1- Alfabè anglè a

1. A a — Yo pwononse l: ay — /eɪ/ — Yo rele lèt A «ey»; son li sanble ak son ki nan kòmansman mo «apeprè».

2. B b — Yo pwononse l: bi — /b/ — Yo rele lèt B «bi», epi son li se /b/, tankou nan mo book.

3. C c — Yo pwononse l: si — /k/, /s/ — Yo rele lèt C «si». Son li ka /k/, tankou nan cat, oswa /s/, tankou nan city.

4. D d — Yo pwononse l: di — /d/ — Yo rele lèt D «di», epi son li se /d/, tankou nan dog.

5. E e — Yo pwononse l: i — /iː/ — Yo rele lèt E «i», tankou son ki nan mo see.

6. F f — Yo pwononse l: ef — /f/ — Yo rele lèt F «ef», epi son li se /f/, tankou nan fish.

7. G g — Yo pwononse l: dji — /ɡ/, /dʒ/ — Yo rele lèt G «dji». Son li ka /ɡ/, tankou nan go, oswa /dʒ/, tankou nan giant.

8. H h — Yo pwononse l: eytch — /h/ — Yo rele lèt H «eytch», epi son li se /h/, tankou nan house.

9. I i — Yo pwononse l: ay — /aɪ/ — Yo rele lèt I «ay», tankou nan mo eye.

10. J j — Yo pwononse l: djej — /dʒ/ — Yo rele lèt J «djej», epi son li se /dʒ/, tankou nan job.

11. K k — Yo pwononse l: key — /k/ — Yo rele lèt K «key», epi son li se /k/, tankou nan key.

12. L l — Yo pwononse l: el — /l/ — Yo rele lèt L «el», epi son li se /l/, tankou nan love.

13. M m — Yo pwononse l: em — /m/ — Yo rele lèt M «em», epi son li se /m/, tankou nan man.

14. N n — Yo pwononse l: en — /n/ — Yo rele lèt N «en», epi son li se /n/, tankou nan name.

15. O o — Yo pwononse l: oh — /oʊ/ — Yo rele lèt O «oh», epi son li se /oʊ/, tankou nan go.

16. P p — Yo pwononse l: pi — /p/ — Yo rele lèt P «pi», epi son li se /p/, tankou nan pen.

17. Q q — Yo pwononse l: kiu — /k/ — Yo rele lèt Q «kiu». Anjeneral, li vini ansanm ak lèt U, tankou nan queen.

18. R r — Yo pwononse l: ar — /r/ — Yo rele lèt R «ar», epi son li se /r/, tankou nan red.

19. S s — Yo pwononse l: es — /s/, /z/ — Yo rele lèt S «es». Son li ka /s/, tankou nan sun, oswa /z/, tankou nan rose.

20. T t — Yo pwononse l: ti — /t/ — Yo rele lèt T «ti», epi son li se /t/, tankou nan ten.

21. U u — Yo pwononse l: yu — /juː/, /ʌ/ — Yo rele lèt U «yu» /juː/, men li ka gen son /ʌ/, tankou nan cup.

22. V v — Yo pwononse l: vi — /v/ — Yo rele lèt V «vi», epi son li se /v/, tankou nan very.

23. W w — Yo pwononse l: dabal-yu — /w/ — Yo rele lèt W «dabal-yu», epi son li se /w/, tankou nan water.

24. X x — Yo pwononse l: eks — /ks/ — Yo rele lèt X «eks», epi son li anjeneral se /ks/, tankou nan box.

25. Y y — Yo pwononse l: way — /j/, /ɪ/, /aɪ/ — Yo rele lèt Y «way». Son li ka /j/, tankou nan yes, /ɪ/, tankou nan happy, oswa /aɪ/, tankou nan my.

26. Z z — Yo pwononse l: zi* — /z/ — Nan anglè ameriken, yo rele lèt Z «zi». Nan anglè britanik, yo rele l anjeneral «zed». Son li se /z/, tankou nan zoo.

2- Lòd mo yo (WORD ORDER)

1. Fraz debaz — Sijè + Vèb — sabdjekt + vèrb — I sleep. — Ay slip — Mwen dòmi.

2. Konpleman dirèk — Sijè + Vèb + Konpleman dirèk — sabdjekt + vèrb + dayrèkt obdjèkt — I read a book. — Ay rid a buk — Mwen li yon liv.

3. Konpleman endirèk — Sijè + Vèb + Konpleman endirèk + Konpleman dirèk — sabdjekt + vèrb + indayrèkt obdjèkt + dayrèkt obdjèkt — I give him a book. — Ay giv him a buk — Mwen ba li yon liv.

4. Benefisyè — Sijè + Vèb + Konpleman dirèk + for + moun nan — sabdjekt + vèrb + dayrèkt obdjèkt + for + pèrsòn — I buy a book for him. — Ay bay a buk for him — Mwen achte yon liv pou li.

5. Pwonon konpleman endirèk — Sijè + Vèb + Pwonon konpleman endirèk + Konpleman dirèk — sabdjekt + vèrb + indayrèkt obdjèkt prounawn + dayrèkt obdjèkt — I give her a book. — Ay giv her a buk — Mwen ba li yon liv.

6. Adjektif — Sijè + be + Adjektif — sabdjekt + bi + adjèktiv — The book is big. — De buk iz big — Liv la gwo.

7. Advèb — Sijè + Vèb + Advèb — sabdjekt + vèrb + advèrb — He reads quickly. — Hi ridz kwikli — Li li rapidman.

8. Konpleman dirèk + Advèb — Sijè + Vèb + Konpleman dirèk + Advèb — sabdjekt + vèrb + dayrèkt obdjèkt + advèrb — I read a book quickly. — Ay rid a buk kwikli — Mwen li yon liv rapidman.

9. Advèb tan — Sijè + Vèb + Advèb tan — sabdjekt + vèrb + taym advèrb — I work today. — Ay wərk tudey — Mwen travay jodi a.

10. Advèb kote — Sijè + Vèb + Advèb kote — sabdjekt + vèrb + pleys advèrb — She lives there. — Shi livz der — Li rete la.

11. Gwoup prepozisyonèl — Sijè + be + Gwoup prepozisyonèl — sabdjekt + bi + prepəzishənal freyz — The book is on the table. — De buk iz on de teybl — Liv la sou tab la.

12. Konpleman dirèk + Kote — Sijè + Vèb + Konpleman dirèk + Gwoup kote — sabdjekt + vèrb + dayrèkt obdjèkt + pleys freyz — I put a book on the table. — Ay put a buk on de teybl — Mwen mete yon liv sou tab la.

13. Detèminan + Non — Detèminan + Non — ditèrminèr + nawn — This book is new. — Dis buk iz nyu — Liv sa a nouvo.

14. Detèminan + Adjektif + Non — Detèminan + Adjektif + Non — ditèrminèr + adjèktiv + nawn — This big book is new. — Dis big buk iz nyu — Gwo liv sa a nouvo.

15. Chif + Non — Chif + Non — nyumerəl + nawn — Two books are new. — Tu buks ar nyu — De liv nouvo.

16. Kowòdinasyon — Sijè + Vèb + and + Sijè + Vèb — sabdjekt + vèrb + and + sabdjekt + vèrb — I read and he writes. — Ay rid and hi rayts — Mwen li epi li ekri.

17. Kowòdinasyon avèk konpleman — Sijè + Vèb + Konpleman dirèk + and + Sijè + Vèb + Konpleman dirèk — sabdjekt + vèrb + dayrèkt obdjèkt + and + sabdjekt + vèrb + dayrèkt obdjèkt — I read a book and he writes a letter. — Ay rid a buk and hi rayts a letèr — Mwen li yon liv epi li ekri yon lèt.

18. Vwa pasif — Sijè + be + twazyèm fòm vèb la — sabdjekt + bi + vi tri — The book is read. — De buk iz red — Yo li liv la.

19. Vwa pasif + Ajan — Sijè + be + twazyèm fòm vèb la + by + Ajan — sabdjekt + bi + vi tri + bay + eydjènt — The book is read by the teacher. — De buk iz red bay de tichèr — Pwofesè a li liv la.

20. Vwa pasif + Konpleman endirèk — Sijè + be + twazyèm fòm vèb la + to + Konpleman endirèk — sabdjekt + bi + vi tri + tou + indayrèkt obdjèkt — The book is given to him. — De buk iz givən tou him — Yo ba li liv la.

21. Vwa pasif + Konpleman endirèk + Ajan — Sijè + be + twazyèm fòm vèb la + to + Konpleman endirèk + by + Ajan — sabdjekt + bi + vi tri + tou + indayrèkt obdjèkt + bay + eydjènt — The book is given to him by the teacher. — De buk iz givən tou him bay de tichèr — Pwofesè a ba li liv la.

22. Vwa pasif + Advèb — Sijè + be + twazyèm fòm vèb la + Advèb — sabdjekt + bi + vi tri + advèrb — The book is read now. — De buk iz red naw — Yo ap li liv la kounye a.

23. Vwa pasif + Kote — Sijè + be + twazyèm fòm vèb la + Kote — sabdjekt + bi + vi tri + lokeyshən — The book is put on the table. — De buk iz put on de teybl — Yo mete liv la sou tab la.

24. Vwa pasif + Ajan + Advèb tan — Sijè + be + twazyèm fòm vèb la + by + Ajan + Advèb tan — sabdjekt + bi + vi tri + bay + eydjènt + taym advèrb — The book is read by the teacher today. — De buk iz red bay de tichèr tudey — Pwofesè a li liv la jodi a.

25. Vwa pasif + Konpleman endirèk + Ajan + Advèb tan — Sijè + be + twazyèm fòm vèb la + to + Konpleman endirèk + by + Ajan + Advèb tan — sabdjekt + bi + vi tri + tou + indayrèkt obdjèkt + bay + eydjènt + taym advèrb — The book is given to the student by the teacher today. — De buk iz givən tou de student bay de tichèr tudey — Pwofesè a bay elèv la liv la jodi a.

26. Vwa pasif nan prezan pafè — Sijè + has/have been + twazyèm fòm vèb la — sabdjekt + haz/hav bin + vi tri — The book has been read. — De buk haz bin red — Yo deja li liv la.

27. Vwa pasif nan prezan pafè + Ajan — Sijè + has/have been + twazyèm fòm vèb la + by + Ajan — sabdjekt + haz/hav bin + vi tri + bay + eydjènt — The book has been read by the teacher. — De buk haz bin red bay de tichèr — Pwofesè a deja li liv la.

28. Vwa pasif nan lavni — Sijè + will be + twazyèm fòm vèb la + Tan — sabdjekt + wil bi + vi tri + taym — The book will be read tomorrow. — De buk wil bi red tumoro — Yo pral li liv la demen.

29. Vwa pasif nan lavni + Ajan — Sijè + will be + twazyèm fòm vèb la + by + Ajan + Tan — sabdjekt + wil bi + vi tri + bay + eydjènt + taym — The book will be read by the teacher tomorrow. — De buk wil bi red bay de tichèr tumoro — Pwofesè a pral li liv la demen.

30. Vwa pasif avèk yon vèb modal — Sijè + Vèb modal + be + twazyèm fòm vèb la — sabdjekt + modèl vèrb + bi + vi tri — The book must be read. — De buk mast bi red — Fòk yo li liv la.

31. Fòm negatif — Sijè + Vèb oksilyè + not + Vèb — sabdjekt + ogzilyèri vèrb + not + vèrb — I do not read a book. — Ay dou not rid a buk — Mwen pa li yon liv.

32. Fòm negatif nan vwa pasif — Sijè + be + not + twazyèm fòm vèb la + by + Ajan — sabdjekt + bi + not + vi tri + bay + eydjènt — The book is not read by the teacher. — De buk iz not red bay de tichèr — Pwofesè a pa li liv la.

33. Kesyon wi/non — Vèb oksilyè + Sijè + Vèb? — ogzilyèri vèrb + sabdjekt + vèrb? — Do you read a book? — Dou yu rid a buk? — Èske ou li yon liv?

34. Kesyon nan vwa pasif — be + Sijè + twazyèm fòm vèb la? — bi + sabdjekt + vi tri? — Is the book being read? — Iz de buk biing red? — Èske y ap li liv la?

35. Kesyon sou sijè a — who + Vèb + Konpleman dirèk? — hou + vèrb + dayrèkt obdjèkt? — Who reads the book? — Hou ridz de buk? — Ki moun ki li liv la?

36. Kesyon sou konpleman endirèk — who/whom + Vèb oksilyè + Sijè + Vèb + Konpleman dirèk + to? — hou/houm + ogzilyèri vèrb + sabdjekt + vèrb + dayrèkt obdjèkt + tou? — Who do you give the book to? — Hou dou yu giv de buk tou? — Bay ki moun ou bay liv la?

37. Fòm enperatif — Vèb + ...! — vèrb + ...! — Read! — Rid! — Li!

38. Enperatif + Konpleman endirèk — Vèb + Konpleman dirèk + to + Konpleman endirèk! — vèrb + dayrèkt obdjèkt + tou + indayrèkt obdjèkt! — Give the book to him! — Giv de buk tou him! — Ba li liv la!

39. Enperatif nan vwa pasif — let + Konpleman dirèk + be + twazyèm fòm vèb la! — let + dayrèkt obdjèkt + bi + vi tri! — Let the book be read! — Let de buk bi red! — Kite yo li liv la!

40. Enfinitif — to + Vèb — tou + vèrb — to read — Tou rid — Li / pou li

41. Enfinitif + Konpleman dirèk — to + Vèb + Konpleman dirèk — tou + vèrb + dayrèkt obdjèkt — to read a book — Tou rid a buk — Li yon liv

42. Enfinitif + Konpleman dirèk espesifik — to + Vèb + Detèminan + Konpleman dirèk — tou + vèrb + ditèrminèr + dayrèkt obdjèkt — to read the book — Tou rid de buk — Li liv la

43. Objektif — Sijè + Vèb + to + Vèb — sabdjekt + vèrb + tou + vèrb — I eat to play. — Ay it tou pley — Mwen manje pou m jwe.

44. Fraz relatif — Non + Mo relatif + Pwopozisyon — nawn + rèlativ wòrd + kloz — The book that I read is interesting. — De buk dat ay rid iz intrèsting — Liv mwen li a enteresan.

45. Fraz relatif nan vwa pasif — Non + Mo relatif + Vwa pasif — nawn + rèlativ wòrd + pasiv voys — The book that is being read by the teacher is interesting. — De buk dat iz biing red bay de tichèr iz intrèsting — Liv pwofesè a ap li a enteresan.

46. Kondisyon — if + Pwopozisyon, Sijè + Vèb — if + kloz, sabdjekt + vèrb — If I have time, I read. — If ay hav taym, ay rid — Si mwen gen tan, mwen li.

47. Kondisyon + Vwa pasif — if + Sijè + be + twazyèm fòm vèb la, Sijè + Vèb — if + sabdjekt + bi + vi tri, sabdjekt + vèrb — If the book is read, he learns. — If de buk iz red, hi lernz — Si yo li liv la, li aprann.

48. Diskou endirèk — Sijè + Vèb + that + Sijè + Vèb — sabdjekt + vèrb + dat + sabdjekt + vèrb — He said that he was reading. — Hi sed dat hi waz riding — Li te di li t ap li.

49. Kesyon endirèk — Sijè + Vèb + if/whether + Sijè + Vèb — sabdjekt + vèrb + if/wèdèr + sabdjekt + vèrb — He asked if I was reading. — Hi askt if ay waz riding — Li te mande si mwen t ap li.

50. Lòd oswa demann endirèk — Sijè + Vèb + Objè + to + Vèb — sabdjekt + vèrb + obdjèkt + tou + vèrb — He asked me to read. — Hi askt mi tou rid — Li te mande m pou m li.

Advèb:

1. Fason (Manner): Advèb fason an vini apre vèb la oswa konpleman an. Sijè + Vèb + Konpleman + Advèb. I read the book quickly. — Ay rid de buk kwikli. — Mwen li liv la rapidman.

