13. Panentu + Tembung aran — Panentu + Tembung aran — Diterminer + Naun — This book is new. — Dhis buk iz nyuu — Buku iki anyar.

14. Panentu + Tembung sifat + Tembung aran — Panentu + Tembung sifat + Tembung aran — Diterminer + Adjektiv + Naun — This big book is new. — Dhis big buk iz nyuu — Buku gedhé iki anyar.

15. Angka + Tembung aran — Angka + Tembung aran — Numeral + Naun — Two books are new. — Tuu buks ar nyuu — Rong buku kuwi anyar.

16. Panggabungan — Subjek + Tembung kriya + and + Subjek + Tembung kriya — Sabjek + Verb + End + Sabjek + Verb — I read and he writes. — Ai riid end hii raits — Aku maca lan dhèwèké nulis.

17. Panggabungan kanthi objek — Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek langsung + and + Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek langsung — Sabjek + Verb + Dairek Objek + End + Sabjek + Verb + Dairek Objek — I read a book and he writes a letter. — Ai riid ə buk end hii raits ə letter — Aku maca buku lan dhèwèké nulis layang.

18. Ukara pasif — Subjek + be + Wujud katelu tembung kriya — Sabjek + Bii + V Thrii — The book is read. — Dhə buk iz red — Buku kuwi diwaca.

19. Ukara pasif + Pelaku — Subjek + be + Wujud katelu tembung kriya + by + Pelaku — Sabjek + Bii + V Thrii + Bai + Eijent — The book is read by the teacher. — Dhə buk iz red bai dhə tiicher — Buku kuwi diwaca déning guru.

20. Ukara pasif + Objek ora langsung — Subjek + be + Wujud katelu tembung kriya + to + Objek ora langsung — Sabjek + Bii + V Thrii + Tuu + Indairek Objek — The book is given to him. — Dhə buk iz given tuu him — Buku kuwi diwènèhaké marang dhèwèké.

21. Ukara pasif + Objek ora langsung + Pelaku — Subjek + be + Wujud katelu tembung kriya + to + Objek ora langsung + by + Pelaku — Sabjek + Bii + V Thrii + Tuu + Indairek Objek + Bai + Eijent — The book is given to him by the teacher. — Dhə buk iz given tuu him bai dhə tiicher — Buku kuwi diwènèhaké marang dhèwèké déning guru.

22. Ukara pasif + Tembung katrangan — Subjek + be + Wujud katelu tembung kriya + Tembung katrangan — Sabjek + Bii + V Thrii + Adverb — The book is read now. — Dhə buk iz red nau — Buku kuwi diwaca saiki.

23. Ukara pasif + Panggonan — Subjek + be + Wujud katelu tembung kriya + Katrangan panggonan — Sabjek + Bii + V Thrii + Lokeyshən — The book is put on the table. — Dhə buk iz put on dhə teibl — Buku kuwi dilebokaké ing ndhuwur méja.

24. Ukara pasif + Pelaku + Katrangan wektu — Subjek + be + Wujud katelu tembung kriya + by + Pelaku + Katrangan wektu — Sabjek + Bii + V Thrii + Bai + Eijent + Taim Adverb — The book is read by the teacher today. — Dhə buk iz red bai dhə tiicher tədei — Buku kuwi diwaca déning guru dina iki.

25. Ukara pasif + Objek ora langsung + Pelaku + Katrangan wektu — Subjek + be + Wujud katelu tembung kriya + to + Objek ora langsung + by + Pelaku + Katrangan wektu — Sabjek + Bii + V Thrii + Tuu + Indairek Objek + Bai + Eijent + Taim Adverb — The book is given to the student by the teacher today. — Dhə buk iz given tuu dhə student bai dhə tiicher tədei — Buku kuwi diwènèhaké marang murid déning guru dina iki.

26. Ukara pasif present perfect — Subjek + has/have been + Wujud katelu tembung kriya — Sabjek + Hez/Hev Bin + V Thrii — The book has been read. — Dhə buk hez bin red — Buku kuwi wis diwaca.

27. Ukara pasif present perfect + Pelaku — Subjek + has/have been + Wujud katelu tembung kriya + by + Pelaku — Sabjek + Hez/Hev Bin + V Thrii + Bai + Eijent — The book has been read by the teacher. — Dhə buk hez bin red bai dhə tiicher — Buku kuwi wis diwaca déning guru.

28. Ukara pasif wektu mbésuk — Subjek + will be + Wujud katelu tembung kriya + Wektu — Sabjek + Wil Bii + V Thrii + Taim — The book will be read tomorrow. — Dhə buk wil bii red təmarou — Buku kuwi bakal diwaca sesuk.

29. Ukara pasif wektu mbésuk + Pelaku — Subjek + will be + Wujud katelu tembung kriya + by + Pelaku + Wektu — Sabjek + Wil Bii + V Thrii + Bai + Eijent + Taim — The book will be read by the teacher tomorrow. — Dhə buk wil bii red bai dhə tiicher təmarou — Buku kuwi bakal diwaca déning guru sesuk.

30. Ukara pasif nganggo tembung modal — Subjek + Tembung modal + be + Wujud katelu tembung kriya — Sabjek + Modal Verb + Bii + V Thrii — The book must be read. — Dhə buk mast bii red — Buku kuwi kudu diwaca.

31. Ukara negatif — Subjek + Tembung kriya bantu + not + Tembung kriya — Sabjek + Oksilieri Verb + Not + Verb — I do not read a book. — Ai duu not riid ə buk — Aku ora maca buku.

32. Ukara pasif negatif — Subjek + be + not + Wujud katelu tembung kriya + by + Pelaku — Sabjek + Bii + Not + V Thrii + Bai + Eijent — The book is not read by the teacher. — Dhə buk iz not red bai dhə tiicher — Buku kuwi ora diwaca déning guru.

33. Pitakon ya/ora — Tembung kriya bantu + Subjek + Tembung kriya? — Oksilieri Verb + Sabjek + Verb? — Do you read a book? — Duu yuu riid ə buk? — Apa kowé maca buku?

34. Pitakon ukara pasif — be + Subjek + Wujud katelu tembung kriya? — Bii + Sabjek + V Thrii? — Is the book being read? — Iz dhə buk biiing red? — Apa buku kuwi lagi diwaca?

35. Pitakon babagan Subjek — who + Tembung kriya + Objek langsung? — Huu + Verb + Dairek Objek? — Who reads the book? — Huu riidz dhə buk? — Sapa sing maca buku kuwi?

36. Pitakon babagan Objek ora langsung — who/whom + Tembung kriya bantu + Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek langsung + to? — Huu/Huum + Oksilieri Verb + Sabjek + Verb + Dairek Objek + Tuu? — Who do you give the book to? — Huu duu yuu giv dhə buk tuu? — Kowé menehi buku kuwi marang sapa?

37. Ukara dhawuh — Tembung kriya + ...! — Verb + ...! — Read! — Riid! — Macanen!

38. Ukara dhawuh + Objek ora langsung — Tembung kriya + Objek langsung + to + Objek ora langsung! — Verb + Dairek Objek + Tuu + Indairek Objek! — Give the book to him! — Giv dhə buk tuu him! — Wènèhana buku kuwi marang dhèwèké!

39. Ukara dhawuh pasif — let + Objek langsung + be + Wujud katelu tembung kriya! — Let + Dairek Objek + Bii + V Thrii! — Let the book be read! — Let dhə buk bii red! — Buku kuwi supaya diwaca!

40. Infinitif — to + Tembung kriya — Tuu + Verb — to read — Tuu riid — maca / kanggo maca.

41. Infinitif + Objek langsung — to + Tembung kriya + Objek langsung — Tuu + Verb + Dairek Objek — to read a book — Tuu riid ə buk — maca buku.

42. Infinitif + Objek langsung tartamtu — to + Tembung kriya + Objek langsung tartamtu — Tuu + Verb + Spesifik Dairek Objek — to read the book — Tuu riid dhə buk — maca buku kuwi.

43. Tujuan — Subjek + Tembung kriya + to + Tembung kriya — Sabjek + Verb + Tuu + Verb — I eat to play. — Ai iit tuu plei — Aku mangan supaya bisa dolanan.

44. Ukara relatif — Tembung aran + Tembung relatif + Ukara — Naun + Relativ Werd + Kloz — The book that I read is interesting. — Dhə buk dhæt ai riid iz intristing — Buku sing takwaca kuwi menarik.

45. Ukara relatif pasif — Tembung aran + Tembung relatif + Ukara pasif — Naun + Relativ Werd + Vois — The book that is being read by the teacher is interesting. — Dhə buk dhæt iz biiing red bai dhə tiicher iz intristing — Buku sing lagi diwaca déning guru kuwi menarik.

46. Ukara syarat — if + Ukara, Subjek + Tembung kriya — If + Kloz, Sabjek + Verb — If I have time, I read. — If ai hæv taim, ai riid — Yen aku nduwé wektu, aku maca.

47. Ukara syarat + Ukara pasif — if + Subjek + be + Wujud katelu tembung kriya, Subjek + Tembung kriya — If + Sabjek + Bii + V Thrii, Sabjek + Verb — If the book is read, he learns. — If dhə buk iz red, hii lernz — Yen buku kuwi diwaca, dhèwèké sinau.

48. Omongan ora langsung — Subjek + Tembung kriya + that + Subjek + Tembung kriya — Sabjek + Verb + Dhæt + Sabjek + Verb — He said that he was reading. — Hii sed dhæt hii wəz riiding — Dhèwèké kandha yèn dhèwèké lagi maca.

49. Pitakon ora langsung — Subjek + Tembung kriya + if/whether + Subjek + Tembung kriya — Sabjek + Verb + If/Wedher + Sabjek + Verb — He asked if I was reading. — Hii askt if ai wəz riiding — Dhèwèké takon apa aku lagi maca.

50. Dhawuh utawa panyuwunan ora langsung — Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek + to + Tembung kriya — Sabjek + Verb + Objek + Tuu + Verb — He asked me to read. — Hii askt mii tuu riid — Dhèwèké njaluk aku maca.

Tembung katrangan:

1. Cara (Manner): Tembung katrangan cara dumunung sawisé tembung kriya utawa objek. Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek + Tembung katrangan. I read the book quickly. — Ai riid dhə buk kwikli. — Aku maca buku kuwi kanthi cepet.

2. Panggonan (Place): Tembung katrangan panggonan dumunung sawisé tembung kriya utawa objek. Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek + Panggonan. I read the book at home. — Ai riid dhə buk æt houm. — Aku maca buku kuwi ing omah.

3. Wektu (Time): Tembung katrangan wektu lumrahe dumunung ing pungkasan utawa wiwitan ukara. Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek + Wektu. I read the book yesterday. — Ai riid dhə buk yesterdei. — Aku maca buku kuwi wingi.

4. Frekuensi (Frequency): Tembung katrangan frekuensi lumrahe dumunung sadurungé tembung kriya utama. Subjek + Tembung katrangan frekuensi + Tembung kriya. I often read books. — Ai ofən riid buks. — Aku kerep maca buku.

5. Frekuensi + be (Frequency + be): Tembung katrangan frekuensi dumunung sawisé tembung kriya be. Subjek + Tembung kriya be + Tembung katrangan frekuensi. He is always happy. — Hii iz olweiz hæpi. — Dhèwèké tansah bungah.

6. Frekuensi + Tembung kriya bantu (Frequency + auxiliary): Tembung katrangan frekuensi dumunung sawisé tembung kriya bantu kapisan. Subjek + Tembung kriya bantu + Tembung katrangan frekuensi + Tembung kriya. I have never seen it. — Ai hæv never siin it. — Aku durung tau ndeleng kuwi.

7. Tingkat (Degree): Tembung katrangan tingkat dumunung sadurungé tembung sifat utawa tembung katrangan sing diterangaké. Subjek + Tembung katrangan tingkat + Tembung sifat / Tembung katrangan. It is very good. — It iz veri gud. — Kuwi apik banget.

8. Tingkat + Tembung kriya (Degree + verb): Gumantung panganggoné, tembung katrangan tingkat bisa dumunung sadurungé utawa sawisé tembung kriya. Subjek + Tembung kriya + Tembung katrangan. I really like it. — Ai rieli laik it. — Aku pancèn seneng kuwi.

9. Tembung katrangan ukara (Sentence adverb): Tembung iki bisa dumunung ing wiwitan, tengah, utawa pungkasan ukara lan nuduhaké sikapé panutur marang kabèh ukara. Tembung katrangan + Ukara. Fortunately, I won. — Forchunətli, ai wan. — Untungé, aku menang.

10. Tembung katrangan komentar (Comment adverb): Tembung iki lumrahe dumunung ing wiwitan ukara lan nuduhaké panemu utawa komentar panutur. Tembung katrangan + Ukara. Honestly, I don't know. — Onistli, ai dount nou. — Terus terang, aku ora ngerti.

11. Tembung katrangan panyambung (Linking adverb): Tembung iki lumrahe dumunung ing wiwitan utawa tengah ukara lan nyambungaké rong gagasan utawa ukara. Ukara + Tembung katrangan panyambung + Ukara. I was tired; however, I worked. — Ai wəz taiərd; hauever, ai werkt. — Aku kesel; nanging aku tetep kerja.

12. Arah (Direction): Tembung katrangan arah dumunung sawisé tembung kriya utawa objek. Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek + Tembung katrangan arah. She went outside. — Syi went autsaid. — Dhèwèké lunga menyang njaba.

13. Frekuensi tartamtu (Definite frequency): Katrangan frekuensi tartamtu bisa dumunung ing wiwitan utawa pungkasan ukara. Katrangan wektu + Ukara. I go there every day. — Ai gou dher evri dei. — Aku lunga menyang kana saben dina.

14. Dawa wektu (Duration): Katrangan dawa wektu lumrahe dumunung ing pungkasan ukara. Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek + Dawa wektu. I studied for two hours. — Ai stadid for tuu auərz. — Aku sinau rong jam.

15. Tujuan (Purpose): Katrangan tujuan lumrahe dumunung ing pungkasan ukara lan nerangaké sebab sawijining tumindak. Ukara + Tujuan. I went there to study. — Ai went dher tuu stadi. — Aku lunga menyang kana kanggo sinau.

OBJEK ORA LANGSUNG: Indirect Object

# — Jinis — Pola — Pangucapan pola nganggo aksara Latin — Tuladha — Pangucapan tuladha — Terjemahan

1. Objek ora langsung sadurungé objek langsung — Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek ora langsung + Objek langsung — Sabjek + Verb + Indairek Objek + Dairek Objek — I gave him a book. — Ai geiv him ə buk — Aku menehi buku marang dhèwèké.

2. Objek langsung + to + Objek ora langsung — Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek langsung + to + Objek ora langsung — Sabjek + Verb + Dairek Objek + Tuu + Indairek Objek — I gave a book to him. — Ai geiv ə buk tuu him — Aku menehi buku marang dhèwèké.

3. Objek ora langsung sadurungé objek langsung — Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek ora langsung + Objek langsung — Sabjek + Verb + Indairek Objek + Dairek Objek — She sent me a letter. — Syi sent mii ə letter — Dhèwèké ngirim layang marang aku.

4. Objek langsung + to + Objek ora langsung — Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek langsung + to + Objek ora langsung — Sabjek + Verb + Dairek Objek + Tuu + Indairek Objek — She sent a letter to me. — Syi sent ə letter tuu mii — Dhèwèké ngirim layang marang aku.

5. Objek ora langsung sadurungé objek langsung nganggo makna kanggo — Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek ora langsung + Objek langsung — Sabjek + Verb + Indairek Objek + Dairek Objek — I bought her a gift. — Ai bot her ə gift — Aku tuku hadiah kanggo dhèwèké.

6. Objek langsung + for + Objek ora langsung — Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek langsung + for + Objek ora langsung — Sabjek + Verb + Dairek Objek + For + Indairek Objek — I bought a gift for her. — Ai bot ə gift for her — Aku tuku hadiah kanggo dhèwèké.

7. Objek ora langsung ing ukara pasif — Objek ora langsung + be + Wujud katelu tembung kriya + Objek langsung — Indairek Objek + Bii + V Thrii + Dairek Objek — He was given a book. — Hii wəz given ə buk — Dhèwèké diwènèhi buku.

8. Objek langsung ing ukara pasif + to + Objek ora langsung — Objek langsung + be + Wujud katelu tembung kriya + to + Objek ora langsung — Dairek Objek + Bii + V Thrii + Tuu + Indairek Objek — A book was given to him. — Ə buk wəz given tuu him — Buku diwènèhaké marang dhèwèké.

9. Pitakon babagan objek ora langsung — Tembung pitakon + Tembung kriya bantu + Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek langsung + to? — Huu + Duu/Daz/Did + Sabjek + Verb + Dairek Objek + Tuu? — Who did you give it to? — Huu did yuu giv it tuu? — Kowé menehi barang kuwi marang sapa?

10. Pitakon resmi babagan objek ora langsung — To whom + Tembung kriya bantu + Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek langsung? — Tuu Huum + Oksilieri + Sabjek + Verb + Dairek Objek? — To whom did you give it? — Tuu huum did yuu giv it? — Marang sapa kowé menehi barang kuwi?

GENITIF: Kepemilikan / Hubungan

# — Jinis — Pola — Pangucapan pola nganggo aksara Latin — Tuladha — Pangucapan tuladha — Terjemahan

1. Kepemilikan tunggal — Tembung aran + 's + Tembung aran — Naun + Iz + Naun — John's car — Jonz kar — Mobilé John.

2. Kepemilikan nganggo of — Tembung aran + of + Tembung aran — Naun + Ov + Naun — the car of John — Dhə kar ov Jon — Mobilé John.

3. Kepemilikan jamak teratur — Tembung aran jamak + ' + Tembung aran — Plural Naun + Apostrofi + Naun — students' books — Stuudents buks — Buku-bukuné para murid.

4. Kepemilikan jamak ora teratur — Tembung aran + 's + Tembung aran — Naun + Iz + Naun — children's toys — Childrənz toiz — Dolanané bocah-bocah.

5. Kepemilikan nganggo of — Tembung aran + of + Tembung aran — Naun + Ov + Naun — the roof of the house — Dhə ruuf ov dhə haus — Payon omah.

6. Panentu kepemilikan — Panentu kepemilikan + Tembung aran — Pəzesiv Diterminer + Naun — my car — Mai kar — Mobilku.

7. Kepemilikan mandiri — Pronomina kepemilikan mandiri — Pəzesiv Pronoun — The car is mine. — Dhə kar iz main — Mobil kuwi duwèkku.

8. Kepemilikan nganggo of + pronomina mandiri — Tembung aran + of + Pronomina kepemilikan mandiri — Naun + Ov + Pəzesiv Pronoun — a friend of mine — Ə frend ov main — Salah siji kancaku.

9. Kepemilikan wektu — Tembung aran wektu + 's + Tembung aran — Taim Naun + Iz + Naun — today's news — Tədeiz nyuuz — Pawarta dina iki.

10. Ukuran wektu jamak — Angka + Satuan ukuran + ' + Tembung aran — Numeral + Yunit + Apostrofi + Naun — two weeks' vacation — Tuu wiiks vəkeishən — Preinan rong minggu.

11. Pitakon kepemilikan — whose + Tembung aran? — Huuz + Naun? — Whose book? — Huuz buk? — Buku sapa?

12. Kepemilikan ing ukara relatif — whose + Tembung aran + Ukara — Huuz + Naun + Kloz — the man whose car... — Dhə men huuz kar... — Wong lanang sing mobilé...

13. Kepemilikan bebarengan — Tembung aran pisanan + and + Tembung aran kapindho + 's + Tembung aran — Naun + End + Naun + Iz + Naun — John and Mary's house — Jon end Meriz haus — Omahé John lan Mary sing diduwèni bebarengan.

14. Kepemilikan kapisah — Tembung aran pisanan + 's + and + Tembung aran kapindho + 's + Tembung aran — Naun + Iz + End + Naun + Iz + Naun — John's and Mary's houses — Jonz end Meriz hauziz — Omah-omahé John lan Mary sing diduwèni kanthi kapisah.

PRONOMINA KEPEMILIKAN MANDIRI (INDEPENDENT POSSESSIVES)

Wong — Panentu kepemilikan — Pangucapan panentu kepemilikan — Pronomina kepemilikan mandiri — Pangucapan pronomina — Tuladha lengkap — Pangucapan tuladha — Terjemahan

I = Aku — my — Mai — mine — Main — This book is mine. — Dhis buk iz main — Buku iki duwèkku.

you = Kowé — your — Yor — yours — Yorz — This book is yours. — Dhis buk iz yorz — Buku iki duwèkmu.

he = Dhèwèké (lanang) — his — Hiz — his — Hiz — This book is his. — Dhis buk iz hiz — Buku iki duwèké.

she = Dhèwèké (wadon) — her — Her — hers — Herz — This book is hers. — Dhis buk iz herz — Buku iki duwèké.

it = Iki/dheweke kanggo barang utawa kéwan — its — Its — Ora ana pronomina kepemilikan mandiri sing lumrah — — The dog hurt its leg. — Dhə dog hert its leg — Asu kuwi tatu sikilé.

we = Kita / Aku lan wong liya — our — Auer — ours — Auerz — This book is ours. — Dhis buk iz auerz — Buku iki duwèké kita.

they = Wong-wong kuwi — their — Dher — theirs — Dherz — This book is theirs. — Dhis buk iz dherz — Buku iki duwèké wong-wong kuwi.

The book is the boy's. = Buku kuwi duwèké bocah lanang kuwi.

The book is for the boy. = Buku kuwi kanggo bocah lanang kuwi.

WAS GOING TO: Arep nindakake / Wis arep nindakake

Pronomina — Pola — Pangucapan pola nganggo aksara Latin — Tuladha — Pangucapan tuladha — Tegesé

I = Aku — Aku + was going to + Tembung kriya — Ai + Wəz Gouing Tuu + Verb — I was going to eat. — Ai wəz gouing tuu iit — Aku mau arep mangan.

you = Kowé — Kowé + were going to + Tembung kriya — Yuu + Wer Gouing Tuu + Verb — You were going to eat. — Yuu wer gouing tuu iit — Kowé mau arep mangan.

he = Dhèwèké (lanang) — Dhèwèké + was going to + Tembung kriya — Hii + Wəz Gouing Tuu + Verb — He was going to eat. — Hii wəz gouing tuu iit — Dhèwèké mau arep mangan.

she = Dhèwèké (wadon) — Dhèwèké + was going to + Tembung kriya — Syi + Wəz Gouing Tuu + Verb — She was going to eat. — Syi wəz gouing tuu iit — Dhèwèké mau arep mangan.

it = Iki/dheweke kanggo barang utawa kéwan — Iki + was going to + Tembung kriya — It + Wəz Gouing Tuu + Verb — It was going to rain. — It wəz gouing tuu rein — Udan wis arep tiba.

we = Kita — Kita + were going to + Tembung kriya — Wii + Wer Gouing Tuu + Verb — We were going to eat. — Wii wer gouing tuu iit — Kita mau arep mangan.

they = Wong-wong kuwi — Wong-wong kuwi + were going to + Tembung kriya — Dhe + Wer Gouing Tuu + Verb — They were going to eat. — Dhe wer gouing tuu iit — Wong-wong kuwi mau arep mangan.

Was about to / Were about to — Iki digunakaké kanggo nuduhaké yèn sawijining kedadéan wis meh kelakon.

Was about to = Ana bab sing meh kelakon.

Was supposed to = Ana bab sing kuduné ditindakake, nanging ana sing ngalangi utawa kedadéané béda.

I was supposed to clean up today, but due to the bad weather, I am not. = Aku kuduné resik-resik dina iki, nanging amarga cuaca ala, aku ora bisa nindakake.

3- Tembung Aran (NOUNS)

Jinis — Pola — Tuladha — Pangucapan — Terjemahan

Jamak — Tembung aran + s — books — Buks — Buku-buku.

Jamak — Tembung aran + es — boxes — Boksiz — Kothak-kothak.

Tunggal nganggo panentu — the + Tembung aran — the book — Dhə buk — Buku kuwi.

Jamak nganggo panentu — the + Tembung aran jamak — the books — Dhə buks — Buku-buku kuwi.

Tunggal tanpa panentu tartamtu — a + Tembung aran — a book — Ə buk — Sawijining buku.

Tunggal tanpa panentu tartamtu (yen tembung sabanjuré diwiwiti swara vokal) — an + Tembung aran — an apple — Ən æpəl — Apel.

Objek ora langsung — Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek ora langsung + Objek langsung — I give him the book. — Ai giv him dhə buk — Aku menehi buku kuwi marang dhèwèké.

Objek ora langsung nganggo to — Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek langsung + to + Objek ora langsung — I give the book to him. — Ai giv dhə buk tuu him — Aku menehi buku kuwi marang dhèwèké.

Kepemilikan — Tembung aran sing nduwèni + 's + Tembung aran sing diduwèni — John's car — Jonz kar — Mobilé John.

Kepemilikan jamak — Tembung aran jamak sing nduwèni + s' + Tembung aran sing diduwèni — the boys' books — Dhə boiz buks — Buku-bukuné bocah lanang.

Kepemilikan nganggo of — Tembung aran sing diduwèni + of + Tembung aran sing nduwèni — the door of the house — Dhə dor ov dhə haus — Lawangé omah.

Pungkasan tembung — Apa sing ditambahaké? — Tuladha — Pangucapan

Akèh tembung — -s — book → books — Buk → Buks

s — -es — bus → buses — Bas → Basiz

ss — -es — class → classes — Klas → Klasiz

sh — -es — dish → dishes — Dish → Dishiz

ch — -es — watch → watches — Woch → Wochiz

x — -es — box → boxes — Boks → Boksiz

z — -es — quiz → quizzes — Kwiz → Kwiziz

Konsonan + y — -ies — baby → babies — Beibi → Beibiz

Vokal + y — -s — boy → boys — Boi → Boiz

Sawetara tembung sing pungkasané f/fe — -ves — knife → knives — Naif → Naivz

Sawetara tembung sing pungkasané f/fe — -s — roof → roofs — Ruuf → Ruufs

Yen tembung aran ora tartamtu lan ora bisa diitung, lumrahe ora nganggo a/an. Kanggo tembung aran jamak, a/an uga ora digunakaké.

OBJEK ORA LANGSUNG: Indirect Object

Ana telung pola dhasar kanggo nyelehake objek ora langsung ing basa Inggris:

1- Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek ora langsung + Objek langsung — Sabjek + Verb + Indairek Objek + Dairek Objek

I give a boy a book. = Aku menehi buku marang bocah lanang.

2- Subjek + Tembung kriya + Objek langsung + to + Objek ora langsung — Sabjek + Verb + Dairek Objek + Tuu + Indairek Objek

I give a book to a boy. = Aku menehi buku marang bocah lanang.

3- Subjek + Tembung kriya + to + Objek ora langsung + Objek langsung — Sabjek + Verb + Tuu + Indairek Objek + Dairek Objek

I give to a boy a book. = Aku menehi buku marang bocah lanang.

Pola iki krasa ora lumrah ing basa Inggris modern. Pola kapisan lan kapindho luwih kerep digunakaké.

GENITIF: Kepemilikan

Ana rong pola dhasar kanggo nyatakaké kepemilikan ing basa Inggris:

1- Sing nduwèni + 's + Barang sing diduwèni — Aunerz + Iz + Pəzeshen

The boy's book = Buku duwèké bocah lanang kuwi.

2- Barang sing diduwèni + of + Sing nduwèni — Pəzeshen + Ov + Auner

The book of the boy = Buku duwèké bocah lanang kuwi.

3- Adjektiva (ADJECTIVES)

Jinis adjektiva Gawéyan / pola Transliterasi pocapan pola nganggo basa Jawa Conto Transliterasi pocapan conto Tegesé

Adjektiva deskriptif Adjektiva + nomina Adjektiv + Naun a beautiful house A byutiful haus Omah sing éndah

Adjektiva kuantitatif Kuantitas + nomina Kwantiti + Naun many books Meni buks Akeh buku

Adjektiva numerik Nomer + nomina Namber + Naun three books Thrii buks Telung buku

Adjektiva demonstratif this/that/these/those + nomina Dis/Dhet/Diiz/Dhooz + Naun this book Dis buk Buku iki

Adjektiva posesif my/your/his/her/its/our/their + nomina Mai/Yor/His/Her/Its/Awer/Dher + Naun my car Mai kar Mobilku

Adjektiva interogatif which/what/whose + nomina Wich/Wot/Hoouz + Naun which book? Wich buk? Buku endi?

Adjektiva indefinit Tembung ora mesthi + nomina Indefinit werd + Naun some books Sam buks Sawetara buku

Adjektiva distributif each/every/either/neither + nomina Iich/Evri/Aidher/Naidher + Naun each student Iich student Saben murid

Adjektiva sing asalé saka jeneng khusus Jeneng khusus → adjektiva Proper naun → adjektiv English language Inggrish lenggwij Basa Inggris

Adjektiva majemuk Tembung + tembung Werd + werd a well-known actor A wel-noun akter Aktor sing misuwur

Adjektiva saka partisipel saiki utawa kepungkur V-ing / V-ed Vii-ing / Vii-ed a boring movie A boring muvi Film sing mboseni

Adjektiva komparatif Adjektiva + er / more + adjektiva Adjektiv + er / mor + adjektiv bigger house Biger haus Omah sing luwih gedhé

Adjektiva superlatif Adjektiva + est / most + adjektiva Adjektiv + ist / moust + adjektiv the biggest house Dhe bigist haus Omah sing paling gedhé

Adjektiva koordinatif Adjektiva + koma + adjektiva + nomina Adjektiv + koma + adjektiv + naun a long, difficult journey A long, difikalt jerni Lelungan sing dawa lan angel

Adjektiva atributif Adjektiva + nomina Adjektiv + naun a red car A red kar Mobil abang

Adjektiva predikatif Subjek + be + adjektiva Sabjek + bii + adjektiv The car is red. Dhe kar iz red Mobilé abang.

Adjektiva sawisé nomina Nomina + adjektiva Naun + adjektiv something interesting Samthing intristing Soko sing menarik

Adjektiva mandiri Adjektiva Adjektiv perfect Perfekt Sampurna / becik banget

Adjektiva penegas Adjektiva + nomina Adjektiv + naun my own car Mai oun kar Mobilku dhéwé

Adjektiva eksklamatif what + adjektiva + nomina Wot + adjektiv + naun What a beautiful day! Wot a byutiful dei! Dina sing éndah banget!

1. Simple Present — wektu saiki prasaja

Pola: Subjek + am/is/are + pelengkap

Transliterasi pola: Sabjek + em/iz/ar + kompliment

Pronomina Pola Conto Transliterasi pocapan conto Tegesé

I I am I am happy. Ai em hepi Aku seneng.

You You are You are happy. Yu ar hepi Kowé seneng.

He He is He is happy. Hii iz hepi Dheweke lanang seneng.

She She is She is happy. Shii iz hepi Dheweke wadon seneng.

It It is It is cold. It iz kould Cuacané adhem.

We We are We are happy. Wii ar hepi Kita seneng.

You You are You are happy. Yu ar hepi Kowé kabèh seneng.

They They are They are happy. Dhei ar hepi Dheweke kabèh seneng.

2. Simple Past — wektu kepungkur prasaja

Pola: Subjek + was/were + pelengkap

Transliterasi pola: Sabjek + woz/wer + kompliment

Pronomina Pola Conto Transliterasi pocapan conto Tegesé

I I was I was happy. Ai woz hepi Aku biyèn seneng.