2. Kote (Place): Advèb kote a vini apre vèb la oswa konpleman an. Sijè + Vèb + Konpleman + Kote. I read the book at home. — Ay rid de buk at houm. — Mwen li liv la lakay mwen.

3. Tan (Time): Advèb tan an anjeneral vini nan fen fraz la oswa nan kòmansman an. Sijè + Vèb + Konpleman + Tan. I read the book yesterday. — Ay rid de buk yestèrdey. — Mwen te li liv la yè.

4. Frekans (Frequency): Advèb frekans lan anjeneral vini anvan vèb prensipal la. Sijè + Advèb frekans + Vèb. I often read books. — Ay ofən rid buks. — Mwen li liv souvan.

5. Frekans + be: Advèb frekans lan vini apre vèb be a. Sijè + be + Advèb frekans. He is always happy. — Hi iz olweyz hapi. — Li toujou kontan.

6. Frekans + Vèb oksilyè: Advèb frekans lan vini apre premye vèb oksilyè a. Sijè + Vèb oksilyè + Advèb frekans + Vèb. I have never seen it. — Ay hav nevèr sin it. — Mwen pa janm wè sa.

7. Degre (Degree): Advèb degre a vini anvan adjektif oswa advèb li dekri a. Sijè + Advèb degre + Adjektif/Advèb. It is very good. — It iz veri gud. — Li trè bon.

8. Degre + Vèb: Selon advèb la, advèb degre a ka vini anvan oswa apre vèb la. Sijè + Vèb + Advèb. I really like it. — Ay rili layk it. — Mwen renmen sa anpil.

9. Advèb fraz (Sentence adverb): Li ka vini nan kòmansman, nan mitan oswa nan fen fraz la, epi li montre atitid moun k ap pale a anvè tout fraz la. Advèb + Fraz. Fortunately, I won. — Fòrtchənətli, ay won. — Erezman, mwen genyen.

10. Advèb kòmantè (Comment adverb): Li anjeneral vini nan kòmansman fraz la epi li eksprime opinyon oswa kòmantè moun k ap pale a. Advèb + Fraz. Honestly, I don't know. — Onèstli, ay dont no. — Onètman, mwen pa konnen.

11. Advèb koneksyon (Linking adverb): Li anjeneral vini nan kòmansman oswa nan mitan fraz la, epi li konekte de lide oswa de fraz. Fraz + Advèb koneksyon + Fraz. I was tired; however, I worked. — Ay waz tayèrd; hawevèr, ay wòrkt. — Mwen te fatige; sepandan, mwen te travay.

12. Direksyon (Direction): Advèb direksyon an vini apre vèb la oswa konpleman an. Sijè + Vèb + Konpleman + Advèb direksyon. She went outside. — Shi went awtsayد. — Li soti deyò.

13. Frekans espesifik (Definite frequency): Ekspresyon ki montre frekans espesifik ka vini nan kòmansman oswa nan fen fraz la. Ekspresyon tan + Fraz. I go there every day. — Ay go der evri dey. — Mwen ale la chak jou.

14. Dire (Duration): Ekspresyon dire a anjeneral vini nan fen fraz la. Sijè + Vèb + Konpleman + Dire. I studied for two hours. — Ay stadid for tu awərz. — Mwen etidye pandan de zèdtan.

15. Objektif (Purpose): Ekspresyon objektif la anjeneral vini nan fen fraz la epi li esplike rezon aksyon an. Fraz + Objektif. I went there to study. — Ay went der tou stadi. — Mwen te ale la pou m etidye.

KONPLEMAN ENDIRÈK: Indirect Object

# — Kalite — Fòmasyon an an kreyòl ayisyen — Pwononsyasyon fòmasyon an — Egzanp — Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan — Tradiksyon

1. Konpleman endirèk anvan konpleman dirèk — Sijè + Vèb + Konpleman endirèk + Konpleman dirèk — sabdjekt + vèrb + indayrèkt obdjèkt + dayrèkt obdjèkt — I gave him a book. — Ay geyv him a buk — Mwen te ba li yon liv.

2. Konpleman dirèk + to + Konpleman endirèk — Sijè + Vèb + Konpleman dirèk + to + Konpleman endirèk — sabdjekt + vèrb + dayrèkt obdjèkt + tou + indayrèkt obdjèkt — I gave a book to him. — Ay geyv a buk tou him — Mwen te ba li yon liv.

3. Konpleman endirèk anvan konpleman dirèk — Sijè + Vèb + Konpleman endirèk + Konpleman dirèk — sabdjekt + vèrb + indayrèkt obdjèkt + dayrèkt obdjèkt — She sent me a letter. — Shi sent mi a letèr — Li te voye yon lèt ban mwen.

4. Konpleman dirèk + to + Konpleman endirèk — Sijè + Vèb + Konpleman dirèk + to + Konpleman endirèk — sabdjekt + vèrb + dayrèkt obdjèkt + tou + indayrèkt obdjèkt — She sent a letter to me. — Shi sent a letèr tou mi — Li te voye yon lèt ban mwen.

5. Konpleman endirèk anvan konpleman dirèk avèk for — Sijè + Vèb + Konpleman endirèk + Konpleman dirèk — sabdjekt + vèrb + indayrèkt obdjèkt + dayrèkt obdjèkt — I bought her a gift. — Ay bot her a gift — Mwen te achte yon kado pou li.

6. Konpleman dirèk + for + Konpleman endirèk — Sijè + Vèb + Konpleman dirèk + for + Konpleman endirèk — sabdjekt + vèrb + dayrèkt obdjèkt + for + indayrèkt obdjèkt — I bought a gift for her. — Ay bot a gift for her — Mwen te achte yon kado pou li.

7. Konpleman endirèk nan vwa pasif — Konpleman endirèk + be + twazyèm fòm vèb la + Konpleman dirèk — indayrèkt obdjèkt + bi + vi tri + dayrèkt obdjèkt — He was given a book. — Hi waz givən a buk — Yo te ba li yon liv.

8. Konpleman dirèk nan vwa pasif + to + Konpleman endirèk — Konpleman dirèk + be + twazyèm fòm vèb la + to + Konpleman endirèk — dayrèkt obdjèkt + bi + vi tri + tou + indayrèkt obdjèkt — A book was given to him. — A buk waz givən tou him — Yo te ba li yon liv.

9. Kesyon sou konpleman endirèk — Mo entèwogatif + Vèb oksilyè + Sijè + Vèb + Konpleman dirèk + to? — hou + dou/daz/did + sabdjekt + vèrb + dayrèkt obdjèkt + tou? — Who did you give it to? — Hou did yu giv it tou? — Bay ki moun ou te bay sa?

10. Kesyon fòmèl sou konpleman endirèk — To whom + Vèb oksilyè + Sijè + Vèb + Konpleman dirèk? — tou houm + ogzilyèri + sabdjekt + vèrb + dayrèkt obdjèkt? — To whom did you give it? — Tou houm did yu giv it? — Ak ki moun ou te bay sa?

JENITIF: Pwopriyete / Relasyon

# — Kalite — Fòmasyon an an kreyòl ayisyen — Pwononsyasyon fòmasyon an — Egzanp — Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan — Tradiksyon

1. Pwopriyete sengilye — Non + 's + Non — nawn + iz + nawn — John's car — Djonz kar — Machin John nan.

2. Pwopriyete avèk of — Non + of + Non — nawn + ov + nawn — the car of John — de kar ov Djon — Machin John nan.

3. Pwopriyete pliryèl regilye — Non pliryèl + ' + Non — plourəl nawn + əpastrefi + nawn — students' books — stoudənts buks — Liv elèv yo.

4. Pwopriyete pliryèl iregilye — Non + 's + Non — nawn + iz + nawn — children's toys — tchilldrənz toyz — Jwèt timoun yo.

5. Pwopriyete avèk of — Non + of + Non — nawn + ov + nawn — the roof of the house — de ruf ov de hawz — Do kay la.

6. Detèminan posesif — Detèminan posesif + Non — pəzesiv ditèrminèr + nawn — my car — May kar — Machin mwen.

7. Posesyon endepandan — Pwonon posesif endepandan — indipèndènt pəzesiv prounawn — The car is mine. — De kar iz mayn — Machin nan se pou mwen.

8. Posesyon doub — Non + of + Pwonon posesif endepandan — nawn + ov + indipèndènt pəzesiv prounawn — a friend of mine — a frend ov mayn — Youn nan zanmi mwen yo.

9. Pwopriyete ki gen rapò ak tan — Non tan + 's + Non — taym nawn + iz + nawn — today's news — Tudeyz nyuz — Nouvèl jodi a.

10. Kantite semèn — Chif + Inite mezi + ' + Non — nyumerəl + yunit + əpastrefi + nawn — two weeks' vacation — Tu wiks vəkeyshən — Vakans ki dire de semèn.

11. Kesyon sou pwopriyete — whose + Non? — houz + nawn? — Whose book? — Houz buk? — Liv kiyès?

12. Pwopriyete nan yon fraz relatif — whose + Non + Pwopozisyon — houz + nawn + kloz — the man whose car... — De man houz kar... — Mesye ki gen machin nan...

13. Pwopriyete pataje — Premye non + and + Dezyèm non + 's + Non — nawn + and + nawn + iz + nawn — John and Mary's house — Djon and Meriz hawz — Kay John ak Mary pataje a.

14. Pwopriyete separe — Premye non + 's + and + Dezyèm non + 's + Non — nawn + iz + and + nawn + iz + nawn — John's and Mary's houses — Djonz and Meriz hawziz — Kay John yo ak kay Mary yo.

PWOPOZISYON POSESIF ENDEPANDAN

Moun — Detèminan posesif — Pwononsyasyon detèminan posesif la — Pwonon posesif endepandan — Pwononsyasyon pwonon posesif la — Egzanp konplè — Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan — Tradiksyon

I = mwen — my — may — mine — mayn — This book is mine. — Dis buk iz mayn — Liv sa a se pou mwen.

you = ou — your — yor — yours — yorz — This book is yours. — Dis buk iz yorz — Liv sa a se pou ou.

he = li — his — hiz — his — hiz — This book is his. — Dis buk iz hiz — Liv sa a se pou li.

she = li — her — her — hers — herz — This book is hers. — Dis buk iz herz — Liv sa a se pou li.

it = li / sa, pou yon bèt oswa yon bagay — its — its — Pa gen pwonon posesif endepandan ki itilize souvan — — The dog hurt its leg. — De dog hर्ट its leg — Chen an blese janm li.

we = nou — our — awər — ours — awərz — This book is ours. — Dis buk iz awərz — Liv sa a se pou nou.

they = yo — their — der — theirs — derz — This book is theirs. — Dis buk iz derz — Liv sa a se pou yo.

The book is the boy's. = Liv la se pou ti gason an.

The book is for the boy. = Liv la se pou ti gason an.

WAS GOING TO: Te pral / Te gen entansyon

Pwonon — Fòmasyon an an kreyòl ayisyen — Pwononsyasyon fòmasyon an — Egzanp — Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan — Siyifikasyon

I = mwen — Mwen + was going to + Vèb — ay + waz going tou + vèrb — I was going to eat. — Ay waz going tou it — Mwen te pral manje.

you = ou — Ou + were going to + Vèb — yu + wər going tou + vèrb — You were going to eat. — Yu wər going tou it — Ou te pral manje.

he = li — Li + was going to + Vèb — hi + waz going tou + vèrb — He was going to eat. — Hi waz going tou it — Li te pral manje.

she = li — Li + was going to + Vèb — shi + waz going tou + vèrb — She was going to eat. — Shi waz going tou it — Li te pral manje.

it = sa / li pou yon bagay oswa yon bèt — It + was going to + Vèb — it + waz going tou + vèrb — It was going to rain. — It waz going tou reyn — Lapli te pral tonbe.

we = nou — Nou + were going to + Vèb — wi + wər going tou + vèrb — We were going to eat. — Wi wər going tou it — Nou te pral manje.

they = yo — Yo + were going to + Vèb — dey + wər going tou + vèrb — They were going to eat. — Dey wər going tou it — Yo te pral manje.

[Was about to / Were about to] se ekspresyon ki montre yon aksyon te prèt pou fèt.

Was about to = Yon bagay te prèt pou rive.

Was supposed to = Yon moun te sipoze fè yon bagay, men yon bagay te anpeche l oswa yon lòt bagay te rive.

I was supposed to clean up today, but due to the bad weather, I am not. = Mwen te sipoze netwaye jodi a, men akoz move tan an, mwen p ap fè sa.

2- Non (NOUNS)

Konsèp — Fòmasyon an an kreyòl ayisyen — Egzanp — Pwononsyasyon — Tradiksyon

Pliryèl — Non + s — books — buks — Liv yo

Pliryèl — Non + es — boxes — boksiz — Bwat yo

Non sengilye ak atik defini — the + Non — the book — de buk — Liv la

Non pliryèl ak atik defini — the + Non pliryèl — the books — de buks — Liv yo

Non sengilye ak atik endefini — a + Non — a book — a buk — Yon liv

Atik endefini an — an + Non — an apple — an apəl — Yon pòm

Konpleman endirèk — Sijè + Vèb + Moun k ap resevwa a + Bagay la — sabdjekt + vèrb + pèrsòn + obdjèkt — I give him the book. — Ay giv him de buk — Mwen ba li liv la.

Konpleman endirèk avèk to — Sijè + Vèb + Bagay la + to + Moun k ap resevwa a — sabdjekt + vèrb + obdjèkt + tou + pèrsòn — I give the book to him. — Ay giv de buk tou him — Mwen ba li liv la.

Pwopriyete — Non pwopriyetè a + 's + Non bagay la — nawn + iz + nawn — John's car — Djonz kar — Machin John nan.

Pwopriyete pliryèl — Non pwopriyetè pliryèl la + s' + Non bagay la — plourəl nawn + əpastrefi + nawn — the boys' books — de boyz buks — Liv ti gason yo.

Pwopriyete avèk of — Non bagay la + of + Non pwopriyetè a — nawn + ov + nawn — the door of the house — de dor ov de hawz — Pòt kay la.

Fini mo yo — Kisa pou ajoute? — Egzanp — Pwononsyasyon

Pifò mo — -s — book → books — buk → buks

s — -es — bus → buses — bas → basiz

ss — -es — class → classes — klas → klasiz

sh — -es — dish → dishes — dish → dishiz

ch — -es — watch → watches — watsh → watshiz

x — -es — box → boxes — boks → boksiz

z — -es — quiz → quizzes — kwiz → kwiziz

Konsòn + y — -ies — baby → babies — bebi → bebiz

Vwayèl + y — -s — boy → boys — boy → boyz

Kèk mo ki fini an f/fe — -ves — knife → knives — nayf → nayvz

Kèk mo ki fini an f/fe — -s — roof → roofs — ruf → rufs

Nan kèk ka, non an ka pran yon fòm pliryèl iregilye; se poutèt sa, li enpòtan pou aprann fòm pliryèl chak non.

KONPLEMAN ENDIRÈK

Gen twa fason prensipal pou mete yon konpleman endirèk nan yon fraz anglè:

1- sabdjekt + vèrb + indayrèkt obdjèkt + dayrèkt obdjèkt

I give a boy a book. = Mwen bay yon ti gason yon liv.

2- sabdjekt + vèrb + dayrèkt obdjèkt + tou + indayrèkt obdjèkt

I give a book to a boy. = Mwen bay yon ti gason yon liv.

3- sabdjekt + vèrb + tou + indayrèkt obdjèkt + dayrèkt obdjèkt

I give to a boy a book. = Mwen bay yon ti gason yon liv.

Fason sa a sonnen dwòl nan anglè modèn; yo itilize premye ak dezyèm fason yo pi souvan.

JENITIF: Pwopriyete

Gen de fason prensipal pou eksprime pwopriyete nan anglè:

1- owənz + pəzeshen

The boy's book = Liv ti gason an.

2- pəzeshen + ov + owən

The book of the boy = Liv ti gason an.

3- Adjektif (ADJECTIVES)

Kalite an kreyòl ayisyen Fòmil an kreyòl ayisyen Pwononsyasyon fòmil la an kreyòl ayisyen Egzanp Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan an kreyòl ayisyen Siyifikasyon

Adjektif deskriptif Adjektif + non Adjektif + non a beautiful house À byoutifoul haous yon bèl kay

Adjektif kantite Kantite + non Kontiti + non many books Menni bouks anpil liv

Adjektif nimeral Nimewo + non Nimero + non three books Tri bouks twa liv

Adjektif demonstratif this/that/these/those + non Dis/dat/diz/doz + non this book Dis bouk liv sa a

Adjektif posesif my/your/his/her/its/our/their + non May/yor/hiz/her/its/awouèr/der + non my car May kar machin mwen

Adjektif entèwogatif which/what/whose + non Wich/wat/houz + non which book? Wich bouk? ki liv?

Adjektif endefini Mo endefini + non Endefinit word + non some books Sòm bouks kèk liv

Adjektif distribitif each/every/either/neither + non Itch/evri/ayder/nayder + non each student Itch stoudent chak elèv

Adjektif ki soti nan non pwòp Non pwòp → adjektif Proper noun → adjective English language Inglish lengwidj lang anglè

Adjektif konpoze Mo + mo Wèrd + wèrd a well-known actor À wèl-nown aktè yon aktè ki byen koni

Adjektif ki soti nan patisip prezan/pase V-ing / V-ed Vi-ing / Vi-ed a boring movie À boring mouvi yon fim annuiyan

Adjektif konparatif Adjektif + er / more + adjektif Adjektif + èr / mor + adjektif bigger house Bigè haous yon kay ki pi gwo

Adjektif sipèlatif Adjektif + est / most + adjektif Adjektif + èst / mòst + adjektif the biggest house De bigèst haous pi gwo kay la

Adjektif kowòdone Adjektif + vigil + adjektif + non Adjektif + koma + adjektif + non a long, difficult journey À long, difikèlt djèni yon vwayaj long e difisil

Adjektif ki vini anvan non an Adjektif + non Adjektif + non a red car À red kar yon machin wouj

Adjektif predikatif Sijè + be + adjektif Sibjekt + bi + adjektif The car is red. De kar iz red. Machin nan wouj.

Adjektif ki vini apre non an Non + adjektif Non + adjektif something interesting Sòmting entèrèsting yon bagay ki enteresan

Adjektif endepandan Adjektif Adjektif perfect Pèrfèkt pafè / ideyal

Adjektif ki mete aksan Adjektif + non Adjektif + non my own car May own kar machin pa m nan

Adjektif esklamatif what + adjektif + non Wat + adjektif + non What a beautiful day! Wat à byoutifoul dey! Ala yon bèl jounen!

1. Prezans senp — Present Simple

Fòmil: Sijè + am/is/are + konpleman

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: Sibjekt + am/iz/ar + komplimant

Pwonon Fòmil Egzanp Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Siyifikasyon

I I am I am happy. Ay am hapi Mwen kontan.

You You are You are happy. You ar hapi Ou kontan.

He He is He is happy. Hi iz hapi Li kontan.

She She is She is happy. Shi iz hapi Li kontan.

It It is It is cold. It iz kold Li fè frèt.

We We are We are happy. Wi ar hapi Nou kontan.

You You are You are happy. You ar hapi Nou kontan.

They They are They are happy. Dei ar hapi Yo kontan.

2. Pase senp — Past Simple

Fòmil: Sijè + was/were + konpleman

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: Sibjekt + wòz/wèr + komplimant

Pwonon Fòmil Egzanp Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Siyifikasyon

I I was I was happy. Ay wòz hapi Mwen te kontan.

You You were You were happy. You wèr hapi Ou te kontan.

He He was He was happy. Hi wòz hapi Li te kontan.

She She was She was happy. Shi wòz hapi Li te kontan.

It It was It was cold. It wòz kold Li te fè frèt.

We We were We were happy. Wi wèr hapi Nou te kontan.

You You were You were happy. You wèr hapi Nou te kontan.

They They were They were happy. Dei wèr hapi Yo te kontan.

3. Fiti senp — Future Simple

Fòmil: Sijè + will be + konpleman

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: Sibjekt + wil bi + komplimant

Pwonon Fòmil Egzanp Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Siyifikasyon

I I will be I will be happy. Ay wil bi hapi Mwen pral kontan.

You You will be You will be happy. You wil bi hapi Ou pral kontan.

He He will be He will be happy. Hi wil bi hapi Li pral kontan.

She She will be She will be happy. Shi wil bi hapi Li pral kontan.

It It will be It will be cold. It wil bi kold Li pral fè frèt.

We We will be We will be happy. Wi wil bi hapi Nou pral kontan.

You You will be You will be happy. You wil bi hapi Nou pral kontan.

They They will be They will be happy. Dei wil bi hapi Yo pral kontan.

4. Prezans kontinyèl — Present Continuous

Fòmil: Sijè + am/is/are being + konpleman

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: Sibjekt + am/iz/ar bi-ing + komplimant

Pwonon Fòmil Egzanp Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Siyifikasyon

I I am being I am being careful. Ay am bi-ing kèrfoul Mwen ap aji avèk prekosyon.

You You are being You are being careful. You ar bi-ing kèrfoul Ou ap aji avèk prekosyon.

He He is being He is being careful. Hi iz bi-ing kèrfoul Li ap aji avèk prekosyon.

She She is being She is being careful. Shi iz bi-ing kèrfoul Li ap aji avèk prekosyon.

It It is being It is being repaired. It iz bi-ing ripèrd Y ap repare li.

We We are being We are being careful. Wi ar bi-ing kèrfoul N ap aji avèk prekosyon.

You You are being You are being careful. You ar bi-ing kèrfoul N ap aji avèk prekosyon.

They They are being They are being careful. Dei ar bi-ing kèrfoul Y ap aji avèk prekosyon.

5. Pase kontinyèl — Past Continuous

Fòmil: Sijè + was/were being + konpleman

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: Sibjekt + wòz/wèr bi-ing + komplimant

Pwonon Fòmil Egzanp Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Siyifikasyon

I I was being I was being careful. Ay wòz bi-ing kèrfoul Mwen t ap aji avèk prekosyon.

You You were being You were being careful. You wèr bi-ing kèrfoul Ou t ap aji avèk prekosyon.

He He was being He was being careful. Hi wòz bi-ing kèrfoul Li t ap aji avèk prekosyon.

She She was being She was being careful. Shi wòz bi-ing kèrfoul Li t ap aji avèk prekosyon.

It It was being It was being repaired. It wòz bi-ing ripèrd Yo t ap repare li.

We We were being We were being careful. Wi wèr bi-ing kèrfoul Nou t ap aji avèk prekosyon.

You You were being You were being careful. You wèr bi-ing kèrfoul Nou t ap aji avèk prekosyon.

They They were being They were being careful. Dei wèr bi-ing kèrfoul Yo t ap aji avèk prekosyon.

6. Fiti kontinyèl — Future Continuous

Fòmil: Sijè + will be being + konpleman

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: Sibjekt + wil bi bi-ing + komplimant

Pwonon Egzanp Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Siyifikasyon

I I will be being careful. Ay wil bi bi-ing kèrfoul M ap kontinye aji avèk prekosyon.

You You will be being careful. You wil bi bi-ing kèrfoul Ou pral kontinye aji avèk prekosyon.

He He will be being careful. Hi wil bi bi-ing kèrfoul Li pral kontinye aji avèk prekosyon.

She She will be being careful. Shi wil bi bi-ing kèrfoul Li pral kontinye aji avèk prekosyon.

It It will be being repaired. It wil bi bi-ing ripèrd Y ap kontinye repare li.

We We will be being careful. Wi wil bi bi-ing kèrfoul N ap kontinye aji avèk prekosyon.

You You will be being careful. You wil bi bi-ing kèrfoul N ap kontinye aji avèk prekosyon.

They They will be being careful. Dei wil bi bi-ing kèrfoul Yo pral kontinye aji avèk prekosyon.

Tan sa a kòrèk nan gramè, men li ra anpil nan anglè natirèl.

7. Pase konpoze prezan — Present Perfect

Fòmil: Sijè + have/has been + konpleman

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: Sibjekt + hav/haz bin + komplimant

Pwonon Egzanp Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Siyifikasyon

I I have been happy. Ay hav bin hapi Mwen te kontan.

You You have been happy. You hav bin hapi Ou te kontan.

He He has been happy. Hi haz bin hapi Li te kontan.

She She has been happy. Shi haz bin hapi Li te kontan.

It It has been cold. It haz bin kold Li fè frèt.

We We have been happy. Wi hav bin hapi Nou te kontan.

You You have been happy. You hav bin hapi Nou te kontan.

They They have been happy. Dei hav bin hapi Yo te kontan.

8. Pase konpoze pase — Past Perfect

Fòmil: Sijè + had been + konpleman

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: Sibjekt + had bin + komplimant

Pwonon Egzanp Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Siyifikasyon

I I had been happy. Ay had bin hapi Mwen te deja kontan.

You You had been happy. You had bin hapi Ou te deja kontan.

He He had been happy. Hi had bin hapi Li te deja kontan.

She She had been happy. Shi had bin hapi Li te deja kontan.

It It had been cold. It had bin kold Li te deja fè frèt.

We We had been happy. Wi had bin hapi Nou te deja kontan.

You You had been happy. You had bin hapi Nou te deja kontan.

They They had been happy. Dei had bin hapi Yo te deja kontan.

9. Fiti konpoze — Future Perfect

Fòmil: Sijè + will have been + konpleman

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: Sibjekt + wil hav bin + komplimant

Pwonon Egzanp Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Siyifikasyon

I I will have been happy. Ay wil hav bin hapi M ap deja kontan.

You You will have been happy. You wil hav bin hapi Ou pral deja kontan.

He He will have been happy. Hi wil hav bin hapi Li pral deja kontan.

She She will have been happy. Shi wil hav bin hapi Li pral deja kontan.

It It will have been cold. It wil hav bin kold Li pral deja fè frèt.

We We will have been happy. Wi wil hav bin hapi Nou pral deja kontan.

You You will have been happy. You wil hav bin hapi Nou pral deja kontan.

They They will have been happy. Dei wil hav bin hapi Yo pral deja kontan.

10. Pase konpoze prezan kontinyèl — Present Perfect Continuous

Fòmil: Sijè + have/has been being + konpleman

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: Sibjekt + hav/haz bin bi-ing + komplimant

Pwonon Egzanp Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Siyifikasyon

I I have been being careful. Ay hav bin bi-ing kèrfoul Mwen te kontinye aji avèk prekosyon.

You You have been being careful. You hav bin bi-ing kèrfoul Ou te kontinye aji avèk prekosyon.

He He has been being careful. Hi haz bin bi-ing kèrfoul Li te kontinye aji avèk prekosyon.

She She has been being careful. Shi haz bin bi-ing kèrfoul Li te kontinye aji avèk prekosyon.

It It has been being repaired. It haz bin bi-ing ripèrd Yo te kontinye repare li.

We We have been being careful. Wi hav bin bi-ing kèrfoul Nou te kontinye aji avèk prekosyon.

You You have been being careful. You hav bin bi-ing kèrfoul Nou te kontinye aji avèk prekosyon.

They They have been being careful. Dei hav bin bi-ing kèrfoul Yo te kontinye aji avèk prekosyon.

11. Pase konpoze pase kontinyèl — Past Perfect Continuous

Fòmil: Sijè + had been being + konpleman

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: Sibjekt + had bin bi-ing + komplimant

Pwonon Egzanp Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Siyifikasyon

I I had been being careful. Ay had bin bi-ing kèrfoul Mwen te deja ap aji avèk prekosyon.

You You had been being careful. You had bin bi-ing kèrfoul Ou te deja ap aji avèk prekosyon.

He He had been being careful. Hi had bin bi-ing kèrfoul Li te deja ap aji avèk prekosyon.

She She had been being careful. Shi had bin bi-ing kèrfoul Li te deja ap aji avèk prekosyon.

It It had been being repaired. It had bin bi-ing ripèrd Yo te deja ap repare li.

We We had been being careful. Wi had bin bi-ing kèrfoul Nou te deja ap aji avèk prekosyon.

You You had been being careful. You had bin bi-ing kèrfoul Nou te deja ap aji avèk prekosyon.

They They had been being careful. Dei had bin bi-ing kèrfoul Yo te deja ap aji avèk prekosyon.

12. Fiti konpoze kontinyèl — Future Perfect Continuous

Fòmil: Sijè + will have been being + konpleman

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: Sibjekt + wil hav bin bi-ing + komplimant

Pwonon Egzanp Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Siyifikasyon

I I will have been being careful. Ay wil hav bin bi-ing kèrfoul M ap kontinye ap aji avèk prekosyon jiska moman sa a nan lavni.

You You will have been being careful. You wil hav bin bi-ing kèrfoul Ou pral kontinye ap aji avèk prekosyon jiska moman sa a nan lavni.

He He will have been being careful. Hi wil hav bin bi-ing kèrfoul Li pral kontinye ap aji avèk prekosyon jiska moman sa a nan lavni.

She She will have been being careful. Shi wil hav bin bi-ing kèrfoul Li pral kontinye ap aji avèk prekosyon jiska moman sa a nan lavni.

It It will have been being repaired. It wil hav bin bi-ing ripèrd Y ap kontinye ap repare li jiska moman sa a nan lavni.

We We will have been being careful. Wi wil hav bin bi-ing kèrfoul N ap kontinye ap aji avèk prekosyon jiska moman sa a nan lavni.

You You will have been being careful. You wil hav bin bi-ing kèrfoul N ap kontinye ap aji avèk prekosyon jiska moman sa a nan lavni.

They They will have been being careful. Dei wil hav bin bi-ing kèrfoul Yo pral kontinye ap aji avèk prekosyon jiska moman sa a nan lavni.

4- Pwonon

Pwonon pèsonèl — tout fòm prensipal yo

Ka / sans an arab Konstwiksyon an arab Pwononsyasyon konstwiksyon an an kreyòl Pwonon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

Ka sijè Pwonon sijè pwonon sijè I ay mwen

Ka sijè Pwonon sijè pwonon sijè you you ou / nou

Ka sijè Pwonon sijè pwonon sijè he hi li (gason)

Ka sijè Pwonon sijè pwonon sijè she shi li (fi)

Ka sijè Pwonon sijè pwonon sijè it it li / li (pou bagay oswa bèt)

Ka sijè Pwonon sijè pwonon sijè we wi nou

Ka sijè Pwonon sijè pwonon sijè they zey yo

Egzanp

Pwonon Egzanp Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I read. ay rid Mwen li.

you You work. you wòk Ou travay. / Nou travay.

he He sleeps. hi slips Li dòmi.

she She cooks. shi kouks Li fè manje.

it It works. it wòks Li mache.

we We study. wi stadi Nou etidye.

they They live here. zey liv hir Yo rete isit la.

2. Ka objè — objè dirèk ak objè endirèk

Nou itilize pwonon objè lè yon moun oswa yon bagay resevwa aksyon an dirèkteman oswa endirèkteman.

Sans an arab Konstwiksyon an arab Pwononsyasyon konstwiksyon an an kreyòl Pwonon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

Ka objè Pwonon objè pwonon objè me mi mwen / pou mwen

Ka objè Pwonon objè pwonon objè you you ou / nou

Ka objè Pwonon objè pwonon objè him him li / pou li (gason)

Ka objè Pwonon objè pwonon objè her hèr li / pou li (fi)

Ka objè Pwonon objè pwonon objè it it li / pou li (bagay oswa bèt)

Ka objè Pwonon objè pwonon objè us as nou / pou nou

Ka objè Pwonon objè pwonon objè them zèm yo / pou yo

Egzanp

Egzanp Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

She called me. shi kòl mi Li rele m.

I saw you. ay sò you Mwen te wè ou / nou.

We helped him. wi hèlpt him Nou te ede li.

I know her. ay no hèr Mwen konnen li.

I bought it. ay bòt it Mwen te achte li.

He invited us. hi envaytid as Li te envite nou.

She called them. shi kòl zèm Li te rele yo.

3. Pwonon posesif ki vini anvan yon non

Yo rele sa yo adjektif posesif. Yo vini anvan non y ap detèmine.