You You were You were happy. Yu wer hepi Kowé biyèn seneng.

He He was He was happy. Hii woz hepi Dheweke lanang biyèn seneng.

She She was She was happy. Shii woz hepi Dheweke wadon biyèn seneng.

It It was It was cold. It woz kould Biyèn adhem.

We We were We were happy. Wii wer hepi Kita biyèn seneng.

You You were You were happy. Yu wer hepi Kowé kabèh biyèn seneng.

They They were They were happy. Dhei wer hepi Dheweke kabèh biyèn seneng.

3. Simple Future — wektu mbésuk prasaja

Pola: Subjek + will be + pelengkap

Transliterasi pola: Sabjek + wil bii + kompliment

Pronomina Pola Conto Transliterasi pocapan conto Tegesé

I I will be I will be happy. Ai wil bii hepi Aku bakal seneng.

You You will be You will be happy. Yu wil bii hepi Kowé bakal seneng.

He He will be He will be happy. Hii wil bii hepi Dheweke lanang bakal seneng.

She She will be She will be happy. Shii wil bii hepi Dheweke wadon bakal seneng.

It It will be It will be cold. It wil bii kould Bakal adhem.

We We will be We will be happy. Wii wil bii hepi Kita bakal seneng.

You You will be You will be happy. Yu wil bii hepi Kowé kabèh bakal seneng.

They They will be They will be happy. Dhei wil bii hepi Dheweke kabèh bakal seneng.

4. Present Continuous — wektu saiki lagi lumaku

Pola: Subjek + am/is/are being + pelengkap

Transliterasi pola: Sabjek + em/iz/ar bii-ing + kompliment

Pronomina Pola Conto Transliterasi pocapan conto Tegesé

I I am being I am being careful. Ai em bii-ing kerful Aku lagi tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

You You are being You are being careful. Yu ar bii-ing kerful Kowé lagi tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

He He is being He is being careful. Hii iz bii-ing kerful Dheweke lanang lagi tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

She She is being She is being careful. Shii iz bii-ing kerful Dheweke wadon lagi tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

It It is being It is being repaired. It iz bii-ing riperd Barang kuwi lagi didandani.

We We are being We are being careful. Wii ar bii-ing kerful Kita lagi tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

You You are being You are being careful. Yu ar bii-ing kerful Kowé kabèh lagi tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

They They are being They are being careful. Dhei ar bii-ing kerful Dheweke kabèh lagi tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

5. Past Continuous — wektu kepungkur lagi lumaku

Pola: Subjek + was/were being + pelengkap

Transliterasi pola: Sabjek + woz/wer bii-ing + kompliment

Pronomina Pola Conto Transliterasi pocapan conto Tegesé

I I was being I was being careful. Ai woz bii-ing kerful Aku biyèn tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

You You were being You were being careful. Yu wer bii-ing kerful Kowé biyèn tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

He He was being He was being careful. Hii woz bii-ing kerful Dheweke lanang biyèn tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

She She was being She was being careful. Shii woz bii-ing kerful Dheweke wadon biyèn tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

It It was being It was being repaired. It woz bii-ing riperd Barang kuwi biyèn lagi didandani.

We We were being We were being careful. Wii wer bii-ing kerful Kita biyèn tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

You You were being You were being careful. Yu wer bii-ing kerful Kowé kabèh biyèn tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

They They were being They were being careful. Dhei wer bii-ing kerful Dheweke kabèh biyèn tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

6. Future Continuous — wektu mbésuk lagi lumaku

Pola: Subjek + will be being + pelengkap

Transliterasi pola: Sabjek + wil bii bii-ing + kompliment

Pronomina Conto Transliterasi pocapan conto Tegesé

I I will be being careful. Ai wil bii bii-ing kerful Aku bakal terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

You You will be being careful. Yu wil bii bii-ing kerful Kowé bakal terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

He He will be being careful. Hii wil bii bii-ing kerful Dheweke lanang bakal terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

She She will be being careful. Shii wil bii bii-ing kerful Dheweke wadon bakal terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

It It will be being repaired. It wil bii bii-ing riperd Barang kuwi bakal terus didandani.

We We will be being careful. Wii wil bii bii-ing kerful Kita bakal terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

You You will be being careful. Yu wil bii bii-ing kerful Kowé kabèh bakal terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

They They will be being careful. Dhei wil bii bii-ing kerful Dheweke kabèh bakal terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

Wektu iki bener miturut tata basa, nanging arang banget digunakaké ing basa Inggris saben dina.

7. Present Perfect — wektu saiki sampurna

Pola: Subjek + have/has been + pelengkap

Transliterasi pola: Sabjek + hev/hez bin + kompliment

Pronomina Conto Transliterasi pocapan conto Tegesé

I I have been happy. Ai hev bin hepi Aku wis seneng.

You You have been happy. Yu hev bin hepi Kowé wis seneng.

He He has been happy. Hii hez bin hepi Dheweke lanang wis seneng.

She She has been happy. Shii hez bin hepi Dheweke wadon wis seneng.

It It has been cold. It hez bin kould Cuacané wis adhem.

We We have been happy. Wii hev bin hepi Kita wis seneng.

You You have been happy. Yu hev bin hepi Kowé kabèh wis seneng.

They They have been happy. Dhei hev bin hepi Dheweke kabèh wis seneng.

8. Past Perfect — wektu kepungkur sampurna

Pola: Subjek + had been + pelengkap

Transliterasi pola: Sabjek + hed bin + kompliment

Pronomina Conto Transliterasi pocapan conto Tegesé

I I had been happy. Ai hed bin hepi Aku wis seneng sadurungé wektu kepungkur kasebut.

You You had been happy. Yu hed bin hepi Kowé wis seneng sadurungé wektu kepungkur kasebut.

He He had been happy. Hii hed bin hepi Dheweke lanang wis seneng sadurungé wektu kepungkur kasebut.

She She had been happy. Shii hed bin hepi Dheweke wadon wis seneng sadurungé wektu kepungkur kasebut.

It It had been cold. It hed bin kould Cuacané wis adhem sadurungé wektu kepungkur kasebut.

We We had been happy. Wii hed bin hepi Kita wis seneng sadurungé wektu kepungkur kasebut.

You You had been happy. Yu hed bin hepi Kowé kabèh wis seneng sadurungé wektu kepungkur kasebut.

They They had been happy. Dhei hed bin hepi Dheweke kabèh wis seneng sadurungé wektu kepungkur kasebut.

9. Future Perfect — wektu mbésuk sampurna

Pola: Subjek + will have been + pelengkap

Transliterasi pola: Sabjek + wil hev bin + kompliment

Pronomina Conto Transliterasi pocapan conto Tegesé

I I will have been happy. Ai wil hev bin hepi Aku bakal wis seneng ing wektu tartamtu ing mangsa ngarep.

You You will have been happy. Yu wil hev bin hepi Kowé bakal wis seneng ing wektu tartamtu ing mangsa ngarep.

He He will have been happy. Hii wil hev bin hepi Dheweke lanang bakal wis seneng ing wektu tartamtu ing mangsa ngarep.

She She will have been happy. Shii wil hev bin hepi Dheweke wadon bakal wis seneng ing wektu tartamtu ing mangsa ngarep.

It It will have been cold. It wil hev bin kould Cuacané bakal wis adhem ing wektu tartamtu ing mangsa ngarep.

We We will have been happy. Wii wil hev bin hepi Kita bakal wis seneng ing wektu tartamtu ing mangsa ngarep.

You You will have been happy. Yu wil hev bin hepi Kowé kabèh bakal wis seneng ing wektu tartamtu ing mangsa ngarep.

They They will have been happy. Dhei wil hev bin hepi Dheweke kabèh bakal wis seneng ing wektu tartamtu ing mangsa ngarep.

10. Present Perfect Continuous — wektu saiki sampurna sing terus lumaku

Pola: Subjek + have/has been being + pelengkap

Transliterasi pola: Sabjek + hev/hez bin bii-ing + kompliment

Pronomina Conto Transliterasi pocapan conto Tegesé

I I have been being careful. Ai hev bin bii-ing kerful Aku wis terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

You You have been being careful. Yu hev bin bii-ing kerful Kowé wis terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

He He has been being careful. Hii hez bin bii-ing kerful Dheweke lanang wis terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

She She has been being careful. Shii hez bin bii-ing kerful Dheweke wadon wis terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

It It has been being repaired. It hez bin bii-ing riperd Barang kuwi wis terus didandani.

We We have been being careful. Wii hev bin bii-ing kerful Kita wis terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

You You have been being careful. Yu hev bin bii-ing kerful Kowé kabèh wis terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

They They have been being careful. Dhei hev bin bii-ing kerful Dheweke kabèh wis terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati.

11. Past Perfect Continuous — wektu kepungkur sampurna sing terus lumaku

Pola: Subjek + had been being + pelengkap

Transliterasi pola: Sabjek + hed bin bii-ing + kompliment

Pronomina Conto Transliterasi pocapan conto Tegesé

I I had been being careful. Ai hed bin bii-ing kerful Aku wis terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati sadurungé wektu kepungkur kasebut.

You You had been being careful. Yu hed bin bii-ing kerful Kowé wis terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati sadurungé wektu kepungkur kasebut.

He He had been being careful. Hii hed bin bii-ing kerful Dheweke lanang wis terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati sadurungé wektu kepungkur kasebut.

She She had been being careful. Shii hed bin bii-ing kerful Dheweke wadon wis terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati sadurungé wektu kepungkur kasebut.

It It had been being repaired. It hed bin bii-ing riperd Barang kuwi wis terus didandani sadurungé wektu kepungkur kasebut.

We We had been being careful. Wii hed bin bii-ing kerful Kita wis terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati sadurungé wektu kepungkur kasebut.

You You had been being careful. Yu hed bin bii-ing kerful Kowé kabèh wis terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati sadurungé wektu kepungkur kasebut.

They They had been being careful. Dhei hed bin bii-ing kerful Dheweke kabèh wis terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati sadurungé wektu kepungkur kasebut.

12. Future Perfect Continuous — wektu mbésuk sampurna sing terus lumaku

Pola: Subjek + will have been being + pelengkap

Transliterasi pola: Sabjek + wil hev bin bii-ing + kompliment

Pronomina Conto Transliterasi pocapan conto Tegesé

I I will have been being careful. Ai wil hev bin bii-ing kerful Aku bakal wis terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati nganti wektu tartamtu ing mangsa ngarep.

You You will have been being careful. Yu wil hev bin bii-ing kerful Kowé bakal wis terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati nganti wektu tartamtu ing mangsa ngarep.

He He will have been being careful. Hii wil hev bin bii-ing kerful Dheweke lanang bakal wis terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati nganti wektu tartamtu ing mangsa ngarep.

She She will have been being careful. Shii wil hev bin bii-ing kerful Dheweke wadon bakal wis terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati nganti wektu tartamtu ing mangsa ngarep.

It It will have been being repaired. It wil hev bin bii-ing riperd Barang kuwi bakal wis terus didandani nganti wektu tartamtu ing mangsa ngarep.

We We will have been being careful. Wii wil hev bin bii-ing kerful Kita bakal wis terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati nganti wektu tartamtu ing mangsa ngarep.

You You will have been being careful. Yu wil hev bin bii-ing kerful Kowé kabèh bakal wis terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati nganti wektu tartamtu ing mangsa ngarep.

They They will have been being careful. Dhei wil hev bin bii-ing kerful Dheweke kabèh bakal wis terus tumindak kanthi ngati-ati nganti wektu tartamtu ing mangsa ngarep.

4- Tembung Ganti (PRONOUNS)

. Tembung ganti wong — kabeh wujud dhasar

Jinis / konsep Arab Struktur ing basa Arab Pocapan struktur nganggo aksara Latin Tembung ganti Pocapan Arti

Jinis subjek Tembung ganti subjek Subjek prounoun I Ai Aku

Jinis subjek Tembung ganti subjek Subjek prounoun you Yu Kowe / kowe kabeh

Jinis subjek Tembung ganti subjek Subjek prounoun he Hi Dheweke (lanang)

Jinis subjek Tembung ganti subjek Subjek prounoun she Syi Dheweke (wadon)

Jinis subjek Tembung ganti subjek Subjek prounoun it It Dheweke / kuwi kanggo barang utawa kewan

Jinis subjek Tembung ganti subjek Subjek prounoun we Wi Kita / awake dhewe

Jinis subjek Tembung ganti subjek Subjek prounoun they Dhei Dheweke kabeh

Tuladha

Tembung ganti Tuladha Pocapan Arti

I I read. Ai rid Aku maca.

you You work. Yu werk Kowe nyambut gawe.

he He sleeps. Hi slips Dheweke turu.

she She cooks. Syi kuks Dheweke masak.

it It works. It werks Kuwi bisa digunakake.

we We study. Wi stadi Kita sinau.

they They live here. Dhei liv hir Dheweke kabeh manggon ing kene.

2. Wujud objek — tumrap dheweke / nganggo kuwi

Tembung ganti objek digunakake minangka objek langsung utawa ora langsung ing ukara.

Konsep Arab Struktur ing basa Arab Pocapan struktur nganggo aksara Latin Tembung ganti Pocapan Arti

Objek Tembung ganti objek Objek pronoun me Mi Aku / marang aku

Objek Tembung ganti objek Objek pronoun you Yu Kowe / marang kowe

Objek Tembung ganti objek Objek pronoun him Him Dheweke (lanang) / marang dheweke

Objek Tembung ganti objek Objek pronoun her Her Dheweke (wadon) / marang dheweke

Objek Tembung ganti objek Objek pronoun it It Kuwi / marang barang utawa kewan

Objek Tembung ganti objek Objek pronoun us As Kita / marang kita

Objek Tembung ganti objek Objek pronoun them Dhem Dheweke kabeh / marang dheweke kabeh

Tuladha

Tuladha Pocapan Arti

She called me. Syi kold mi Dheweke nelpon aku.

I saw you. Ai so yu Aku weruh kowe.

We helped him. Wi helpt him Kita nulungi dheweke.

I know her. Ai nou her Aku kenal dheweke.

I bought it. Ai bot it Aku tuku kuwi.

He invited us. Hi invaitid as Dheweke ngajak kita.

She called them. Syi kold dhem Dheweke nelpon dheweke kabeh.

3. Tembung ganti kepemilikan sadurunge tembung aran

Wujud iki biasane diarani tembung sifat kepemilikan, lan digunakake sadurunge tembung aran.

Konsep Arab Struktur Pocapan struktur Tembung ganti Pocapan Arti

Kepemilikan my + noun Mai + naun my Mai Duweku / kagunganku

Kepemilikan your + noun Yor + naun your Yor Duwe kowe

Kepemilikan his + noun Hiz + naun his Hiz Duwe dheweke (lanang)

Kepemilikan her + noun Her + naun her Her Duwe dheweke (wadon)

Kepemilikan its + noun Its + naun its Its Duwene barang utawa kewan

Kepemilikan our + noun Auer + naun our Auer Duwe kita

Kepemilikan their + noun Dher + naun their Dher Duwe dheweke kabeh

Tuladha

Tuladha Pocapan Arti

My book is new. Mai buk iz nyu Bukuku anyar.

Your car is fast. Yor kar iz fast Mobilmu cepet.

His house is big. Hiz haus iz big Omah dheweke gedhe.

Her phone is new. Her fon iz nyu Telpon dheweke anyar.

Its color is beautiful. Its kaler iz byutiful Wernane apik.

Our teacher is nice. Auer ticer iz nais Guru kita apik.

Their house is large. Dher haus iz larj Omah dheweke kabeh gedhe.

4. Tembung ganti kepemilikan mandiri

Wujud iki digunakake tanpa tembung aran sawise tembung ganti.

Konsep Arab Struktur Pocapan struktur Tembung ganti Pocapan Arti

Kepemilikan mandiri mine Main mine Main Duweku / kagunganku

Kepemilikan mandiri yours Yorz yours Yorz Duwemu

Kepemilikan mandiri his Hiz his Hiz Duwene dheweke (lanang)

Kepemilikan mandiri hers>Herz hers Herz Duwene dheweke (wadon)

Kepemilikan mandiri ours Auerz ours Auerz Duwe kita

Kepemilikan mandiri theirs Dherz theirs Dherz Duwe dheweke kabeh

Cathetan: Tembung ganti kepemilikan mandiri biasane ora digunakake kanggo it.

Tuladha

Tuladha Pocapan Arti

This book is mine. Dhis buk iz main Buku iki duwekku.

The car is yours. Dhe kar iz yorz Mobil iki duwemu.

The house is his. Dhe haus iz hiz Omah iki duwene dheweke.

The bag is hers. Dhe bag iz herz Tas iki duwene dheweke.

The room is ours. Dhe rum iz auerz Kamar iki duweke kita.

The books are theirs. Dhe buks ar dherz Buku-buku iki duweke dheweke kabeh.

5. Tembung ganti refleksif

Digunakake nalika subjek nindakake tumindak marang awake dhewe.

Konsep Arab Struktur Pocapan struktur Tembung ganti Pocapan Arti

Refleksif my + self Mai + self myself Mai-self Awakku dhewe

Refleksif your + self Yor + self yourself Yor-self Awakmu dhewe

Refleksif him + self Him + self himself Him-self Awake dhewe (lanang)

Refleksif her + self Her + self herself Her-self Awake dhewe (wadon)

Refleksif it + self It + self itself It-self Awake barang utawa kewan

Refleksif our + selves Auer + selvz ourselves Auer-selvz Awake dhewe kabeh

Refleksif your + selves Yor + selvz yourselves Yor-selvz Awakmu kabeh dhewe

Refleksif them + selves Dhem + selvz themselves Dhem-selvz Awake dheweke kabeh

Tuladha

Tuladha Pocapan Arti

I hurt myself. Ai hert mai-self Aku nglarani awakku dhewe.

You did it yourself. Yu did it yor-self Kowe nindakake kuwi dhewe.

He introduced himself. Hi introdust him-self Dheweke ngenalake awake dhewe.

She taught herself English. Syi tot her-self Inggris Dheweke sinau basa Inggris dhewe.

The machine turned itself off. Dhe masyin ternd it-self of Mesin kuwi mati dhewe.

We enjoyed ourselves. Wi enjoi(d) auer-selvz Kita seneng-seneng.

They introduced themselves. Dhei introdust dhem-selvz Dheweke kabeh ngenalake awake dhewe.

6. Tembung ganti panuduh

Konsep Arab Struktur Pocapan struktur Tembung ganti Pocapan Arti

Panuduh tunggal cedhak this Dhis this Dhis Iki

Panuduh tunggal adoh that Dhat that Dhat Kuwi

Panuduh jamak cedhak these Dhiz these Dhiz Iki kabeh

Panuduh jamak adoh those Dhouz those Dhouz Kuwi kabeh

Tuladha

This is my book.

Dhis iz mai buk.

Iki bukuku.

That is your car.

Dhat iz yor kar.

Kuwi mobilmu.

These are my shoes.

Dhiz ar mai syuz.

Iki sepatu-sepatuku.

Those are their houses.

Dhouz ar dher hauziz.

Kuwi omah-omahé dheweke kabeh.

7. Tembung ganti pitakon

Konsep Arab Struktur Pocapan struktur Tembung ganti Pocapan Arti

Kanggo takon babagan wong who Hu who Hu Sapa?

Kanggo takon babagan wong minangka objek whom Hum whom Hum Sapa? / marang sapa?

Kepemilikan whose Huz whose Huz Duwe sapa?

Barang utawa pilihan what Wot what Wot Apa?

Pilihan which Wic which Wic Kang endi?

Tuladha

Who called you?

Hu kold yu?

Sapa sing nelpon kowe?

Whom did you see?

Hum did yu si?

Sapa sing kokdeleng?

Whose is this?

Huz iz dhis?

Iki duweke sapa?

What happened?

Wot hapend?

Apa sing kedadeyan?

Which is yours?

Wic iz yorz?

Sing endi duwemu?

8. Tembung ganti panyambung

Konsep Arab Struktur Pocapan struktur Tembung ganti Pocapan Arti

Kanggo wong who Hu who Hu Sing / wong sing

Kanggo wong minangka objek whom Hum whom Hum Sing / wong sing

Kepemilikan whose Huz whose Huz Sing duweke

Kanggo barang utawa kewan which Wic which Wic Sing / barang sing

Kanggo wong utawa barang that Dhat that Dhat Sing

Tuladha

The man who works here is my brother.

Dhe man hu werks hir iz mai bradher.

Wong lanang sing nyambut gawe ing kene iku sedulurku.

The book which I bought is interesting.

Dhe buk wic ai bot iz intristing.

Buku sing tak tuku kuwi menarik.

The girl whose car was stolen called the police.

Dhe gerl huz kar woz stoulen kold dhe polis.

Bocah wadon sing mobilé dicolong nelpon polisi.

9. Tembung ganti ora tartamtu

Tembung iki nuduhake wong utawa barang sing ora ditemtokake kanthi cetha.

Konsep Arab Tembung ganti Pocapan Arti

Wong ora tartamtu someone Sam-wan Sawijining wong

Wong ora tartamtu somebody Sam-badi Sawijining wong

Wong ora tartamtu ing ukara negatif utawa pitakon anyone Eni-wan Sapa wae

Wong ora tartamtu ing ukara negatif utawa pitakon anybody Eni-badi Sapa wae

Ora ana wong no one Nou-wan Ora ana wong

Ora ana wong nobody Nou-badi Ora ana wong

Kabeh wong everyone Evri-wan Kabeh wong

Kabeh wong everybody Evri-badi Kabeh wong

Sawijining barang something Sam-thing Sawijining barang

Barang apa wae anything Eni-thing Barang apa wae

Ora ana barang nothing Nathing Ora ana apa-apa

Kabeh barang everything Evri-thing Kabeh barang

5- Tembung-tembung wektu kriya

. Simple Present (saiki prasaja)

Panggunaan: pakulinan, kasunyatan, lan tumindak sing bola-bali.

Struktur: Subjek + V1 + ...

Tembung ganti Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I work. Ai werk Aku nyambut gawe.

you You work. Yu werk Kowe nyambut gawe.

he He works. Hi werks Dheweke nyambut gawe.

she She works. Syi werks Dheweke nyambut gawe.

it It works. It werks Kuwi bisa digunakake.

we We work. Wi werk Kita nyambut gawe.

you You work. Yu werk Kowe kabeh nyambut gawe.

they They work. Dhei werk Dheweke kabeh nyambut gawe.

Kanggo he / she / it, biasane ditambahake -s ing kriya.

2. Simple Past (kepungkur prasaja)

Panggunaan: tumindak sing wis kelakon ing wektu kepungkur.

Struktur: Subjek + V2 + ...

Tembung ganti Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I worked. Ai werkt Aku wis nyambut gawe.

you You worked. Yu werkt Kowe wis nyambut gawe.

he He worked. Hi werkt Dheweke wis nyambut gawe.

she She worked. Syi werkt Dheweke wis nyambut gawe.

it It worked. It werkt Kuwi wis bisa digunakake.

we We worked. Wi werkt Kita wis nyambut gawe.

you You worked. Yu werkt Kowe kabeh wis nyambut gawe.

they They worked. Dhei werkt Dheweke kabeh wis nyambut gawe.

3. Simple Future (mbesuk prasaja)

Panggunaan: tumindak sing bakal kelakon ing mangsa ngarep.

Struktur: Subjek + will + V1

Tembung ganti Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I will work. Ai wil werk Aku bakal nyambut gawe.

you You will work. Yu wil werk Kowe bakal nyambut gawe.

he He will work. Hi wil werk Dheweke bakal nyambut gawe.

she She will work. Syi wil werk Dheweke bakal nyambut gawe.

it It will work. It wil werk Kuwi bakal bisa digunakake.

we We will work. Wi wil werk Kita bakal nyambut gawe.

you You will work. Yu wil werk Kowe kabeh bakal nyambut gawe.

they They will work. Dhei wil werk Dheweke kabeh bakal nyambut gawe.

4. Present Continuous (saiki lagi ditindakake)

Panggunaan: tumindak sing lagi kelakon saiki utawa sajrone wektu iki.

Struktur: Subjek + am/is/are + V-ing

Tembung ganti Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I am working. Ai em werking Aku lagi nyambut gawe.

you You are working. Yu ar werking Kowe lagi nyambut gawe.

he He is working. Hi iz werking Dheweke lagi nyambut gawe.

she She is working. Syi iz werking Dheweke lagi nyambut gawe.

it It is working. It iz werking Kuwi lagi digunakake.

we We are working. Wi ar werking Kita lagi nyambut gawe.

you You are working. Yu ar werking Kowe kabeh lagi nyambut gawe.

they They are working. Dhei ar werking Dheweke kabeh lagi nyambut gawe.

5. Past Continuous (kepungkur lagi ditindakake)

Panggunaan: tumindak sing lagi kelakon ing wektu tartamtu ing mangsa kepungkur.

Struktur: Subjek + was/were + V-ing

Tembung ganti Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I was working. Ai woz werking Aku lagi nyambut gawe nalika kuwi.

you You were working. Yu wer werking Kowe lagi nyambut gawe nalika kuwi.

he He was working. Hi woz werking Dheweke lagi nyambut gawe nalika kuwi.

she She was working. Syi woz werking Dheweke lagi nyambut gawe nalika kuwi.

it It was working. It woz werking Kuwi lagi digunakake nalika kuwi.

we We were working. Wi wer werking Kita lagi nyambut gawe nalika kuwi.

you You were working. Yu wer werking Kowe kabeh lagi nyambut gawe nalika kuwi.

they They were working. Dhei wer werking Dheweke kabeh lagi nyambut gawe nalika kuwi.

6. Future Continuous (mbesuk lagi ditindakake)

Panggunaan: tumindak sing bakal lagi kelakon ing wektu tartamtu ing mangsa ngarep.

Struktur: Subjek + will be + V-ing

Tembung ganti Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I will be working. Ai wil bi werking Aku bakal lagi nyambut gawe.

you You will be working. Yu wil bi werking Kowe bakal lagi nyambut gawe.

he He will be working. Hi wil bi werking Dheweke bakal lagi nyambut gawe.

she She will be working. Syi wil bi werking Dheweke bakal lagi nyambut gawe.

it It will be working. It wil bi werking Kuwi bakal lagi digunakake.

we We will be working. Wi wil bi werking Kita bakal lagi nyambut gawe.

you You will be working. Yu wil bi werking Kowe kabeh bakal lagi nyambut gawe.

they They will be working. Dhei wil bi werking Dheweke kabeh bakal lagi nyambut gawe.

7. Present Perfect (saiki wis rampung)

Panggunaan: tumindak sing kelakon ing mangsa kepungkur lan ana gandhengane karo saiki, tanpa nyebut wektu tartamtu.

Struktur: Subjek + have/has + V3

Tembung ganti Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I have worked. Ai hev werkt Aku wis nyambut gawe.

you You have worked. Yu hev werkt Kowe wis nyambut gawe.

he He has worked. Hi hez werkt Dheweke wis nyambut gawe.

she She has worked. Syi hez werkt Dheweke wis nyambut gawe.

it It has worked. It hez werkt Kuwi wis bisa digunakake.

we We have worked. Wi hev werkt Kita wis nyambut gawe.

you You have worked. Yu hev werkt Kowe kabeh wis nyambut gawe.

they They have worked. Dhei hev werkt Dheweke kabeh wis nyambut gawe.

8. Past Perfect (kepungkur wis rampung)

Panggunaan: tumindak sing wis rampung sadurunge tumindak liyane ing mangsa kepungkur.

Struktur: Subjek + had + V3

Tembung ganti Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I had worked. Ai hed werkt Aku wis rampung nyambut gawe sadurunge kuwi.

you You had worked. Yu hed werkt Kowe wis rampung nyambut gawe sadurunge kuwi.

he He had worked. Hi hed werkt Dheweke wis rampung nyambut gawe sadurunge kuwi.

she She had worked. Syi hed werkt Dheweke wis rampung nyambut gawe sadurunge kuwi.

it It had worked. It hed werkt Kuwi wis bisa digunakake sadurunge kuwi.

we We had worked. Wi hed werkt Kita wis rampung nyambut gawe sadurunge kuwi.

you You had worked. Yu hed werkt Kowe kabeh wis rampung nyambut gawe sadurunge kuwi.

they They had worked. Dhei hed werkt Dheweke kabeh wis rampung nyambut gawe sadurunge kuwi.

9. Future Perfect (mbesuk wis rampung)

Panggunaan: tumindak sing bakal wis rampung sadurunge wektu tartamtu ing mangsa ngarep.

Struktur: Subjek + will have + V3

Tembung ganti Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I will have worked. Ai wil hev werkt Aku bakal wis rampung nyambut gawe.

you You will have worked. Yu wil hev werkt Kowe bakal wis rampung nyambut gawe.

he He will have worked. Hi wil hev werkt Dheweke bakal wis rampung nyambut gawe.

she She will have worked. Syi wil hev werkt Dheweke bakal wis rampung nyambut gawe.

it It will have worked. It wil hev werkt Kuwi bakal wis bisa digunakake.

we We will have worked. Wi wil hev werkt Kita bakal wis rampung nyambut gawe.

you You will have worked. Yu wil hev werkt Kowe kabeh bakal wis rampung nyambut gawe.

they They will have worked. Dhei wil hev werkt Dheweke kabeh bakal wis rampung nyambut gawe.

10. Present Perfect Continuous (saiki wis suwe ditindakake)

Panggunaan: tumindak sing diwiwiti ing mangsa kepungkur, terus lumaku, lan isih kelakon nganti saiki.

Struktur: Subjek + have/has been + V-ing

Tembung ganti Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I have been working. Ai hev bin werking Aku wis nyambut gawe sajrone wektu tartamtu nganti saiki.

you You have been working. Yu hev bin werking Kowe wis nyambut gawe sajrone wektu tartamtu nganti saiki.

he He has been working. Hi hez bin werking Dheweke wis nyambut gawe sajrone wektu tartamtu nganti saiki.

she She has been working. Syi hez bin werking Dheweke wis nyambut gawe sajrone wektu tartamtu nganti saiki.

it It has been working. It hez bin werking Kuwi wis digunakake sajrone wektu tartamtu nganti saiki.

we We have been working. Wi hev bin werking Kita wis nyambut gawe sajrone wektu tartamtu nganti saiki.

you You have been working. Yu hev bin werking Kowe kabeh wis nyambut gawe sajrone wektu tartamtu nganti saiki.

they They have been working. Dhei hev bin werking Dheweke kabeh wis nyambut gawe sajrone wektu tartamtu nganti saiki.

11. Past Perfect Continuous (kepungkur wis suwe ditindakake)

Panggunaan: tumindak sing wis lumaku sajrone wektu sadurunge kedadeyan liyane ing mangsa kepungkur.

Struktur: Subjek + had been + V-ing

Tembung ganti Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I had been working. Ai hed bin werking Aku wis nyambut gawe sajrone wektu tartamtu sadurunge kuwi.

you You had been working. Yu hed bin werking Kowe wis nyambut gawe sajrone wektu tartamtu sadurunge kuwi.

he He had been working. Hi hed bin werking Dheweke wis nyambut gawe sajrone wektu tartamtu sadurunge kuwi.

she She had been working. Syi hed bin werking Dheweke wis nyambut gawe sajrone wektu tartamtu sadurunge kuwi.

it It had been working. It hed bin werking Kuwi wis digunakake sajrone wektu tartamtu sadurunge kuwi.

we We had been working. Wi hed bin werking Kita wis nyambut gawe sajrone wektu tartamtu sadurunge kuwi.

you You had been working. Yu hed bin werking Kowe kabeh wis nyambut gawe sajrone wektu tartamtu sadurunge kuwi.

they They had been working. Dhei hed bin werking Dheweke kabeh wis nyambut gawe sajrone wektu tartamtu sadurunge kuwi.

12. Future Perfect Continuous (mbesuk wis suwe ditindakake)

Panggunaan: tumindak sing bakal wis lumaku sajrone wektu tartamtu nganti tekan wektu ing mangsa ngarep.

Struktur: Subjek + will have been + V-ing

Tembung ganti Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I will have been working. Ai wil hev bin werking Aku bakal wis nyambut gawe sajrone wektu tartamtu.

you You will have been working. Yu wil hev bin werking Kowe bakal wis nyambut gawe sajrone wektu tartamtu.

he He will have been working. Hi wil hev bin werking Dheweke bakal wis nyambut gawe sajrone wektu tartamtu.

she She will have been working. Syi wil hev bin werking Dheweke bakal wis nyambut gawe sajrone wektu tartamtu.

it It will have been working. It wil hev bin werking Kuwi bakal wis digunakake sajrone wektu tartamtu.

we We will have been working. Wi wil hev bin werking Kita bakal wis nyambut gawe sajrone wektu tartamtu.

you You will have been working. Yu wil hev bin werking Kowe kabeh bakal wis nyambut gawe sajrone wektu tartamtu.

they They will have been working. Dhei wil hev bin werking Dheweke kabeh bakal wis nyambut gawe sajrone wektu tartamtu.

6- Wektu kriya pasif

. Simple Present Passive (saiki prasaja, ukara pasif)

Struktur: Subjek + am/is/are + V3

Pocapan struktur: Sabjek + em/iz/ar + vi thri

Tembung ganti Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I am written about. Ai em ritn ebaut Aku dadi bahan tulisan.

you You are written about. Yu ar ritn ebaut Kowe dadi bahan tulisan.

he He is written about. Hi iz ritn ebaut Dheweke dadi bahan tulisan.

she She is written about. Syi iz ritn ebaut Dheweke dadi bahan tulisan.

it It is written about. It iz ritn ebaut Kuwi dadi bahan tulisan.

we We are written about. Wi ar ritn ebaut Kita dadi bahan tulisan.

you You are written about. Yu ar ritn ebaut Kowe kabeh dadi bahan tulisan.

they They are written about. Dhei ar ritn ebaut Dheweke kabeh dadi bahan tulisan.

Tuladha sing luwih lumrah:

The book is written in English.

Dhe buk iz ritn in Inggris.

Buku kuwi ditulis nganggo basa Inggris.

2. Simple Past Passive (kepungkur prasaja, ukara pasif)

Struktur: Subjek + was/were + V3

Pocapan struktur: Sabjek + woz/wer + vi thri

Tembung ganti Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I was invited. Ai woz invaitid Aku diundang.

you You were invited. Yu wer invaitid Kowe diundang.

he He was invited. Hi woz invaitid Dheweke diundang.

she She was invited. Syi woz invaitid Dheweke diundang.

it It was invited. It woz invaitid Kuwi diundang.

we We were invited. Wi wer invaitid Kita diundang.

you You were invited. Yu wer invaitid Kowe kabeh diundang.

they They were invited. Dhei wer invaitid Dheweke kabeh diundang.

3. Simple Future Passive (mbesuk prasaja, ukara pasif)

Struktur: Subjek + will be + V3

Pocapan struktur: Sabjek + wil bi + vi thri

Tembung ganti Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I will be invited. Ai wil bi invaitid Aku bakal diundang.

you You will be invited. Yu wil bi invaitid Kowe bakal diundang.

he He will be invited. Hi wil bi invaitid Dheweke bakal diundang.

she She will be invited. Syi wil bi invaitid Dheweke bakal diundang.

it It will be invited. It wil bi invaitid Kuwi bakal diundang.

we We will be invited. Wi wil bi invaitid Kita bakal diundang.

you You will be invited. Yu wil bi invaitid Kowe kabeh bakal diundang.

they They will be invited. Dhei wil bi invaitid Dheweke kabeh bakal diundang.

4. Present Continuous Passive (saiki lagi ditindakake, ukara pasif)

Struktur: Subjek + am/is/are being + V3

Pocapan struktur: Sabjek + em/iz/ar bing + vi thri

Tembung ganti Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I am being watched. Ai em bing wocd Aku lagi diawasi.

you You are being watched. Yu ar bing wocd Kowe lagi diawasi.

he He is being watched. Hi iz bing wocd Dheweke lagi diawasi.

she She is being watched. Syi iz bing wocd Dheweke lagi diawasi.

it It is being watched. It iz bing wocd Kuwi lagi diawasi.

we We are being watched. Wi ar bing wocd Kita lagi diawasi.

you You are being watched. Yu ar bing wocd Kowe kabeh lagi diawasi.

they They are being watched. Dhei ar bing wocd Dheweke kabeh lagi diawasi.

5. Past Continuous Passive (kepungkur lagi ditindakake, ukara pasif)

Struktur: Subjek + was/were being + V3

Pocapan struktur: Sabjek + woz/wer bing + vi thri

Tembung ganti Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I was being watched. Ai woz bing wocd Aku lagi diawasi nalika kuwi.

you You were being watched. Yu wer bing wocd Kowe lagi diawasi nalika kuwi.

he He was being watched. Hi woz bing wocd Dheweke lagi diawasi nalika kuwi.

she She was being watched. Syi woz bing wocd Dheweke lagi diawasi nalika kuwi.

it It was being watched. It woz bing wocd Kuwi lagi diawasi nalika kuwi.

we We were being watched. Wi wer bing wocd Kita lagi diawasi nalika kuwi.

you You were being watched. Yu wer bing wocd Kowe kabeh lagi diawasi nalika kuwi.

they They were being watched. Dhei wer bing wocd Dheweke kabeh lagi diawasi nalika kuwi.

6. Future Continuous Passive (mbesuk lagi ditindakake, ukara pasif)

Struktur: Subjek + will be being + V3

Pocapan struktur: Sabjek + wil bi bing + vi thri

Wujud iki arang banget digunakake ing basa Inggris modern.

Tembung ganti Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I will be being watched. Ai wil bi bing wocd Aku bakal lagi diawasi.

you You will be being watched. Yu wil bi bing wocd Kowe bakal lagi diawasi.

he He will be being watched. Hi wil bi bing wocd Dheweke bakal lagi diawasi.

she She will be being watched. Syi wil bi bing wocd Dheweke bakal lagi diawasi.

it It will be being watched. It wil bi bing wocd Kuwi bakal lagi diawasi.

we We will be being watched. Wi wil bi bing wocd Kita bakal lagi diawasi.

you You will be being watched. Yu wil bi bing wocd Kowe kabeh bakal lagi diawasi.

they They will be being watched. Dhei wil bi bing wocd Dheweke kabeh bakal lagi diawasi.

7. Present Perfect Passive (saiki wis rampung, ukara pasif)

Struktur: Subjek + have/has been + V3

Pocapan struktur: Sabjek + hev/hez bin + vi thri

Tembung ganti Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I have been invited. Ai hev bin invaitid Aku wis diundang.

you You have been invited. Yu hev bin invaitid Kowe wis diundang.

he He has been invited. Hi hez bin invaitid Dheweke wis diundang.

she She has been invited. Syi hez bin invaitid Dheweke wis diundang.

it It has been invited. It hez bin invaitid Kuwi wis diundang.

we We have been invited. Wi hev bin invaitid Kita wis diundang.

you You have been invited. Yu hev bin invaitid Kowe kabeh wis diundang.

they They have been invited. Dhei hev bin invaitid Dheweke kabeh wis diundang.

8. Past Perfect Passive (kepungkur wis rampung, ukara pasif)

Struktur: Subjek + had been + V3

Pocapan struktur: Sabjek + hed bin + vi thri

Tembung ganti Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I had been invited. Ai hed bin invaitid Aku wis diundang sadurunge kuwi.

you You had been invited. Yu hed bin invaitid Kowe wis diundang sadurunge kuwi.

he He had been invited. Hi hed bin invaitid Dheweke wis diundang sadurunge kuwi.

she She had been invited. Syi hed bin invaitid Dheweke wis diundang sadurunge kuwi.

it It had been invited. It hed bin invaitid Kuwi wis diundang sadurunge kuwi.

we We had been invited. Wi hed bin invaitid Kita wis diundang sadurunge kuwi.

you You had been invited. Yu hed bin invaitid Kowe kabeh wis diundang sadurunge kuwi.

they They had been invited. Dhei hed bin invaitid Dheweke kabeh wis diundang sadurunge kuwi.

9. Future Perfect Passive (mbesuk wis rampung, ukara pasif)

Struktur: Subjek + will have been + V3

Pocapan struktur: Sabjek + wil hev bin + vi thri

Tembung ganti Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I will have been invited. Ai wil hev bin invaitid Aku bakal wis diundang.

you You will have been invited. Yu wil hev bin invaitid Kowe bakal wis diundang.

he He will have been invited. Hi wil hev bin invaitid Dheweke bakal wis diundang.

she She will have been invited. Syi wil hev bin invaitid Dheweke bakal wis diundang.

it It will have been invited. It wil hev bin invaitid Kuwi bakal wis diundang.

we We will have been invited. Wi wil hev bin invaitid Kita bakal wis diundang.

you You will have been invited. Yu wil hev bin invaitid Kowe kabeh bakal wis diundang.

they They will have been invited. Dhei wil hev bin invaitid Dheweke kabeh bakal wis diundang.

10. Present Perfect Continuous Passive (saiki wis suwe ditindakake, ukara pasif)

Struktur: Subjek + have/has been being + V3

Pocapan struktur: Sabjek + hev/hez bin bing + vi thri

Wujud iki sacara tata basa bisa kawangun, nanging arang banget lan ora lumrah digunakake.

Tembung ganti Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I have been being watched. Ai hev bin bing wocd Aku wis terus diawasi nganti saiki.

you You have been being watched. Yu hev bin bing wocd Kowe wis terus diawasi nganti saiki.

he He has been being watched. Hi hez bin bing wocd Dheweke wis terus diawasi nganti saiki.

she She has been being watched. Syi hez bin bing wocd Dheweke wis terus diawasi nganti saiki.

it It has been being watched. It hez bin bing wocd Kuwi wis terus diawasi nganti saiki.

we We have been being watched. Wi hev bin bing wocd Kita wis terus diawasi nganti saiki.

you You have been being watched. Yu hev bin bing wocd Kowe kabeh wis terus diawasi nganti saiki.

they They have been being watched. Dhei hev bin bing wocd Dheweke kabeh wis terus diawasi nganti saiki.

11. Past Perfect Continuous Passive (kepungkur wis suwe ditindakake, ukara pasif)

Struktur: Subjek + had been being + V3

Pocapan struktur: Sabjek + hed bin bing + vi thri

Wujud iki uga arang banget digunakake.

Tembung ganti Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I had been being watched. Ai hed bin bing wocd Aku wis terus diawasi sadurunge kuwi.

you You had been being watched. Yu hed bin bing wocd Kowe wis terus diawasi sadurunge kuwi.

he He had been being watched. Hi hed bin bing wocd Dheweke wis terus diawasi sadurunge kuwi.

she She had been being watched. Syi hed bin bing wocd Dheweke wis terus diawasi sadurunge kuwi.

it It had been being watched. It hed bin bing wocd Kuwi wis terus diawasi sadurunge kuwi.

we We had been being watched. Wi hed bin bing wocd Kita wis terus diawasi sadurunge kuwi.

you You had been being watched. Yu hed bin bing wocd Kowe kabeh wis terus diawasi sadurunge kuwi.

they They had been being watched. Dhei hed bin bing wocd Dheweke kabeh wis terus diawasi sadurunge kuwi.

12. Future Perfect Continuous Passive (mbesuk wis suwe ditindakake, ukara pasif)

Struktur: Subjek + will have been being + V3

Pocapan struktur: Sabjek + wil hev bin bing + vi thri

Wujud iki arang banget digunakake.

Tembung ganti Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I will have been being watched. Ai wil hev bin bing wocd Aku bakal wis terus diawasi sajrone wektu tartamtu.

you You will have been being watched. Yu wil hev bin bing wocd Kowe bakal wis terus diawasi sajrone wektu tartamtu.

he He will have been being watched. Hi wil hev bin bing wocd Dheweke bakal wis terus diawasi sajrone wektu tartamtu.

she She will have been being watched. Syi wil hev bin bing wocd Dheweke bakal wis terus diawasi sajrone wektu tartamtu.

it It will have been being watched. It wil hev bin bing wocd Kuwi bakal wis terus diawasi sajrone wektu tartamtu.

we We will have been being watched. Wi wil hev bin bing wocd Kita bakal wis terus diawasi sajrone wektu tartamtu.

you You will have been being watched. Yu wil hev bin bing wocd Kowe kabeh bakal wis terus diawasi sajrone wektu tartamtu.

they They will have been being watched. Dhei wil hev bin bing wocd Dheweke kabeh bakal wis terus diawasi sajrone wektu tartamtu.

7- Ukara Negatif

1. Simple Present — Wangun Negatif

Rumus: Subjek + do/does + not + V1

Pronomina Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I do not work. Ai du not werk Aku ora kerja.

You You do not work. Yu du not werk Sampeyan ora kerja.

He He does not work. Hi daz not werk Dheweke lanang ora kerja.

She She does not work. Syi daz not werk Dheweke wadon ora kerja.

It It does not work. It daz not werk Iku ora bisa digunakake.

We We do not work. Wii du not werk Kita ora kerja.

They They do not work. Dhei du not werk Dheweke kabeh ora kerja.

Wangun cekak:

do not → don't — duwnt

does not → doesn't — daznt

⚠️ Sawisé doesn't, gunakna V1:

He doesn't work. ✅

He doesn't works. ❌

2. Simple Past — Wangun Negatif

Rumus: Subjek + did + not + V1

Pronomina Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I did not work. Ai did not werk Aku ora kerja.

You You did not work. Yu did not werk Sampeyan ora kerja.

He He did not work. Hi did not werk Dheweke lanang ora kerja.

She She did not work. Syi did not werk Dheweke wadon ora kerja.

It It did not work. It did not werk Iku ora bisa digunakake.

We We did not work. Wii did not werk Kita ora kerja.

They They did not work. Dhei did not werk Dheweke kabeh ora kerja.

did not → didn't — didnt

⚠️ Sawisé didn't, gunakna V1:

I didn't work. ✅

I didn't worked. ❌

3. Simple Future — Wangun Negatif

Rumus: Subjek + will + not + V1

Pronomina Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I will not work. Ai wil not werk Aku ora bakal kerja.

You You will not work. Yu wil not werk Sampeyan ora bakal kerja.

He He will not work. Hi wil not werk Dheweke lanang ora bakal kerja.

She She will not work. Syi wil not werk Dheweke wadon ora bakal kerja.

It It will not work. It wil not werk Iku ora bakal bisa digunakake.

We We will not work. Wii wil not werk Kita ora bakal kerja.

They They will not work. Dhei wil not werk Dheweke kabeh ora bakal kerja.

will not → won't — wount

Continuous Tenses

4. Present Continuous — Wangun Negatif

Rumus: Subjek + am/is/are + not + V-ing

Pronomina Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I am not working. Ai em not werking Aku saiki ora lagi kerja.

You You are not working. Yu ar not werking Sampeyan saiki ora lagi kerja.

He He is not working. Hi iz not werking Dheweke lanang saiki ora lagi kerja.

She She is not working. Syi iz not werking Dheweke wadon saiki ora lagi kerja.

It It is not working. It iz not werking Iku saiki ora bisa digunakake.

We We are not working. Wii ar not werking Kita saiki ora lagi kerja.

They They are not working. Dhei ar not werking Dheweke kabeh saiki ora lagi kerja.

Wangun cekak:

is not → isn't — iznt

are not → aren't — arnt

am not → I'm not — aim not

5. Past Continuous — Wangun Negatif

Rumus: Subjek + was/were + not + V-ing

Pronomina Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I was not working. Ai woz not werking Aku nalika semana ora lagi kerja.

You You were not working. Yu wer not werking Sampeyan nalika semana ora lagi kerja.

He He was not working. Hi woz not werking Dheweke lanang nalika semana ora lagi kerja.

She She was not working. Syi woz not werking Dheweke wadon nalika semana ora lagi kerja.

It It was not working. It woz not werking Iku nalika semana ora bisa digunakake.

We We were not working. Wii wer not werking Kita nalika semana ora lagi kerja.

They They were not working. Dhei wer not werking Dheweke kabeh nalika semana ora lagi kerja.

Wangun cekak:

was not → wasn't — woznt

were not → weren't — wernt

6. Future Continuous — Wangun Negatif

Rumus: Subjek + will + not + be + V-ing

Pronomina Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I will not be working. Ai wil not bi werking Aku ora bakal lagi kerja.

You You will not be working. Yu wil not bi werking Sampeyan ora bakal lagi kerja.

He He will not be working. Hi wil not bi werking Dheweke lanang ora bakal lagi kerja.

She She will not be working. Syi wil not bi werking Dheweke wadon ora bakal lagi kerja.

It It will not be working. It wil not bi werking Iku ora bakal bisa digunakake.

We We will not be working. Wii wil not bi werking Kita ora bakal lagi kerja.

They They will not be working. Dhei wil not bi werking Dheweke kabeh ora bakal lagi kerja.

Perfect Tenses

7. Present Perfect — Wangun Negatif

Rumus: Subjek + have/has + not + V3

Pronomina Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I have not worked. Ai hev not werkt Aku durung kerja.

You You have not worked. Yu hev not werkt Sampeyan durung kerja.

He He has not worked. Hi hez not werkt Dheweke lanang durung kerja.

She She has not worked. Syi hez not werkt Dheweke wadon durung kerja.

It It has not worked. It hez not werkt Iku durung bisa digunakake.

We We have not worked. Wii hev not werkt Kita durung kerja.

They They have not worked. Dhei hev not werkt Dheweke kabeh durung kerja.

Wangun cekak:

have not → haven't — hevnt

has not → hasn't — heznt

8. Past Perfect — Wangun Negatif

Rumus: Subjek + had + not + V3

Pronomina Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I had not worked. Ai hed not werkt Aku durung kerja nalika kedadeyan liyane dumadi.

You You had not worked. Yu hed not werkt Sampeyan durung kerja nalika kedadeyan liyane dumadi.

He He had not worked. Hi hed not werkt Dheweke lanang durung kerja nalika kedadeyan liyane dumadi.

She She had not worked. Syi hed not werkt Dheweke wadon durung kerja nalika kedadeyan liyane dumadi.

It It had not worked. It hed not werkt Iku durung bisa digunakake nalika kedadeyan liyane dumadi.

We We had not worked. Wii hed not werkt Kita durung kerja nalika kedadeyan liyane dumadi.

They They had not worked. Dhei hed not werkt Dheweke kabeh durung kerja nalika kedadeyan liyane dumadi.

had not → hadn't — hednt

9. Future Perfect — Wangun Negatif

Rumus: Subjek + will + not + have + V3

Pronomina Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I will not have worked. Ai wil not hev werkt Aku durung bakal rampung kerja nalika wektu kasebut tekan.

You You will not have worked. Yu wil not hev werkt Sampeyan durung bakal rampung kerja nalika wektu kasebut tekan.

He He will not have worked. Hi wil not hev werkt Dheweke lanang durung bakal rampung kerja nalika wektu kasebut tekan.

She She will not have worked. Syi wil not hev werkt Dheweke wadon durung bakal rampung kerja nalika wektu kasebut tekan.

It It will not have worked. It wil not hev werkt Iku durung bakal bisa digunakake nalika wektu kasebut tekan.

We We will not have worked. Wii wil not hev werkt Kita durung bakal rampung kerja nalika wektu kasebut tekan.

They They will not have worked. Dhei wil not hev werkt Dheweke kabeh durung bakal rampung kerja nalika wektu kasebut tekan.

Perfect Continuous Tenses

10. Present Perfect Continuous — Wangun Negatif

Rumus: Subjek + have/has + not + been + V-ing

Pronomina Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I have not been working. Ai hev not bin werking Aku wis ora kerja sajrone sawetara wektu.

You You have not been working. Yu hev not bin werking Sampeyan wis ora kerja sajrone sawetara wektu.

He He has not been working. Hi hez not bin werking Dheweke lanang wis ora kerja sajrone sawetara wektu.

She She has not been working. Syi hez not bin werking Dheweke wadon wis ora kerja sajrone sawetara wektu.

It It has not been working. It hez not bin werking Iku wis ora bisa digunakake sajrone sawetara wektu.

We We have not been working. Wii hev not bin werking Kita wis ora kerja sajrone sawetara wektu.

They They have not been working. Dhei hev not bin werking Dheweke kabeh wis ora kerja sajrone sawetara wektu.

11. Past Perfect Continuous — Wangun Negatif

Rumus: Subjek + had + not + been + V-ing

Pronomina Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I had not been working. Ai hed not bin werking Aku durung kerja terus-terusan sajrone wektu kasebut.

You You had not been working. Yu hed not bin werking Sampeyan durung kerja terus-terusan sajrone wektu kasebut.

He He had not been working. Hi hed not bin werking Dheweke lanang durung kerja terus-terusan sajrone wektu kasebut.

She She had not been working. Syi hed not bin werking Dheweke wadon durung kerja terus-terusan sajrone wektu kasebut.

It It had not been working. It hed not bin werking Iku durung bisa digunakake sajrone wektu kasebut.

We We had not been working. Wii hed not bin werking Kita durung kerja terus-terusan sajrone wektu kasebut.

They They had not been working. Dhei hed not bin werking Dheweke kabeh durung kerja terus-terusan sajrone wektu kasebut.

12. Future Perfect Continuous — Wangun Negatif

Rumus: Subjek + will + not + have + been + V-ing

Pronomina Ukara Pocapan Arti

I I will not have been working. Ai wil not hev bin werking Aku durung bakal kerja terus-terusan nganti wektu kasebut.

You You will not have been working. Yu wil not hev bin werking Sampeyan durung bakal kerja terus-terusan nganti wektu kasebut.

He He will not have been working. Hi wil not hev bin werking Dheweke lanang durung bakal kerja terus-terusan nganti wektu kasebut.

She She will not have been working. Syi wil not hev bin werking Dheweke wadon durung bakal kerja terus-terusan nganti wektu kasebut.

It It will not have been working. It wil not hev bin werking Iku durung bakal bisa digunakake terus-terusan nganti wektu kasebut.

We We will not have been working. Wii wil not hev bin werking Kita durung bakal kerja terus-terusan nganti wektu kasebut.

They They will not have been working. Dhei wil not hev bin werking Dheweke kabeh durung bakal kerja terus-terusan nganti wektu kasebut.

1. Simple Present Passive — Wangun Negatif

Rumus

Ing basa Inggris: Subjek + am/is/are + not + V3

Pocapan rumus: Sabjek + em/iz/ar + not + vi thrii

Pronomina Conto Pocapan Arti

I I am not invited. Ai em not invaitid Aku ora diundang.

You You are not invited. Yu ar not invaitid Sampeyan ora diundang.

He He is not invited. Hi iz not invaitid Dheweke lanang ora diundang.

She She is not invited. Syi iz not invaitid Dheweke wadon ora diundang.

It It is not used. It iz not yuzd Iku ora digunakake.

We We are not invited. Wii ar not invaitid Kita ora diundang.

They They are not invited. Dhei ar not invaitid Dheweke kabeh ora diundang.

is not → isn't — iznt

are not → aren't — arnt

2. Simple Past Passive — Wangun Negatif

Rumus

Ing basa Inggris: Subjek + was/were + not + V3

Pocapan rumus: Sabjek + woz/wer + not + vi thrii

Pronomina Conto Pocapan Arti

I I was not invited. Ai woz not invaitid Aku ora diundang nalika semana.

You You were not invited. Yu wer not invaitid Sampeyan ora diundang nalika semana.

He He was not invited. Hi woz not invaitid Dheweke lanang ora diundang nalika semana.

She She was not invited. Syi woz not invaitid Dheweke wadon ora diundang nalika semana.

It It was not used. It woz not yuzd Iku ora digunakake nalika semana.

We We were not invited. Wii wer not invaitid Kita ora diundang nalika semana.

They They were not invited. Dhei wer not invaitid Dheweke kabeh ora diundang nalika semana.

was not → wasn't — woznt

were not → weren't — wernt

3. Simple Future Passive — Wangun Negatif

Rumus

Ing basa Inggris: Subjek + will + not + be + V3

Pocapan rumus: Sabjek + wil + not + bi + vi thrii

Pronomina Conto Pocapan Arti

I I will not be invited. Ai wil not bi invaitid Aku ora bakal diundang.

You You will not be invited. Yu wil not bi invaitid Sampeyan ora bakal diundang.

He He will not be invited. Hi wil not bi invaitid Dheweke lanang ora bakal diundang.

She She will not be invited. Syi wil not bi invaitid Dheweke wadon ora bakal diundang.

It It will not be used. It wil not bi yuzd Iku ora bakal digunakake.

We We will not be invited. Wii wil not bi invaitid Kita ora bakal diundang.

They They will not be invited. Dhei wil not bi invaitid Dheweke kabeh ora bakal diundang.

will not → won't — wount

4. Present Continuous Passive — Wangun Negatif

Rumus

Ing basa Inggris: Subjek + am/is/are + not + being + V3

Pocapan rumus: Sabjek + em/iz/ar + not + biing + vi thrii

Pronomina Conto Pocapan Arti

I I am not being invited. Ai em not biing invaitid Aku saiki ora lagi diundang.

You You are not being invited. Yu ar not biing invaitid Sampeyan saiki ora lagi diundang.

He He is not being invited. Hi iz not biing invaitid Dheweke lanang saiki ora lagi diundang.

She She is not being invited. Syi iz not biing invaitid Dheweke wadon saiki ora lagi diundang.

It It is not being used. It iz not biing yuzd Iku saiki ora lagi digunakake.

We We are not being invited. Wii ar not biing invaitid Kita saiki ora lagi diundang.

They They are not being invited. Dhei ar not biing invaitid Dheweke kabeh saiki ora lagi diundang.

5. Past Continuous Passive — Wangun Negatif

Rumus

Ing basa Inggris: Subjek + was/were + not + being + V3

Pocapan rumus: Sabjek + woz/wer + not + biing + vi thrii

Pronomina Conto Pocapan Arti

I I was not being invited. Ai woz not biing invaitid Aku nalika semana ora lagi diundang.

You You were not being invited. Yu wer not biing invaitid Sampeyan nalika semana ora lagi diundang.

He He was not being invited. Hi woz not biing invaitid Dheweke lanang nalika semana ora lagi diundang.

She She was not being invited. Syi woz not biing invaitid Dheweke wadon nalika semana ora lagi diundang.

It It was not being used. It woz not biing yuzd Iku nalika semana ora lagi digunakake.

We We were not being invited. Wii wer not biing invaitid Kita nalika semana ora lagi diundang.

They They were not being invited. Dhei wer not biing invaitid Dheweke kabeh nalika semana ora lagi diundang.

6. Future Continuous Passive — Wangun Negatif

Rumus

Ing basa Inggris: Subjek + will + not + be + being + V3

Pocapan rumus: Sabjek + wil + not + bi + biing + vi thrii

Pronomina Conto Pocapan Arti

I I will not be being invited. Ai wil not bi biing invaitid Aku ora bakal lagi ana ing proses diundang.

You You will not be being invited. Yu wil not bi biing invaitid Sampeyan ora bakal lagi ana ing proses diundang.

He He will not be being invited. Hi wil not bi biing invaitid Dheweke lanang ora bakal lagi ana ing proses diundang.

She She will not be being invited. Syi wil not bi biing invaitid Dheweke wadon ora bakal lagi ana ing proses diundang.

We We will not be being invited. Wii wil not bi biing invaitid Kita ora bakal lagi ana ing proses diundang.

They They will not be being invited. Dhei wil not bi biing invaitid Dheweke kabeh ora bakal lagi ana ing proses diundang.

⚠️ Wangun iki sacara tata basa bisa kawangun, nanging arang banget digunakake ing basa Inggris saben dina. Biasane ana pilihan ukara sing luwih alami.

7. Present Perfect Passive — Wangun Negatif

Rumus

Ing basa Inggris: Subjek + have/has + not + been + V3

Pocapan rumus: Sabjek + hev/hez + not + bin + vi thrii

Pronomina Conto Pocapan Arti

I I have not been invited. Ai hev not bin invaitid Aku durung diundang.

You You have not been invited. Yu hev not bin invaitid Sampeyan durung diundang.

He He has not been invited. Hi hez not bin invaitid Dheweke lanang durung diundang.

She She has not been invited. Syi hez not bin invaitid Dheweke wadon durung diundang.

It It has not been used. It hez not bin yuzd Iku durung digunakake.

We We have not been invited. Wii hev not bin invaitid Kita durung diundang.

They They have not been invited. Dhei hev not bin invaitid Dheweke kabeh durung diundang.

have not → haven't — hevnt

has not → hasn't — heznt

8. Past Perfect Passive — Wangun Negatif

Rumus

Ing basa Inggris: Subjek + had + not + been + V3

Pocapan rumus: Sabjek + hed + not + bin + vi thrii

Pronomina Conto Pocapan Arti

I I had not been invited. Ai hed not bin invaitid Aku durung diundang sadurunge kedadeyan liyane.

You You had not been invited. Yu hed not bin invaitid Sampeyan durung diundang sadurunge kedadeyan liyane.

He He had not been invited. Hi hed not bin invaitid Dheweke lanang durung diundang sadurunge kedadeyan liyane.

She She had not been invited. Syi hed not bin invaitid Dheweke wadon durung diundang sadurunge kedadeyan liyane.

We We had not been invited. Wii hed not bin invaitid Kita durung diundang sadurunge kedadeyan liyane.

They They had not been invited. Dhei hed not bin invaitid Dheweke kabeh durung diundang sadurunge kedadeyan liyane.

had not → hadn't — hednt

9. Future Perfect Passive — Wangun Negatif

Rumus

Ing basa Inggris: Subjek + will + not + have + been + V3

Pocapan rumus: Sabjek + wil + not + hev + bin + vi thrii

Pronomina Conto Pocapan Arti

I I will not have been invited. Ai wil not hev bin invaitid Aku durung bakal rampung diundang nalika wektu kasebut tekan.

You You will not have been invited. Yu wil not hev bin invaitid Sampeyan durung bakal rampung diundang nalika wektu kasebut tekan.

He He will not have been invited. Hi wil not hev bin invaitid Dheweke lanang durung bakal rampung diundang nalika wektu kasebut tekan.

She She will not have been invited. Syi wil not hev bin invaitid Dheweke wadon durung bakal rampung diundang nalika wektu kasebut tekan.

We We will not have been invited. Wii wil not hev bin invaitid Kita durung bakal rampung diundang nalika wektu kasebut tekan.

They They will not have been invited. Dhei wil not hev bin invaitid Dheweke kabeh durung bakal rampung diundang nalika wektu kasebut tekan.

10. Present Perfect Continuous Passive — Wangun Negatif

Rumus

Ing basa Inggris: Subjek + have/has + not + been + being + V3

Pocapan rumus: Sabjek + hev/hez + not + bin + biing + vi thrii

Pronomina Conto Pocapan Arti

I I have not been being invited. Ai hev not bin biing invaitid Aku durung terus-terusan ana ing proses diundang.