Sans an arab Konstwiksyon an arab Pwononsyasyon konstwiksyon an an kreyòl Pwonon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

Posesyon my + noun may + naoun my may mwen / pa mwen

Posesyon your + noun yòr + naoun your yòr ou / nou

Posesyon his + noun hiz + naoun his hiz li / pa li (gason)

Posesyon her + noun hèr + naoun her hèr li / pa li (fi)

Posesyon its + noun its + naoun its its li / pa li (bagay oswa bèt)

Posesyon our + noun aour + naoun our aour nou / pa nou

Posesyon their + noun dèr + naoun their dèr yo / pa yo

Egzanp

Egzanp Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

My book is new. may bouk iz nyou Liv mwen an nouvo.

Your car is fast. yòr kar iz fast Machin ou an rapid.

His house is big. hiz haous iz big Lakay li a gwo.

Her phone is new. hèr fon iz nyou Telefòn li an nouvo.

Its color is beautiful. its kòlò iz byoutifoul Koulè li bèl.

Our teacher is nice. aour titshè iz nays Pwofesè nou an janti.

Their house is large. dèr haous iz lardj Lakay yo a gwo.

4. Pwonon posesif endepandan

Pwonon sa yo ranplase yon non posesif; yo pa bezwen yon non apre yo.

Sans an arab Konstwiksyon an arab Pwononsyasyon konstwiksyon an an kreyòl Pwonon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

Posesif endepandan mine mayn mine mayn pa mwen / pou mwen

Posesif endepandan yours yòrz yours yòrz pa ou / pa nou

Posesif endepandan his hiz his hiz pa li (gason)

Posesif endepandan hers hèrz hers hèrz pa li (fi)

Posesif endepandan ours aourz ours aourz pa nou

Posesif endepandan theirs dèrz theirs dèrz pa yo

Nòt: An jeneral, pa gen yon pwonon posesif endepandan ki itilize souvan pou it.

Egzanp

Egzanp Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

This book is mine. dis bouk iz mayn Liv sa a se pou mwen.

The car is yours. dè kar iz yòrz Machin nan se pou ou.

The house is his. dè haous iz hiz Lakay la se pou li.

The bag is hers. dè bag iz hèrz Sak la se pou li.

The room is ours. dè roum iz aourz Chanm nan se pou nou.

The books are theirs. dè bouks ar dèrz Liv yo se pou yo.

5. Pwonon reflechi

Nou itilize pwonon reflechi lè sijè a fè aksyon an sou tèt li.

Sans an arab Konstwiksyon an arab Pwononsyasyon konstwiksyon an an kreyòl Pwonon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

Reflechi my + self may + sèlf myself may-sèl f tèt mwen

Reflechi your + self yòr + sèlf yourself yòr-sèl f tèt ou

Reflechi him + self him + sèlf himself him-sèl f tèt li (gason)

Reflechi her + self hèr + sèlf herself hèr-sèl f tèt li (fi)

Reflechi it + self it + sèlf itself it-sèl f tèt li (bagay oswa bèt)

Reflechi our + selves aour + sèlvz ourselves aour-sèlvz tèt nou

Reflechi your + selves yòr + sèlvz yourselves yòr-sèlvz tèt nou

Reflechi them + selves zèm + sèlvz themselves zèm-sèlvz tèt yo

Egzanp

Egzanp Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I hurt myself. ay hèt may-sèlf Mwen fè tèt mwen mal.

You did it yourself. you did it yòr-sèlf Ou te fè sa poukont ou.

He introduced himself. hi entwodousd him-sèlf Li te prezante tèt li.

She taught herself English. shi tot hèr-sèlf inglish Li te aprann anglè poukont li.

The machine turned itself off. dè machin tènd itsèlf òf Machin nan te etenn poukont li.

We enjoyed ourselves. wi endjoyd aour-sèlvz Nou te pase yon bon moman.

They introduced themselves. zey entwodousd zèm-sèlvz Yo te prezante tèt yo.

6. Pwonon demonstratif

Sans an arab Konstwiksyon an arab Pwononsyasyon konstwiksyon an an kreyòl Pwonon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

Demonstratif pou yon bagay ki toupre this dis this dis sa a

Demonstratif pou yon bagay ki lwen that dat that dat sa a / sila a

Demonstratif pliryèl pou bagay ki toupre these diz these diz sa yo

Demonstratif pliryèl pou bagay ki lwen those doz those doz sa yo / sila yo

Egzanp

This is my book.

dis iz may bouk.

Sa a se liv mwen.

That is your car.

dat iz yòr kar.

Sa a se machin ou.

These are my shoes.

diz ar may shouz.

Sa yo se soulye mwen.

Those are their houses.

doz ar dèr haousiz.

Sa yo se kay pa yo.

7. Pwonon entèwogatif

Sans an arab Konstwiksyon an arab Pwononsyasyon konstwiksyon an an kreyòl Pwonon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

Kesyon sou yon moun who hou who hou kiyès?

Kesyon sou objè yon aksyon whom houm whom houm kiyès? / kiyès aksyon an fèt sou li?

Kesyon sou posesyon whose houz whose houz akiyès? / kiyès ki posede sa?

Kesyon sou bagay oswa chwa what wat what wat kisa? / ki sa?

Kesyon sou chwa which wich which wich kiyès? / kilès?

Egzanp

Who called you?

hou kòl d you?

Kiyès ki te rele ou?

Whom did you see?

houm did you si?

Kiyès ou te wè?

Whose is this?

houz iz dis?

Sa a se pou kiyès?

What happened?

wat hapènd?

Kisa ki te pase?

Which is yours?

wich iz yòrz?

Kiyès ki pou ou?

8. Pwonon relatif

Sans an arab Konstwiksyon an arab Pwononsyasyon konstwiksyon an an kreyòl Pwonon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

Relatif pou moun who hou who hou ki / moun ki

Relatif kòm objè pou moun whom houm whom houm ki / moun yo fè aksyon an sou li

Relatif pou posesyon whose houz whose houz ki / moun ki posede

Relatif pou bagay which wich which wich ki / bagay ki

Relatif pou moun oswa bagay that dat that dat ki / sa ki

Egzanp

The man who works here is my brother.

dè man hou wòks hir iz may bradè.

Mesye ki travay isit la se frè mwen.

The book which I bought is interesting.

dè bouk wich ay bòt iz intrèsting.

Liv mwen te achte a enteresan.

The girl whose car was stolen called the police.

dè gèrl houz kar wòz stòlèn kòl d dè polis.

Ti fi ki te pèdi machin li a rele lapolis.

9. Pwonon endefini

Pwonon sa yo refere ak moun oswa bagay san yo pa presize kiyès oswa kisa egzakteman.

Sans an arab Pwonon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

Moun endefini someone sòm-wan yon moun

Moun endefini somebody sòm-badi yon moun

Moun endefini nan fraz negatif oswa kesyon anyone eni-wan nenpòt moun / yon moun

Moun endefini nan fraz negatif oswa kesyon anybody eni-badi nenpòt moun / yon moun

Pa gen moun no one no-wan pèsonn

Pa gen moun nobody no-badi pèsonn

Tout moun everyone evri-wan tout moun

Tout moun everybody evri-badi tout moun

Yon bagay something sòm-thing yon bagay

Nenpòt bagay anything eni-thing nan nenpòt bagay / anyen

Pa gen anyen nothing nò-thing anyen

Tout bagay everything evri-thing tout bagay

5- Tan vèb yo

1. Prezant senp

Itilizasyon: abitid, verite jeneral ak aksyon ki fèt regilyèman.

Fòmil: Sijè + V1 + ...

Pwonon Fraz Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I work. ay wòk Mwen travay.

you You work. you wòk Ou travay.

he He works. hi wòks Li travay.

she She works. shi wòks Li travay.

it It works. it wòks Li mache.

we We work. wi wòk Nou travay.

you You work. you wòk Nou travay.

they They work. zey wòk Yo travay.

Avèk he / she / it, anjeneral nou ajoute -s nan fen vèb la.

2. Pase senp

Itilizasyon: aksyon ki te fèt epi ki te fini nan tan pase.

Fòmil: Sijè + V2 + ...

Pwonon Fraz Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I worked. ay wòrkt Mwen te travay.

you You worked. you wòrkt Ou te travay.

he He worked. hi wòrkt Li te travay.

she She worked. shi wòrkt Li te travay.

it It worked. it wòrkt Li te mache.

we We worked. wi wòrkt Nou te travay.

you You worked. you wòrkt Nou te travay.

they They worked. zey wòrkt Yo te travay.

3. Fiti senp

Itilizasyon: aksyon ki pral fèt nan lavni.

Fòmil: Sijè + will + V1

Pwonon Fraz Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I will work. ay wil wòk Mwen pral travay.

you You will work. you wil wòk Ou pral travay.

he He will work. hi wil wòk Li pral travay.

she She will work. shi wil wòk Li pral travay.

it It will work. it wil wòk Li pral mache.

we We will work. wi wil wòk Nou pral travay.

you You will work. you wil wòk Nou pral travay.

they They will work. zey wil wòk Yo pral travay.

4. Prezan kontinyèl

Itilizasyon: yon aksyon k ap fèt kounye a oswa pandan peryòd sa a.

Fòmil: Sijè + am/is/are + V-ing

Pwonon Fraz Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I am working. ay am wòking Mwen ap travay.

you You are working. you ar wòking Ou ap travay.

he He is working. hi iz wòking Li ap travay.

she She is working. shi iz wòking Li ap travay.

it It is working. it iz wòking Li ap mache.

we We are working. wi ar wòking Nou ap travay.

you You are working. you ar wòking Nou ap travay.

they They are working. zey ar wòking Yo ap travay.

5. Pase kontinyèl

Itilizasyon: yon aksyon ki t ap fèt nan yon moman espesifik nan tan pase.

Fòmil: Sijè + was/were + V-ing

Pwonon Fraz Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I was working. ay wòz wòking Mwen t ap travay.

you You were working. you wèr wòking Ou t ap travay.

he He was working. hi wòz wòking Li t ap travay.

she She was working. shi wòz wòking Li t ap travay.

it It was working. it wòz wòking Li t ap mache.

we We were working. wi wèr wòking Nou t ap travay.

you You were working. you wèr wòking Nou t ap travay.

they They were working. zey wèr wòking Yo t ap travay.

6. Fiti kontinyèl

Itilizasyon: yon aksyon k ap kontinye nan yon moman espesifik nan lavni.

Fòmil: Sijè + will be + V-ing

Pwonon Fraz Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I will be working. ay wil bi wòking M ap travay nan moman sa a nan lavni.

you You will be working. you wil bi wòking Ou pral ap travay.

he He will be working. hi wil bi wòking Li pral ap travay.

she She will be working. shi wil bi wòking Li pral ap travay.

it It will be working. it wil bi wòking Li pral ap mache.

we We will be working. wi wil bi wòking Nou pral ap travay.

you You will be working. you wil bi wòking Nou pral ap travay.

they They will be working. zey wil bi wòking Yo pral ap travay.

7. Prezan pafè

Itilizasyon: yon aksyon ki te fèt nan tan pase epi ki gen yon lyen ak prezan an, san nou pa presize yon lè egzak.

Fòmil: Sijè + have/has + V3

Pwonon Fraz Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I have worked. ay hav wòrkt Mwen te travay deja.

you You have worked. you hav wòrkt Ou te travay deja.

he He has worked. hi haz wòrkt Li te travay deja.

she She has worked. shi haz wòrkt Li te travay deja.

it It has worked. it haz wòrkt Li te mache deja.

we We have worked. wi hav wòrkt Nou te travay deja.

you You have worked. you hav wòrkt Nou te travay deja.

they They have worked. zey hav wòrkt Yo te travay deja.

8. Pase pafè

Itilizasyon: yon aksyon ki te fini anvan yon lòt aksyon oswa yon lòt moman nan tan pase.

Fòmil: Sijè + had + V3

Pwonon Fraz Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I had worked. ay had wòrkt Mwen te fin travay deja.

you You had worked. you had wòrkt Ou te fin travay deja.

he He had worked. hi had wòrkt Li te fin travay deja.

she She had worked. shi had wòrkt Li te fin travay deja.

it It had worked. it had wòrkt Li te fin mache deja.

we We had worked. wi had wòrkt Nou te fin travay deja.

you You had worked. you had wòrkt Nou te fin travay deja.

they They had worked. zey had wòrkt Yo te fin travay deja.

9. Fiti pafè

Itilizasyon: yon aksyon ki pral fini anvan yon moman espesifik nan lavni.

Fòmil: Sijè + will have + V3

Pwonon Fraz Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I will have worked. ay wil hav wòrkt M ap fin travay anvan moman sa a nan lavni.

you You will have worked. you wil hav wòrkt Ou pral fin travay.

he He will have worked. hi wil hav wòrkt Li pral fin travay.

she She will have worked. shi wil hav wòrkt Li pral fin travay.

it It will have worked. it wil hav wòrkt Li pral fin mache.

we We will have worked. wi wil hav wòrkt Nou pral fin travay.

you You will have worked. you wil hav wòrkt Nou pral fin travay.

they They will have worked. zey wil hav wòrkt Yo pral fin travay.

10. Prezan pafè kontinyèl

Itilizasyon: yon aksyon ki te kòmanse nan tan pase, ki kontinye pandan yon peryòd, epi ki toujou ap fèt oswa ki fèk fini.

Fòmil: Sijè + have/has been + V-ing

Pwonon Fraz Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I have been working. ay hav bin wòking Mwen ap travay depi yon bon tan.

you You have been working. you hav bin wòking Ou ap travay depi yon bon tan.

he He has been working. hi haz bin wòking Li ap travay depi yon bon tan.

she She has been working. shi haz bin wòking Li ap travay depi yon bon tan.

it It has been working. it haz bin wòking Li ap mache depi yon bon tan.

we We have been working. wi hav bin wòking Nou ap travay depi yon bon tan.

you You have been working. you hav bin wòking Nou ap travay depi yon bon tan.

they They have been working. zey hav bin wòking Yo ap travay depi yon bon tan.

11. Pase pafè kontinyèl

Itilizasyon: yon aksyon ki te kontinye pandan yon peryòd anvan yon lòt moman nan tan pase.

Fòmil: Sijè + had been + V-ing

Pwonon Fraz Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I had been working. ay had bin wòking Mwen te ap travay depi yon bon tan.

you You had been working. you had bin wòking Ou te ap travay depi yon bon tan.

he He had been working. hi had bin wòking Li te ap travay depi yon bon tan.

she She had been working. shi had bin wòking Li te ap travay depi yon bon tan.

it It had been working. it had bin wòking Li te ap mache depi yon bon tan.

we We had been working. wi had bin wòking Nou te ap travay depi yon bon tan.

you You had been working. you had bin wòking Nou te ap travay depi yon bon tan.

they They had been working. zey had bin wòking Yo te ap travay depi yon bon tan.

12. Fiti pafè kontinyèl

Itilizasyon: yon aksyon ki pral kontinye pandan yon peryòd ki rive jis nan yon moman nan lavni.

Fòmil: Sijè + will have been + V-ing

Pwonon Fraz Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I will have been working. ay wil hav bin wòking M ap gen yon bon tan depi m ap travay lè moman sa a rive.

you You will have been working. you wil hav bin wòking Ou pral gen yon bon tan depi w ap travay.

he He will have been working. hi wil hav bin wòking Li pral gen yon bon tan depi l ap travay.

she She will have been working. shi wil hav bin wòking Li pral gen yon bon tan depi l ap travay.

it It will have been working. it wil hav bin wòking Li pral gen yon bon tan depi l ap mache.

we We will have been working. wi wil hav bin wòking Nou pral gen yon bon tan depi n ap travay.

you You will have been working. you wil hav bin wòking Nou pral gen yon bon tan depi n ap travay.

they They will have been working. zey wil hav bin wòking Yo pral gen yon bon tan depi y ap travay.