You You have not been being invited. Yu hev not bin biing invaitid Sampeyan durung terus-terusan ana ing proses diundang.

He He has not been being invited. Hi hez not bin biing invaitid Dheweke lanang durung terus-terusan ana ing proses diundang.

She She has not been being invited. Syi hez not bin biing invaitid Dheweke wadon durung terus-terusan ana ing proses diundang.

We We have not been being invited. Wii hev not bin biing invaitid Kita durung terus-terusan ana ing proses diundang.

They They have not been being invited. Dhei hev not bin biing invaitid Dheweke kabeh durung terus-terusan ana ing proses diundang.

⚠️ Wangun iki arang banget ditemokake ing basa Inggris modern lan biasane dihindari.

11. Past Perfect Continuous Passive — Wangun Negatif

Rumus

Ing basa Inggris: Subjek + had + not + been + being + V3

Pocapan rumus: Sabjek + hed + not + bin + biing + vi thrii

Pronomina Conto Pocapan Arti

I I had not been being invited. Ai hed not bin biing invaitid Aku durung terus-terusan ana ing proses diundang sadurunge wektu kasebut.

You You had not been being invited. Yu hed not bin biing invaitid Sampeyan durung terus-terusan ana ing proses diundang sadurunge wektu kasebut.

He He had not been being invited. Hi hed not bin biing invaitid Dheweke lanang durung terus-terusan ana ing proses diundang sadurunge wektu kasebut.

She She had not been being invited. Syi hed not bin biing invaitid Dheweke wadon durung terus-terusan ana ing proses diundang sadurunge wektu kasebut.

We We had not been being invited. Wii hed not bin biing invaitid Kita durung terus-terusan ana ing proses diundang sadurunge wektu kasebut.

They They had not been being invited. Dhei hed not bin biing invaitid Dheweke kabeh durung terus-terusan ana ing proses diundang sadurunge wektu kasebut.

⚠️ Wangun iki arang banget digunakake.

12. Future Perfect Continuous Passive — Wangun Negatif

Rumus

Ing basa Inggris: Subjek + will + not + have + been + being + V3

Pocapan rumus: Sabjek + wil + not + hev + bin + biing + vi thrii

Pronomina Conto Pocapan Arti

I I will not have been being invited. Ai wil not hev bin biing invaitid Aku durung bakal terus-terusan ana ing proses diundang nganti wektu kasebut.

You You will not have been being invited. Yu wil not hev bin biing invaitid Sampeyan durung bakal terus-terusan ana ing proses diundang nganti wektu kasebut.

He He will not have been being invited. Hi wil not hev bin biing invaitid Dheweke lanang durung bakal terus-terusan ana ing proses diundang nganti wektu kasebut.

She She will not have been being invited. Syi wil not hev bin biing invaitid Dheweke wadon durung bakal terus-terusan ana ing proses diundang nganti wektu kasebut.

We We will not have been being invited. Wii wil not hev bin biing invaitid Kita durung bakal terus-terusan ana ing proses diundang nganti wektu kasebut.

They They will not have been being invited. Dhei wil not hev bin biing invaitid Dheweke kabeh durung bakal terus-terusan ana ing proses diundang nganti wektu kasebut.

⚠️ Wangun iki arang banget lan umume diganti nganggo ukara sing luwih alami.

no + noun

Jinis nomina Rumus Pocapan rumus Conto Pocapan Arti

Nomina tunggal sing bisa dietung no + nomina tunggal no + naun no book no buk Ora ana buku.

Nomina jamak no + nomina jamak no + plurel naun no books no buks Ora ana buku-buku.

Nomina sing ora bisa dietung no + nomina sing ora bisa dietung no + ankauntabel naun no water no woter Ora ana banyu.

Nyebut anané barang there is + no + nomina tunggal/ora bisa dietung dher iz + no + naun There is no book. Dher iz no buk Ora ana buku.

Nyebut anané barang jamak there are + no + nomina jamak dher ar + no + plurel naun There are no books. Dher ar no buks Ora ana buku-buku.

Kepemilikan have/has + no + nomina hev/hez + no + naun I have no books. Ai hev no buks Aku ora duwe buku.

8- Pitakon

1 Simple Present Do/Does + subjek + V1...? — Du/Daz + sabjek + vi wan? — Do you work? — Du yu werk? — Apa sampeyan kerja?

2 Simple Past Did + subjek + V1...? — Did + sabjek + vi wan? — Did you work? — Did yu werk? — Apa sampeyan kerja nalika semana?

3 Simple Future Will + subjek + V1...? — Wil + sabjek + vi wan? — Will you work? — Wil yu werk? — Apa sampeyan bakal kerja?

4 Present Continuous Am/Is/Are + subjek + V-ing...? — Em/Iz/Ar + sabjek + vi ing? — Are you working? — Ar yu werking? — Apa sampeyan lagi kerja saiki?

5 Past Continuous Was/Were + subjek + V-ing...? — Woz/Wer + sabjek + vi ing? — Were you working? — Wer yu werking? — Apa sampeyan lagi kerja nalika semana?

6 Future Continuous Will + subjek + be + V-ing...? — Wil + sabjek + bi + vi ing? — Will you be working? — Wil yu bi werking? — Apa sampeyan bakal lagi kerja?

7 Present Perfect Have/Has + subjek + V3...? — Hev/Hez + sabjek + vi thrii? — Have you worked? — Hev yu werkt? — Apa sampeyan wis kerja?

8 Past Perfect Had + subjek + V3...? — Hed + sabjek + vi thrii? — Had you worked? — Hed yu werkt? — Apa sampeyan wis kerja sadurunge kedadeyan liyane?

9 Future Perfect Will + subjek + have + V3...? — Wil + sabjek + hev + vi thrii? — Will you have worked? — Wil yu hev werkt? — Apa sampeyan bakal wis rampung kerja nalika wektu kasebut tekan?

10 Present Perfect Continuous Have/Has + subjek + been + V-ing...? — Hev/Hez + sabjek + bin + vi ing? — Have you been working? — Hev yu bin werking? — Apa sampeyan wis kerja sajrone sawetara wektu?

11 Past Perfect Continuous Had + subjek + been + V-ing...? — Hed + sabjek + bin + vi ing? — Had you been working? — Hed yu bin werking? — Apa sampeyan wis kerja terus-terusan sajrone wektu kasebut?

12 Future Perfect Continuous Will + subjek + have + been + V-ing...? — Wil + sabjek + hev + bin + vi ing? — Will you have been working? — Wil yu hev bin werking? — Apa sampeyan bakal wis kerja terus-terusan nganti wektu kasebut?

Jinis pitakon Rumus Pocapan rumus nganggo aksara Latin

Pitakon babagan barang What + auxiliary + subjek + kriya? Wot + oksileri + sabjek + verb?

Pitakon babagan wong minangka subjek Who + kriya? Hu + verb?

Pitakon babagan wong minangka objek Who/Whom + auxiliary + subjek + kriya? Hu/Hum + oksileri + sabjek + verb?

Pitakon babagan panggonan Where + auxiliary + subjek + kriya? Wher + oksileri + sabjek + verb?

Pitakon babagan wektu When + auxiliary + subjek + kriya? Wen + oksileri + sabjek + verb?

Pitakon babagan sebab Why + auxiliary + subjek + kriya? Wai + oksileri + sabjek + verb?

Pitakon babagan pilihan Which + nomina + auxiliary + subjek + kriya? Wich + naun + oksileri + sabjek + verb?

Pitakon babagan kepemilikan Whose + nomina...? Huz + naun...?

Pitakon babagan cara How + auxiliary + subjek + kriya? Hau + oksileri + sabjek + verb?

Pitakon babagan cacah How many + nomina jamak...? Hau meni + plurel naun...?

Pitakon babagan jumlah sing ora bisa dietung How much + nomina sing ora bisa dietung...? Hau mach + ankauntabel naun...?

Pitakon babagan suwene wektu How long...? Hau long...?

Pitakon babagan sepira kerepe How often...? Hau ofen...?

Pitakon babagan jarak How far...? Hau far...?

Aturan dhasar

Umume pitakon WH manut pola iki:

WH-word + auxiliary + subject + main verb?

WH-werd + oksileri + sabjek + mein verb?

Conto:

Where + do + you + live?

Wher + du + yu + liv?

= Ing endi sampeyan/dheweke manggon?

Nanging yen tembung WH dhewe dadi subjek, biasane ora perlu nggunakake do/does/did:

Who + works here?

Hu werks hir?

= Sapa sing kerja ing kene?

Iki bedane dhasar:

Who did you see? → Hu did yu sii? → Sapa sing sampeyan deleng?

Who saw you? → Hu so yu? → Sapa sing ndeleng sampeyan?

8- Tembung Katrangan (Adverbs)

1. Tembung Katrangan Frekuensi

Jinis Formasi Tembung Katrangan Carane Diucapake Tegese

Frekuensi tansah Tembung katrangan frekuensi + ukara always olweiz tansah

Frekuensi meh tansah Tembung katrangan frekuensi + ukara usually yuzhuali biasane

Frekuensi umum Tembung katrangan frekuensi + ukara normally normali biasane / kanthi lumrah

Frekuensi umum Tembung katrangan frekuensi + ukara generally jenrali umume

Frekuensi umum Tembung katrangan frekuensi + ukara frequently frikwentli kanthi kerep

Frekuensi kadhangkala Tembung katrangan frekuensi + ukara often ofən sering / kerep

Frekuensi kadhangkala Tembung katrangan frekuensi + ukara sometimes samtaimz kadhangkala

Frekuensi arang Tembung katrangan frekuensi + ukara occasionally əkéizhənəli sakwayah-wayah

Frekuensi arang Tembung katrangan frekuensi + ukara rarely rérli arang

Frekuensi arang banget Tembung katrangan frekuensi + ukara seldom seldəm arang banget

Ora ana frekuensi Tembung katrangan frekuensi + ukara never nevər ora tau

Tuladha:

I always study English.

Ai olweiz stadi Inggris.

Aku tansah sinau basa Inggris.

2. Tembung Katrangan Wektu

Jinis Formasi Tembung Katrangan Carane Diucapake Tegese

Wektu saiki Tembung katrangan wektu now nau saiki

Wektu saiki Tembung katrangan wektu currently karentli saiki

Wektu saiki Tembung katrangan wektu presently prézentli saiki

Wektu kepungkur sing cedhak Tembung katrangan wektu recently risentli anyar-anyar iki

Wektu kepungkur Tembung katrangan wektu yesterday yesterdei wingi

Wektu kepungkur Tembung katrangan wektu before bifor sadurunge

Wektu kepungkur Tembung katrangan wektu previously priviyəsli sadurunge

Wektu kepungkur Tembung katrangan wektu formerly formərli sadurunge

Wektu sing isih lumaku Tembung katrangan wektu still stil isih

Wektu mbesuk Tembung katrangan wektu soon sun enggal

Wektu mbesuk Tembung katrangan wektu later leitər mengko

Wektu mbesuk Tembung katrangan wektu eventually iventshuali pungkasane

Wektu luwih awal Tembung katrangan wektu early erli luwih awal

Wektu telat Tembung katrangan wektu late leit telat

Urutan wiwitan Tembung katrangan wektu first fərst kapisan

Urutan pungkasan Tembung katrangan wektu finally fainəli pungkasane

Wektu bebarengan Tembung katrangan wektu meanwhile minwail sajrone wektu iku

Urutan Tembung katrangan wektu then dhen banjur

Urutan Tembung katrangan wektu afterward afterwərd sawise iku

Urutan Tembung katrangan wektu afterwards afterwərdz sawise iku

Urutan Tembung katrangan wektu subsequently sabsikwentli sawise iku

3. Tembung Katrangan sing Nuduhake Wis, Durung, lan Isih

Tembung Katrangan Carane Diucapake Tegese

already olredi wis

yet yet durung / nganti saiki

still stil isih

just jast mung wae / lagi wae

ever evər tau / ing wektu apa wae

never nevər ora tau

once wans sepisan

twice twais kaping pindho

again əgen manèh

again and again əgen end əgen bola-bali

forever forévər salawas-lawase

temporarily temporérili sauntara

permanently pərmənentli salawas-lawase / kanthi permanen

Tuladha:

She has already finished.

Shi haz olredi finisht.

Dheweke wis rampung.

4. Tembung Katrangan Panggonan

Tembung Katrangan Carane Diucapake Tegese

here hir ing kene

there dher ing kana

everywhere evriwer ing endi-endi

somewhere samwer ing sawijining panggonan

anywhere eniwer ing panggonan endi wae

nowhere nowher ora ana panggonan

abroad əbrod ing luar negeri

overseas over-siz ing luar negeri / nyabrang segara

nearby nirbai cedhak

close klous cedhak

far far adoh

away əwei adoh

back bek mbalik / menyang mburi

forward forwərd maju / menyang ngarep

backward bekwərd mundur / menyang mburi

indoors indorz ing njero omah

outdoors autdorz ing njaba omah

upstairs apsterz ing lantai ndhuwur

downstairs daunsterz ing lantai ngisor

inside insaid ing njero

outside autsaid ing njaba

5. Tembung Katrangan Tingkat utawa Derajat

Tembung-tembung iki nuduhake sepira kuwaté sawijining sifat, kriya, utawa tembung katrangan.

Tembung Katrangan Carane Diucapake Tegese

very veri banget

really rili satemene / banget

extremely ikstrimli luwih banget

highly haili kanthi tingkat dhuwur

absolutely absəlutli sakabehe / pancen

completely kəmplitli sakabehe

totally toutəli sakabehe

entirely entairli sakabehe

fully fuli kanthi lengkap

quite kwait cukup / rada banget, gumantung konteks

rather radhər cukup / rada

fairly ferli cukup

pretty priti cukup banget

somewhat samwat rada

slightly slaitli sithik

a little ə litəl sithik

too tu kakehan / luwih saka sing dibutuhake

enough inəf cukup

almost olmost meh

nearly nirli meh

barely berli mung sithik / meh ora

hardly hardli meh ora

scarcely skersli meh ora

deeply dipli kanthi jero / banget

greatly greitli kanthi gedhe banget

so sou banget / nganti kaya mangkono

such sach kaya mangkono

a lot ə lot akeh / banget

a bit ə bit sithik

a little bit ə litəl bit sithik banget

Tuladha:

The movie is extremely interesting.

Dhe muvii iz ikstrimli intristing.

Film iku narik kawigaten banget.

6. Tembung Katrangan Kamungkinan lan Kapastian

Tembung Katrangan Carane Diucapake Tegese

certainly sərtənli mesthi

definitely definitli mesthi

surely shurli mesthi

probably probəbli mbokmenawa / kamungkinan gedhe

possibly posəbli bisa uga

perhaps pərhaps mbokmenawa

maybe meibi mbokmenawa

apparently əperəntli kaya-kaya / miturut sing katon

evidently evidentli katon cetha / miturut bukti

clearly klirli cetha

obviously obviəsli cetha banget

presumably prizuməbli miturut prakiraan

supposedly səpouzədli miturut kabar / kudune

undoubtedly andautədli ora diragukake

arguably argyuəbli bisa dipandhang mangkono

likely laikli mungkin / kamungkinan gedhe

unlikely anlaikli ora mungkin

7. Tembung Katrangan Sikap lan Panemu Pamicara

Klompok iki diarani sentence adverbs utawa stance adverbs, amarga nuduhake sikap pamicara marang ukara.

Tembung Katrangan Carane Diucapake Tegese

fortunately forchənətli untunge

unfortunately anforchənətli sayange

luckily lakili untunge

sadly sadli sayange / kanthi sedhih

honestly onistli kanthi jujur

frankly frengkli kanthi blaka

personally pərsənəli miturut panemuku

seriously siriyəsli kanthi serius

technically teknikəli miturut teknis

basically beisikəli ing dasare

generally jenrəli umume

normally norməli biasane

naturally nachərəli kanthi alami / lumrahe

ideally aidiyəli ing kahanan sing paling becik

theoretically thiyəretikəli miturut teori

practically praktikəli kanthi praktis

politically pəlitikəli kanthi politik

economically ikənomikəli kanthi ekonomi

personally pərsənəli miturut panemuku

surprisingly sərpraizingli kanthi nggumunake

strangely streinjli kanthi aneh

interestingly intristingli kanthi menarik

importantly importəntli kanthi penting

especially ispeshəli utamane

particularly pərtikyələrli khususe

8. Tembung Katrangan Watesan utawa Penekanan

Tembung Katrangan Carane Diucapake Tegese

only ounli mung

just jast mung / wae

even ivən malah

also olso uga

too tu uga

as well əz wel uga

mainly meinli utamane

mostly moustli umume / akeh-akehe

merely mirli mung

simply simpli kanthi prasaja / mung

particularly pərtikyələrli khususe

especially ispeshəli utamane

exactly igzaktli pas banget

precisely prisaisli kanthi pas / persis

specifically spəsifikli kanthi khusus

solely soul-li mung / siji-sijine

largely larjli sebagean gedhe

even ivən malah

indeed indid pancen / tenan

Tuladha:

Only John knows the answer.

Ounli Jon nouz dhi anser.

Mung John sing ngerti jawabane.

9. Tembung Katrangan Negatif

Tembung Katrangan Carane Diucapake Tegese

not not ora / dudu

never nevər ora tau

nowhere nowher ora ana panggonan

hardly hardli meh ora

scarcely skersli meh ora

barely berli mung sithik / meh ora

rarely rérli arang

seldom seldəm arang

Cathetan penting:

not minangka tembung sing digunakake kanggo mbentuk ukara negatif.

I do not work.

Ai du not werk.

Aku ora nyambut gawe.

10. Tembung Katrangan Asil lan Akibat

Tembung Katrangan Carane Diucapake Tegese

therefore dherfor mula / mulane

thus dhas mangkono / mula

consequently konsikwentli mula / minangka akibat

accordingly əkordingli miturut kuwi

hence hens mula / mula saka kuwi

otherwise adherwaiz yen ora / kosok baline

Tuladha:

He was sick; therefore, he stayed home.

Hi waz sik; dherfor, hi steid houm.

Dheweke lara; mula, dheweke tetep ana ing omah.

11. Tembung Katrangan Tambahan lan Gegayutan

Tembung Katrangan Carane Diucapake Tegese

also olso uga

too tu uga

additionally ədishənəli saliyane kuwi

moreover morouver luwih maneh

furthermore fərdhermor saliyane kuwi

besides bisaidz saliyane kuwi

likewise laikwaiz mangkono uga

similarly similərli kanthi cara sing padha

12. Tembung Katrangan Pepadhan lan Perbandingan

Tembung Katrangan Carane Diucapake Tegese

similarly similərli kanthi cara sing padha

likewise laikwaiz mangkono uga

equally ikwəli padha rata

similarly similərli kanthi cara sing padha

comparatively kəmperətivli kanthi perbandingan

relatively relətivli kanthi relatif

correspondingly kорəspondingli selaras karo kuwi

13. Tembung Katrangan Transisi lan Urutan

Digunakake kanggo nyambungake gagasan lan ngatur wacana.

Tembung Katrangan Carane Diucapake Tegese

however hau-ever nanging / sanadyan mangkono

therefore dherfor mula

moreover morouver luwih maneh

furthermore fərdhermor saliyane kuwi

nevertheless neverdheles sanadyan mangkono

nonetheless non-dheles sanadyan mangkono

meanwhile minwail sajrone wektu iku

instead insted ngganti kuwi

otherwise adherwaiz yen ora / kosok baline

consequently konsikwentli mula

subsequently sabsikwentli sawise iku

alternatively olternətivli minangka pilihan liyane

finally fainəli pungkasane

firstly fərstli kaping pisan

secondly sekəndli kaping pindho

thirdly therdli kaping telu

next nekst sabanjure

then dhen banjur

afterward afterwərd sawise iku

14. Tembung Katrangan Pitakon

Digunakake ing pitakonan WH kanggo takon babagan cara, tingkat, wektu, panggonan, lan frekuensi.

Tembung Carane Diucapake Tegese

how hau kepiye

when wen kapan

where wer ing endi

why wai kenapa

how much hau mach pira / sepira akehe

how many hau meni pira cacahé

how often hau ofən pira kerepe

how long hau long suwene pira

how far hau far pira adohe

how soon hau sun suwene nganti kedadeyan / sepira enggal

how well hau wel sakpira becike

how quickly hau kwikli sakpira cepete

Tuladha:

How often do you exercise?

Hau ofən du yu eksərsaiz?

Sepira kerepe kowe olahraga?

15. Tembung Katrangan Cara

Nerangake kepriye sawijining tumindak ditindakake.

Tembung Katrangan Carane Diucapake Tegese

quickly kwikli kanthi cepet

slowly slouli kanthi alon

carefully kerfəli kanthi ngati-ati

easily izili kanthi gampang

badly badli kanthi ala

well wel kanthi becik

clearly klirli kanthi cetha

quietly kwaiətli kanthi meneng

loudly laudli kanthi swara banter

secretly sikrətli kanthi meneng-meneng

openly oupənli kanthi terang-terangan

together təgedher bareng-bareng

apart əpart pisah

directly direktli kanthi langsung

indirectly indirektli kanthi ora langsung

deliberately dilibərətli kanthi sengaja

accidentally aksidentəli ora sengaja

carefully kerfəli kanthi ngati-ati

successfully səksesfəli kanthi sukses

differently difrəntli kanthi cara sing beda

16. Tembung Katrangan Pangarep-arep lan Prakiraan

Tembung Katrangan Carane Diucapake Tegese

hopefully houpfəli muga-muga

presumably prizuməbli miturut prakiraan

supposedly səpouzədli miturut sing dianggep

predictably pridiktəbli kaya sing wis diprakirakake

unexpectedly anikspektədli kanthi ora dinyana

inevitably inevitəbli mesthi kedadeyan / ora bisa diendhani

eventually iventshuali pungkasane

17. Tembung Katrangan Urutan

Tembung Katrangan Carane Diucapake Tegese

first fərst kaping pisan

firstly fərstli kaping pisan

second sekənd kaping pindho

secondly sekəndli kaping pindho

third therd kaping telu

thirdly therdli kaping telu

next nekst sabanjure

then dhen banjur

finally fainəli pungkasane

lastly lastli pungkasan

18. Tembung Katrangan Penegasan

Tembung Katrangan Carane Diucapake Tegese

certainly sərtənli mesthi

definitely definitli mesthi

indeed indid pancen

really rili tenan

truly truli satemene

absolutely absəlutli pancen / sakabehe

actually əkchuali satemene / nyatane

literally litərəli kanthi teges harfiah

genuinely jenyuinli satemene / kanthi tulus

clearly klirli cetha

obviously obviəsli cetha banget

surely shurli mesthi

right (as a sentence adverb) rait tepat / bener

19. Tembung Katrangan Klarifikasi lan Panjelasan

Tembung Katrangan Carane Diucapake Tegese

actually əkchuali nyatane

really rili satemene

rather radhər luwih becik / rada

instead insted ngganti kuwi

specifically spəsifikli kanthi khusus

precisely prisaisli kanthi pas

exactly igzaktli persis

namely neimli yaiku / luwih tepaté

simply simpli kanthi prasaja

basically beisikəli ing dasare

20. Tembung Katrangan Perkiraan

Tembung Katrangan Carane Diucapake Tegese

almost olmost meh

nearly nirli meh

approximately əproksimətli kira-kira

roughly rafli kira-kira

about əbaut kira-kira

around əraund kira-kira

virtually vərchuali meh / kanthi praktis

practically praktikəli meh / ing praktik

roughly rafli kira-kira

21. Tembung Katrangan Pambates

Tembung Katrangan Carane Diucapake Tegese

only ounli mung

merely mirli mung

solely soul-li mung / siji-sijine

exclusively iksklusivli khusus mung kanggo kuwi

otherwise adherwaiz yen ora

apart əpart pisah / kajaba

22. Tembung Katrangan Sakabehe

Tembung Katrangan Carane Diucapake Tegese

altogether oltəgedher kabeh / sakabehe

entirely entairli sakabehe

completely kəmplitli sakabehe

fully fuli kanthi lengkap

wholly houli sakabehe

universally yunivərsəli kanthi universal / ing saindenging jagad

23. Tembung Katrangan sing Gegayutan karo Ukara lan Informasi

Klompok iki kalebu sentence adverbs:

Tembung Katrangan Carane Diucapake Tegese

actually əkchuali nyatane

apparently əperəntli kaya-kaya / miturut sing katon

certainly sərtənli mesthi

clearly klirli cetha

definitely definitli mesthi

evidently evidentli katon cetha

fortunately forchənətli untunge

frankly frengkli kanthi blaka

generally jenrəli umume

honestly onistli kanthi jujur

ideally aidiyəli ing kahanan sing paling becik

indeed indid pancen

naturally nachərəli kanthi alami / lumrahe

obviously obviəsli cetha banget

personally pərsənəli miturut panemuku

perhaps pərhaps mbokmenawa

probably probəbli kamungkinan gedhe

seriously siriyəsli kanthi serius

surely shurli mesthi

surprisingly sərpraizingli kanthi nggumunake

theoretically thiyəretikəli miturut teori

unfortunately anforchənətli sayange

Jinis Formasi Carane Diucapake Tuladha Carane Diucapake Tegese

Tembung katrangan saka tembung sifat – cara dhasar Tembung sifat + -ly Adjective + -ly quick → quickly kwik → kwikli cepet → kanthi cepet

Tembung sifat sing pungkasan nganggo y Ganti y dadi i + -ly Adjective − y + -ily happy → happily hapi → hapili bungah → kanthi bungah

Tembung sifat sing pungkasan nganggo -le Busak e + -y Adjective − e + -y gentle → gently jentəl → jentli alus → kanthi alus

Tembung sifat sing pungkasan nganggo -ic Tembung sifat + -ally Adjective + -ally basic → basically beisik → beisikəli dhasar → ing dasare

Sawetara tembung sifat sing pungkasan nganggo -ic Tembung sifat + -ally Adjective + -ally dramatic → dramatically drəmatik → drəmatikəli dramatis → kanthi dramatis

Sawetara tembung sifat sing pungkasan nganggo -ue Tembung sifat + -ly Adjective + -ly true → truly tru → truli bener → satemene

Tembung sifat sing pungkasan nganggo -ll Tembung sifat + -y Adjective + -y full → fully ful → fuli penuh → kanthi lengkap

Tembung sifat sing ora owah Padha karo tembung asline same word fast → fast fast → fast cepet → kanthi cepet

Tembung sifat sing ora owah Padha karo tembung asline same word hard → hard hard → hard abot / sregep → kanthi sregep

Tembung sifat sing ora owah Padha karo tembung asline same word late → late leit → leit telat → kanthi telat

Tembung sifat sing ora owah Padha karo tembung asline same word early → early erli → erli awal → kanthi awal

Tembung katrangan ora beraturan Wujud khusus irregular form good → well gud → wel apik → kanthi apik

Tembung katrangan saka tembung aran Tembung aran + -ward/-wards Noun + -ward/-wards home → homeward houm → houmwərd omah → menyang omah

Tembung katrangan saka tembung aran Tembung aran + -wise Noun + -wise clock → clockwise klok → klokwaiz jarum jam → searah jarum jam

Tembung katrangan majemuk Tembung + tembung Word + word somehow sam-hau kanthi sawijining cara

Tembung katrangan majemuk Tembung + tembung Word + word everywhere evriwer ing endi-endi

Frasa katrangan Frasa + tembung aran utawa preposisi Adverbial phrase in the morning in dhi morning esuk-esuk

9- Tembung Pangubung (CONJUNCTIONS)

. Tembung pangubung koordinatif — Coordinating Conjunctions

Tembung pangubung iki nyambungake unsur-unsur sing padha drajate ing tata basa.

Tembung pangubung Carane maca Artine

and ænd lan

but bat nanging

or or utawa

nor nor lan ora

for for amarga / awit

yet yet nanging / sanadyan mangkono

so so dadi / mula

FANBOYS

For — for

And — ænd

Nor — nor

But — bat

Or — or

Yet — yet

So — so

I was tired, but I worked.

Ai wəz taiərd, bat ai wərkt.

Aku kesel, nanging aku tetep nyambut gawe.

2. Tembung pangubung subordinatif — Subordinating Conjunctions

Tembung pangubung iki nyambungake klausa bawahan karo klausa utama.

Sebab

Tembung pangubung Carane maca Artine

because bikoz / koz amarga

since sins amarga / wiwit

as əz amarga / nalika

seeing that sii-ing dhæt amarga wis cetha yen

seeing as sii-ing æz amarga

now that nau dhæt saiki amarga / amarga saiki

given that givən dhæt amarga dianggep yen

considering that kən-sidər-ing dhæt ngelingi yen

inasmuch as in-əz-matsh æz amarga / ngelingi yen

insofar as in-so-far æz sajrone / nganti sepira

insomuch as in-so-matsh æz amarga nganti tingkat tartamtu

in that in dhæt amarga

I stayed home because I was tired.

Ai steid houm bikoz ai wəz taiərd.

Aku tetep ana ing omah amarga aku kesel.

3. Tembung pangubung syarat

Tembung pangubung Carane maca Artine

if if yen

unless an-les yen ora / kajaba yen

provided prə-vai-did kanthi syarat

provided that prə-vai-did dhæt kanthi syarat yen

providing prə-vai-ding kanthi syarat

providing that prə-vai-ding dhæt kanthi syarat yen

as long as əz long æz sajrone / anggere

so long as so long æz anggere

on condition that on kən-dishən dhæt kanthi syarat yen

in case in keis yen kedadeyan / kanggo jaga-jaga

in the event that in dhi i-vent dhæt yen kedadeyan

assuming that ə-su-ming dhæt kanthi nganggep yen

supposing that sə-po-zing dhæt upamane yen

suppose that sə-poz dhæt upamane yen

given that givən dhæt ngelingi yen

granted that græn-tid dhæt sanadyan diakoni yen

granting that græn-ting dhæt sanadyan dianggep yen

If you study, you will learn.

If yu stadi, yu wil lern.

Yen kowe sinau, kowe bakal ngerti.

4. Tembung pangubung konsesi lan kontras

Tembung pangubung Carane maca Artine

although ol-dhou sanadyan

though dhou sanadyan

even though iivən dhou sanadyan

even if iivən if sanadyan yen

whereas wer-æz dene / nanging

while wail dene / nalika

whilst wailst dene / nalika

albeit ol-bii-it sanadyan

much as matsh æz sanadyan

however much hau-evər matsh senajan sepira gedhene

no matter how no mæ-tər hau ora preduli kepriye

no matter what no mæ-tər wot ora preduli apa

no matter who no mæ-tər hu ora preduli sapa

no matter where no mæ-tər wer ora preduli ing ngendi

no matter when no mæ-tər wen ora preduli kapan

no matter which no mæ-tər witsh ora preduli sing endi

Even though he was tired, he continued.

Iivən dhou hii wəz taiərd, hii kən-tin-yuud.

Sanadyan dheweke kesel, dheweke tetep nerusake.

5. Tembung pangubung wektu

Tembung pangubung Carane maca Artine

when wen nalika

whenever wen-evər saben wektu / kapan wae

while wail nalika

whilst wailst nalika

before bi-for sadurunge

after af-tər sawise

until / till / 'til / 'till an-til / til / til / til nganti

since sins wiwit

once wans sawise / nalika wis

as soon as əz suun æz sanalika

as long as əz long æz sajrone / anggere

so long as so long æz anggere

by the time bai dhi taim nganti wektu nalika

every time ev-ri taim saben wektu

each time iitsh taim saben wektu

the moment dhi mou-mənt sanalika

the minute dhi min-it sanalika

the instant dhi in-stənt sanalika

directly də-rekt-li sanalika

immediately i-mii-di-ət-li sanalika

hardly... when hard-li... wen lagi wae... nalika

scarcely... when sker-sli... wen lagi wae... nalika

no sooner... than no suunər... dhæn ora suwe... banjur

Call me when you arrive.