6- Tan vèb nan vwa pasif

1. Prezan senp nan vwa pasif

Fòmil: Sijè + am/is/are + V3

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: sabjèkt + am/iz/ar + vi thri

Pwonon Fraz Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I am written about. ay am ritn abawt Yo ekri sou mwen.

you You are written about. you ar ritn abawt Yo ekri sou ou.

he He is written about. hi iz ritn abawt Yo ekri sou li.

she She is written about. shi iz ritn abawt Yo ekri sou li.

it It is written about. it iz ritn abawt Yo ekri sou li (bagay oswa bèt).

we We are written about. wi ar ritn abawt Yo ekri sou nou.

you You are written about. you ar ritn abawt Yo ekri sou nou.

they They are written about. zey ar ritn abawt Yo ekri sou yo.

Yon egzanp ki pi natirèl:

The book is written in English.

dè bouk iz ritn in inglish.

Yo ekri liv la an anglè.

2. Pase senp nan vwa pasif

Fòmil: Sijè + was/were + V3

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: sabjèkt + wòz/wèr + vi thri

Pwonon Fraz Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I was invited. ay wòz envaytid Yo te envite mwen.

you You were invited. you wèr envaytid Yo te envite ou.

he He was invited. hi wòz envaytid Yo te envite li.

she She was invited. shi wòz envaytid Yo te envite li.

it It was invited. it wòz envaytid Yo te envite li (bagay oswa bèt).

we We were invited. wi wèr envaytid Yo te envite nou.

you You were invited. you wèr envaytid Yo te envite nou.

they They were invited. zey wèr envaytid Yo te envite yo.

3. Fiti senp nan vwa pasif

Fòmil: Sijè + will be + V3

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: sabjèkt + wil bi + vi thri

Pwonon Fraz Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I will be invited. ay wil bi envaytid Yo pral envite mwen.

you You will be invited. you wil bi envaytid Yo pral envite ou.

he He will be invited. hi wil bi envaytid Yo pral envite li.

she She will be invited. shi wil bi envaytid Yo pral envite li.

it It will be invited. it wil bi envaytid Yo pral envite li.

we We will be invited. wi wil bi envaytid Yo pral envite nou.

you You will be invited. you wil bi envaytid Yo pral envite nou.

they They will be invited. zey wil bi envaytid Yo pral envite yo.

4. Prezan kontinyèl nan vwa pasif

Fòmil: Sijè + am/is/are being + V3

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: sabjèkt + am/iz/ar bi-ing + vi thri

Pwonon Fraz Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I am being watched. ay am bi-ing wacht Yo ap siveye mwen.

you You are being watched. you ar bi-ing wacht Yo ap siveye ou.

he He is being watched. hi iz bi-ing wacht Yo ap siveye li.

she She is being watched. shi iz bi-ing wacht Yo ap siveye li.

it It is being watched. it iz bi-ing wacht Yo ap siveye li.

we We are being watched. wi ar bi-ing wacht Yo ap siveye nou.

you You are being watched. you ar bi-ing wacht Yo ap siveye nou.

they They are being watched. zey ar bi-ing wacht Yo ap siveye yo.

5. Pase kontinyèl nan vwa pasif

Fòmil: Sijè + was/were being + V3

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: sabjèkt + wòz/wèr bi-ing + vi thri

Pwonon Fraz Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I was being watched. ay wòz bi-ing wacht Yo t ap siveye mwen.

you You were being watched. you wèr bi-ing wacht Yo t ap siveye ou.

he He was being watched. hi wòz bi-ing wacht Yo t ap siveye li.

she She was being watched. shi wòz bi-ing wacht Yo t ap siveye li.

it It was being watched. it wòz bi-ing wacht Yo t ap siveye li.

we We were being watched. wi wèr bi-ing wacht Yo t ap siveye nou.

you You were being watched. you wèr bi-ing wacht Yo t ap siveye nou.

they They were being watched. zey wèr bi-ing wacht Yo t ap siveye yo.

6. Fiti kontinyèl nan vwa pasif

Fòmil: Sijè + will be being + V3

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: sabjèkt + wil bi bi-ing + vi thri

Fòm sa a ra anpil nan anglè modèn.

Pwonon Fraz Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I will be being watched. ay wil bi bi-ing wacht Yo pral kontinye siveye mwen.

you You will be being watched. you wil bi bi-ing wacht Yo pral kontinye siveye ou.

he He will be being watched. hi wil bi bi-ing wacht Yo pral kontinye siveye li.

she She will be being watched. shi wil bi bi-ing wacht Yo pral kontinye siveye li.

it It will be being watched. it wil bi bi-ing wacht Yo pral kontinye siveye li.

we We will be being watched. wi wil bi bi-ing wacht Yo pral kontinye siveye nou.

you You will be being watched. you wil bi bi-ing wacht Yo pral kontinye siveye nou.

they They will be being watched. zey wil bi bi-ing wacht Yo pral kontinye siveye yo.

7. Prezan pafè nan vwa pasif

Fòmil: Sijè + have/has been + V3

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: sabjèkt + hav/haz bin + vi thri

Pwonon Fraz Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I have been invited. ay hav bin envaytid Yo te envite mwen.

you You have been invited. you hav bin envaytid Yo te envite ou.

he He has been invited. hi haz bin envaytid Yo te envite li.

she She has been invited. shi haz bin envaytid Yo te envite li.

it It has been invited. it haz bin envaytid Yo te envite li.

we We have been invited. wi hav bin envaytid Yo te envite nou.

you You have been invited. you hav bin envaytid Yo te envite nou.

they They have been invited. zey hav bin envaytid Yo te envite yo.

8. Pase pafè nan vwa pasif

Fòmil: Sijè + had been + V3

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: sabjèkt + had bin + vi thri

Pwonon Fraz Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I had been invited. ay had bin envaytid Yo te deja envite mwen.

you You had been invited. you had bin envaytid Yo te deja envite ou.

he He had been invited. hi had bin envaytid Yo te deja envite li.

she She had been invited. shi had bin envaytid Yo te deja envite li.

it It had been invited. it had bin envaytid Yo te deja envite li.

we We had been invited. wi had bin envaytid Yo te deja envite nou.

you You had been invited. you had bin envaytid Yo te deja envite nou.

they They had been invited. zey had bin envaytid Yo te deja envite yo.

9. Fiti pafè nan vwa pasif

Fòmil: Sijè + will have been + V3

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: sabjèkt + wil hav bin + vi thri

Pwonon Fraz Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I will have been invited. ay wil hav bin envaytid Yo pral fin envite mwen anvan moman sa a.

you You will have been invited. you wil hav bin envaytid Yo pral fin envite ou anvan moman sa a.

he He will have been invited. hi wil hav bin envaytid Yo pral fin envite li anvan moman sa a.

she She will have been invited. shi wil hav bin envaytid Yo pral fin envite li anvan moman sa a.

it It will have been invited. it wil hav bin envaytid Yo pral fin envite li anvan moman sa a.

we We will have been invited. wi wil hav bin envaytid Yo pral fin envite nou anvan moman sa a.

you You will have been invited. you wil hav bin envaytid Yo pral fin envite nou anvan moman sa a.

they They will have been invited. zey wil hav bin envaytid Yo pral fin envite yo anvan moman sa a.

10. Prezan pafè kontinyèl nan vwa pasif

Fòmil: Sijè + have/has been being + V3

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: sabjèkt + hav/haz bin bi-ing + vi thri

Fòm sa a kòrèk nan kèk kontèks gramatikal, men li ra anpil epi li pa natirèl nan anpil sitiyasyon.

Pwonon Fraz Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I have been being watched. ay hav bin bi-ing wacht Yo kontinye ap siveye mwen jiska kounye a.

you You have been being watched. you hav bin bi-ing wacht Yo kontinye ap siveye ou jiska kounye a.

he He has been being watched. hi haz bin bi-ing wacht Yo kontinye ap siveye li jiska kounye a.

she She has been being watched. shi haz bin bi-ing wacht Yo kontinye ap siveye li jiska kounye a.

it It has been being watched. it haz bin bi-ing wacht Yo kontinye ap siveye li jiska kounye a.

we We have been being watched. wi hav bin bi-ing wacht Yo kontinye ap siveye nou jiska kounye a.

you You have been being watched. you hav bin bi-ing wacht Yo kontinye ap siveye nou jiska kounye a.

they They have been being watched. zey hav bin bi-ing wacht Yo kontinye ap siveye yo jiska kounye a.

11. Pase pafè kontinyèl nan vwa pasif

Fòmil: Sijè + had been being + V3

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: sabjèkt + had bin bi-ing + vi thri

Fòm sa a trè ra.

Pwonon Fraz Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I had been being watched. ay had bin bi-ing wacht Yo te kontinye ap siveye mwen pandan yon peryòd anvan yon lòt moman nan pase.

you You had been being watched. you had bin bi-ing wacht Yo te kontinye ap siveye ou pandan yon peryòd anvan yon lòt moman nan pase.

he He had been being watched. hi had bin bi-ing wacht Yo te kontinye ap siveye li pandan yon peryòd anvan yon lòt moman nan pase.

she She had been being watched. shi had bin bi-ing wacht Yo te kontinye ap siveye li pandan yon peryòd anvan yon lòt moman nan pase.

it It had been being watched. it had bin bi-ing wacht Yo te kontinye ap siveye li pandan yon peryòd anvan yon lòt moman nan pase.

we We had been being watched. wi had bin bi-ing wacht Yo te kontinye ap siveye nou pandan yon peryòd anvan yon lòt moman nan pase.

you You had been being watched. you had bin bi-ing wacht Yo te kontinye ap siveye nou pandan yon peryòd anvan yon lòt moman nan pase.

they They had been being watched. zey had bin bi-ing wacht Yo te kontinye ap siveye yo pandan yon peryòd anvan yon lòt moman nan pase.

12. Fiti pafè kontinyèl nan vwa pasif

Fòmil: Sijè + will have been being + V3

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: sabjèkt + wil hav bin bi-ing + vi thri

Fòm sa a ra anpil.

Pwonon Fraz Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

I I will have been being watched. ay wil hav bin bi-ing wacht Yo pral gen kontinye ap siveye mwen pandan yon peryòd anvan moman sa a nan lavni.

you You will have been being watched. you wil hav bin bi-ing wacht Yo pral gen kontinye ap siveye ou pandan yon peryòd anvan moman sa a nan lavni.

he He will have been being watched. hi wil hav bin bi-ing wacht Yo pral gen kontinye ap siveye li pandan yon peryòd anvan moman sa a nan lavni.

she She will have been being watched. shi wil hav bin bi-ing wacht Yo pral gen kontinye ap siveye li pandan yon peryòd anvan moman sa a nan lavni.

it It will have been being watched. it wil hav bin bi-ing wacht Yo pral gen kontinye ap siveye li pandan yon peryòd anvan moman sa a nan lavni.

we We will have been being watched. wi wil hav bin bi-ing wacht Yo pral gen kontinye ap siveye nou pandan yon peryòd anvan moman sa a nan lavni.

you You will have been being watched. you wil hav bin bi-ing wacht Yo pral gen kontinye ap siveye nou pandan yon peryòd anvan moman sa a nan lavni.

they They will have been being watched. zey wil hav bin bi-ing wacht Yo pral gen kontinye ap siveye yo pandan yon peryòd anvan moman sa a nan lavni.

7- Negasyon

. Prezante senp — Fòm negatif

Fòmil: Sijè + do/does + not + V1

Pwonon Sentans Pwononsyasyon Egzakt tradiksyon

I I do not work. Ay du not wòk Mwen pa travay.

You You do not work. Yu du not wòk Ou pa travay.

He He does not work. Hi daz not wòk Li pa travay.

She She does not work. Shi daz not wòk Li pa travay.

It It does not work. It daz not wòk Li pa fonksyone.

We We do not work. Wii du not wòk Nou pa travay.

They They do not work. Dey du not wòk Yo pa travay.

Kontraksyon:

do not → don't — dont

does not → doesn't — daznt

⚠️ Apre doesn't, sèvi ak V1:

He doesn't work. ✅

He doesn't works. ❌

2. Pase senp — Fòm negatif

Fòmil: Sijè + did + not + V1

Pwonon Sentans Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

I I did not work. Ay did not wòk Mwen pa t travay.

You You did not work. Yu did not wòk Ou pa t travay.

He He did not work. Hi did not wòk Li pa t travay.

She She did not work. Shi did not wòk Li pa t travay.

It It did not work. It did not wòk Li pa t fonksyone.

We We did not work. Wii did not wòk Nou pa t travay.

They They did not work. Dey did not wòk Yo pa t travay.

did not → didn't — didnt

⚠️ Apre didn't, sèvi ak V1:

I didn't work. ✅

I didn't worked. ❌

3. Fiti senp — Fòm negatif

Fòmil: Sijè + will + not + V1

Pwonon Sentans Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

I I will not work. Ay wil not wòk Mwen pap travay.

You You will not work. Yu wil not wòk Ou pap travay.

He He will not work. Hi wil not wòk Li pap travay.

She She will not work. Shi wil not wòk Li pap travay.

It It will not work. It wil not wòk Li pap fonksyone.

We We will not work. Wii wil not wòk Nou pap travay.

They They will not work. Dey wil not wòk Yo pap travay.

will not → won't — wont

Tan kontinyèl

4. Prezante kontinyèl — Fòm negatif

Fòmil: Sijè + am/is/are + not + V-ing

Pwonon Sentans Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

I I am not working. Ay am not wòking Mwen pa ap travay kounye a.

You You are not working. Yu ar not wòking Ou pa ap travay kounye a.

He He is not working. Hi iz not wòking Li pa ap travay kounye a.

She She is not working. Shi iz not wòking Li pa ap travay kounye a.

It It is not working. It iz not wòking Li pa ap fonksyone kounye a.

We We are not working. Wii ar not wòking Nou pa ap travay kounye a.

They They are not working. Dey ar not wòking Yo pa ap travay kounye a.

Kontraksyon:

is not → isn't — iznt

are not → aren't — arnt

am not → I'm not — aym not

5. Pase kontinyèl — Fòm negatif

Fòmil: Sijè + was/were + not + V-ing

Pwonon Sentans Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

I I was not working. Ay woz not wòking Mwen pa t ap travay.

You You were not working. Yu wèr not wòking Ou pa t ap travay.

He He was not working. Hi woz not wòking Li pa t ap travay.

She She was not working. Shi woz not wòking Li pa t ap travay.

It It was not working. It woz not wòking Li pa t ap fonksyone.

We We were not working. Wii wèr not wòking Nou pa t ap travay.

They They were not working. Dey wèr not wòking Yo pa t ap travay.

Kontraksyon:

was not → wasn't — woznt

were not → weren't — wèrnt

6. Fiti kontinyèl — Fòm negatif

Fòmil: Sijè + will + not + be + V-ing

Pwonon Sentans Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

I I will not be working. Ay wil not bi wòking Mwen pap nan travay nan moman sa a nan lavni.

You You will not be working. Yu wil not bi wòking Ou pap nan travay nan moman sa a nan lavni.

He He will not be working. Hi wil not bi wòking Li pap nan travay nan moman sa a nan lavni.

She She will not be working. Shi wil not bi wòking Li pap nan travay nan moman sa a nan lavni.

It It will not be working. It wil not bi wòking Li pap fonksyone nan moman sa a nan lavni.

We We will not be working. Wii wil not bi wòking Nou pap nan travay nan moman sa a nan lavni.

They They will not be working. Dey wil not bi wòking Yo pap nan travay nan moman sa a nan lavni.

Tan pafè

7. Prezante pafè — Fòm negatif

Fòmil: Sijè + have/has + not + V3

Pwonon Sentans Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

I I have not worked. Ay hav not wòkt Mwen poko travay.

You You have not worked. Yu hav not wòkt Ou poko travay.

He He has not worked. Hi haz not wòkt Li poko travay.

She She has not worked. Shi haz not wòkt Li poko travay.

It It has not worked. It haz not wòkt Li poko fonksyone.

We We have not worked. Wii hav not wòkt Nou poko travay.

They They have not worked. Dey hav not wòkt Yo poko travay.

Kontraksyon:

have not → haven't — havnt

has not → hasn't — haznt

8. Pase pafè — Fòm negatif

Fòmil: Sijè + had + not + V3

Pwonon Sentans Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

I I had not worked. Ay had not wòkt Mwen pa t fin travay anvan sa.

You You had not worked. Yu had not wòkt Ou pa t fin travay anvan sa.