Kol mii wen yu ə-raiv.

Telpon aku nalika kowe tekan.

6. Tembung pangubung tujuan

Tembung pangubung Carane maca Artine

so that so dhæt supaya

in order that in or-dər dhæt supaya

lest lest supaya ora / wedi yen

for fear that for fiər dhæt amarga wedi yen

in case in keis kanggo jaga-jaga

I studied hard so that I could pass.

Ai sta-diid hard so dhæt ai kud pas.

Aku sinau tenanan supaya bisa lulus.

7. Tembung pangubung asil

Tembung pangubung Carane maca Artine

so... that so... dhæt nganti... saengga

such... that satsh... dhæt semono... nganti

so that so dhæt saengga / nganti

such that satsh dhæt kanthi cara nganti

He was so tired that he slept immediately.

Hii wəz so taiərd dhæt hii slept i-mii-di-ət-li.

Dheweke kesel banget nganti langsung turu.

8. Tembung pangubung perbandingan

Tembung pangubung Carane maca Artine

than dhæn katimbang

as... as əz... æz sak... kaya

not as... as not æz... æz ora padha... karo

as if əz if kaya-kaya

as though əz dhou kaya-kaya

just as jast æz padha kaya

the more... the more dhi mor... dhi mor saya... saya

the more... the less dhi mor... dhi les saya akeh... saya sithik

the less... the more dhi les... dhi mor saya sithik... saya akeh

the less... the less dhi les... dhi les saya sithik... saya sithik

She is taller than I am.

Shii iz tol-ər dhæn ai æm.

Dheweke luwih dhuwur tinimbang aku.

9. Tembung pangubung cara lan pepadhan

Tembung pangubung Carane maca Artine

as əz kaya

as if əz if kaya-kaya

as though əz dhou kaya-kaya

just as jast æz padha kaya

the way dhi wei cara sing

in the way that in dhi wei dhæt cara sing

however hau-evər kepriye wae / kanthi cara apa wae

however you hau-evər yu kepriye wae

He talks as if he knows everything.

Hii toks æz if hii nouz ev-ri-thing.

Dheweke ngomong kaya-kaya ngerti kabeh.

10. Tembung pangubung pilihan

Tembung pangubung Carane maca Artine

or or utawa

either... or ii-dhər... or antara... utawa

whether... or we-dhər... or apa... utawa

whether... or not we-dhər... or not apa... utawa ora

Either you come or I leave.

Ii-dhər yu kam or ai liiv.

Yen kowe teka, utawa aku lunga.

11. Tembung pangubung pasangan

Correlative Conjunctions

Wangun Carane maca Artine

both... and bouth... ænd loro-lorone... lan

either... or ii-dhər... or antarane... utawa

neither... nor nai-dhər... nor ora... lan uga ora

not only... but also not oun-li... bat ol-so ora mung... nanging uga

whether... or we-dhər... or apa... utawa

whether... or not we-dhər... or not apa... utawa ora

rather... than ræ-dhər... dhæn luwih milih... tinimbang

no sooner... than no suunər... dhæn ora suwe... banjur

hardly... when hard-li... wen lagi wae... nalika

scarcely... when sker-sli... wen lagi wae... nalika

barely... when ber-li... wen lagi wae... nalika

the more... the more dhi mor... dhi mor saya... saya

the more... the less dhi mor... dhi les saya akeh... saya sithik

the less... the more dhi les... dhi mor saya sithik... saya akeh

the less... the less dhi les... dhi les saya sithik... saya sithik

12. Tembung pangubung tambahan

Tembung pangubung Carane maca Artine

and ænd lan

as well as əz wel æz uga / saliyane

not to mention not tu men-shən ora perlu nyebut

besides bi-saidz saliyane

let alone let ə-loun ora maneh

much less matsh les luwih-luwih ora

to say nothing of tu sei na-thing əv ora perlu ngomong babagan

apart from ə-part from saliyane / kajaba

aside from ə-said from saliyane / kajaba

Sawetara ekspresi iki bisa uga awujud frasa preposisional lan digunakake kanggo nyambungake gagasan, sanajan ora kabeh diklasifikasikake minangka conjunctions.

13. Tembung pangubung pangecualian

Tembung pangubung Carane maca Artine

except that ik-sept dhæt kajaba yen

except when ik-sept wen kajaba nalika

except if ik-sept if kajaba yen

save that seiv dhæt kajaba yen

but that bat dhæt kejaba yen

unless an-les kajaba yen / yen ora

14. Tembung pangubung asumsi

Tembung pangubung Carane maca Artine

assuming that ə-su-ming dhæt kanthi nganggep yen

supposing that sə-po-zing dhæt upamane yen

suppose that sə-poz dhæt upamane yen

presuming that pri-zu-ming dhæt kanthi nganggep yen

provided that prə-vai-did dhæt kanthi syarat yen

providing that prə-vai-ding dhæt kanthi syarat yen

given that givən dhæt ngelingi yen

granting that græn-ting dhæt sanadyan dianggep yen

granted that græn-tid dhæt sanadyan diakoni yen

15. Tembung pangubung bebas

Tembung pangubung Carane maca Artine

whoever hu-evər sapa wae

whomever huum-evər sapa wae sing dadi objek tumindak

whatever wot-evər apa wae

whichever witsh-evər endi wae

wherever wer-evər ing ngendi wae

whenever wen-evər kapan wae

however hau-evər kepriye wae

Whoever comes can enter.

Hu-evər kamz kæn en-tər.

Sapa wae sing teka bisa mlebu.

Whatever you choose is fine.

Wot-evər yu tshuuz iz fain.

Apa wae sing kokpilih ora masalah.

16. Tembung pangubung kuna lan resmi

Tembung-tembung iki isih ana ing basa Inggris, nanging ora kerep digunakake ing pacelathon saben dina:

Tembung Carane maca Artine

albeit ol-bii-it sanadyan

albeit that ol-bii-it dhæt sanadyan yen

albeit when ol-bii-it wen sanadyan nalika

albeit with ol-bii-it with sanadyan karo

insofar as in-so-far æz sajrone

inasmuch as in-əz-matsh æz amarga

insomuch as in-so-matsh æz nganti tingkat tartamtu

notwithstanding that not-with-stæn-ding dhæt sanadyan mangkono

whereas wer-æz dene / nanging

whilst wailst nalika

lest lest supaya ora

save that seiv dhæt kajaba yen

provided that prə-vai-did dhæt kanthi syarat yen

supposing that sə-po-zing dhæt upamane yen

17. Tembung sing katon kaya conjunctions, nanging sejatine dudu conjunctions biasa

Tembung-tembung iki kerep digunakake kanggo nyambungake ukara, nanging kanthi tata basa kalebu adverbia konjungtif:

Tembung Carane maca Klasifikasi umum Artine

however hau-evər conjunctive adverb nanging

therefore dher-for conjunctive adverb mula

moreover mor-ou-vər conjunctive adverb saliyane iku

furthermore fər-dhər-mor conjunctive adverb luwih maneh

nevertheless ne-vər-dhə-les conjunctive adverb sanadyan mangkono

nonetheless non-dhə-les conjunctive adverb sanadyan mangkono

consequently kon-si-kwənt-li conjunctive adverb mula / akibate

otherwise adər-waiz conjunctive adverb yen ora

instead in-sted conjunctive adverb minangka gantine

meanwhile min-wail conjunctive adverb sauntara kuwi

thus dhas conjunctive adverb mula / kanthi mangkono

hence hens conjunctive adverb mula / saka kuwi

Tuladha:

I was tired; however, I worked.

Ai wəz taiərd; hau-evər, ai wərkt.

Aku kesel; nanging, aku tetep nyambut gawe.

Tembung however ora digunakake kanthi cara sing padha karo but ing saben ukara.

Aja nyalin panggunaan iki:

❌ I was tired, however I worked.

Wangun sing luwih bener:

✅ I was tired, but I worked.

Utawa:

✅ I was tired; however, I worked.

If only -> muga-muga / saupama

If only I played -> Muga-muga aku bisa main.

Anyway/Anyways -> pokoke / piye wae

10- Tembung ancer-ancer (PREPOSITIONS)

Tembung ancer-ancer dhasar

Tembung ancer-ancer Carane maca Artine Tuladha ukara Carane maca Terjemahan

about ə-baut babagan / ngenani We talked about the problem. Wii tokt ə-baut dhə problem. Kita ngomong babagan masalah kasebut.

above ə-bav ing ndhuwur The lamp is above the table. Dhə læmp iz ə-bav dhə teibəl. Lampu ana ing ndhuwur meja.

across ə-kros nyabrang / ing sisih liyane We walked across the street. Wii wokt ə-kros dhə striit. Kita mlaku nyabrang dalan.

after af-tər sawise We met after lunch. Wii met af-tər lantsh. Kita ketemu sawise nedha awan.

against ə-genst nglawan / nempel ing The ladder is against the wall. Dhə lædər iz ə-genst dhə wol. Tangga iku disandharake ing tembok.

along ə-long sadawane We walked along the river. Wii wokt ə-long dhə rivər. Kita mlaku sadawane kali.

amid ə-mid ing tengah He stood amid the crowd. Hii stud ə-mid dhə kraud. Dheweke ngadeg ing tengah-tengah wong akeh.

among ə-mang ing antarane She was among friends. Shii wəz ə-mang frendz. Dheweke ana ing antarane kanca-kancane.

around ə-raund ngubengi We sat around the table. Wii sæ t ə-raund dhə teibəl. Kita lungguh ngubengi meja.

at æt ing / ing panggonan tartamtu I am at school. Ai æm æt skuul. Aku ana ing sekolah.

before bi-for sadurunge Come before noon. Kam bi-for nuun. Teka sadurunge awan.

behind bi-haind ing mburi The car is behind the house. Dhə kar iz bi-haind dhə haus. Mobil ana ing mburi omah.

below bi-lou ing ngisor The temperature is below zero. Dhə tem-prə-chər iz bi-lou zii-rou. Suhu ana ing ngisor nol.

beneath bi-niith ing ngisor The keys are beneath the book. Dhə kiiz ar bi-niith dhə buk. Kunci ana ing ngisor buku.

beside bi-said ing sandhinge Sit beside me. Sit bi-said mii. Lungguh ing sandhingku.

besides bi-saidz saliyane Besides English, she speaks Arabic. Bii-saidz Ing-glish, shii spiiks Æ-rə-bik. Saliyane basa Inggris, dheweke bisa basa Arab.

between bi-twiin ing antarane loro The shop is between two buildings. Dhə shop iz bi-twiin tuu bil-dingz. Toko ana ing antarane rong bangunan.

beyond bi-yond ngluwihi / ing sisih adoh The village is beyond the mountain. Dhə vilij iz bi-yond dhə maun-tən. Desa iku ana ing sisih liya gunung.

by bai dening / ing cedhak / sadurunge wektu tartamtu The book was written by her. Dhə buk wəz ritən bai hər. Buku iku ditulis dening dheweke.

concerning kən-sər-ning babagan We talked concerning the project. Wii tokt kən-sər-ning dhə proj-ekt. Kita ngomong babagan proyek kasebut.

despite di-spait sanadyan Despite the rain, we went out. Di-spait dhə rein, wii went aut. Sanadyan udan, kita metu.

down daun menyang ngisor He walked down the hill. Hii wokt daun dhə hil. Dheweke mlaku mudhun saka bukit.

during dyu-ring sajrone I slept during the flight. Ai slept dyu-ring dhə flait. Aku turu sajrone penerbangan.

except ik-sept kajaba Everyone came except John. Ev-ri-wan keim ik-sept Jon. Kabeh teka kajaba John.

for for kanggo / sajrone This gift is for you. Dhis gift iz for yu. Hadiah iki kanggo kowe.

from from saka I came from Kuwait. Ai keim from Ku-wait. Aku teka saka Kuwait.

in in ing njero / ing She is in the room. Shii iz in dhə ruum. Dheweke ana ing kamar.

inside in-said ing njero The keys are inside the bag. Dhə kiiz ar in-said dhə bæg. Kunci ana ing njero tas.

into in-tu menyang njero He went into the room. Hii went in-tu dhə ruum. Dheweke mlebu menyang kamar.

like laik kaya He runs like a professional. Hii ranz laik ə prə-fesh-ə-nəl. Dheweke mlayu kaya wong profesional.

near niər cedhak I live near the school. Ai liv niər dhə skuul. Aku manggon cedhak sekolah.

of əv saka / duweke The door of the house is open. Dhə dor əv dhə haus iz ou-pən. Lawang omah iku mbukak.

off of adoh saka / mudhun saka Take your shoes off the table. Teik yor shuuz of dhə teibəl. Resikana sepatumu saka meja.

on on ing ndhuwur The book is on the table. Dhə buk iz on dhə teibəl. Buku ana ing ndhuwur meja.

onto on-tu menyang ndhuwur The cat jumped onto the table. Dhə kæt jampt on-tu dhə teibəl. Kucing mlumpat munggah menyang meja.

opposite op-ə-zit ngarepe / ing sebrang The bank is opposite the hotel. Dhə bænk iz op-ə-zit dhə hou-tel. Bank ana ing sebrang hotel.

out aut metu / menyang njaba He went out the door. Hii went aut dhə dor. Dheweke metu liwat lawang.

outside aut-said ing njaba They are outside the house. Dhei ar aut-said dhə haus. Dheweke ana ing njaba omah.

over ou-vər ing ndhuwur / ngliwati The plane flew over the city. Dhə plein flu ou-vər dhə si-ti. Pesawat mabur ing ndhuwur kutha.

past pæst ngliwati We walked past the school. Wii wokt pæst dhə skuul. Kita mlaku ngliwati sekolah.

regarding ri-gar-ding babagan I have a question regarding the plan. Ai hæv ə kwes-chən ri-gar-ding dhə plæn. Aku duwe pitakon babagan rencana kasebut.

round raund ngubengi We walked round the park. Wii wokt raund dhə park. Kita mlaku ngubengi taman.

since sins wiwit wektu tartamtu Aku wis manggon ing kene wiwit taun 2020.

through thruu liwat / ngliwati We walked through the tunnel. Wii wokt thruu dhə ta-nəl. Kita mlaku liwat trowongan.

throughout thruu-aut sajrone wektu kabeh It rained throughout the day. It reind thruu-aut dhə dei. Udan sedina muput.

till til nganti Wait till tomorrow. Weit til tə-mo-rou. Entenana nganti sesuk.

to tu menyang I went to school. Ai went tu skuul. Aku lunga menyang sekolah.

toward tə-word menyang / arah He walked toward me. Hii wokt tə-word mii. Dheweke mlaku nyedhaki aku.

towards tə-wordz menyang / arah She ran towards the door. Shii ræn tə-wordz dhə dor. Dheweke mlayu menyang lawang.

under an-dər ing ngisor The cat is under the table. Dhə kæt iz an-dər dhə teibəl. Kucing ana ing ngisor meja.

underneath an-dər-niith ing sangisore The bag is underneath the chair. Dhə bæg iz an-dər-niith dhə tшер. Tas ana ing sangisore kursi.

unlike an-laik ora kaya / beda karo Unlike him, I am quiet. An-laik him, ai æm kwai-ət. Beda karo dheweke, aku meneng.

until an-til nganti Stay here until Friday. Stei hiər an-til frai-dei. Tetep ana ing kene nganti dina Jumuah.

up ap munggah He walked up the stairs. Hii wokt ap dhə sterz. Dheweke munggah undhak-undhakan.

upon ə-pon ing / nalika Upon arrival, call me. Ə-pon ə-rai-vəl, kol mii. Nalika tekan, telpon aku.

via vai-ə / vii-ə liwat We traveled via Dubai. Wii træ-vəld vai-ə Du-bai. Kita lelungan liwat Dubai.

with with karo / kanthi I went with my brother. Ai went with mai bra-dhər. Aku lunga karo sedulurku.

within wi-dhin ing njero wektu / sajrone Finish it within an hour. Fi-nish it wi-dhin ən au-ər. Rampungna sajrone sakjam.

without wi-dhaut tanpa He left without his phone. Hii left wi-dhaut hiz foun. Dheweke lunga tanpa nggawa telpone.

2. Tembung ancer-ancer majemuk

Ekspresi iki dumadi saka luwih saka siji tembung, nanging digunakake bebarengan.

Ekspresi Carane maca Artine Tuladha Carane maca Terjemahan

according to ə-kor-ding tu miturut According to the report, sales increased. Ə-kor-ding tu dhə ri-port, seilz in-kriist. Miturut laporan kasebut, dodolan mundhak.

ahead of ə-hed əv ing ngarep / luwih dhisik She arrived ahead of us. Shii ə-raivd ə-hed əv as. Dheweke teka luwih dhisik tinimbang kita.

along with ə-long with karo / bebarengan karo He came along with his brother. Hii keim ə-long with hiz bra-dhər. Dheweke teka karo sedulure.

apart from ə-part from kajaba / saliyane Apart from John, everyone agreed. Ə-part from Jon, ev-ri-wan ə-griid. Kajaba John, kabeh padha sarujuk.

as for əz for yen babagan As for me, I agree. Əz for mii, ai ə-grii. Yen babagan aku, aku sarujuk.

as of əz əv wiwit / wiwit tanggal As of Monday, the rule applies. Əz əv Man-dei, dhə ruul ə-plai-z. Aturan kasebut wiwit ditrapake dina Senin.

as to əz tu babagan / ngenani There is uncertainty as to the cause. Dher iz an-sər-tən-ti æz tu dhə koz. Ana kahanan sing durung mesthi babagan sababe.

because of bi-koz əv amarga We stayed home because of the rain. Wii steid houm bi-koz əv dhə rein. Kita tetep ana ing omah amarga udan.

by means of bai miinz əv kanthi nggunakake We solved it by means of a computer. Wii solvd it bai miinz əv ə kəm-pyu-tər. Kita ngrampungake kanthi nggunakake komputer.

by way of bai wei əv liwat / kanthi cara We went by way of London. Wii went bai wei əv Lan-dən. Kita lunga liwat London.

close to klous tu cedhak The school is close to my house. Dhə skuul iz klous tu mai haus. Sekolah cedhak omahku.

due to dyu tu amarga The flight was delayed due to fog. Dhə flait wəz di-leid dyu tu fog. Penerbangan telat amarga pedhut.

except for ik-sept for kajaba Everyone came except for Mary. Ev-ri-wan keim ik-sept for Me-ri. Kabeh teka kajaba Mary.

far from far from adoh saka / ora babar pisan The answer is far from simple. Dhi an-sər iz far from sim-pəl. Wangsulane ora gampang babar pisan.

in addition to in ə-di-shən tu saliyane In addition to English, he studies Arabic. In ə-di-shən tu Ing-glish, hii sta-diiz Æ-rə-bik. Saliyane basa Inggris, dheweke sinau basa Arab.

in case of in keis əv yen ana / nalika ana Call me in case of emergency. Kol mii in keis əv i-mər-jən-si. Telpon aku yen ana kahanan darurat.

in front of in front əv ing ngarep The car is in front of the house. Dhə kar iz in front əv dhə haus. Mobil ana ing ngarep omah.

in place of in pleis əv minangka gantine Use this in place of sugar. Yuz dhis in pleis əv shu-gər. Gunakake iki minangka gantine gula.

in spite of in spait əv sanadyan In spite of the rain, we left. In spait əv dhə rein, wii left. Sanadyan udan, kita tetep lunga.

in terms of in tərmz əv miturut / babagan In terms of price, it is cheap. In tərmz əv prais, it iz chiip. Saka segi rega, barang iki murah.

instead of in-sted əv minangka gantine I drank tea instead of coffee. Ai drænk tii in-sted əv ko-fi. Aku ngombe teh minangka gantine kopi.

next to nekst tu ing sandhinge Sit next to me. Sit nekst tu mii. Lungguh ing sandhingku.

on account of on ə-kaunt əv amarga The match was canceled on account of rain. Dhə match wəz kæn-səld on ə-kaunt əv rein. Pertandhingan dibatalake amarga udan.

on behalf of on bi-haf əv atas jenenge I spoke on behalf of the team. Ai spouk on bi-haf əv dhə tiim. Aku ngomong atas jenenge tim.

on top of on top əv ing ndhuwur / saliyane The keys are on top of the box. Dhə kiiz ar on top əv dhə boks. Kunci ana ing ndhuwur kothak.

out of aut əv metu saka He walked out of the room. Hii wokt aut əv dhə ruum. Dheweke metu saka kamar.

owing to ou-ing tu amarga The event was canceled owing to rain. Dhi i-vent wəz kæn-səld ou-ing tu rein. Acara dibatalake amarga udan.

prior to prai-ər tu sadurunge Prior to the meeting, we prepared. Prai-ər tu dhə mii-ting, wii pri-perd. Sadurunge rapat, kita nyiapake kabeh.

regardless of ri-gard-les əv ora preduli We will continue regardless of the cost. Wii wil kən-tin-yu ri-gard-les əv dhə kost. Kita bakal nerusake tanpa preduli biaya.

thanks to thanks tu amarga / berkat Thanks to you, we succeeded. Thanks tu yu, wii sək-sii-did. Berkat kowe, kita kasil.

together with tə-ge-dhər with karo / bebarengan karo She came together with her friends. Shii keim tə-ge-dhər with hər frendz. Dheweke teka bebarengan karo kanca-kancane.

up to ap tu nganti / nganti cacah Up to ten people can enter. Ap tu ten pii-pəl kæn en-tər. Nganti sepuluh wong bisa mlebu.

with regard to with ri-gard tu babagan / ngenani With regard to your question, I agree. With ri-gard tu yor kwes-chən, ai ə-grii. Babagan pitakonmu, aku sarujuk.

with respect to with ri-spekt tu babagan / ngenani With respect to this issue, we disagree. With ri-spekt tu dhis ish-yu, wii dis-ə-grii. Babagan masalah iki, kita ora sarujuk.

3. Frasa ancer-ancer tambahan

Ekspresi Carane maca Artine

by virtue of bai vər-chu əv amarga / adhedhasar

by dint of bai dint əv amarga / kanthi usaha

by reason of bai rii-zən əv amarga

by courtesy of bai kər-tə-si əv kanthi pitulungan / liwat

by order of bai or-dər əv miturut prentah

by reference to bai ref-ər-əns tu kanthi ngrujuk marang

by means of bai miinz əv kanthi nggunakake

by way of bai wei əv liwat / kanthi cara

in accordance with in ə-kor-dəns with selaras karo

in comparison with in kəm-per-i-sən with dibandhingake karo

in connection with in kə-nek-shən with gandhengane karo

in contrast to in kon-trast tu beda karo

in exchange for in eks-cheinj for minangka ijol-ijolan

in favor of in fei-vər əv ndhukung

in lieu of in lu əv minangka gantine

in relation to in ri-lei-shən tu gandhengane karo

in response to in ri-spons tu minangka tanggapan marang

in search of in sərch əv ngupaya / nggoleki

in view of in vyu əv ngelingi / nimbang

on the basis of on dhə bei-sis əv adhedhasar

on the grounds of on dhə graundz əv adhedhasar / amarga

with a view to with ə vyu tu kanggo tujuan

with the exception of with dhi ik-sep-shən əv kajaba

with the help of with dhə help əv kanthi pitulungan

with reference to with ref-ər-əns tu kanthi ngrujuk marang / babagan

4. Tembung ancer-ancer kuna, arang, lan resmi

Sawetara tembung ing ngisor iki luwih kerep ditemokake ing basa Inggris kuna, hukum, sastra, utawa ragam resmi:

Tembung Carane maca Artine

abaft ə-baft ing mburi / ing sisih mburi

alongside ə-long-said ing sandhinge

amidst ə-midst ing tengah

amongst ə-mangst ing antarane

astride ə-straid ing ndhuwur / kanthi sikil ngangkang

athwart ə-thwort nyabrang / kanthi arah melintang

atop ə-top ing ndhuwur

barring bar-ing kajaba / yen ora ana

circa sər-kə kira-kira

cum kam karo / sing uga dadi

ere ir sadurunge

notwithstanding not-with-stæn-ding sanadyan / senajan

per pər saben / liwat

save seiv kajaba

vis-à-vis vii-zə-vii ngadhepi / gegayutan karo

worth wərth pantes regane / nduweni nilai

Tuladha:

Notwithstanding the difficulties, we continued.

Not-with-stæn-ding dhə di-fi-kəl-tiiz, wii kən-tin-yuud.

Sanadyan ana kangelan, kita tetep nerusake.

5. Tembung ancer-ancer kanggo nuduhake papan

Hubungan papan bisa diatur nganggo cara iki:

Hubungan Tembung ancer-ancer

Ing njero in, inside, within

Obah mlebu into

Ing njaba out, outside

Ing permukaan on

Obah menyang permukaan onto

Ing ndhuwur above, over, atop, on top of

Ing ngisor under, below, beneath, underneath

Ing ngarep in front of, before

Ing mburi behind

Ing sandhinge beside, by, next to, alongside

Ing antarane loro between

Ing antarane kelompok among, amongst

Cedhak near, close to

Ing sebrang opposite, across from

Ngubengi around, round

Ngliwati across, through

Sadawane along

Ngadhep menyang toward, towards

Adoh saka away from, off

Ngliwati / ngluwihi past, beyond

6. Tembung ancer-ancer kanggo wektu

Hubungan wektu Tembung ancer-ancer Tuladha

Jam tartamtu at at 5 o'clock

Dina / tanggal on on Monday

Sasi / taun / periode wektu in in 2026

Sadurunge before, prior to, ahead of before lunch

Sawise after, following after work

Sajrone during during the meeting

Wiwit since since Monday

Suwene for for two hours

Nganti until, till until Friday

Saka wektu nganti wektu from … to from Monday to Friday

Sajrone wektu kabeh throughout throughout the year

Paling telat ing wektu kasebut by by Friday

Sadurunge wektu sing ditemtokake by by 6 p.m.

Sajrone wektu winthin within two hours

Kira-kira around, about around noon

Ing wektu cedhak near near midnight

7. Tembung ancer-ancer sebab lan tujuan

Tembung ancer-ancer / ekspresi Carane maca Artine

because of bi-koz əv amarga

due to dyu tu amarga

owing to ou-ing tu amarga

on account of on ə-kaunt əv amarga

as a result of əz ə ri-zalt əv minangka akibat saka

thanks to thanks tu berkat

for for kanggo / amarga

for the sake of for dhə seik əv kanggo / demi

with a view to with ə vyu tu kanggo tujuan

in order to in or-dər tu kanggo / supaya

* in order to biasane diikuti tembung kriya, mula luwih trep dianggep minangka ekspresi tujuan tinimbang tembung ancer-ancer tradisional.

8. Cathetan penting: tembung ancer-ancer + apa?

Aturan dhasar:

Preposition + noun / pronoun / V-ing

Tembung ancer-ancer + tembung aran / tembung sesulih / tembung kriya wangun -ing

Tuladha:

Tembung ancer-ancer + tembung aran

I am in the house.

Ai æm in dhə haus.

Aku ana ing omah.

Tembung ancer-ancer + tembung sesulih

This gift is for him.

Dhis gift iz for him.

Hadiah iki kanggo dheweke.

Elinga:

for him ✅

for he ❌

Amarga tembung sesulih sawise preposition kudu nganggo wangun objek.

Tembung ancer-ancer + V-ing

She is good at cooking.

Shii iz gud æt ku-king.

Dheweke pinter masak.

He left without saying goodbye.

Hii left wi-dhaut sei-ing gud-bai.

Dheweke lunga tanpa pamit.

9. Bedane sawetara tembung ancer-ancer sing padha

Tembung Artine dhasar Tuladha

in ing njero in the room

into obah menyang njero go into the room

on ing permukaan on the table

onto obah menyang permukaan jump onto the table

at panggonan tartamtu at the station

to arah menyang go to school

by ing sandhinge / nganggo / sadurunge wektu by the door / by car / by Friday

with karo / nggunakake with him / with a knife

from saka from London

of gandhengane / duweke the door of the house

for kanggo / sajrone / demi for you / for two hours

since wiwit wektu tartamtu since Monday

during sajrone periode wektu during the meeting

until nganti wektu pungkasan until Friday

between ing antarane loro between John and Mary

among ing antarane klompok among friends

above ing ndhuwur above the table

over ing ndhuwur / ngliwati over the bridge

below ing sangisore below the line

under ing ngisor under the table

beside ing sandhinge beside me

besides saliyane besides English

because of / cause of amarga because of rain

despite sanadyan despite the rain

in spite of sanadyan in spite of the rain

aboard -> ing ndhuwur / numpak

11- Tembung Panentu (DETERMINERS)

Tembung Panentu Dhasar

Tembung panentu Pronunciation Arti Conto ukara lengkap Pronunciation Tejemahan

a ə Siji; ora tartamtu I saw a dog. Ai so ə dog Aku weruh asu.

an ən Siji; ora tartamtu, sadurunge swara vokal She ate an apple. Syi et ən apel Dheweke mangan apel.

the dhə / dhi Kuwi; barang sing wis dingerteni I saw the dog. Ai so dhə dog Aku weruh asu kuwi.

this dhis Iki This book is useful. Dhis buk iz yusful Buku iki migunani.

that dhat Kuwi That car is expensive. Dhat kar iz ikspensiv Mobil kuwi larang.

these dhiz Iki, kanggo barang jamak These books are new. Dhiz buks ar nyu Buku-buku iki anyar.

those dhouz Kuwi, kanggo barang jamak Those houses are old. Dhouz hauziz ar old Omah-omah kuwi wis lawas.

2. Tembung Panentu Kepemilikan

Tembung iki digunakake sadurunge tembung aran kanggo nuduhake sapa sing nduweni barang.

Tembung panentu Pronunciation Arti Conto

my mai Duweku My book is here.

your yor Duwemu Your car is outside.

his hiz Duwene, kanggo wong lanang His house is big.

her her Duwene, kanggo wong wadon Her bag is black.

its its Duwene, kanggo kewan utawa barang The dog moved its tail.

our aur Duwe kita Our teacher is kind.

their dher Duwe dheweke kabeh Their house is beautiful.

Conto

my book = bukuku

your car = mobilmu

his phone = telpone

her bag = tasé

our house = omah kita

their children = anak-anake

Nanging:

mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs minangka pronomina kepemilikan sing bisa digunakake tanpa tembung aran sawise iku.

This book is mine.

Dhis buk iz main.

Buku iki duwekku.

3. Tembung Panentu Pituduh

Tembung panentu Pronunciation Cacahing barang Adoh utawa cedhak Conto

this dhis Tunggal Cedhak this book

that dhat Tunggal Adoh that book

these dhiz Jamak Cedhak these books

those dhouz Jamak Adoh those books

Aturan

this + tembung aran tunggal

this book

dhis buk

buku iki

these + tembung aran jamak

these books

dhiz buks

buku-buku iki

that + tembung aran tunggal

that car

dhat kar

mobil kuwi

those + tembung aran jamak

those cars

dhouz karz

mobil-mobil kuwi

4. Tembung Panentu Cacah

Tembung panentu iki nuduhake jumlah utawa cacahing tembung aran.