He He had not worked. Hi had not wòkt Li pa t fin travay anvan sa.

She She had not worked. Shi had not wòkt Li pa t fin travay anvan sa.

It It had not worked. It had not wòkt Li pa t fin fonksyone anvan sa.

We We had not worked. Wii had not wòkt Nou pa t fin travay anvan sa.

They They had not worked. Dey had not wòkt Yo pa t fin travay anvan sa.

had not → hadn't — hadnt

9. Fiti pafè — Fòm negatif

Fòmil: Sijè + will + not + have + V3

Pwonon Sentans Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

I I will not have worked. Ay wil not hav wòkt Mwen pap fin travay anvan moman sa a nan lavni.

You You will not have worked. Yu wil not hav wòkt Ou pap fin travay anvan moman sa a nan lavni.

He He will not have worked. Hi wil not hav wòkt Li pap fin travay anvan moman sa a nan lavni.

She She will not have worked. Shi wil not hav wòkt Li pap fin travay anvan moman sa a nan lavni.

It It will not have worked. It wil not hav wòkt Li pap fin fonksyone anvan moman sa a nan lavni.

We We will not have worked. Wii wil not hav wòkt Nou pap fin travay anvan moman sa a nan lavni.

They They will not have worked. Dey wil not hav wòkt Yo pap fin travay anvan moman sa a nan lavni.

Tan kontinyèl pafè

10. Prezante pafè kontinyèl — Fòm negatif

Fòmil: Sijè + have/has + not + been + V-ing

Pwonon Sentans Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

I I have not been working. Ay hav not bin wòking Mwen pa ap travay pandan yon peryòd tan.

You You have not been working. Yu hav not bin wòking Ou pa ap travay pandan yon peryòd tan.

He He has not been working. Hi haz not bin wòking Li pa ap travay pandan yon peryòd tan.

She She has not been working. Shi haz not bin wòking Li pa ap travay pandan yon peryòd tan.

It It has not been working. It haz not bin wòking Li pa ap fonksyone pandan yon peryòd tan.

We We have not been working. Wii hav not bin wòking Nou pa ap travay pandan yon peryòd tan.

They They have not been working. Dey hav not bin wòking Yo pa ap travay pandan yon peryòd tan.

11. Pase pafè kontinyèl — Fòm negatif

Fòmil: Sijè + had + not + been + V-ing

Pwonon Sentans Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

I I had not been working. Ay had not bin wòking Mwen pa t ap travay pandan peryòd sa a.

You You had not been working. Yu had not bin wòking Ou pa t ap travay pandan peryòd sa a.

He He had not been working. Hi had not bin wòking Li pa t ap travay pandan peryòd sa a.

She She had not been working. Shi had not bin wòking Li pa t ap travay pandan peryòd sa a.

It It had not been working. It had not bin wòking Li pa t ap fonksyone pandan peryòd sa a.

We We had not been working. Wii had not bin wòking Nou pa t ap travay pandan peryòd sa a.

They They had not been working. Dey had not bin wòking Yo pa t ap travay pandan peryòd sa a.

12. Fiti pafè kontinyèl — Fòm negatif

Fòmil: Sijè + will + not + have + been + V-ing

Pwonon Sentans Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

I I will not have been working. Ay wil not hav bin wòking Mwen pap gen tan ap travay pandan peryòd sa a nan lavni.

You You will not have been working. Yu wil not hav bin wòking Ou pap gen tan ap travay pandan peryòd sa a nan lavni.

He He will not have been working. Hi wil not hav bin wòking Li pap gen tan ap travay pandan peryòd sa a nan lavni.

She She will not have been working. Shi wil not hav bin wòking Li pap gen tan ap travay pandan peryòd sa a nan lavni.

It It will not have been working. It wil not hav bin wòking Li pap gen tan ap fonksyone pandan peryòd sa a nan lavni.

We We will not have been working. Wii wil not hav bin wòking Nou pap gen tan ap travay pandan peryòd sa a nan lavni.

They They will not have been working. Dey wil not hav bin wòking Yo pap gen tan ap travay pandan peryòd sa a nan lavni.

. Vwa pasif nan prezante senp — Fòm negatif

Fòmil

Nan kreyòl: Sijè + am/is/are + not + V3

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: Sijè + am/iz/ar + not + vi tri

Pwonon Egzanp Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

I I am not invited. Ay am not envaytid yo pa envite m.

You You are not invited. Yu ar not envaytid Yo pa envite w.

He He is not invited. Hi iz not envaytid Yo pa envite l.

She She is not invited. Shi iz not envaytid Yo pa envite l.

It It is not used. It iz not yuzd Yo pa sèvi avè l.

We We are not invited. Wii ar not envaytid Yo pa envite nou.

They They are not invited. Dey ar not envaytid Yo pa envite yo.

is not → isn't — iznt

are not → aren't — arnt

2. Vwa pasif nan pase senp — Fòm negatif

Fòmil

Nan kreyòl: Sijè + was/were + not + V3

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: Sijè + woz/wèr + not + vi tri

Pwonon Egzanp Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

I I was not invited. Ay woz not envaytid Yo pa t envite m.

You You were not invited. Yu wèr not envaytid Yo pa t envite w.

He He was not invited. Hi woz not envaytid Yo pa t envite l.

She She was not invited. Shi woz not envaytid Yo pa t envite l.

It It was not used. It woz not yuzd Yo pa t sèvi avè l.

We We were not invited. Wii wèr not envaytid Yo pa t envite nou.

They They were not invited. Dey wèr not envaytid Yo pa t envite yo.

was not → wasn't — woznt

were not → weren't — wèrnt

3. Vwa pasif nan fiti senp — Fòm negatif

Fòmil

Nan kreyòl: Sijè + will + not + be + V3

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: Sijè + wil + not + bi + vi tri

Pwonon Egzanp Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

I I will not be invited. Ay wil not bi envaytid Yo pap envite m.

You You will not be invited. Yu wil not bi envaytid Yo pap envite w.

He He will not be invited. Hi wil not bi envaytid Yo pap envite l.

She She will not be invited. Shi wil not bi envaytid Yo pap envite l.

It It will not be used. It wil not bi yuzd Yo pap sèvi avè l.

We We will not be invited. Wii wil not bi envaytid Yo pap envite nou.

They They will not be invited. Dey wil not bi envaytid Yo pap envite yo.

will not → won't — wont

4. Vwa pasif nan prezante kontinyèl — Fòm negatif

Fòmil

Nan kreyòl: Sijè + am/is/are + not + being + V3

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: Sijè + am/iz/ar + not + bing + vi tri

Pwonon Egzanp Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

I I am not being invited. Ay am not bing envaytid Yo pa ap envite m kounye a.

You You are not being invited. Yu ar not bing envaytid Yo pa ap envite w kounye a.

He He is not being invited. Hi iz not bing envaytid Yo pa ap envite l kounye a.

She She is not being invited. Shi iz not bing envaytid Yo pa ap envite l kounye a.

It It is not being used. It iz not bing yuzd Yo pa ap sèvi avè l kounye a.

We We are not being invited. Wii ar not bing envaytid Yo pa ap envite nou kounye a.

They They are not being invited. Dey ar not bing envaytid Yo pa ap envite yo kounye a.

5. Vwa pasif nan pase kontinyèl — Fòm negatif

Fòmil

Nan kreyòl: Sijè + was/were + not + being + V3

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: Sijè + woz/wèr + not + bing + vi tri

Pwonon Egzanp Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

I I was not being invited. Ay woz not bing envaytid Yo pa t ap envite m nan moman sa a.

You You were not being invited. Yu wèr not bing envaytid Yo pa t ap envite w nan moman sa a.

He He was not being invited. Hi woz not bing envaytid Yo pa t ap envite l nan moman sa a.

She She was not being invited. Shi woz not bing envaytid Yo pa t ap envite l nan moman sa a.

It It was not being used. It woz not bing yuzd Yo pa t ap sèvi avè l nan moman sa a.

We We were not being invited. Wii wèr not bing envaytid Yo pa t ap envite nou nan moman sa a.

They They were not being invited. Dey wèr not bing envaytid Yo pa t ap envite yo nan moman sa a.

6. Vwa pasif nan fiti kontinyèl — Fòm negatif

Fòmil

Nan kreyòl: Sijè + will + not + be + being + V3

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: Sijè + wil + not + bi + bing + vi tri

Pwonon Egzanp Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

I I will not be being invited. Ay wil not bi bing envaytid Yo pap nan pwosesis envite m nan moman sa a nan lavni.

You You will not be being invited. Yu wil not bi bing envaytid Yo pap nan pwosesis envite w nan moman sa a nan lavni.

He He will not be being invited. Hi wil not bi bing envaytid Yo pap nan pwosesis envite l nan moman sa a nan lavni.

She She will not be being invited. Shi wil not bi bing envaytid Yo pap nan pwosesis envite l nan moman sa a nan lavni.

We We will not be being invited. Wii wil not bi bing envaytid Yo pap nan pwosesis envite nou nan moman sa a nan lavni.

They They will not be being invited. Dey wil not bi bing envaytid Yo pap nan pwosesis envite yo nan moman sa a nan lavni.

⚠️ Fòm sa a gramatikalman posib, men li trè ra epi li pa natirèl nan lang angle modèn. Anjeneral, yo sèvi ak yon lòt fason pou di sa.

7. Vwa pasif nan prezante pafè — Fòm negatif

Fòmil

Nan kreyòl: Sijè + have/has + not + been + V3

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: Sijè + hav/haz + not + bin + vi tri

Pwonon Egzanp Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

I I have not been invited. Ay hav not bin envaytid Yo poko envite m.

You You have not been invited. Yu hav not bin envaytid Yo poko envite w.

He He has not been invited. Hi haz not bin envaytid Yo poko envite l.

She She has not been invited. Shi haz not bin envaytid Yo poko envite l.

It It has not been used. It haz not bin yuzd Yo poko sèvi avè l.

We We have not been invited. Wii hav not bin envaytid Yo poko envite nou.

They They have not been invited. Dey hav not bin envaytid Yo poko envite yo.

have not → haven't — havnt

has not → hasn't — haznt

8. Vwa pasif nan pase pafè — Fòm negatif

Fòmil

Nan kreyòl: Sijè + had + not + been + V3

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: Sijè + had + not + bin + vi tri

Pwonon Egzanp Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

I I had not been invited. Ay had not bin envaytid Yo pa t envite m anvan sa.

You You had not been invited. Yu had not bin envaytid Yo pa t envite w anvan sa.

He He had not been invited. Hi had not bin envaytid Yo pa t envite l anvan sa.

She She had not been invited. Shi had not bin envaytid Yo pa t envite l anvan sa.

We We had not been invited. Wii had not bin envaytid Yo pa t envite nou anvan sa.

They They had not been invited. Dey had not bin envaytid Yo pa t envite yo anvan sa.

had not → hadn't — hadnt

9. Vwa pasif nan fiti pafè — Fòm negatif

Fòmil

Nan kreyòl: Sijè + will + not + have + been + V3

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: Sijè + wil + not + hav + bin + vi tri

Pwonon Egzanp Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

I I will not have been invited. Ay wil not hav bin envaytid Yo pap fin envite m anvan moman sa a nan lavni.

You You will not have been invited. Yu wil not hav bin envaytid Yo pap fin envite w anvan moman sa a nan lavni.

He He will not have been invited. Hi wil not hav bin envaytid Yo pap fin envite l anvan moman sa a nan lavni.

She She will not have been invited. Shi wil not hav bin envaytid Yo pap fin envite l anvan moman sa a nan lavni.

We We will not have been invited. Wii wil not hav bin envaytid Yo pap fin envite nou anvan moman sa a nan lavni.

They They will not have been invited. Dey wil not hav bin envaytid Yo pap fin envite yo anvan moman sa a nan lavni.

10. Vwa pasif nan prezante pafè kontinyèl — Fòm negatif

Fòmil

Nan kreyòl: Sijè + have/has + not + been + being + V3

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: Sijè + hav/haz + not + bin + bing + vi tri

Pwonon Egzanp Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

I I have not been being invited. Ay hav not bin bing envaytid Yo pa t ap kontinye envite m.

You You have not been being invited. Yu hav not bin bing envaytid Yo pa t ap kontinye envite w.

He He has not been being invited. Hi haz not bin bing envaytid Yo pa t ap kontinye envite l.

She She has not been being invited. Shi haz not bin bing envaytid Yo pa t ap kontinye envite l.

We We have not been being invited. Wii hav not bin bing envaytid Yo pa t ap kontinye envite nou.

They They have not been being invited. Dey hav not bin bing envaytid Yo pa t ap kontinye envite yo.

⚠️ Fòm sa a trè ra nan lang angle, epi anjeneral yo evite itilize li.

11. Vwa pasif nan pase pafè kontinyèl — Fòm negatif

Fòmil

Nan kreyòl: Sijè + had + not + been + being + V3

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: Sijè + had + not + bin + bing + vi tri

Pwonon Egzanp Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

I I had not been being invited. Ay had not bin bing envaytid Yo pa t ap kontinye envite m anvan moman sa a.

You You had not been being invited. Yu had not bin bing envaytid Yo pa t ap kontinye envite w anvan moman sa a.

He He had not been being invited. Hi had not bin bing envaytid Yo pa t ap kontinye envite l anvan moman sa a.

She She had not been being invited. Shi had not bin bing envaytid Yo pa t ap kontinye envite l anvan moman sa a.

We We had not been being invited. Wii had not bin bing envaytid Yo pa t ap kontinye envite nou anvan moman sa a.

They They had not been being invited. Dey had not bin bing envaytid Yo pa t ap kontinye envite yo anvan moman sa a.

⚠️ Fòm sa a trè ra.

12. Vwa pasif nan fiti pafè kontinyèl — Fòm negatif

Fòmil

Nan kreyòl: Sijè + will + not + have + been + being + V3

Pwononsyasyon fòmil la: Sijè + wil + not + hav + bin + bing + vi tri

Pwonon Egzanp Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

I I will not have been being invited. Ay wil not hav bin bing envaytid Yo pap kontinye envite m jiska moman sa a nan lavni.

You You will not have been being invited. Yu wil not hav bin bing envaytid Yo pap kontinye envite w jiska moman sa a nan lavni.

He He will not have been being invited. Hi wil not hav bin bing envaytid Yo pap kontinye envite l jiska moman sa a nan lavni.

She She will not have been being invited. Shi wil not hav bin bing envaytid Yo pap kontinye envite l jiska moman sa a nan lavni.

We We will not have been being invited. Wii wil not hav bin bing envaytid Yo pap kontinye envite nou jiska moman sa a nan lavni.

They They will not have been being invited. Dey wil not hav bin bing envaytid Yo pap kontinye envite yo jiska moman sa a nan lavni.

⚠️ Fòm sa a ra anpil, epi anjeneral yo itilize yon lòt fason pou eksprime lide a.

no + non

Konsèp an kreyòl Fòmil an kreyòl Pwononsyasyon fòmil la Egzanp Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

Non konte nan sengilye no + non sengilye no + non no book no buk Pa gen liv.

Non konte nan pliryèl no + non pliryèl no + non pliryèl no books no buks Pa gen liv.

Non ki pa konte no + non ki pa konte no + non ki pa konte no water no wòter Pa gen dlo.

Ekzistans yon bagay there is + no + non sengilye oswa non ki pa konte dèr iz + no + non There is no book. Dèr iz no buk Pa gen liv.

Ekzistans plizyè bagay there are + no + non pliryèl dèr ar + no + non pliryèl There are no books. Dèr ar no buks Pa gen liv.

Posesyon have/has + no + non hav/haz + no + non I have no books. Ay hav no buks Mwen pa gen liv.

8- Kesyon

1 Prezan senp Do/Does + sijè + V1...? — Du/Daz + sijè + vi wan? — Do you work? — Du yu wòk? — Èske ou travay?

2 Pase senp Did + sijè + V1...? — Did + sijè + vi wan? — Did you work? — Did yu wòk? — Èske ou te travay?

3 Fiti senp Will + sijè + V1...? — Wil + sijè + vi wan? — Will you work? — Wil yu wòk? — Èske w ap travay nan lavni?

4 Prezan kontinyèl Am/Is/Are + sijè + V-ing...? — Am/Iz/Ar + sijè + vi-ing? — Are you working? — Ar yu wòking? — Èske w ap travay kounye a?

5 Pase kontinyèl Was/Were + sijè + V-ing...? — Woz/Wèr + sijè + vi-ing? — Were you working? — Wèr yu wòking? — Èske ou t ap travay?

6 Fiti kontinyèl Will + sijè + be + V-ing...? — Wil + sijè + bi + vi-ing? — Will you be working? — Wil yu bi wòking? — Èske w ap travay nan moman sa a nan lavni?

7 Prezan pafè Have/Has + sijè + V3...? — Hav/Haz + sijè + vi tri? — Have you worked? — Hav yu wòkt? — Èske ou te travay deja?

8 Pase pafè Had + sijè + V3...? — Had + sijè + vi tri? — Had you worked? — Had yu wòkt? — Èske ou te fin travay anvan sa?

9 Fiti pafè Will + sijè + have + V3...? — Wil + sijè + hav + vi tri? — Will you have worked? — Wil yu hav wòkt? — Èske w ap fin travay anvan moman sa a nan lavni?

10 Prezan pafè kontinyèl Have/Has + sijè + been + V-ing...? — Hav/Haz + sijè + bin + vi-ing? — Have you been working? — Hav yu bin wòking? — Èske ou ap travay depi kèk tan?

11 Pase pafè kontinyèl Had + sijè + been + V-ing...? — Had + sijè + bin + vi-ing? — Had you been working? — Had yu bin wòking? — Èske ou te ap travay pandan yon peryòd tan?

12 Fiti pafè kontinyèl Will + sijè + have + been + V-ing...? — Wil + sijè + hav + bin + vi-ing? — Will you have been working? — Wil yu hav bin wòking? — Èske w ap gen tan ap travay pandan yon peryòd tan anvan moman sa a nan lavni?

Konsèp an kreyòl Fòmil an kreyòl Pwononsyasyon fòmil la ak lèt laten

Kesyon sou yon bagay What + oksilyè + sijè + vèb? Wòt + oksilyè + sijè + vèb?

Kesyon sou moun ki fè aksyon an Who + vèb? Hu + vèb?

Kesyon sou moun ki resevwa aksyon an Who/Whom + oksilyè + sijè + vèb? Hu/Hum + oksilyè + sijè + vèb?

Kesyon sou kote Where + oksilyè + sijè + vèb? Wèr + oksilyè + sijè + vèb?

Kesyon sou lè When + oksilyè + sijè + vèb? Wèn + oksilyè + sijè + vèb?

Kesyon sou rezon Why + oksilyè + sijè + vèb? W ay + oksilyè + sijè + vèb?

Kesyon sou chwa Which + non + oksilyè + sijè + vèb? Wich + non + oksilyè + sijè + vèb?

Kesyon sou posesyon Whose + non +...? Huz + non +...?

Kesyon sou fason How + oksilyè + sijè + vèb? Haw + oksilyè + sijè + vèb?

Kesyon sou kantite bagay ki konte How many + non pliryèl +...? Haw meni + non pliryèl +...?

Kesyon sou kantite bagay ki pa konte How much + non ki pa konte +...? Haw mach + non ki pa konte +...?

Kesyon sou dire How long +...? Haw long +...?

Kesyon sou frekans How often +...? Haw òfèn +...?

Kesyon sou distans How far +...? Haw far +...?

Règ debaz la

Kesyon WH yo anjeneral swiv estrikti sa a:

WH-word + auxiliary + subject + main verb?

Mo WH + oksilyè + sijè + vèb prensipal?

Egzanp:

Where + do + you + live?

Wèr + du + yu + liv?

= Ki kote ou rete?

Men, si mo WH la se sijè a li menm, anjeneral nou pa sèvi ak do/does/did:

Who + works here?

Hu wòks hir?

= Ki moun ki travay isit la?

Men diferans prensipal la:

Who did you see? → Hu did yu sii? → Ki moun ou te wè?

Who saw you? → Hu so yu? → Ki moun ki te wè ou?

8- Advèb

1. Advèb frekans

Kalite an kreyòl ayisyen Gwoupman / fòmasyon Pwononsyasyon fòmasyon an Advèb Pwononsyasyon Tradiksyon

Frekans pèmanan Advèb frekans + fraz advèb of frekans + santans always òlvèz toujou

Frekans prèske pèmanan Advèb frekans + fraz advèb of frekans + santans usually youchwèli anjeneral

Frekans nòmal Advèb frekans + fraz advèb of frekans + santans normally nòrmali nòmalman / natirèlman

Frekans jeneral Advèb frekans + fraz advèb of frekans + santans generally djenèrali an jeneral

Frekans souvan Advèb frekans + fraz advèb of frekans + santans frequently fri kwèntli avèk frekans

Frekans detanzantan Advèb frekans + fraz advèb of frekans + santans often òfèn souvan

Frekans pafwa Advèb frekans + fraz advèb of frekans + santans sometimes sòmtaimz pafwa

Frekans okazyonèl Advèb frekans + fraz advèb of frekans + santans occasionally okèjènali tanzantan

Frekans ra Advèb frekans + fraz advèb of frekans + santans rarely rèèrli raman

Frekans trè ra Advèb frekans + fraz advèb of frekans + santans seldom sèldòm raman

Pa janm Advèb frekans + fraz advèb of frekans + santans never nèvè jamè

Egzanp:

I always study English.

Ay òlvèz stadi inglich.

Mwen toujou etidye anglè.

2. Advèb tan

Kalite an kreyòl ayisyen Fòmasyon Pwononsyasyon fòmasyon an Advèb Pwononsyasyon Tradiksyon

Tan prezan Advèb tan taym advèb now naw kounye a

Tan prezan Advèb tan taym advèb currently kèrèntli kounye a

Tan prezan Advèb tan taym advèb presently prèzèntli kounye a

Tan resan Advèb tan taym advèb recently risèntli dènyèman

Tan pase Advèb tan taym advèb yesterday yèstèrdè yè

Tan pase Advèb tan taym advèb before bifò anvan

Tan pase Advèb tan taym advèb previously priviyèsli anvan sa

Tan pase Advèb tan taym advèb formerly fòrmèrli anvan sa

Tan k ap kontinye Advèb tan taym advèb still stil toujou / ankò

Tan k ap vini Advèb tan taym advèb soon soun talè konsa

Tan k ap vini Advèb tan taym advèb later lèytè pita

Tan k ap vini Advèb tan taym advèb eventually ivènchouli finalman / alafen

Tan bonè Advèb tan taym advèb early èrli bonè

Tan anreta Advèb tan taym advèb late lèyt anreta

Kòmansman Advèb tan taym advèb first fèst premye

Finisman Advèb tan taym advèb finally faynali finalman

Pandanstan Advèb tan taym advèb meanwhile minwayl pandanstan

Nan lòd tan Advèb tan taym advèb then dèn apre sa

Nan lòd tan Advèb tan taym advèb afterward aftewèd apre sa

Nan lòd tan Advèb tan taym advèb afterwards aftewèdz apre sa

Nan lòd tan Advèb tan taym advèb subsequently sèbsikwèntli apre sa / pita

3. Advèb tan ki montre yon aksyon fèt deja oswa ki kontinye

Advèb Pwononsyasyon Tradiksyon

already òlredi deja

yet yèt poko / jiskaprezan

still stil ankò

just djèst fèk / jis (souvan vini anvan vèb la)

ever èvè nenpòt lè / janm

never nèvè jamè

once wans yon fwa

twice twayis de fwa

again agèn ankò

again and again agèn and agèn plizyè fwa / san rete

forever fòrèvè pou tout tan

temporarily tèmpòrèrili pou yon ti tan

permanently pèrmènèntli pou tout tan

Egzanp:

She has already finished.

Chi haz òlredi finichd.

Li deja fini.

4. Advèb kote

Advèb Pwononsyasyon Tradiksyon

here hir isit

there dhèr la

everywhere èvriwèr tout kote

somewhere sòmwèr yon kote

anywhere èniwèr nan nenpòt kote

nowhere nowèr okenn kote

abroad abròd aletranje

overseas òvèsiz aletranje / lòt bò lanmè

nearby nirbay pa lwen

close klòws pre

far far lwen

away awèy lwen

back bak dèyè / tounen

forward fòwèrd devan

backward bakwèrd annaryè

indoors indòrz anndan kay

outdoors awtdòrz deyò

upstairs apsyèrz anwo etaj la

downstairs downsyèrz anba etaj la

inside insayd anndan

outside awtsayd deyò

5. Advèb degre

Advèb sa yo montre nan ki nivo yon adjektif, yon vèb oswa yon lòt advèb aplike.

Advèb Pwononsyasyon Tradiksyon

very vèri trè

really rili vreman / anpil

extremely ikstrimli ekstrèmman

highly hayli nan yon nivo ki wo

absolutely absòloutli nèt / absoliman

completely kòmplitli nèt

totally tòtali nèt

entirely entayèli nèt ale

fully fouli nèt

quite kwayt ase / byen, selon kontèks la

rather radhè yon ti jan / pito

fairly fèèrli ase

pretty priti byen / ase

somewhat sòmwòt yon ti jan

slightly slaytli yon ti kras

a little è litl yon ti kras

too tou twòp

enough inòf ase

almost òlmòst prèske

nearly nirli prèske

barely bèrli apèn

hardly hardli apèn

scarcely skèèrsli apèn

deeply dipli pwofondman / anpil

greatly grèytli anpil / nan yon gwo nivo

so sò tèlman / konsa

such sòtch tèl / konsa

a lot è lòt anpil

a bit è bit yon ti kras

a little bit è litl bit yon ti kras

Egzanp:

The movie is extremely interesting.

Dhe mouviy iz ikstrimli entèrèsting.

Fim nan enteresan anpil.

6. Advèb pwobabilite ak posiblite

Advèb Pwononsyasyon Tradiksyon

certainly sèrtènli sètènman

definitely definitli sètènman

surely chourli sètènman

probably pròbabli pwobableman

possibly pòsibli pètèt

perhaps pèrhèps petèt

maybe mèybi petèt

apparently apèrèntli sanble / dapre sa ki parèt

evidently ev idèntli klèman / jan sa parèt

clearly klirli klèman

obviously òbvièsli aklè / evidamman

presumably prizoumabli pwobableman / dapre sa nou sipoze

supposedly sèpòzidli dapre sa yo di / swadizan

undoubtedly andawtidli san dout

arguably argyoubli jan yo ka diskite sa

likely laykli pwobab

unlikely anlaykli ki pa sanble posib

7. Advèb ki montre atitid moun k ap pale a

Gwoup sa a gen advèb fraz ak advèb atitid. Yo montre opinyon oswa atitid moun k ap pale a sou tout fraz la.

Advèb Pwononsyasyon Tradiksyon

fortunately fòrtchènètli erezman

unfortunately an fòrtchènètli malerezman

luckily lèkili erezman

sadly sadli avèk tristès / malerezman

honestly ònèstli onètman

frankly frankli franchman

personally pèrsònali pèsonèlman

seriously siriyèsli seryezman

technically tèknikali teknikman

basically bèysikali fondamantalman

generally djenèrali an jeneral

normally nòrmali nòmalman

naturally natchèrali natirèlman

ideally aydièli nan yon sitiyasyon ideyal

theoretically thiòrètikali teyorikman

practically praktikali an pratik

politically politikali politikman

economically ikònòmikali ekonomikman

personally pèrsònali pèsonèlman

surprisingly sèrprayzingli yon fason etonan

strangely strèynjli yon fason dwòl

interestingly entèrèstingli sa ki enteresan

importantly impòrtèntli sa ki enpòtan

especially ispèchali sitou

particularly pèrtikyoulèrli patikilyèman

8. Advèb restriksyon

Advèb Pwononsyasyon Tradiksyon

only ònli sèlman

just djèst sèlman / jis

even ivèn menm

also òlso tou

too tou tou

as well az wèl tou

mainly mèynli sitou

mostly mòustli sitou / an majorite

merely mirli senpleman

simply simpli senpleman / sèlman

particularly pèrtikyoulèrli patikilyèman

especially ispèchali sitou

exactly igzaktli egzakteman

precisely prisaysli avèk presizyon / egzakteman

specifically spisifikali espesyalman / presizeman

solely sòwlli sèlman

largely larjdli nan yon gwo mezi

even ivèn menm

indeed indid vre / an reyalite

Egzanp:

Only John knows the answer.

Ònli Djon nòwz dhe ansè.

Se John sèlman ki konnen repons lan.

9. Advèb negasyon

Advèb Pwononsyasyon Tradiksyon

not nòt pa / pa fè

never nèvè jamè

nowhere nowèr okenn kote

hardly hardli apèn

scarcely skèèrsli apèn

barely bèrli apèn

rarely rèèrli raman

seldom sèldòm raman

Nòt enpòtan:

Not se yon mo oswa yon makè ki sèvi pou fòme negasyon.

I do not work.

Ay dou nòt wòk.

Mwen pa travay.

10. Advèb konsekans ak rezilta

Advèb Pwononsyasyon Tradiksyon

therefore dhèrfòr se poutèt sa / kidonk

thus dhas konsa / kidonk

consequently kònsi kwèntli kidonk

accordingly akòrdingli kòmsadwa / se poutèt sa

hence hèns se poutèt sa / donk

otherwise adhèwèyz sinon / otreman

Egzanp:

He was sick; therefore, he stayed home.

Hi wòz sik; dhèrfòr, hi steyd houm.

Li te malad; se poutèt sa li te rete lakay li.

11. Advèb ki montre relasyon oswa adisyon

Advèb Pwononsyasyon Tradiksyon

also òlso tou

too tou tou

additionally adichènali anplis / anplis de sa

moreover mòròvè anplis de sa

furthermore fèrthèrmòr anplis de sa

besides bisaydz anplis

likewise laykwàyz menm jan an

similarly simèrlì menm jan an

12. Advèb konparezon ak resanblans

Advèb Pwononsyasyon Tradiksyon

similarly simèrlì menm jan an

likewise laykwàyz menm jan an

equally ikwali egalman

similarly simèrlì yon fason ki sanble

comparatively kòmparativli an konparezon

relatively rèlativli relativman

correspondingly kòrèspòndingli yon fason ki koresponn

13. Advèb koneksyon ak òganizasyon

Yo sèvi ak advèb sa yo pou konekte lide epi òganize diskou a.

Advèb Pwononsyasyon Tradiksyon

however howèvè sepandan / men

therefore dhèrfòr kidonk

moreover mòròvè anplis de sa

furthermore fèrthèrmòr anplis de sa

nevertheless nèvèdhèlès malgre sa

nonetheless nòn dhèlès malgre sa

meanwhile minwayl pandanstan

instead instèd olye de sa

otherwise adhèwèyz sinon / otreman

consequently kònsi kwèntli kidonk

subsequently sèbsikwèntli apre sa

alternatively òltèrnativli kòm yon lòt opsyon

finally faynali finalman

firstly fèstli an premye

secondly sèkèndli dezyèmman

thirdly thèrdli twazyèmman

next nèkst apre sa

then dhèn apre sa

afterward aftewèd apre sa

14. Advèb kesyon

Yo sèvi ak mo WH sa yo pou poze kesyon sou fason, degre, kantite, frekans ak tan.

Mo Pwononsyasyon Tradiksyon

how haw kijan

when wèn kilè

where wèr kote

why way poukisa

how much haw match konbyen / ki kantite

how many haw mèni konbyen

how often haw òfèn konbyen fwa

how long haw long pandan konbyen tan

how far haw far ki distans

how soon haw soun nan konbyen tan / kilè talè

how well haw wèl nan ki nivo / kijan byen

how quickly haw kwikli ak ki vitès

Egzanp:

How often do you exercise?

Haw òfèn dou you èksèsayz?

Konbyen fwa ou fè egzèsis?

15. Advèb fason

Yo dekri fason yon aksyon fèt.