Tembung panentu Pronunciation Arti Conto

some sam Sawetara; sawetara I bought some books.

any eni Sembarang; apa ana Do you have any questions?

no nou Ora ana I have no money.

much mach Akeh, kanggo barang sing ora bisa dietung I don't have much time.

many meni Akeh, kanggo barang sing bisa dietung She has many books.

little litel Sithik banget I have little time.

a little ə litel Sithik, nanging isih ana I have a little time.

few fyu Sithik banget Few people came.

a few ə fyu Sawetara I have a few questions.

enough inaf Cukup We have enough food.

more mor Luwih akeh I need more water.

less les Luwih sithik, kanggo barang sing ora bisa dietung I need less sugar.

fewer fyuər Luwih sithik, kanggo barang sing bisa dietung We need fewer chairs.

all ol Kabeh All students passed.

both bouth Loro-lorone Both students passed.

half haf Setengah Half the class left.

most moust Sebagéyan gedhé; akèh-akèhé Most people agreed.

enough inaf Cukup We have enough money.

5. Tembung Panentu Angka

Angka bisa digunakake minangka tembung panentu kanthi dilebokake langsung sadurunge tembung aran.

Angka Pronunciation Conto

one wan one book

two tu two books

three thri three books

four for four books

five faiv five books

six siks six books

seven sevn seven books

eight eit eight books

nine nain nine books

ten ten ten books

hundred handred a hundred books

thousand thauzənd a thousand books

million milyən a million people

billion bilyən a billion dollars

Angka uga bisa nuduhake jumlah utawa cacahing barang.

6. Tembung Panentu Distribusi

Tembung iki nuduhake barang utawa wong siji-siji ing sawijining kelompok.

Tembung panentu Pronunciation Arti Conto

each ich Saben siji Each student has a book.

every evri Saben Every student passed.

either iydher / aidher Salah siji saka loro Either answer is acceptable.

neither naidher / nidhər Ora siji-sijia saka loro Neither answer is correct.

Pambedane

each

Each student received a book.

Ich student risivd ə buk.

Saben siswa nampa buku.

Tembung iki negesake saben wong minangka individu.

every

Every student received a book.

Evri student risivd ə buk.

Saben siswa nampa buku.

Tembung iki luwih negesake kabeh anggota sawijining kelompok.

7. Tembung Panentu Pitakon

Tembung iki digunakake kanggo takon babagan tembung aran.

Tembung panentu Pronunciation Arti Conto

what wat Apa What book do you want?

which wich Sing endi Which book do you want?

whose huz Duwene sapa Whose book is this?

what kind of wat kaind əv Jinis apa What kind of car do you want?

which kind of wich kaind əv Jinis endi Which kind of food do you prefer?

Conto

Which book do you want?

Wich buk du yu want?

Buku sing endi sing kok karepake?

Whose car is this?

Huz kar iz dhis?

Mobil iki duweke sapa?

8. Tembung Panentu Ora Tartamtu

Tembung iki nuduhake wong utawa barang sing ora ditemtokake kanthi cetha.

Tembung panentu Pronunciation Arti

a ə Siji; ora tartamtu

an ən Siji; ora tartamtu, sadurunge swara vokal

some sam Sawetara

any eni Sembarang; apa ana

no nou Ora ana

another ənadher Siji maneh; liyane

other adher Liyane

such sach Kaya mangkono; jinis kaya kuwi

9. another lan other

Tembung-tembung iki penting banget.

another

another + tembung aran tunggal sing bisa dietung

I need another book.

Ai nid ənadher buk.

Aku butuh buku liyane.

other

other + tembung aran jamak

I need other books.

Ai nid adher buks.

Aku butuh buku-buku liyane.

the other

The other book is mine.

Dhə adher buk iz main.

Buku liyane kuwi duwekku.

the other + jamak

The other books are mine.

Dhə adher buks ar main.

Buku-buku liyane kuwi duwekku.

10. Tembung Panentu kanggo Nandheske lan Nggambarake

such

such + a/an + adjective + tembung aran tunggal

She is such a nice person.

Sy i iz sach ə nais person.

Dheweke pancen wong sing apik banget.

Kanggo tembung aran jamak:

such people

sach pipəl

wong-wong kaya mangkono

Kanggo tembung aran sing ora bisa dietung:

such good advice

sach gud advais

pitutur sing apik kaya mangkono

11. Tembung Panentu Jumlah Gedhé lan Umum

Tembung panentu Pronunciation Arti Conto

all ol Kabeh all students

both bouth Loro-lorone both books

each ich Saben siji each student

every evri Saben every student

either iydher Salah siji saka loro either book

neither naidher Ora siji-sijia saka loro neither book

enough inaf Cukup enough food

much mach Akeh, kanggo barang sing ora bisa dietung much water

many meni Akeh, kanggo barang sing bisa dietung many books

most moust Akèh-akèhé most people

more mor Luwih akeh more time

less les Luwih sithik less water

fewer fyuər Luwih sithik fewer people

half haf Setengah half the money

plenty of plenti əv Akeh banget plenty of food

a lot of ə lot əv Akeh a lot of people

lots of lots əv Akeh lots of books

12. Ungkapan Jumlah sing Bisa Digunakake minangka Tembung Panentu

Ungkapan iki kerep digunakake kanggo nerangake jumlah tembung aran.

Ungkapan Pronunciation Arti

a lot of ə lot əv Akeh

lots of lots əv Akeh

plenty of plenti əv Akeh banget; luwih saka cukup

a number of ə namber əv Sawetara

a great number of ə greit namber əv Akeh banget, kanggo barang sing bisa dietung

a large number of ə larj namber əv Cacah sing gedhé

a small number of ə smol namber əv Cacah sing sithik

a great deal of ə greit dil əv Jumlah sing akèh, kanggo barang sing ora bisa dietung

a large amount of ə larj əmaunt əv Jumlah sing akèh

a small amount of ə smol əmaunt əv Jumlah sing sithik

a majority of ə məjoriti əv Mayoritas; sebagéyan gedhé

a minority of ə mainoriti əv Minoritas; sebagéyan cilik

a pair of ə per əv Sepasang

a couple of ə kapəl əv Saperangan; loro

a range of ə reinj əv Rentang utawa macem-macem

a variety of ə vəraiəti əv Akeh jinis

a series of ə siriz əv Sakumpulan sing runtut

a set of ə set əv Sakumpulan

a group of ə grup əv Sakelompok

a number of ə namber əv Sawetara

Conto:

A lot of students study English.

Ə lot əv students stadi inglish.

Akeh siswa sinau basa Inggris.

13. Tembung Panentu Pecahan lan Sebagéyan

Ungkapan Pronunciation Arti

half haf Setengah

a half ə haf Satengah

quarter kworter Saprapat

a quarter ə kworter Saprapat

third thर्ड Sapratelon

a third ə thर्ड Sapratelon

two-thirds tu thर्डz Rong pertelon

three-quarters thri kwortərz Telung prapat

part of part əv Sebagéyan saka

most of moust əv Akèh-akèhé saka

some of sam əv Sawetara saka

all of ol əv Kabeh saka

none of nan əv Ora ana siji-sijia saka

Conto:

Half the students left.

Haf dhə students left.

Setengah saka siswa padha lunga.

Most of the students passed.

Moust əv dhə students past.

Akèh-akèhé siswa lulus.

14. none lan neither

none

Digunakake kanggo kelompok sing cacahé luwih saka loro.

None of the students came.

Nan əv dhə students keim.

Ora ana siswa siji-sijia sing teka.

neither

Digunakake nalika ana rong pilihan utawa wong loro.

Neither student came.

Naidher student keim.

Ora ana siswa saka loro kuwi sing teka.

either

Salah siji saka loro:

Either student can help you.

Iydher student ken help yu.

Salah siji saka loro siswa kuwi bisa nulungi kowe.

15. Tembung Panentu Negatif

Tembung panentu Pronunciation Arti Conto

no nou Ora ana no money

neither naidher Ora siji-sijia saka loro neither student

no other nou adher Ora ana liyane no other option

not a not ə Ora ana siji-sijia not a single person

not any not eni Ora ana siji-sijia not any books

Conto:

No student was absent.

Nou student wəz æbsent.

Ora ana siswa sing ora mlebu.

16. Tembung sing Kadhangkala Tumindak minangka Panentu nanging Ora Tansah Dadi Panentu Murni

Sawetara tembung bisa digunakake minangka panentu gumantung saka panggonan lan panganggone.

Tembung Pronunciation Conto panggunaan

certain sərtən certain people = wong-wong tartamtu

certain sərtən a certain person = wong tartamtu

particular partikyulər a particular reason = alasan tartamtu

specific spəsifik a specific case = kasus tartamtu

given givən given circumstances = kahanan sing wis ditemtokake

same seim the same person = wong sing padha

next nekst next week = minggu ngarep

last last last year = taun kepungkur

previous priviyəs previous examples = conto-conto sadurungé

following folowing the following day = dina sabanjuré

certain sərtən certain circumstances = kahanan tartamtu

various veriyəs various reasons = macem-macem alasan

numerous nyumerəs numerous examples = conto sing akèh

countless kauntləs countless possibilities = kemungkinan tanpa cacah

different difrənt different ideas = gagasan sing béda-béda

same seim the same answer = jawaban sing padha

17. Tembung kaya next lan last

Tembung iki bisa nduwèni teges sing béda gumantung apa tembung the digunakake utawa ora.

next week

I will travel next week.

Ai wil travel nekst wik.

Aku bakal lelungan minggu ngarep.

the next week

Tegese minggu sabanjuré ing konteks wektu sing wis ditemtokake.

The next week was very busy.

Dhə nekst wik wəz veri bizi.

Minggu sabanjuré rame banget.

Pola sing padha:

last year = taun kepungkur

the last year = taun pungkasan

18. Tembung Panentu Gabungan kanggo Nandheske

Ungkapan Pronunciation Arti

each and every ich ənd evri Saben siji tanpa kajaba

every single evri singəl Saben siji, tanpa kajaba

each individual ich individual Saben individu

any given eni givən Sembarang sing wis ditemtokake

a certain ə sərtən Sawijining sing tartamtu

one particular wan partik yulər Siji sing tartamtu

the whole dhə houl Sakabèhé

the entire dhə entair Sakabèhé; kabeh

the total dhə toutəl Jumlah sakabèhé

Conto:

Every single student passed.

Evri singəl student past.

Saben siswa lulus.

The entire class left.

Dhə entair klas left.

Sakabèhé kelas padha lunga.

19. whole lan entire

Loro-lorone nduwèni teges sing meh padha: sakabèhé.

the whole + tembung aran

I read the whole book.

Ai red dhə houl buk.

Aku maca buku kuwi nganti rampung.

the entire + tembung aran

I read the entire book.

Ai red dhi entair buk.

Aku maca buku kuwi kabèh.

20. Tembung Panentu Kepemilikan lan Identifikasi Khusus

Ungkapan Pronunciation Arti

John's johnz Duwèké John

Mary's meriz Duwèké Mary

the man's dhə manz Duwèké wong lanang kuwi

the students' dhə students Duwèké para siswa

Conto:

John's car is new.

Johnz kar iz nyu.

Mobilé John anyar.

Tembung John's digunakake kanggo nuduhake kepemilikan.

21. Urutan Tembung Panentu

Umumé, tembung panentu kudu ana ing urutan sing bener.

Conto:

the three old books

Dhə thri old buks

Telung buku lawas kuwi.

Dudu:

❌ three the books

Urutan sing umum

tembung panentu dhasar + angka utawa jumlah + tembung sifat + tembung aran

Conto:

the two beautiful houses

Dhə tu byutiful hauziz

Rong omah sing apik kuwi.

22. Apa Tembung Panentu Bisa Digunakake Bebarengan?

Kadhangkala bisa, nanging ora kabeh tembung panentu bisa digabung.

❌ a the book

Aja nggunakake:

❌ a the book

❌ this my book

Ing basa Inggris, aja nyelehake rong tembung panentu kaya mangkono bebarengan.

❌ this my book

Nanging gunakna:

this book of mine

Dhis buk əv main

Buku iki duwekku.

Nanging, ana gabungan sing bener kayata:

all my books

Ol mai buks

Kabeh bukuku.

Struktur:

all + my + books

Lan:

both my parents

Bouth mai perents

Wong tuwaku loro-lorone.

Lan:

half the money

Haf dhə mani

Setengah saka dhuwit kuwi.

23. Tembung Panentu karo Tembung Aran sing Bisa lan Ora Bisa Dietung

Tembung aran tunggal sing bisa dietung

Bisa nggunakake:

a/an, the, this, that, my, each, every, either, neither, another

Conto:

a book

Ə buk

Siji buku

this book

Dhis buk

Buku iki

every book

Evri buk

Saben buku

Tembung aran jamak sing bisa dietung

Bisa nggunakake:

the, these, those, my, some, any, many, few, several, both, all, most, more, fewer

Conto:

many books

Meni buks

Akeh buku

Tembung aran sing ora bisa dietung

Bisa nggunakake:

the, this, that, my, some, any, much, little, a little, enough, more, less, all, most

Conto:

much water

Mach woter

Banyu sing akèh

24. several

several minangka tembung panentu sing nuduhake sawetara.

Several students came.

Sevərəl students keim.

Sawetara siswa teka.

Tegesé kira-kira:

Sawetara utawa luwih saka loro, nanging jumlahé ora akèh banget.

25. certain / various / numerous

Tembung Pronunciation Arti Conto

certain sərtən Tartamtu; sawetara certain people

various veriyəs Manéka warna various reasons

numerous nyumerəs Akeh numerous examples

countless kauntləs Tanpa cacah countless opportunities

several sevərəl Sawetara several books

different difrənt Béda-béda different ideas

12- Ukara Pangandaian (IF CONDITIONAL)

Jinis ing basa Jawa Gunggungane ukara Pocapan pola ing basa Inggris Teges utawa wektu

Ukara syarat nol If + simple present, simple present If + kriya saiki, kriya saiki Kasunyatan umum utawa pakulinan

Ukara syarat kapisan If + simple present, will + V1 If + kriya saiki, will + kriya dhasar Kemungkinan ing mangsa ngarep

Ukara syarat kapindho If + simple past, would + V1 If + kriya kepungkur, wud + kriya dhasar Pangangen-angen ing wektu saiki utawa mangsa ngarep

Ukara syarat katelu If + past perfect, would have + V3 If + past perfect, wud hev + kriya wangun katelu Pangangen-angen bab kedadeyan kepungkur sing ora kelakon

Ukara syarat campuran kapisan If + past perfect, would + V1 If + past perfect, wud + kriya dhasar Kedadeyan kepungkur → wektu saiki

Ukara syarat campuran kapindho If + simple past, would have + V3 If + simple past, wud hev + kriya wangun katelu Kaadaan saiki → kedadeyan kepungkur

Jinis Pola Pocapan pola Conto Pocapan conto Teges

Would Simple would + V1 wud + vi wan I would eat. Ai wud it Aku bakal mangan yen...

Would Continuous would be + V-ing wud bi + vi-ing I would be eating. Ai wud bi iting Aku bakal lagi mangan yen...

Would Perfect would have + V3 wud hev + vi tri I would have eaten. Ai wud hev iten Aku mesthine wis mangan yen...

Would Perfect Continuous would have been + V-ing wud hev bin + vi-ing I would have been eating. Ai wud hev bin iting Aku mesthine wis lagi mangan suwene wektu tartamtu yen...

Kanggo kabeh tembung sesulih

Tembung sesulih Would + V1 Would be + V-ing Would have + V3 Would have been + V-ing

I I would eat. I would be eating. I would have eaten. I would have been eating.

You You would eat. You would be eating. You would have eaten. You would have been eating.

He He would eat. He would be eating. He would have eaten. He would have been eating.

She She would eat. She would be eating. She would have eaten. She would have been eating.

It It would eat. It would be eating. It would have eaten. It would have been eating.

We We would eat. We would be eating. We would have eaten. We would have been eating.

They They would eat. They would be eating. They would have eaten. They would have been eating.

Kabeh wujud negatif Would — Aktif

Jinis Pola Pocapan pola Conto Pocapan conto Teges

Would Simple negatif would not + V1 wud not + vi wan I would not eat. Ai wud not it Aku ora bakal mangan.

Would Continuous negatif would not be + V-ing wud not bi + vi-ing I would not be eating. Ai wud not bi iting Aku ora bakal lagi mangan.

Would Perfect negatif would not have + V3 wud not hev + vi tri I would not have eaten. Ai wud not hev iten Aku mesthine ora bakal wis mangan.

Would Perfect Continuous negatif would not have been + V-ing wud not hev bin + vi-ing I would not have been eating. Ai wud not hev bin iting Aku mesthine ora bakal wis lagi mangan.

Kabeh tembung sesulih

Tembung sesulih Would not + V1 Would not be + V-ing Would not have + V3 Would not have been + V-ing

I I would not eat. I would not be eating. I would not have eaten. I would not have been eating.

You You would not eat. You would not be eating. You would not have eaten. You would not have been eating.

He He would not eat. He would not be eating. He would not have eaten. He would not have been eating.

She She would not eat. She would not be eating. She would not have eaten. She would not have been eating.

It It would not eat. It would not be eating. It would not have eaten. It would not have been eating.

We We would not eat. We would not be eating. We would not have eaten. We would not have been eating.

They They would not eat. They would not be eating. They would not have eaten. They would not have been eating.

Wangun cekakan

Wangun lengkap Wangun cekakan Pocapan

would not + V1 wouldn't + V1 wudnt + vi wan

would not be + V-ing wouldn't be + V-ing wudnt bi + vi-ing

would not have + V3 wouldn't have + V3 wudnt hev + vi tri

would not have been + V-ing wouldn't have been + V-ing wudnt hev bin + vi-ing

Kabeh wujud Would Passive

Jinis Pola Pocapan pola Conto Pocapan conto Teges

Simple would be + V3 wud bi + vi tri The book would be read. Dhe buk wud bi red Buku kasebut bakal diwaca.

Continuous would be being + V3 wud bi biying + vi tri The book would be being read. Dhe buk wud bi biying red Buku kasebut mesthine lagi diwaca.

Perfect would have been + V3 wud hev bin + vi tri The book would have been read. Dhe buk wud hev bin red Buku kasebut mesthine wis diwaca.

Perfect Continuous would have been being + V3 wud hev bin biying + vi tri The book would have been being read. Dhe buk wud hev bin biying red Buku kasebut mesthine wis lagi diwaca.

Kanggo kabeh tembung sesulih

Tembung sesulih Would Passive Simple Would Passive Continuous Would Passive Perfect Would Passive Perfect Continuous

I I would be seen. I would be being seen. I would have been seen. I would have been being seen.

You You would be seen. You would be being seen. You would have been seen. You would have been being seen.

He He would be seen. He would be being seen. He would have been seen. He would have been being seen.

She She would be seen. She would be being seen. She would have been seen. She would have been being seen.

It It would be seen. It would be being seen. It would have been seen. It would have been being seen.

We We would be seen. We would be being seen. We would have been seen. We would have been being seen.

They They would be seen. They would be being seen. They would have been seen. They would have been being seen.

Wangun negatif — Would Passive Negative

Jinis Pola Conto Pocapan conto Teges

Simple would not be + V3 The book would not be read. Dhe buk wud not bi red Buku kasebut ora bakal diwaca.

Continuous would not be being + V3 The book would not be being read. Dhe buk wud not bi biying red Buku kasebut ora bakal lagi diwaca.

Perfect would not have been + V3 The book would not have been read. Dhe buk wud not hev bin red Buku kasebut mesthine ora bakal wis diwaca.

Perfect Continuous would not have been being + V3 The book would not have been being read. Dhe buk wud not hev bin biying red Buku kasebut mesthine ora bakal wis lagi diwaca.

Tembung-tembung dhasar kanggo ukara syarat

Tembung utawa ungkapan Pocapan Teges Panganggone

if if Yen Tandha kanggo ukara syarat

if not if not Yen ora Syarat negatif

unless anles Yen ora; kajaba yen Sejatine padha karo if...not

when wen Nalika; yen Kanggo kahanan sing diarepake utawa bola-bali

whenever> wen-ever Saben nalika Syarat sing bola-bali

even if iven if Sanajan yen Syarat sing ora ngowahi asil

only if onli if Mung yen Syarat wajib

if and only if if and onli if Yen lan mung yen Syarat sing perlu lan cukup

as long as az long az Sajrone; anggere Syarat

so long as so long az Sajrone; anggere Padha karo as long as

provided that provaided dhat Anggere; kanthi syarat Syarat resmi

providing that provaiding dhat Anggere; kanthi syarat Syarat

on condition that on kondishen dhat Kanthi syarat Syarat resmi

in case in keis Yen kedadeyan; kanggo jaga-jaga Kanggo nyiapake kemungkinan

in the event that in dhi ivent dhat Yen kedadeyan Syarat resmi

assuming that asuming dhat Kanthi nganggep yen Pangangen-angen

supposing that suposing dhat Upama yen Pangangen-angen

suppose supoz Upama; kepriye yen Ngenalake kahanan pangangen-angen

what if wot if Kepriye yen Pitakon babagan kemungkinan

if only if onli Andai wae; muga-muga wae Karep utawa pangarep-arep sing angel kelakon

even though iven dho Sanajan Sambungan sing nuduhake pertentangan, dudu syarat

whether wedher Apa; apa ora Kanggo nyebut pilihan utawa kemungkinan

when wen Nalika

only when onli wen Mung nalika; mung yen

13- Pepadhan lan Tingkat Paling (COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE)

Pepadhan tembung cekak Adjective + -er + than Adjektif + er + dhen taller than toler dhen

Tingkat paling tembung cekak the + adjective + -est dhe + adjektif + est the tallest dhe tolest

Pepadhan tembung dawa more + adjective + than mor + adjektif + dhen more beautiful than mor byutiful dhen

Tingkat paling tembung dawa the most + adjective dhe most + adjektif the most beautiful dhe most byutiful

Pepadhan tingkat luwih endhek less + adjective + than les + adjektif + dhen less expensive than les ekspensiv dhen

Tingkat paling endhek the least + adjective dhe list + adjektif the least expensive dhe list ekspensiv

Pepadhan padha as + adjective + as az + adjektif + az as tall as az tol az

Pepadhan ora padha not as + adjective + as not az + adjektif + az not as tall as not az tol az

Pepadhan adjective + as az + adjektif tall as az tol

Pepadhan negatif not + adjective + as not + adjektif + az not tall as not tol az

Pepadhan sing dikuatake much/far/a lot + comparative mach/far/a lot + komparatif much better mach beter

Pepadhan sing luwih alus a little/slightly + comparative a litel/slaitli + komparatif slightly better slaitli beter

Peningkatan bertahap comparative + and + comparative komparatif + and + komparatif bigger and bigger biger and biger

Pepadhan gandha the + comparative, the + comparative dhe + komparatif, dhe + komparatif the more, the better dhe mor, dhe beter

Tingkat paling ing sawijining golongan the + superlative + in/of dhe + superlatif + in/of the best in the class dhe best in dhe klas

Salah siji sing paling apik one of the + superlative + plural noun wan ov dhe + superlatif + tembung aran jamak one of the best students wan ov dhe best students

Tingkat paling sing cetha banget by far + the + superlative bai far + dhe superlatif by far the best bai far dhe best

Pepadhan kriya verb + more/less kriya + mor/les work more werk mor

Pepadhan tembung aran sing bisa dietung more/fewer + plural noun mor/fyu-er + tembung aran jamak more books / fewer books mor buks / fyu-er buks

Pepadhan tembung aran sing ora bisa dietung more/less + uncountable noun mor/les + tembung aran sing ora bisa dietung more water / less water mor woter / les woter

Pepadhan jumlah dhuwit more/less + noun mor/les + tembung aran more money mor mani

Pepadhan cacah more/fewer + plural noun mor/fyu-er + tembung aran jamak more people mor pipel

Jumlah dhuwit kaping pindho twice as much as twais az mach az twice as much money twais az mach mani

Cacah kaping pindho twice as many as twais az meni az twice as many books twais az meni buks

I am as tall as him Aku padha dhuwure karo dheweke

Kapan nggunakake -er lan kapan nggunakake more?

Pandhuan iki migunani banget.

Kahanan Panganggone Conto Pocapan Teges

Adjektif cekak, biasane siji wanda -er taller toler Luwih dhuwur

Adjektif cekak, biasane siji wanda -er smaller smoler Luwih cilik

Adjektif sing pungkasané -y -er, ganti y dadi i happier hapier Luwih seneng

Adjektif sing pungkasané -e -r larger larjer Luwih gedhe

Adjektif dawa, biasane rong wanda utawa luwih more more beautiful mor byutiful Luwih ayu

Adjektif dawa more more expensive mor ekspensiv Luwih larang

Adjektif dawa more more interesting mor interesting Luwih menarik

15- Ukara Relatif (RELATIVE CLAUSES)

Jinis Piranti utawa pola sing umum Pocapan pola Conto Pocapan conto Terjemahan

Ukara relatif sing matesi who / whom / whose / which / that / where / when / why hu / hum / huz / wich / dhat / wer / wen / wai The man who lives here is my teacher. Dhe men hu livz hir iz mai ticher Wong lanang sing manggon ing kene iku guruku.

Ukara relatif sing ora matesi who / whom / whose / which / where / when hu / hum / huz / wich / wer / wen My brother, who lives in London, is a doctor. Mai bradher, hu livz in Landan, iz a dokter Adhiku, sing manggon ing London, iku dhokter.

Ukara relatif minangka subyek who/which/that + verb hu/wich/dhat + kriya The woman who works here is friendly. Dhe wuman hu werks hir iz frendli Wanita sing kerja ing kene iku grapyak.

Ukara relatif minangka obyek who/whom/which/that + subject + verb hu/hum/wich/dhat + subyek + kriya The man whom I met was kind. Dhe men hum ai met woz kaind Wong lanang sing taktemoni iku apikan.

Ukara relatif sing tembung panghubunge bisa diilangi noun + subject + verb tembung aran + subyek + kriya The book I bought is interesting. Dhe buk ai bot iz interesting Buku sing taktuku iku menarik.

Ukara relatif kepemilikan whose + noun huz + tembung aran The girl whose father is a doctor is my friend. Dhe gerl huz fadher iz a dokter iz mai frend Cah wadon sing bapake dhokter iku kancaku.

Ukara relatif panggonan where + clause wer + klausa This is the house where I grew up. Dhis iz dhe haus wer ai gru ap Iki omah panggonan aku gedhe.

Ukara relatif wektu when + clause wen + klausa I remember the day when we met. Ai rimember dhe dei wen wi met Aku kelingan dina nalika kita ketemu.

Ukara relatif sebab why + clause wai + klausa I know the reason why he left. Ai no dhe rizon wai hi left Aku ngerti sebabe dheweke lunga.

Ukara relatif nganggo preposisi preposition + whom/which preposisi + hum/wich The person to whom I spoke was helpful. Dhe person tu hum ai spouk woz helpfel Wong sing takajak omong iku gelem nulungi.

Ukara relatif ringkes nganggo V-ing noun + V-ing tembung aran + vi-ing The man standing there is my brother. Dhe men standing dher iz mai bradher Wong lanang sing ngadeg ing kana iku adhiku.

Ukara relatif ringkes nganggo V3 noun + V3 tembung aran + vi tri The documents signed yesterday are important. Dhe dokyuments saindid yesterdei ar important Dokumen sing ditandatangani wingi iku penting.

Ukara relatif nganggo infinitif noun + to + V1 tembung aran + tu + vi wan She was the first person to arrive. Shi woz dhe ferst person tu araiv Dheweke dadi wong kapisan sing teka.

Ukara relatif gabungan whoever / whatever / whichever / wherever / whenever / however hu-ever / wot-ever / wich-ever / wer-ever / wen-ever / hau-ever Take whatever you want. Teik wot-ever yu wont Entukna apa wae sing kokkarepake.

Ukara relatif sing nerangake kabeh ukara , which + clause wich + klausa He missed the bus, which made him late. Hi mist dhe bas, wich meid him leit Dheweke keri bis, lan kuwi ndadekake dheweke telat.

Ukara relatif minangka tembung aran what / whatever / whoever / whichever wot / wot-ever / hu-ever / wich-ever I know what you mean. Ai no wot yu min Aku ngerti apa sing kokmaksud.

Ukara relatif ing njero ukara relatif relative clause inside relative clause ukara relatif ing njero ukara relatif The man who lives in the house that I bought is my neighbor. Dhe men hu livz in dhe haus dhat ai bot iz mai neibor Wong lanang sing manggon ing omah sing taktuku iku tanggaku.

16- Ukara Ora Langsung lan Ukara Langsung (REPORTED SPEECH AND DIRECT SPEECH)

Jinis Pola Pocapan pola Conto langsung Ukara ora langsung Terjemahan

Ukara positif said (that) + clause sed (dhat) + klausa He said, “I am tired.” He said (that) he was tired. Dheweke kandha yen dheweke kesel.

Ukara negatif said (that) + subject + not + verb sed (dhat) + subyek + not + kriya He said, “I am not tired.” He said that he was not tired. Dheweke kandha yen dheweke ora kesel.

Pitakon ya/ora asked if/whether + clause askt if/wedher + klausa He asked, “Are you ready?” He asked if I was ready. Dheweke takon apa aku wis siyap.

Pitakon nganggo tembung pitakon asked + question word + clause askt + tembung pitakon + klausa He asked, “Where do you live?” He asked where I lived. Dheweke takon aku manggon ing ngendi.

Pitakon utawa prentah positif told + object + to + V1 tould + obyek + tu + vi wan He said, “Open the door.” He told me to open the door. Dheweke mrentah aku supaya mbukak lawang.

Pitakon utawa prentah negatif told + object + not to + V1 tould + obyek + not tu + vi wan He said, “Do not open the door.” He told me not to open the door. Dheweke mrentah aku supaya ora mbukak lawang.

Panjaluk asked + object + to + V1 askt + obyek + tu + vi wan She said, “Please help me.” She asked me to help her. Dheweke njaluk aku nulungi dheweke.

Panjaluk negatif asked + object + not to + V1 askt + obyek + not tu + vi wan She said, “Please don't leave.” She asked me not to leave. Dheweke njaluk aku supaya ora lunga.

Pitutur advised + object + to + V1 advaizd + obyek + tu + vi wan He said, “Study harder.” He advised me to study harder. Dheweke menehi saran supaya aku sinau luwih sregep.

Pitutur negatif advised + object + not to + V1 advaizd + obyek + not tu + vi wan He said, “Don't drive fast.” He advised me not to drive fast. Dheweke menehi saran supaya aku ora nyopir kanthi banter.

Saran suggested + V-ing sajestid + vi-ing He said, “Let's go.” He suggested going. Dheweke menehi saran supaya lunga.

Saran nganggo that suggested that + subject + should + V1 sajestid dhat + subyek + shud + vi wan He said, “Let's go.” He suggested that we should go. Dheweke menehi saran supaya kita lunga.

Janji promised + to + V1 promist + tu + vi wan He said, “I will help you.” He promised to help me. Dheweke janji bakal nulungi aku.

Nolak refused + to + V1 refyuzd + tu + vi wan He said, “I won't go.” He refused to go. Dheweke ora gelem lunga.

Nawakake offered + to + V1 oferd + tu + vi wan He said, “I will help you.” He offered to help me. Dheweke nawakake pitulungan marang aku.

Pènget warned + object + to + V1 wornd + obyek + tu + vi wan He said, “Be careful.” He warned me to be careful. Dheweke ngélingaké aku supaya ngati-ati.

Pènget negatif warned + object + not to + V1 wornd + obyek + not tu + vi wan He said, “Don't touch it.” He warned me not to touch it. Dheweke ngélingaké aku supaya ora ndemèk barang kuwi.

Njaluk ngapura apologized for + V-ing apolodjaizd for + vi-ing He said, “I'm sorry I lied.” He apologized for lying. Dheweke njaluk ngapura amarga ngapusi.

Ngakoni admitted + V-ing admitid + vi-ing He said, “I broke it.” He admitted breaking it. Dheweke ngakoni wis ngrusak barang kuwi.

Nyangkal denied + V-ing dinaid + vi-ing He said, “I didn't break it.” He denied breaking it. Dheweke nyangkal wis ngrusak barang kuwi.

Ndakwa accused + object + of + V-ing akyuzd + obyek + ov + vi-ing He said, “You stole it.” He accused me of stealing it. Dheweke ndakwa aku nyolong barang kuwi.

Nyalahake blamed + object + for + V-ing bleimd + obyek + for + vi-ing He said, “You caused the problem.” He blamed me for causing the problem. Dheweke nyalahake aku amarga nyebabake masalah kasebut.

Ngucapake selamat congratulated + object + on + V-ing/noun kongratyuleitid + obyek + on + vi-ing/tembung aran He said, “Congratulations!” He congratulated me on winning. Dheweke ngucapake selamat marang aku amarga menang.

Owahan wektu ing Reported Speech

Yen omongan langsung diowahi dadi omongan ora langsung, wektu kriya biasane mundur siji tingkat menyang wektu kepungkur.

Omongan langsung Omongan ora langsung Pocapan

Present Simple Past Simple past simple

Present Continuous Past Continuous past continuous

Present Perfect Past Perfect past perfect

Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous past perfect continuous

Past Simple Past Perfect past perfect

Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous past perfect continuous

Past Perfect Past Perfect past perfect

will + V1 would + V1 wud + vi wan

will be + V-ing would be + V-ing wud bi + vi-ing

will have + V3 would have + V3 wud hev + vi tri

can + V1 could + V1 kud + vi wan

may + V1 might + V1 mait + vi wan

must + V1 had to + V1 had tu + vi wan

3. Conto owahan wektu

Langsung Ora langsung Terjemahan

He said, “I work here.” He said that he worked there. Dheweke kandha yen dheweke kerja ing kana.

He said, “I am working.” He said that he was working. Dheweke kandha yen dheweke lagi kerja.

He said, “I have finished.” He said that he had finished. Dheweke kandha yen dheweke wis rampung.

He said, “I finished.” He said that he had finished. Dheweke kandha yen dheweke wis rampung.

He said, “I was sleeping.” He said that he had been sleeping. Dheweke kandha yen dheweke lagi turu nalika kuwi.

He said, “I will come.” He said that he would come. Dheweke kandha yen dheweke bakal teka.

He said, “I can swim.” He said that he could swim. Dheweke kandha yen dheweke bisa nglangi.

He said, “I may come.” He said that he might come. Dheweke kandha yen dheweke mbokmenawa bakal teka.

4. Owahan tembung sesulih

Omongan langsung Omongan ora langsung

I he / she

me him / her

my his / her

mine his / hers

we they

us them

our their

ours theirs

you I / we / he / she / they, gumantung konteks

your my / our / his / her / their, gumantung konteks

Conto:

Direct: She said, “I love my house.”

Reported: She said that she loved her house.

Pocapan: Shi sed dhat shi lavd her haus.

Terjemahan: Dheweke kandha yen dheweke tresna marang omahe.

5. Owahan tembung wektu lan panggonan

Omongan langsung Omongan ora langsung

now then

today that day

tonight that night

yesterday the day before / the previous day

tomorrow the next day / the following day

last week the previous week

next week the following week

ago before

here there

this that

these those

17- Infinitif lan Tembung Aran saka Kriya (INFINITIVES AND VERBAL NOUNS)

Jinis Istilah basa Inggris Pocapan Pola Pocapan pola Teges utawa panganggone

Infinitif nganggo to to-infinitive tu-infinitiv to + V1 tu + vi wan Kanggo nyebut tumindak utawa tujuan

Infinitif tanpa to bare infinitive ber infinitiv V1 vi wan Kriya dhasar tanpa to

Wangun -ing minangka tembung aran gerund jerend V-ing vi-ing Tumindak sing dianggep minangka barang utawa gagasan

Infinitif sampurna perfect infinitive perfekt infinitiv to have + V3 tu hev + vi tri Kanggo nuduhake tumindak sing wis rampung

Infinitif terus-terusan continuous infinitive kontinyuəs infinitiv to be + V-ing tu bi + vi-ing Kanggo nuduhake tumindak sing lagi kelakon

Infinitif sampurna terus-terusan perfect continuous infinitive perfekt kontinyuəs infinitiv to have been + V-ing tu hev bin + vi-ing Kanggo nuduhake tumindak sing wis kelakon sajrone wektu

Infinitif pasif passive infinitive pasiv infinitiv to be + V3 tu bi + vi tri Kanggo nuduhake tumindak sing ditindakake marang subyek

Infinitif pasif sampurna perfect passive infinitive perfekt pasiv infinitiv to have been + V3 tu hev bin + vi tri Kanggo nuduhake tumindak pasif sing wis rampung

# Jinis Pola Pocapan pola Conto Pocapan conto Terjemahan

1 Adjective + V-ing Subyek + be + adjective + V-ing dhe sabjek + bi + adjektif + vi-ing I am happy seeing you. Ai em hepi siing yu Aku seneng nalika ndeleng kowe.

2 Adjective + to-infinitive Subyek + be + adjective + to + V1 dhe sabjek + bi + adjektif + tu + vi wan I am happy to see you. Ai em hepi tu si yu Aku seneng bisa ketemu karo kowe.

3 Verb + to-infinitive Subyek + plan + to + V1 dhe sabjek + plen + tu + vi wan I plan to eat. Ai plen tu it Aku ngrancang arep mangan.

4 Verb + V-ing Subyek + plan + V-ing dhe sabjek + plen + vi-ing I plan eating. Ai plen iting Aku ngrancang mangan, nanging pola iki biasane ora lumrah.

5 Perception verb + object + V1 Subyek + see + object + V1 dhe sabjek + si + obyek + vi wan I see him run. Ai si him ran Aku weruh dheweke mlayu.

6 Perception verb + object + V-ing Subyek + see + object + V-ing dhe sabjek + si + obyek + vi-ing I see him running. Ai si him raning Aku weruh dheweke lagi mlayu.

7 Purpose + to-infinitive Kriya + to + V1 dhe kriya + tu + vi wan I eat to play. Ai it tu plei Aku mangan supaya bisa dolanan.

8 Purpose + in order to Kriya + in order to + V1 dhe kriya + in order tu + vi wan I eat in order to play. Ai it in order tu plei Aku mangan supaya bisa dolanan.

18- Tembung Subjungtif (SUBJUNCTIVE)

Jinis Pola Pocapan pola Conto Pocapan conto Terjemahan

1 Present Subjunctive Subyek + that + V1 dhe sabjek + dhat + vi wan I suggest that he go. Ai sajest dhat hi gou Aku menehi saran supaya dheweke lunga.

2 Negative Present Subjunctive Subyek + that + not + V1 dhe sabjek + dhat + not + vi wan I suggest that he not go. Ai sajest dhat hi not gou Aku menehi saran supaya dheweke ora lunga.

3 Be Subjunctive Subyek + that + be + adjective/noun dhe sabjek + dhat + bi + adjektif/tembung aran It is important that he be ready. It iz important dhat hi bi redi Penting yen dheweke wis siyap.

4 Sawise demand/recommendation Subyek + that + subyek + V1 dhe sabjek + dhat + dhe sabjek + vi wan They demanded that she leave. Dhei dimandid dhat shi liv Dheweke njaluk supaya wanita kuwi lunga.

5 Sawise insist Subyek + that + subyek + V1 dhe sabjek + dhat + dhe sabjek + vi wan I insist that he stay. Ai insist dhat hi stei Aku ngeyel supaya dheweke tetep ana.

6 Sawise require Subyek + that + subyek + V1 dhe sabjek + dhat + dhe sabjek + vi wan The law requires that everyone be present. Dhe lo rikwaierz dhat evriwan bi prezent Undhang-undhang mbutuhake supaya kabeh wong teka.

7 Were Subjunctive If + subyek + were + ... if + dhe sabjek + wer + ... If I were you, I would wait. If ai wer yu, ai wud weit Yen aku dadi kowe, aku bakal ngenteni.

8 Wish + were Subyek + wish + subyek + were + ... dhe sabjek + wish + dhe sabjek + wer + ... I wish I were taller. Ai wish ai wer toler Aku kepengin dadi luwih dhuwur.

9 Inversi pangangen-angen resmi Were + subyek + ... wer + dhe sabjek + ... Were I you, I would wait. Wer ai yu, ai wud weit Yen aku dadi kowe, aku bakal ngenteni.

10 Ungkapan baku utawa resmi God/Heaven + V1 god/hevən + vi wan God save the King. God seiv dhe king Muga-muga Gusti Allah nylametake Sang Raja.

19- Pitakon Tag (TAG QUESTIONS)

Jinis Pola Pocapan pola ing basa Inggris Conto lengkap Pocapan conto Terjemahan

Tag Question — Positif Ukara positif + auxiliary negatif + subyek? Ukara positif + oksiliari negatif + subyek? You are ready, aren't you? Yu ar redi, arnt yu? Kowe wis siyap, ta?

Tag Question — Negatif Ukara negatif + auxiliary positif + subyek? Ukara negatif + oksiliari positif + subyek? You aren't ready, are you? Yu arnt redi, ar yu? Kowe durung siyap, ta?

Present Simple Ukara + don't/doesn't + subyek? Ukara + dont/daznt + subyek? She works here, doesn't she? Shi werks hir, daznt shi? Dheweke kerja ing kene, ta?

Past Simple Ukara + didn't/did + subyek? Ukara + didnt/did + subyek? You saw him, didn't you? Yu so him, didnt yu? Kowe weruh dheweke, ta?

Be Ukara + isn't/aren't/wasn't/weren't + subyek? Ukara + iznt/arnt/woznt/wernt + subyek? He is here, isn't he? Hi iz hir, iznt hi? Dheweke ana ing kene, ta?

Present Continuous Ukara + isn't/aren't + subyek? Ukara + iznt/arnt + subyek? She is working, isn't she? Shi iz werking, iznt shi? Dheweke lagi kerja, ta?

Present Perfect Ukara + hasn't/haven't + subyek? Ukara + heznt/havnt + subyek? They have finished, haven't they? Dhei hev finis(t), havnt dhei? Dheweke kabeh wis rampung, ta?

Past Perfect Ukara + hadn't + subyek? Ukara + hadnt + subyek? He had left, hadn't he? Hi hed left, hadnt hi? Dheweke wis lunga, ta?

Mangsa ngarep — will Ukara + won't + subyek? Ukara + wont + subyek? You will come, won't you? Yu wil kam, wont yu? Kowe bakal teka, ta?

Modal Ukara + modal negatif + subyek? Ukara + modal negatif + subyek? He can swim, can't he? Hi ken swim, kant hi? Dheweke bisa nglangi, ta?

Let's Let's + V1, shall we? lets + vi wan, shal wi? Let's go, shall we? Lets gou, shal wi? Ayo lunga, ya?

Imperative V1 + will you? vi wan + wil yu? Open the door, will you? Open dhe dor, wil yu? Tulung bukak lawange, ya?

Pitakon negatif — Present Simple Don't/Doesn't + subyek + V1? Dont/daznt + subyek + vi wan? Don't you like coffee? Dont yu laik kofi? Apa kowe ora seneng kopi?

Pitakon negatif — Past Simple Didn't + subyek + V1? Didnt + subyek + vi wan? Didn't you see him? Didnt yu si him? Apa kowe ora weruh dheweke?

Pitakon negatif — Be Isn't/Aren't/Wasn't/Weren't + subyek...? Iznt/arnt/woznt/wernt + subyek? Isn't he ready? Iznt hi redi? Apa dheweke durung siyap?

Pitakon negatif — Continuous Isn't/Aren't + subyek + V-ing? Iznt/arnt + subyek + vi-ing? Isn't she working? Iznt shi werking? Apa dheweke ora lagi kerja?

Pitakon negatif — Perfect Haven't/Hasn't + subyek + V3? Havnt/heznt + subyek + vi tri? Haven't you finished? Havnt yu finis(t)? Apa kowe durung rampung?

Pitakon negatif — Future Won't + subyek + V1? Wont + subyek + vi wan? Won't you come with us? Wont yu kam widh as? Apa kowe ora bakal melu karo kita?

Pitakon negatif — Modal Modal negatif + subyek + V1? Modal negatif + subyek + vi wan? Can't you help me? Kant yu help mi? Apa kowe ora bisa nulungi aku?

Pitakon negatif lengkap Auxiliary + subyek + not + V1...? Oksiliari + subyek + not + vi wan? Do you not know? Du yu not nou? Apa kowe ora ngerti?

I am — Tag I am + ..., aren't I? Ai em + ..., arnt ai? I am right, aren't I? Ai em rait, arnt ai? Aku bener, ta?

Aturan dhasar

Aturan Conto

Ukara positif → tag negatif You like it, don't you?

Ukara negatif → tag positif You don't like it, do you?

Negative Question = pitakon negatif Don't you like it?

Tag Question = ukara + pitakon cekak ing pungkasan You like it, don't you?

Yen ukara wis nduweni auxiliary, gunakna auxiliary kasebut ing tag She is working, isn't she?

Yen ora ana auxiliary ing Present/Past Simple, gunakna do/does/did He works, doesn't he?

Ing pitakon negatif, gunakna V1 sawise do/does/did Didn't you go? dudu ❌ Didn't you went?

Wangsulan Yes/No kudu nuduhake kasunyatan Don't you like coffee? → Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

20- Tembung Modal lan Konstruksi Modal (MODAL WORDS)

Modal Tlatah pocapan Arti dhasar Conto Pocapan conto Terjemahan

can ken bisa I can swim. Ai ken swim. Aku bisa nglangi.

could kud bisa / biyèn bisa I could swim when I was five. Ai kud swim wen ai woz faiv. Aku wis bisa nglangi nalika umurku limang taun.

may mei mungkin It may rain. It mei rein. Mungkin bakal udan.

might mait mungkin It might rain. It mait rein. Mungkin bakal udan.

must mast kudu / mesthi You must leave. Yu mast liiv. Sampeyan kudu lunga.

shall syal bakal / kuduné / apa ...? Shall we go? Syal wi gou? Apa kita lunga?

should syud saenipun / kuduné You should rest. Yu syud rest. Sampeyan kuduné ngaso.

will wil bakal I will help you. Ai wil help yu. Aku bakal nulungi sampeyan.

would wud bakal ing kahanan tartamtu / wujud kepungkur saka will I would help you. Ai wud help yu. Aku bakal nulungi sampeyan / aku bakal nulungi yen...

ought to ot tu kuduné You ought to study. Yu ot tu stadi. Sampeyan kuduné sinau.

Aturan

Tembung modal utama lumrahé diikuti V1:

modal + V1

Conto:

She can speak English.

Syii ken spiik Inggris.

Dheweke bisa nganggo basa Inggris.

Salah:

❌ She can speaks.

2. Teges lan fungsi saben modal

Fungsi Tembung utawa ungkapan modal Arti

Ability — Kemampuan can, could, be able to bisa / nduwèni kemampuan

Possibility — Kamungkinan can, could, may, might, might possibly bisa / mungkin

Permission — Idin can, could, may, might bisa / oleh

Request — Panjaluk can, could, will, would, may apa bisa ...? / nyuwun supaya ...

Advice — Saran should, ought to, had better kuduné / luwih becik

Obligation — Kewajiban must, have to, have got to, need to kudu / wajib

Necessity — Kabutuhan must, have to, need to kudu / perlu

Prohibition — Larangan must not, cannot/can't, may not dilarang / ora kena

Expectation — Pangarep-arep should, ought to, be supposed to kuduné / diarep-arep

Prediction — Prakiraan will, shall, should, ought to bakal / samesthiné

Willingness — Kersan will, would kersa / gelem

Refusal — Penolakan will not, won't, would not, wouldn't nolak / ora gelem

Habit — Pakulinan would, will biyèn kerep / lumrahé

Hypothetical — Kahanan pangangen-angen would, could, might bakal yen ... / bisa uga

Deduction — Dudutan must, can't, couldn't, may, might mesthi / ora mungkin / bisa uga

Regret — Getun should have, ought to have, could have, would have sakmesthiné biyèn ... / kuduné wis ...

Kamungkinan ing wektu kepungkur may have, might have, could have mungkin wis kelakon

Dudutan babagan wektu kepungkur must have, can't have, couldn't have mesthi wis ... / ora mungkin wis ...

3. Semi-Modals — Tembung sing mèmper modal

Iki dudu tembung modal utama, nanging fungsiné padha karo modal.

Ungkapan modal Pocapan Arti Conto Pocapan conto Terjemahan

have to hev tu kudu I have to go. Ai hev tu gou. Aku kudu lunga.

has to hez tu kudu She has to work. Syii hez tu werk. Dheweke kudu kerja.

had to hed tu biyèn kudu I had to leave. Ai hed tu liiv. Aku kudu lunga nalika semana.

have got to hev gat tu kudu I have got to go. Ai hev gat tu gou. Aku kudu lunga.

has got to hez gat tu kudu He has got to leave. Hii hez gat tu liiv. Dheweke kudu lunga.

had better hed beter luwih becik You had better go. Yu hed beter gou. Sampeyan luwih becik lunga.

be able to bii eibel tu bisa / sanggup She is able to swim. Syii iz eibel tu swim. Dheweke bisa nglangi.

be unable to bii an-eibel tu ora bisa He is unable to walk. Hii iz an-eibel tu wok. Dheweke ora bisa mlaku.

be allowed to bii elaud tu diidinaké We are allowed to leave. Wii ar elaud tu liiv. Kita diidinaké lunga.

be permitted to bii permitid tu diidinaké You are permitted to enter. Yu ar permitid tu enter. Sampeyan diidinaké mlebu.

be supposed to bii səpouzd tu sakmesthiné / diarep-arep You are supposed to wait. Yu ar səpouzd tu weit. Sampeyan kuduné ngentèni.

be required to bii rikwaierd tu diwajibaké You are required to sign. Yu ar rikwaierd tu sain. Sampeyan diwajibaké nandhatangani.

be expected to bii ikspektid tu diarep-arep They are expected to arrive. Dhei ar ikspektid tu eraiv. Dheweke diarep-arep bakal teka.

be willing to bii wiling tu gelem I am willing to help. Ai em wiling tu help. Aku gelem nulungi.

be unwilling to bii an-wiling tu ora gelem He is unwilling to cooperate. Hii iz an-wiling tu kou-opereit. Dheweke ora gelem kerja bareng.

be likely to bii laikli tu kemungkinan gedhé She is likely to win. Syii iz laikli tu win. Dheweke kemungkinan gedhé bakal menang.

be unlikely to bii an-laikli tu ora mungkin He is unlikely to come. Hii iz an-laikli tu kam. Dheweke kayane ora bakal teka.

4. Need — Kaya modal

Tembung need bisa digunakaké kanthi rong cara.

Need minangka modal

Need I go?

Niid ai gou?

Apa aku kudu lunga?

You needn't worry.

Yu niidnt wari.

Sampeyan ora perlu kuwatir.

Need minangka kriya utama

I need to go.

Ai niid tu gou.

Aku perlu lunga.

Wangun Pocapan Arti

need niid perlu / butuh

needn't niidnt ora perlu

need to niid tu perlu nindakake

don't need to dount niid tu ora perlu nindakake

didn't need to didnt niid tu biyèn ora perlu nindakake

5. Dare — Kaya modal

Dare bisa dadi kriya biasa utawa kriya sing fungsiné mèmper modal.

Dare I ask?

Der ai ask?

Apa aku wani takon?

How dare you!

Hau der yu!

Kok wani-waniné sampeyan!

Wangun Pocapan Arti

dare der wani

daren't dernt ora wani

dare not der not ora wani

don't dare dount der ora wani

6. Used to — Pakulinan ing jaman biyèn

Used to dudu modal utama, nanging konstruksi sing mèmper modal.

I used to live there.

Ai yust tu liv dher.

Biyèn aku manggon ing kana.

Arti:

used to + V1

= pakulinan utawa kahanan sing ana ing jaman biyèn, nanging saiki wis ora kaya mangkono.

7. Be going to

Digunakaké kanggo nyebut rencana ing mangsa ngarep utawa prakiraan adhedhasar tandha-tandha.

I am going to study.

Ai em gouing tu stadi.

Aku arep sinau.

It is going to rain.

It iz gouing tu rein.

Kayane bakal udan.

8. Ungkapan modal

Iki dudu kriya modal, nanging ungkapan sing nuduhaké tingkat kamungkinan.

Ungkapan Pocapan Arti

perhaps perhaps mungkin

maybe meibi mungkin

possibly posibli mungkin / bisa uga

probably probəbli mbokmenawa gedhé kamungkinan

likely laikli mungkin

unlikely anlaikli ora mungkin

certainly sərtənli mesthi

definitely definitli temenan / mesthi

surely syurli mesthi / mesthiné

apparently əperəntli kaya-kayané / miturut sing katon

presumably prizyuməbli mbokmenawa / miturut prakiraan

conceivably kənsiivəbli bisa waé miturut akal

arguably argyuəbli bisa dianggep / bisa dipratelakaké

necessarily nesəserili mesthi / kanthi perlu

not necessarily not nesəserili ora mesthi

Conto:

She will probably come.

Syii wil probəbli kam.

Dheweke mbokmenawa bakal teka.

9. Ungkapan kabutuhan

Ungkapan Pocapan Arti

must mast kudu

have to hev tu kudu

have got to hev gat tu kudu

need to niid tu perlu / kudu

be required to bii rikwaierd tu diwajibaké

be obliged to bii əblaijd tu kudu amarga kewajiban

be compelled to bii kəmpeuld tu dipeksa

be forced to bii forst tu dipaksa

be necessary to bii nesəseri tu perlu kanggo nindakake

be essential to bii isensyal tu penting banget kanggo nindakake

10. Ungkapan saran

Ungkapan Pocapan Arti

should syud kuduné

ought to ot tu kuduné

had better hed beter luwih becik

might want to mait wont tu mungkin luwih becik nindakake

could kud bisa / mbokmenawa luwih becik

be advised to bii edvaizd tu disaranaké supaya

it would be wise to it wud bii waiz tu bakal luwih wicaksana yen

it would be better to it wud bii beter tu bakal luwih becik yen

Conto:

You might want to check again.

Yu mait wont tu chek əgen.

Sampeyan luwih becik mriksa manèh.

11. Ungkapan idin

Ungkapan Pocapan Arti

can ken bisa / oleh

could kud apa bisa / apa oleh

may mei oleh / bisa

might mait apa kirang langkung bisa, kanthi cara luwih sopan

be allowed to bii elaud tu diidinaké

be permitted to bii permitid tu diidinaké

be authorized to bii othəraizd tu diwènèhi wewenang

be entitled to bii entaitld tu nduwèni hak kanggo

12. Ungkapan kemampuan

Ungkapan Pocapan Arti

can ken bisa

could kud biyèn bisa

be able to bii eibel tu bisa / sanggup

be capable of bii keipəbəl əv mampu nindakake

manage to menij tu kasil bisa

succeed in sək-siid in kasil nindakake

Conto:

She was able to solve the problem.

Syii woz eibel tu solv dhe problem.

Dheweke bisa ngrampungaké masalah kuwi.

13. Ungkapan pangarep-arep

Ungkapan Pocapan Arti

should syud sakmesthiné bakal

ought to ot tu sakmesthiné

be supposed to bii səpouzd tu sakmesthiné / kuduné

be expected to bii ikspektid tu diarep-arep bakal

be due to bii dyu tu dijadwalaké bakal

be scheduled to bii skedyuld tu dijadwalaké kanggo

Conto:

The train is due to arrive at six.

Dhe trein iz dyu tu eraiv et siks.

Sepur kuwi dijadwalaké teka jam enem.

14. Ungkapan kersa

Ungkapan Pocapan Arti

will wil bakal / gelem

would wud biyèn gelem / apa kersa

be willing to bii wiling tu gelem nindakake

be happy to bii hepi tu seneng lan gelem nindakake

be prepared to bii priperd tu siyap nindakake

be ready to bii redi tu siyap nindakake

15. Ungkapan penolakan

Ungkapan Pocapan Arti

will not / won't wil not / wont ora bakal / nolak

would not / wouldn't wud not / wudnt biyèn ora gelem / nolak

refuse to rifyuz tu nolak nindakake

decline to diklain tu nolak kanthi sopan

be unwilling to bii an-wiling tu ora gelem nindakake

16. Konstruksi modal wektu kepungkur

Konstruksi iki kerep digunakaké kanggo ngomongaké tumindak utawa kahanan ing wektu kepungkur.

Konstruksi Pocapan Arti

could have + V3 kud hev + V3 sakmesthiné bisa / bisa waé wis

may have + V3 mei hev + V3 mungkin wis

might have + V3 mait hev + V3 mungkin wis

must have + V3 mast hev + V3 mesthi wis

can't have + V3 ken't hev + V3 ora mungkin wis

couldn't have + V3 kudnt hev + V3 ora mungkin wis

should have + V3 syud hev + V3 sakmesthiné wis

ought to have + V3 ot tu hev + V3 sakmesthiné wis

would have + V3 wud hev + V3 bakal wis ing kahanan tartamtu

needn't have + V3 niidnt hev + V3 sakmesthiné ora perlu ditindakake

Conto:

You should have called me.

Yu syud hev kold mii.

Sampeyan sakmesthiné wis nelpon aku.

17. Modal + Progressive

Sawisé modal, gunakaké be + kriya + ing:

modal + be + verb-ing

Konstruksi Conto Pocapan Arti

can be + verb-ing He can be working. Hii ken bii werking. Dheweke bisa waé lagi kerja.

could be + verb-ing He could be working. Hii kud bii werking. Mbokmenawa dheweke lagi kerja.

may be + verb-ing He may be working. Hii mei bii werking. Mungkin dheweke lagi kerja.

might be + verb-ing He might be working. Hii mait bii werking. Mungkin dheweke lagi kerja.

must be + verb-ing He must be working. Hii mast bii werking. Dheweke mesthi lagi kerja.

should be + verb-ing He should be working. Hii syud bii werking. Dheweke kuduné lagi kerja.

will be + verb-ing He will be working. Hii wil bii werking. Dheweke bakal lagi kerja.

would be + verb-ing He would be working. Hii wud bii werking. Dheweke bakal lagi kerja ing kahanan tartamtu.

18. Modal + Perfect Progressive

modal + have been + verb-ing

Conto:

She may have been working.

Syii mei hev bin werking.

Mungkin dheweke wis lagi kerja sawetara wektu.

Konstruksi Arti

could have been + verb-ing mungkin wis lagi nindakake

may have been + verb-ing mungkin wis lagi nindakake

might have been + verb-ing mungkin wis lagi nindakake

must have been + verb-ing mesthi wis lagi nindakake

should have been + verb-ing sakmesthiné wis lagi nindakake

would have been + verb-ing bakal wis lagi nindakake ing kahanan tartamtu

19. Modal + Passive

modal + be + V3

Conto:

The work must be finished.

Dhe werk mast bii finisyt.

Pagawean kuwi kudu dirampungaké.

Konstruksi Conto

can be + V3 It can be done.

could be + V3 It could be done.

may be + V3 It may be done.

might be + V3 It might be done.

must be + V3 It must be done.

should be + V3 It should be done.

will be + V3 It will be done.

would be + V3 It would be done.

20. Modal + Perfect Passive

modal + have been + V3

Conto:

It should have been done.

It syud hev bin dan.

Kuwi sakmesthiné wis ditindakake.

Konstruksi Arti

could have been + V3 bisa waé wis ditindakake

may have been + V3 mungkin wis ditindakake

might have been + V3 mungkin wis ditindakake

must have been + V3 mesthi wis ditindakake

should have been + V3 sakmesthiné wis ditindakake

would have been + V3 bakal wis ditindakake ing kahanan tartamtu

21- THERE IS / HAVE / BE

Jinis Struktur Pocapan struktur Conto lengkap Pocapan conto Terjemahan

Tunggal — positif There is + tembung aran tunggal dher iz + noun There is a book on the table. Dher iz ə buk on dhe teibəl. Ana buku ing ndhuwur meja.

Jamak — positif There are + tembung aran jamak dher ar + noun There are two books on the table. Dher ar tu buks on dhe teibəl. Ana rong buku ing ndhuwur meja.

Tembung aran sing ora bisa diitung There is + tembung aran sing ora bisa diitung dher iz + uncountable noun There is some water in the bottle. Dher iz sam woter in dhe botəl. Ana banyu ing njero botol.

Tunggal — negatif There isn't + tembung aran tunggal dher iznt + noun There isn't a book here. Dher iznt ə buk hir. Ora ana buku ing kéné.

Jamak — negatif There aren't + tembung aran jamak dher arnt + noun There aren't any books here. Dher arnt eni buks hir. Ora ana buku ing kéné.

Pitakon — tunggal Is there + tembung aran tunggal...? Iz dher + noun? Is there a problem? Iz dher ə problem? Apa ana masalah?

Pitakon — jamak Are there + tembung aran jamak...? Ar dher + noun? Are there any problems? Ar dher eni problems? Apa ana masalah?

Pitakon negatif — tunggal Isn't there + tembung aran tunggal...? Iznt dher + noun? Isn't there a problem? Iznt dher ə problem? Apa ora ana masalah?

Pitakon negatif — jamak Aren't there + tembung aran jamak...? Arnt dher + noun? Aren't there any problems? Arnt dher eni problems? Apa ora ana masalah?

Kepungkur tunggal There was + tembung aran tunggal dher woz + noun There was a problem. Dher woz ə problem. Biyèn ana masalah.

Kepungkur jamak There were + tembung aran jamak dher wer + noun There were many people. Dher wer meni pipəl. Biyèn ana akèh wong.

Kepungkur tunggal negatif There wasn't + tembung aran tunggal dher woznt + noun There wasn't a problem. Dher woznt ə problem. Biyèn ora ana masalah.

Kepungkur jamak negatif There weren't + tembung aran jamak dher wernt + noun There weren't many people. Dher wernt meni pipəl. Biyèn ora ana akèh wong.

Pitakon kepungkur Was there + tembung aran tunggal...? Woz dher + noun? Was there a problem? Woz dher ə problem? Apa biyèn ana masalah?

Pitakon kepungkur jamak Were there + tembung aran jamak...? Wer dher + noun? Were there many people? Wer dher meni pipəl? Apa biyèn ana akèh wong?

Mangsa ngarep There will be + tembung aran dher wil bii + noun There will be a meeting tomorrow. Dher wil bii ə miiting tumoro. Besuk bakal ana rapat.

Mangsa ngarep negatif There won't be + tembung aran dher wont bii + noun There won't be a meeting tomorrow. Dher wont bii ə miiting tumoro. Besuk ora bakal ana rapat.

Pitakon mangsa ngarep Will there be + tembung aran...? Wil dher bii + noun? Will there be a meeting tomorrow? Wil dher bii ə miiting tumoro? Apa sesuk bakal ana rapat?

Present Perfect There has/have been + tembung aran dher hez/hev bin + noun There has been a mistake. Dher hez bin ə misteik. Wis ana kesalahan.

Past Perfect There had been + tembung aran dher hed bin + noun There had been a problem. Dher hed bin ə problem. Sadurungé wis ana masalah.

Modal There can/may/might/must/should be + tembung aran dher ken/mei/mait/mast/syud bii + noun There may be a problem. Dher mei bii ə problem. Mbokmenawa ana masalah.

1. Have = Nduwèni

Jinis Struktur Pocapan struktur Conto lengkap Pocapan conto Terjemahan

Kanggo I / you / we / they Subjek + have + tembung aran dhe sabjek + hev + dhe noun I have a car. Ai hev ə kar. Aku nduwèni mobil.

Kanggo he / she / it Subjek + has + tembung aran dhe sabjek + hez + dhe noun She has a car. Syii hez ə kar. Dheweke nduwèni mobil.

Have digunakaké karo: I, you, we, they

Has digunakaké karo: he, she, it

2. Wangun negatif nganggo have

Jinis Struktur Pocapan struktur Conto lengkap Pocapan conto Terjemahan

Negatif I/you/we/they Subjek + do not + have + tembung aran dhe sabjek + du not + hev + dhe noun I do not have a car. Ai du not hev ə kar. Aku ora nduwèni mobil.

Negatif he/she/it Subjek + does not + have + tembung aran dhe sabjek + daz not + hev + dhe noun She does not have a car. Syii daz not hev ə kar. Dheweke ora nduwèni mobil.

Elinga: sawisé does, gunakaké have, dudu has:

She doesn't have a car. ✅

She doesn't has a car. ❌

3. Pitakon nganggo have

Jinis Struktur Pocapan struktur Conto lengkap Pocapan conto Terjemahan

Pitakon I/you/we/they Do + subjek + have + tembung aran? Du + dhe sabjek + hev + dhe noun? Do you have a car? Du yu hev ə kar? Apa sampeyan nduwèni mobil?

Pitakon he/she/it Does + subjek + have + tembung aran? Daz + dhe sabjek + hev + dhe noun? Does she have a car? Daz syii hev ə kar? Apa dheweke nduwèni mobil?

4. Have minangka kriya bantu

Have ora mung tegesé nduwèni, nanging uga digunakaké kanggo mbentuk perfect tenses.

Tense Struktur Pocapan struktur Conto Terjemahan

Present Perfect Subjek + have/has + V3 dhe sabjek + hev/hez + V3 I have finished. Aku wis rampung.

Present Perfect Continuous Subjek + have/has + been + kriya-ing dhe sabjek + hev/hez + bin + verb-ing I have been working. Aku wis kerja suwé.

Past Perfect Subjek + had + V3 dhe sabjek + hed + V3 I had finished. Aku wis rampung sadurungé wektu kuwi.

Past Perfect Continuous Subjek + had + been + kriya-ing dhe sabjek + hed + bin + verb-ing I had been working. Aku wis kerja suwé sadurungé wektu kuwi.

Bedané kanthi conto:

I have a car.

→ have = nduwèni

I have finished.

→ have = kriya bantu kanggo mbentuk Present Perfect.

5. Have to = Kudu / wajib

Have to nuduhaké kabutuhan utawa kewajiban.

Jinis Struktur Pocapan struktur Conto lengkap Terjemahan

I/you/we/they Subjek + have to + V1 dhe sabjek + hev tu + V1 I have to work. Aku kudu kerja.

he/she/it Subjek + has to + V1 dhe sabjek + hez tu + V1 She has to work. Dheweke kudu kerja.

Kepungkur Subjek + had to + V1 dhe sabjek + hed tu + V1 I had to work. Aku kudu kerja nalika semana.

Mangsa ngarep Subjek + will have to + V1 dhe sabjek + wil hev tu + V1 I will have to work. Aku bakal kudu kerja.

6. Have got = Nduwèni

Ing basa Inggris, utamané basa Inggris Britania, bisa digunakaké:

have got / has got

Struktur Conto Terjemahan

Subjek + have got + tembung aran I have got a car. Aku nduwèni mobil.

Subjek + has got + tembung aran She has got a car. Dheweke nduwèni mobil.

Wangun negatif:

I haven't got a car.

= Aku ora nduwèni mobil.

Pitakon:

Have you got a car?

= Apa sampeyan nduwèni mobil?

Imperatives — Ukara prentah

Jinis Struktur Pocapan struktur Conto Pocapan conto Arti

Prentah positif Kriya V1 Come here. Kam hir. Kénéa.

Prentah nganggo objek Kriya + objek V1 + objek Read the book. Riid dhe buk. Wacanen buku kuwi.

Prentah negatif Don't + kriya Dount + V1 Don't run. Dount ran. Aja mlayu.

Wangun negatif resmi Do not + kriya Du not + V1 Do not enter. Du not enter. Aja mlebu.

Nganggo Be Be + adjektiva Bii + adjective Be careful. Bii kerful. Aja sembrana / sing ngati-ati.

Be negatif Don't be + adjektiva Dount bii + adjective Don't be late. Dount bii leit. Aja telat.

Nganggo Let me Let + me + kriya Let + mii + V1 Let me help you. Let mii help yu. Ayo dak tulungi.

Nganggo Let him/her/them Let + objek + kriya Let + object + V1 Let him go. Let him gou. Éntukna dheweke lunga.

Let's Let's + kriya Lets + V1 Let's go. Lets gou. Ayo lunga.

Let's negatif Let's not + kriya Lets not + V1 Let's not wait. Lets not weit. Ayo aja ngentèni.

Prentah sopan Please + kriya Pliiz + V1 Please sit down. Pliiz sit daun. Mangga lenggah.

Prentah kanggo negesaké Do + kriya Du + V1 Do sit down. Du sit daun. Mangga, lenggaha.

Pepeling sing kuwat Never + kriya Never + V1 Never give up. Never giv ap. Aja nganti nyerah.

Kabiasaan / saran Always + kriya Olweiz + V1 Always be careful. Olweiz bii kerful. Tansah ngati-ati.

Prentah pasif Be + V3 Bii + V3 Be prepared. Bii priperd. Siyapna awakmu.

Prentah + asil Kriya + and + ukara V1 + and + clause Study hard, and you will pass. Stadi hard, and yu wil pas. Sinaua kanthi sregep, lan sampeyan bakal lulus.

Prentah + akibat Kriya + or + ukara V1 + or + clause Hurry up, or you'll be late. Hari ap, or yul bii leit. Cepet-cepet, utawa sampeyan bakal telat.

Prentah + pitakon tambahan Kriya, will you? V1, wil yu? Wait here, will you? Weit hir, wil yu? Ngentèni ing kéné, ya?

Let's + pitakon tambahan Let's + kriya, shall we? Lets + V1, syal wii? Let's go, shall we? Lets gou, syal wii? Ayo lunga, ya?

22- Ater-ater (SUFFIXES)

Ater ngarep (Prefix) Carane maca nganggo basa Jawa Makna Conto Makna

a- a / i ora / dudu atypical ora lumrah

ab- ab adoh saka abduct nyulik

ad- ad menyang / cedhak adjoin gandheng karo

ambi- ambi loro-lorone ambiguous ambigu / nduweni teges luwih saka siji

ante- ante sadurunge antecedent sadurunge / sing ndhisiki

anti- anti nentang antiwar nentang perang

arch- ark utama / paling dhuwur archbishop uskup agung

auto- oto dhewe automatic otomatis

bi- bai loro bilingual basa loro

circum- sirkum ngubengi circumference keliling

co- ko bareng cooperate kerja bareng

contra- kontra nentang contradict mbantah

counter- kaunter mbaleni / nglawan counterattack serangan balasan

de- de ngilangake / mbalikke deactivate ngaktifake dadi ora aktif

deca- deka sepuluh decade sedasa taun

deci- desi saprasepuluh decimeter desimeter

demi- demi setengah demigod dewa setengah

dis- dis ora / kosok balen / pisah disagree ora sarujuk

dys- dis ala / ora normal dysfunction gangguan fungsi

eco- eko lingkungan ecosystem ekosistem

ecto- ekto njaba ectoderm ektoderm

endo- endo ing njero endoskeleton rangka njero

epi- epi ing ndhuwur epidermis epidermis / lapisan njaba kulit

eu- eu apik euphemism ungkapan alus

ex- eks sadurunge / mantan ex-president mantan presiden

extra- ekstra ing njaba / tambahan extraordinary ora lumrah

fore- for sadurunge / ing ngarep forecast prakiraan

geo- geo bumi geography geografi

hemi- hemi setengah hemisphere hemisfer / separo bumi

hetero- hetero beda heterogeneous ora padha jinise

homo- homo padha / padha jinise homogeneous padha jinise

hyper- hiper keluwihan / kakehan hyperactive kakehan aktivitas

hypo- hipo ing ngisor / kurang hypothermia suhu awak kurang banget

in- in ora / ing njero inactive ora aktif

im- im ora / ing njero impossible ora mungkin

il- il ora illegal ora sah miturut hukum

ir- ir ora irregular ora teratur

infra- infra ing ngisor infrared inframerah

inter- inter antarane international internasional

intra- intra ing njero intranet jaringan internal

intro- intro menyang njero introduce ngenalake

iso- iso padha isotope isotop

macro- makro gedhe macroeconomics makroekonomi

mal- mal ala / ora becik malfunction kerusakan fungsi

mega- mega gedhe banget megastore toko gedhe banget

meta- meta sawise / ngluwihi metadata data babagan data

micro- mikro cilik microscope mikroskop

mid- mid tengah midnight tengah wengi

mini- mini cilik minibus minibus

mono- mono siji monolingual nganggo siji basa

multi- multi akeh multilingual nganggo akeh basa

neo- neo anyar neologism tembung anyar

non- non ora / dudu nonstandard ora standar

omni- omni kabeh omniscient ngerti kabeh

out- aut ing njaba / luwih unggul outperform ngluwihi prestasi

over- over kakehan / ngluwihi overcook masak kakehan

paleo- paleo kuna paleolithic Zaman Watu Kuna

pan- pan kabeh pan-European nyakup kabeh Eropa

para- para ing sisih / meh padha paranormal fenomena paranormal

peri- peri ngubengi perimeter keliling

poly- poli akeh polyglot wong sing nguwasani akeh basa

post- post sawise postwar sawise perang

pre- pre sadurunge prehistory jaman sadurunge sejarah

pro- pro nyengkuyung / maju pro-democracy nyengkuyung demokrasi

proto- proto wiwitan / asli prototype prototipe / model wiwitan

pseudo- pseudo palsu / katon kaya pseudonym jeneng samaran

re- re nglakoni maneh rewrite nulis maneh

retro- retro menyang mburi retroactive mundhur kanggo wektu sadurunge

semi- semi setengah / separo semicircle setengah bunderan

sub- sub ing ngisor / bagean saka submarine kapal selam

super- super ing ndhuwur / ngluwihi superhuman ngluwihi kemampuan manungsa

supra- supra ing ndhuwur supranational ngluwihi wates negara

syn- sin bareng / bebarengan synchronize nyelarasake wektu

tele- tele adoh telephone telepon

trans- trans nyabrang / ngliwati transport ngangkut

tri- tri telu triangle segitiga

ultra- ultra luwih adoh / banget ultramodern modern banget

un- an ora / kosok balen unhappy ora seneng

under- ander ing ngisor / kurang underpaid digaji kurang

uni- uni siji unilateral saka siji pihak

vice- vais wakil vice-president wakil presiden

with- widh adoh saka / nglawan withdraw menarik mundur

Ater mburi (Suffixes)

Suffix Carane maca nganggo basa Jawa Fungsi Conto Makna

-er er wong sing nindakake pakaryan teacher guru

-or or wong sing nindakake pakaryan actor aktor

-ar ar wong sing ana gandhengane karo pakaryan beggar pengemis

-ist is wong sing ahli ing sawijining bidang artist seniman

-ian ian wong sing ana gandhengane karo bidang musician musisi

-ant ant wong utawa barang sing nindakake fungsi assistant asisten

-ent ent wong sing nindakake pakaryan student siswa

-ee i wong sing nampa tumindak employee karyawan

-ess es wujud wadon actress aktris

-ness nes kahanan / nggawe tembung sifat dadi tembung aran happiness kabagyan

-ity iti kahanan / nggawe tembung sifat dadi tembung aran activity kegiatan

-ty ti kahanan / nggawe tembung sifat dadi tembung aran safety kaslametan

-ship ship kahanan / sesambungan friendship paseduluran

-hood hud kahanan / tataran urip childhood masa kanak-kanak

-dom dom kahanan / wilayah kingdom karajan

-th th kahanan / sipat warmth anget

-ment ment asil / proses development pangembangan

-tion shen proses / asil education pendhidhikan

-sion zhen / shen proses / asil decision keputusan

-ion ion / shen proses / asil action tumindak

-ation eishen proses organization organisasi

-al al proses / asil arrival rawuhe

-ance ans kahanan / proses appearance panampilan

-ence ans kahanan existence eksistensi / anane

-ancy ansi kahanan expectancy pangarep-arep

-ency ensi kahanan efficiency efisiensi

-age ij asil / proses marriage pawiwahan

-ure yer asil / kahanan failure kagagalan

-ing ing ngowahi dadi tembung aran / kegiatan swimming renang

-ism isme paham / gagasan capitalism kapitalisme

-cracy krasi sistem pamrentahan democracy demokrasi

-crat krat wong sing gegayutan karo sistem democrat demokrat

-archy arki sistem pamrentahan monarchy monarki

-arch ark panguwasa / pimpinan monarch panguwasa monarki

-logy logi èlmu / studi biology èlmu biologi

-graphy grafi tulisan / gambaran geography geografi

-graph graf alat kanggo nulis utawa ngrekam autograph tandha tangan

-meter meter alat kanggo ngukur thermometer termometer

-metry metri proses ngukur geometry geometri

-scope skop alat kanggo ndeleng telescope teleskop

-scopy skopi pemeriksaan nganggo alat optik microscopy pemeriksaan nganggo mikroskop

-nomy nomi sistem / aturan astronomy èlmu astronomi

-phobia fobia wedi banget arachnophobia wedi marang laba-laba

-phile fil nyenengi banget bibliophile panggemar buku

-philia filia katresnan / minat audiophilia katresnan marang swara

-phone fon swara / piranti swara telephone telepon

-phony foni swara / gabungan swara symphony simfoni

-path pat wong sing nduweni kondisi tartamtu psychopath psikopat

-pathy pati kahanan / penyakit neuropathy penyakit saraf

-itis itis radang arthritis radang sendi

-osis osis kahanan / penyakit diagnosis diagnosis

-emia emia kahanan getih anemia anemia / kurang getih

-oma oma tumor / benjolan carcinoma karsinoma

-ectomy ektomi pengangkatan liwat operasi appendectomy operasi ngangkat usus buntu

-otomy otomi sayatan bedhah tracheotomy sayatan ing trakea

-plasty plasti operasi kanggo ndandani rhinoplasty operasi plastik irung

-let let wujud cilik booklet buku cilik

-ling ling wujud cilik / keturunan duckling anak bebek

-ette et wujud cilik kitchenette pawon cilik

-kin kin wujud cilik manikin model manungsa cilik

-oid oid nduweni wujud kaya humanoid wujude kaya manungsa

-esque esk nduweni gaya kaya picturesque endah kaya lukisan

-like laik nduweni sipat kaya childlike kaya bocah

-ish ish kaya / rada greenish rada ijo

-ster ster wong sing gegayutan karo pakaryan youngster nom-noman

-eer ir wong sing melu kegiatan auctioneer pemandu lelang

-ard ard wong sing nduweni sipat tartamtu coward pengecut

-some som nduweni sipat sing nyebabake troublesome ngrepoti

-worthy werdhi pantes / layak trustworthy bisa dipercaya

-proof pruf tahan marang / ora gampang kena waterproof tahan banyu

-free fri bebas saka sugar-free bebas gula

-wide waid nyakup wilayah gedhe worldwide sakdonya

-ward werd menyang arah backward menyang mburi

-wise wais miturut cara / arah clockwise searah jarum jam

-fold fold kaping / tikel threefold tikel telu

23- Tembung Kerja Frasal (PHRASAL VERBS)

Phrasal verb = tembung kerja frasal, yaiku tembung kerja sing digandhengake karo tembung kaya up, out, off, on, away, back, in, over.

Conto:

give + up → give up = nyerah / mandheg nindakake sawijining perkara

Cathetan: ora kabeh gabungan verb + preposition/adverb iku padha; ana phrasal verbs, prepositional verbs, lan phrasal-prepositional verbs.

1. Tembung Kerja Frasal Utama

Phrasal verb Cara maca Makna Conto ukara lengkap Cara maca ukara

add up ad ap jumlahé cocog The numbers add up. dhe namberz ad ap

ask for ask for njaluk She asked for help. shi askt for help

back up bek ap nyengkuyung / nggawe salinan cadangan Please back up your files. pliz bek ap yor fails

break down breik daun rusak / mandheg amarga rusak My car broke down. mai kar brouk daun

break in breik in mlebu kanthi paksa Someone broke in last night. samwan brouk in last nait

break out breik aut miwiti dumadakan / njeblug A fire broke out. e faiyer brouk aut

break up breik ap pisah / mungkasi hubungan They broke up last year. dhei brouk ap last yir

bring back bring bek nggawa bali Please bring back my book. pliz bring bek mai buk

bring in bring in nglebokake / nggawa mlebu They brought in a new manager. dhei brot in e nyu manajer

bring up bring ap ngrembug / nggedhekake She brought up an important issue. shi brot ap en important isyu

call back kol bek nelpon maneh I'll call you back later. ail kol yu bek leiter

call off kol of mbatalake They called off the meeting. dhei kold of dhe miting

carry on keri on nerusake Please carry on working. pliz keri on werking

carry out keri aut nindakake / nglakokake They carried out the plan. dhei kerid aut dhe plan

catch up kech ap nyusul / nggayuh tingkat sing padha I need to catch up with you. ai nid tu kech ap widh yu

check in chek in ndhaptar rawuh We checked in at the hotel. wi chekt in et dhe hotel

check out chek aut mriksa / metu saka hotel We checked out at noon. wi chekt aut et nun

clean up klin ap ngresiki Clean up your room. klin ap yor rum

come back kam bek bali He came back yesterday. hi keim bek yesterdei

come in kam in mlebu Come in, please. kam in pliz

come out kam aut metu / diterbitake The new book came out yesterday. dhe nyu buk keim aut yesterdei

come over kam over dolan menyang omah wong liya Come over tonight. kam over tunait

cut down kat daun ngurangi I'm trying to cut down on sugar. aim traiing tu kat daun on shugar

cut off kat of motong / medhot They cut off the electricity. dhei kat of dhi elektrisiti

deal with dil widh nangani We need to deal with this problem. wi nid tu dil widh dhis problem

do without du widhaut urip tanpa We can do without a car. wi ken du widhaut e kar

drop off drop of ngeterake / nyelehake I'll drop you off at school. ail drop yu of et skul

end up end ap pungkasane dadi / pungkasane nindakake We ended up staying home. wi endid ap steiing houm

fall apart fol apart ambruk / buyar The old chair fell apart. dhi ould cher fel apart

fall behind fol bihaind ketinggalan He fell behind in class. hi fel bihaind in klas

figure out figyer aut ngerteni / nemokake solusi I can't figure it out. ai kent figyer it aut

fill in fil in ngisi / nglengkapi Please fill in this form. pliz fil in dhis form

fill out fil aut ngisi formulir Fill out the application. fil aut dhi aplikeishen

find out faind aut ngerteni / nemokake I found out the truth. ai faund aut dhe truth

get back get bek bali I'll get back home soon. ail get bek houm sun

get in get in mlebu Get in the car. get in dhe kar

get off get of turun saka kendaraan Get off the bus. get of dhe bas

get on get on numpak kendaraan Get on the bus. get on dhe bas

get out get aut metu Get out of the room. get aut of dhe rum

get over get over ngatasi / pulih saka She got over her fear. shi got over her fir

get up get ap tangi I get up at seven. ai get ap et seven

give back giv bek mbalekake Give me back my phone. giv mi bek mai fon

give in giv in nyerah He finally gave in. hi faineli geiv in

give up giv ap nyerah / mandheg Don't give up. dount giv ap

go ahead gou ehed terusna / wiwitana Go ahead and start. gou ehed end start

go back gou bek bali We went back home. wi went bek houm

go on gou on nerusake Please go on. pliz gou on

go out gou aut metu We went out last night. wi went aut last nait

grow up grou ap tuwuh gedhe I grew up in Kuwait. ai gru ap in Kuwait

hand in hend in ngumpulake Hand in your homework. hend in yor houmwerk

hang on heng on ngenteni / nyekel Hang on a minute. heng on e minit

hang out heng aut ngentekake wektu bareng kanca We hang out together. wi heng aut tugedher

hold on hold on ngenteni / nyekel Hold on, please. hold on pliz

keep on kip on terus nindakake Keep on trying. kip on traiing

keep up kip ap terus njaga tingkat sing apik Keep up the good work. kip ap dhe gud werk

kick out kik aut nundhung They kicked him out. dhei kikt him aut

look after luk after ngopeni / njaga She looks after her children. shi luks after her children

look for luk for nggoleki I'm looking for my keys. aim luking for mai kiz

look into luk intu nyelidiki We'll look into the problem. wil luk intu dhe problem

look out luk aut ati-ati Look out! luk aut!

look up luk ap nggoleki informasi Look up the word. luk ap dhe werd

make up meik ap rukun maneh / nggawe crita They made up after the argument. dhei meid ap after dhi argument

move on muv on nerusake urip / maju It’s time to move on. its taim tu muv on

pick up pik ap ngangkat / njupuk Pick up the phone. pik ap dhe fon

point out point aut nuduhake / nudingake She pointed out a mistake. shi pointed aut e misteik

put away put ewei nyimpen Put your clothes away. put yor kloudhz ewei

put down put daun nyelehake Put the book down. put dhe buk daun

put off put of nundha Don't put it off. dount put it of

put on put on nganggo / masang Put on your jacket. put on yor jakit

put out put aut mateni / ngusir Put out the fire. put aut dhe faiyer

put up put ap masang / ngadegake Put up the picture. put ap dhe pikcher

run into ran intu kebeneran ketemu I ran into an old friend. ai ran intu en ould frend

run out ran aut entek We ran out of milk. wi ran aut of milk

set up set ap ngadegake / nyiyapake They set up a new company. dhei set ap e nyu kampani

show up shou ap muncul / teka He didn't show up. hi didnt shou ap

shut down shat daun mandheg operasi / nutup The factory shut down. dhe factory shat daun

sit down sit daun lungguh Please sit down. pliz sit daun

stand up stend ap ngadeg Please stand up. pliz stend ap

take back teik bek narik maneh omongan I take back what I said. ai teik bek wat ai sed

take off teik of ngeculake / pesawat mabur The plane took off. dhe plein tuk of

take on teik on nampa tanggung jawab / kerja anyar She took on a new job. shi tuk on e nyu job

take out teik aut ngetokake / nggawa metu Take out the trash. teik aut dhe trash

take over teik over njupuk alih She took over the company. shi tuk over dhe kampani

take up teik ap miwiti kegiatan anyar He took up swimming. hi tuk ap swimming

throw away throu ewei mbuwang Don't throw it away. dount throu it ewei

try on trai on nyoba nganggo sandhangan Try on this shirt. trai on dhis shert

turn down tern daun nolak / nyuda She turned down the offer. shi ternd daun dhi ofer

turn off tern of mateni Turn off the light. tern of dhe lait

turn on tern on nguripake Turn on the TV. tern on dhe ti vi

turn up tern ap nggedhekake swara / muncul Turn up the volume. tern ap dhe volume

wake up weik ap tangi I woke up early. ai wouk ap erli

work out werk aut olahraga / nemokake solusi I work out every day. ai werk aut evri dei

write down rait daun nulis Write down the answer. rait daun dhi anser

2. Struktur Utama

Jinis Struktur Cara maca Conto Makna

Phrasal verb transitif sing bisa dipisah tembung kerja + adverbia + objek verb + adverb + object Turn off the light. Mateni lampu.

Kanthi pronomina tembung kerja + pronomina + adverbia verb + pronoun + adverb Turn it off. Mateni kuwi.

Prepositional verb sing ora bisa dipisah tembung kerja + preposisi + objek verb + preposition + object Look after the child. Ngopeni bocah kasebut.

Intransitif tembung kerja + adverbia verb + adverb The plane took off. Pesawat mabur.

Phrasal-prepositional tembung kerja + adverbia + preposisi + objek verb + adverb + preposition + object I look forward to the trip. Aku ngenteni kanthi bungah lelungan kasebut.

3. Aturan Penting: Bisa Dipisah Apa Ora?

Turn off bisa dipisah:

Turn off the light.

Turn the light off.

Turn it off. ✅

Turn off it. ❌

Nanging look after ora bisa dipisah:

Look after the child. ✅

Look the child after. ❌

Look after him. ✅

24- Tembung Cekakan (CONTRACTIONS)

Contraction yaiku wujud cekak saka rong tembung utawa luwih. Tembung iki kerep digunakake ing basa Inggris lisan lan tulisan ora resmi.

Conto:

I am → I'm → aim → aku

I have → I've → aiv → aku duwe / wis

I will → I'll → ail → bakal

I would → I'd → aid → bakal / mesthine (gumantung konteks)

1- Cekakan BE

am → 'm

I am → I'm → aim → aku

Conto: I'm happy. → aim hepi → Aku seneng.

are → 're

You are → You're → yor → kowe iku

Conto: You're right. → yor rait → Kowe bener.

We are → We're → wir → kita

Conto: We're ready. → wir redi → Kita wis siyap.

They are → They're → dheir → dheweke kabeh

Conto: They're here. → dheir hir → Dheweke kabeh ana ing kene.

is → 's

He is → He's → hiz → dheweke lanang

Conto: He's tired. → hiz taiyerd → Dheweke kesel.

She is → She's → shiz → dheweke wadon

Conto: She's happy. → shiz hepi → Dheweke seneng.

It is → It's → its → kuwi / iku / kahanan utawa barang

Conto: It's cold. → its kould → Hawane adhem.

2- Cekakan HAVE

have → 've

I have → I've → aiv → aku duwe / wis

Conto: I've finished. → aiv finishet → Aku wis rampung.

You have → You've → yuv → kowe duwe / wis

Conto: You've changed. → yuv cheinjd → Kowe wis owah.

We have → We've → wiv → kita duwe / wis

Conto: We've arrived. → wiv eraivd → Kita wis tekan.

They have → They've → dheiv → dheweke kabeh wis

Conto: They've left. → dheiv left → Dheweke kabeh wis lunga.

He has → He's → hiz → dheweke lanang wis

Conto: He's finished. → hiz finishet → Dheweke wis rampung.

She has → She's → shiz → dheweke wadon wis

Conto: She's gone. → shiz gon → Dheweke wis lunga.

3- Cekakan WILL

will → 'll

I will → I'll → ail → aku bakal

Conto: I'll help you. → ail help yu → Aku bakal nulungi kowe.

You will → You'll → yul → kowe bakal

Conto: You'll understand. → yul anderstend → Kowe bakal ngerti.

He will → He'll → hil → dheweke lanang bakal

Conto: He'll come tomorrow. → hil kam tumoro → Dheweke bakal teka sesuk.

She will → She'll → shil → dheweke wadon bakal

Conto: She'll call you. → shil kol yu → Dheweke bakal nelpon kowe.

We will → We'll → wil → kita bakal

Conto: We'll see. → wil si → Kita bakal weruh.

They will → They'll → dheil → dheweke kabeh bakal

Conto: They'll arrive soon. → dheil eraiv sun → Dheweke kabeh bakal enggal teka.

4- Cekakan WOULD

would → 'd

I would → I'd → aid → aku bakal / aku mesthine

Conto: I'd help you. → aid help yu → Aku bakal nulungi kowe.

You would → You'd → yud → kowe bakal / mesthine

Conto: You'd like it. → yud laik it → Kowe mesthi seneng karo kuwi.

He would → He'd → hid → dheweke lanang bakal

Conto: He'd come. → hid kam → Dheweke mesthine bakal teka.

She would → She'd → shid → dheweke wadon bakal

Conto: She'd help us. → shid help as → Dheweke bakal nulungi kita.

We would → We'd → wid → kita bakal

Conto: We'd go. → wid gou → Kita bakal lunga.

They would → They'd → dheid → dheweke kabeh bakal

Conto: They'd agree. → dheid egri → Dheweke kabeh bakal sarujuk.

5- Cekakan HAD

had → 'd

I had → I'd → aid → aku wis / wis rampung sadurunge wektu liyane

Conto: I'd finished before he arrived. → aid finishet bifor hi eraivd → Aku wis rampung sadurunge dheweke teka.

You had → You'd → yud → kowe wis

Conto: You'd already left. → yud olredi left → Kowe wis lunga luwih dhisik.

He had → He'd → hid → dheweke lanang wis

Conto: He'd eaten. → hid iten → Dheweke wis mangan.

She had → She'd → shid → dheweke wadon wis

Conto: She'd finished. → shid finishet → Dheweke wis rampung.

6- Asil Penting: 'd Bisa Nduweni Rong Teges

I'd = I would utawa I had

I'd go. → aid gou → Aku bakal lunga.

I'd gone. → aid gon → Aku wis lunga.

Biasane, teges sing bener bisa dimangerteni saka konteks ukara.

7- Cekakan NOT

not → n't

is not → isn't → izent → ora / dudu

Conto: He isn't here. → hi izent hir → Dheweke ora ana ing kene.

are not → aren't → arent → ora

Conto: They aren't ready. → dhei arent redi → Dheweke kabeh durung siyap.

was not → wasn't → wozent → ora / durung

Conto: He wasn't there. → hi wozent dher → Dheweke ora ana ing kana.

were not → weren't → werent → ora / dudu

Conto: We weren't late. → wi werent leit → Kita ora telat.

have not → haven't → havent → durung / ora duwe

Conto: I haven't finished. → ai havent finishet → Aku durung rampung.

has not → hasn't → hazent → durung / ora duwe

Conto: She hasn't arrived. → shi hazent eraivd → Dheweke durung teka.

had not → hadn't → hadent → durung / ora wis

Conto: He hadn't eaten. → hi hadent iten → Dheweke durung mangan.

do not → don't → dount → ora

Conto: I don't know. → ai dount nou → Aku ora ngerti.

does not → doesn't → dazent → ora

Conto: He doesn't know. → hi dazent nou → Dheweke ora ngerti.

did not → didn't → dident → ora / durung

Conto: I didn't see him. → ai dident si him → Aku ora weruh dheweke.

8- Cekakan Liyane

cannot → can't → kent → ora bisa

could not → couldn't → kudent → ora bisa / ora bisa nalika semana

should not → shouldn't → shudent → ora kudune

would not → wouldn't → wudent → ora bakal / ora gelem

must not → mustn't → masent → ora kena / dilarang

will not → won't → wont → ora bakal

Conto: I won't go. → ai wont gou → Aku ora bakal lunga.

9- Cathetan Penting

Cekakan iki ora padha karo suffixes. Contractions yaiku gabungan tembung sing dicekak, lan biasane ditulis nganggo apostrof ('). Suffixes yaiku ater-ater mburi sing ditambahake ing tembung kanggo mbentuk tembung anyar utawa ngganti fungsine.

Conto:

I + will → I'll

You + have → You've

He + is → He's

They + are → They're

Do + not → Don't

Can + not → Can't

Dadi, jeneng sing bener kanggo bentuk kasebut yaiku Contractions = cekakan tembung, dudu Suffixes = ater-ater mburi.