Advèb Pwononsyasyon Tradiksyon

quickly kwikli rapidman

slowly slòwli dousman

carefully kèrfouli avèk prekosyon

easily izili fasilman

badly badli mal

well wèl byen

clearly klirli aklè

quietly kwayètli an silans / dousman

loudly lawdli byen fò

secretly sikrètli an sekrè

openly òwpènli ouvètman

together tègèdhè ansanm

apart apàrt apa

directly dirèktli dirèkteman

indirectly indirektli endirèkteman

deliberately dilibèritli espre / fè espre

accidentally aksidèntli pa aksidan

carefully kèrfouli avèk atansyon

successfully sèksèsfouli avèk siksè

differently difèrèntli yon lòt fason

16. Advèb prediksyon

Advèb Pwononsyasyon Tradiksyon

hopefully hòpfuli avèk espwa / ann espere

presumably prizoumabli dapre sa nou sipoze

supposedly sèpòzidli swadizan

predictably pridiktabli jan yo te prevwa a

unexpectedly anèkspektidli yon fason sanzatann

inevitably inèvitàbli inevitableman

eventually ivènchouli finalman / alafen

17. Advèb lòd

Advèb Pwononsyasyon Tradiksyon

first fèst an premye

firstly fèstli premye

second sèkènd dezyèm

secondly sèkèndli dezyèmman

third thèrd twazyèm

thirdly thèrdli twazyèmman

next nèkst apre sa

then dhèn apre sa

finally faynali finalman

lastly lastli an dènye

18. Advèb anfaz

Advèb Pwononsyasyon Tradiksyon

certainly sèrtènli sètènman

definitely definitli sètènman

indeed indid vre

really rili vrèman

truly trouli toutbon

absolutely absòloutli nèt / absoliman

actually akchouli an reyalite

literally litèrali literalman

genuinely djenyouinli sensèman / toutbon

clearly klirli aklè

obviously òbvièsli evidamman

surely chourli sètènman

right (vini anvan advèb la) — rayt — egzakteman / byen

19. Advèb klarifikasyon ak eksplikasyon

Advèb Pwononsyasyon Tradiksyon

actually akchouli an reyalite

really rili an verite

rather radhè pito / pi byen

instead instèd olye de sa

specifically spisifikali presizeman

precisely prisaysli avèk presizyon

exactly igzaktli egzakteman

namely nèymli sètadi / an patikilye

simply simpli senpleman

basically bèysikali fondamantalman

20. Advèb apwoksimasyon

Advèb Pwononsyasyon Tradiksyon

almost òlmòst prèske

nearly nirli prèske

approximately apwòksimètli apeprè

roughly rèfli apeprè

about abawt anviwon

around arawnd anviwon

virtually vèrtchouli prèske / pratikman

practically praktikali pratikman / prèske

roughly rèfli apeprè

21. Advèb eksklizyon

Advèb Pwononsyasyon Tradiksyon

only ònli sèlman

merely mirli senpleman

solely sòwlli sèlman / san lòt bagay

exclusively iksklousivli sèlman

otherwise adhèwèyz sinon

apart apàrt apa / san konte

22. Advèb totalite

Advèb Pwononsyasyon Tradiksyon

altogether òltègèdhè nèt / an total

entirely entayèli nèt ale

completely kòmplitli nèt

fully fouli nèt

wholly hòwli nèt / antyèman

universally younivèrsali inivèsèlman / toupatou

23. Advèb fraz ak enfòmasyon

Men kèk lòt advèb fraz:

Advèb Pwononsyasyon Tradiksyon

actually akchouli an reyalite

apparently apèrèntli sanble / dapre sa ki parèt

certainly sèrtènli sètènman

clearly klirli aklè

definitely definitli sètènman

evidently evidèntli evidamman

fortunately fòrtchènètli erezman

frankly frankli franchman

generally djenèrali an jeneral

honestly ònèstli onètman

ideally aydièli nan yon sitiyasyon ideyal

indeed indid vre

naturally natchèrali natirèlman

obviously òbvièsli evidamman

personally pèrsònali pèsonèlman

perhaps pèrhèps petèt

probably pròbabli pwobableman

seriously siriyèsli seryezman

surely chourli sètènman

surprisingly sèrprayzingli yon fason etonan

theoretically thiòrètikali teyorikman

unfortunately an fòrtchènètli malerezman

Kalite an kreyòl ayisyen Fòmasyon Pwononsyasyon fòmasyon an Egzanp Pwononsyasyon Tradiksyon

Fòme yon advèb apati yon adjektif — règ debaz Adjektif + -ly adjèktif + -li quick → quickly kwik → kwikli rapid → rapidman

Adjektif ki fini ak y Retire y + -ily adjèktif mwens way + ili happy → happily hapi → hapili ere → avèk kè kontan

Adjektif ki fini ak -le Retire e + -y adjèktif mwens i + way gentle → gently djentl → djentli dous → dousman

Adjektif ki fini ak -ic Adjektif + -ally adjèktif + ali basic → basically beysik → beysikali debaz → fondamantalman

Kèk adjektif ki fini ak -ic Adjektif + -ally adjèktif + ali dramatic → dramatically dramatik → dramatikali dramatik → yon fason dramatik

Kèk adjektif ki fini ak -ue Adjektif + -ly adjèktif + li true → truly trou → trouli vrè → toutbon

Adjektif ki fini ak -ll Adjektif + -y adjèktif + way full → fully foul → fouli konplè → nèt

Advèb ki pa chanje fòm Menm mo a sèym wòrd fast → fast fast → fast rapid → rapidman

Advèb ki pa chanje fòm Menm mo a sèym wòrd hard → hard hard → hard di / avèk anpil efò → di

Advèb ki pa chanje fòm Menm mo a sèym wòrd late → late leyt → leyt anreta → anreta

Advèb ki pa chanje fòm Menm mo a sèym wòrd early → early èrli → èrli bonè → bonè

Advèb iregilye Fòm espesyal irègyoulè fòrm good → well goud → wèl bon → byen

Advèb ki fòme apati yon non Non + -ward/-wards nawn + wòrd / wòrdz home → homeward houm → houmwèrd lakay → nan direksyon lakay

Advèb ki fòme apati yon non Non + -wise nawn + wayz clock → clockwise klòk → klòkwàyz revèy → nan sans zegwi revèy la

Advèb konpoze Mo + mo wòrd + wòrd somehow sòmhaw yon jan

Advèb konpoze Mo + mo wòrd + wòrd everywhere èvriwèr tout kote

Fraz advèb Pawòl oswa ekspresyon + non ak prepozisyon adverbial phrase in the morning in dhe mòning nan maten

9- Konjonksyon

. Konjonksyon kowòdinasyon — Coordinating Conjunctions

Konjonksyon sa yo konekte eleman ki gen menm fonksyon gramatikal.

Konjonksyon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

and and ak / epi

but bòt men

or or oswa

nor nòr ni

for fòr paske / poutèt

yet yèt men / malgre sa

so so konsa / donk

FANBOYS

For — fò

And — and

Nor — nòr

But — bòt

Or — or

Yet — yèt

So — so

I was tired, but I worked.

Ay wòz tayèrd, bòt ay wòrkt.

Mwen te fatige, men mwen te travay.

2. Konjonksyon sibòdone — Subordinating Conjunctions

Konjonksyon sa yo konekte yon fraz sibòdone ak yon fraz prensipal.

Kòz

Konjonksyon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

because bikòz paske

since sins paske / depi

as az paske / kòm

seeing that si-ing dat piske

seeing as si-ing az kòm / paske

now that naw dat kounye a ke / piske

given that givèn dat etandone

considering that konsidèring dat etandone / lè nou konsidere ke

inasmuch as in-az-mòtch az etandone / nan mezi ke

insofar as in-so-far az nan mezi ke / toutotan

insomuch as in-so-mòtch az nan mezi ke

in that in dat paske / nan sans ke

I stayed home because I was tired.

Ay steyd hom bikòz ay wòz tayèrd.

Mwen te rete lakay paske mwen te fatige.

3. Konjonksyon kondisyonèl

Konjonksyon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

if if si

unless anlès sòf si / si ... pa

provided provaydèd a kondisyon ke

provided that provaydèd dat a kondisyon ke

providing provayding a kondisyon ke

providing that provayding dat a kondisyon ke

as long as az long az toutotan / depi

so long as so long az toutotan

on condition that on kondichòn dat a kondisyon ke

in case in keys nan ka ke / sizoka

in the event that in di ivènt dat si ta rive ke

assuming that asuming dat sipoze ke

supposing that sapozing dat sipoze ke

suppose that sapoz dat sipoze ke

given that givèn dat etandone

granted that granted dat menm si nou admèt ke

granting that granting dat menm si nou admèt ke

If you study, you will learn.

If you stadi, you wil lèrn.

Si ou etidye, w ap aprann.

4. Konjonksyon konsesif ak kontras

Konjonksyon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

although òldo malgre ke

though do malgre ke

even though ivèn do malgre ke

even if ivèn if menm si

whereas wèr-az alòske / tandiske

while wayl pandan ke / alòske

whilst waylst pandan ke

albeit òlbit malgre ke

much as mòtch az malgre jan

however much awèvè mòtch kèlkeswa kantite

no matter how no matè haw kèlkeswa jan

no matter what no matè wat kèlkeswa sa

no matter who no matè hou kèlkeswa moun

no matter where no matè wèr kèlkeswa kote

no matter when no matè wèn kèlkeswa kilè

no matter which no matè witch kèlkeswa kiyès / kèlkeswa sa nan opsyon yo

Even though he was tired, he continued.

Ivèn do hi wòz tayèrd, hi kontinyoud.

Malgre li te fatige, li te kontinye.

5. Konjonksyon tan

Konjonksyon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

when wèn lè

whenever wènevè nenpòt lè / chak fwa

while wayl pandan ke

whilst waylst pandan ke

before bifòr anvan

after afte apre

until / till / 'til / 'till antil / til / til / til jiska

since sins depi

once wans depi lè / kou

as soon as az sun az depi / kou

as long as az long az toutotan

so long as so long az toutotan

by the time bay di taym jouk lè / lè

every time evri taym chak fwa

each time itsh taym chak fwa

the moment di momènt menm lè

the minute di minit depi lè / kou

the instant di instènt depi lè / kou

directly direktli tousuit apre

immediately imidyètli imedyatman / tousuit

hardly... when hardli... wèn apèn... lè

scarcely... when skèrsli... wèn apèn... lè

no sooner... than no sunè... dan apèn... lè

Call me when you arrive.

Kòl mi wèn you arayv.

Rele m lè ou rive.

6. Konjonksyon objektif

Konjonksyon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

so that so dat pou / pou ke

in order that in òrdè dat pou ke

lest lest pou evite / paske yo pè ke

for fear that fòr fir dat de pè ke

in case in keys nan ka ke / sizoka

I studied hard so that I could pass.

Ay stadid hard so dat ay koud pas.

Mwen te etidye anpil pou m te ka reyisi.

7. Konjonksyon rezilta

Konjonksyon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

so... that so... dat tèlman... ke

such... that sòtch... dat tèlman... ke

so that so dat konsa / konsa ke

such that sòtch dat tèlman ke

He was so tired that he slept immediately.

Hi wòz so tayèrd dat hi slept imidyètli.

Li te tèlman fatige ke li te dòmi tousuit.

8. Konjonksyon konparezon

Konjonksyon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

than dan pase

as... as az... az tankou / menm jan ak

not as... as not az... az pa menm jan ak / pa osi... ke

as if az if tankou si

as though az do tankou si

just as djòst az toutbon tankou

the more... the more di mor... di mor plis... se plis

the more... the less di mor... di les plis... se mwens

the less... the more di les... di mor mwens... se plis

the less... the less di les... di les mwens... se mwens

She is taller than I am.

Shi iz tolè dan ay am.

Li pi wo pase mwen.

9. Konjonksyon fason ak resanblans

Konjonksyon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

as az tankou / jan

as if az if tankou si

as though az do tankou si

just as djòst az toutbon tankou

the way di wey fason ke

in the way that in di wey dat fason ke

however awèvè kèlkeswa jan / nenpòt fason

however you awèvè you kèlkeswa jan ou

He talks as if he knows everything.

Hi tòks az if hi noz evrithing.

Li pale tankou si li konnen tout bagay.

10. Konjonksyon chwa

Konjonksyon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

or or oswa

either... or ay-dè... or swa... swa

whether... or wèdè... or si... oswa

whether... or not wèdè... or not si... oswa non

Either you come or I leave.

Ay-dè you kom or ay liv.

Swa ou vini, swa mwen ale.

11. Konjonksyon korelatif

Correlative Conjunctions

Estrikti Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

both... and both... and tou de... ak

either... or ay-dè... or swa... swa

neither... nor nay-dè... nor ni... ni

not only... but also not only... bòt olso pa sèlman... men tou

whether... or wèdè... or si... oswa

whether... or not wèdè... or not si... oswa non

rather... than radè... dan pito... pase

no sooner... than no sunè... dan apèn... lè

hardly... when hardli... wèn apèn... lè

scarcely... when skèrsli... wèn apèn... lè

barely... when bèrli... wèn apèn... lè

the more... the more di mor... di mor plis... se plis

the more... the less di mor... di les plis... se mwens

the less... the more di les... di mor mwens... se plis

the less... the less di les... di les mwens... se mwens

12. Konjonksyon adisyonèl

Konjonksyon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

and and ak / epi

as well as az wèl az menm jan ak / ansanm ak

not to mention not tu mènchòn san konte / san pale de

besides bisaydz anplis

let alone let alon san pale de

much less mòtch les ale pou mwens / alewè

to say nothing of tu sey nòthing ov san pale de

apart from apart from anplis / eksepte

aside from asayd from anplis / eksepte

Kèk nan ekspresyon sa yo kapab sèvi kòm fraz prepozisyonèl oswa ekspresyon konektè, selon fason yo itilize yo; se pa tout ki se konjonksyon nan sans strik la.

13. Konjonksyon eksepsyon

Konjonksyon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

except that iksept dat eksepte ke

except when iksept wèn eksepte lè

except if iksept if sòf si

save that seyv dat eksepte ke

but that bòt dat sòf ke

unless anlès sòf si / si ... pa

14. Konjonksyon sipozisyon

Konjonksyon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

assuming that asuming dat sipoze ke

supposing that sapozing dat sipoze ke

suppose that sapoz dat sipoze ke

presuming that prizuming dat sipoze ke

provided that provaydèd dat a kondisyon ke

providing that provayding dat a kondisyon ke

given that givèn dat etandone

granting that granting dat menm si nou admèt ke

granted that grantèd dat menm si nou admèt ke

15. Konjonksyon chwa ak jeneralizasyon

Konjonksyon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

whoever houèvè nenpòt moun ki

whomever houmèvè nenpòt moun ke

whatever watèvè nenpòt sa / kèlkeswa sa

whichever witchèvè nenpòt kiyès / kèlkeswa sa nan opsyon yo

wherever wèrèvè kèlkeswa kote

whenever wènevè kèlkeswa lè / chak fwa

however awèvè kèlkeswa jan

Whoever comes can enter.

Houèvè komz kan entè.

Nenpòt moun ki vini kapab antre.

Whatever you choose is fine.

Watèvè you tchouz iz fayn.

Kèlkeswa sa ou chwazi a, li bon.

16. Konjonksyon ansyen ak fòmèl

Sa yo egziste nan lang angle, men yo pa twò komen nan langaj chak jou:

Mo a Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

albeit òlbit malgre ke

albeit that òlbit dat malgre ke

albeit when òlbit wèn malgre lè

albeit with òlbit wit malgre sa ki vini avèk

insofar as in-so-far az nan mezi ke

inasmuch as in-az-mòtch az etandone

insomuch as in-so-mòtch az nan mezi ke

notwithstanding that notwòdistanding dat malgre ke

whereas wèr-az alòske

whilst waylst pandan ke

lest lest pou evite ke

save that seyv dat eksepte ke

provided that provaydèd dat a kondisyon ke

supposing that sapozing dat sipoze ke

17. Mo ki sanble ak konjonksyon men ki an reyalite souvan pa konjonksyon

Mo sa yo souvan konekte lide, men yo pa konjonksyon nan sans strik la:

Mo Pwononsyasyon Klasifikasyon komen Siyifikasyon

however awèvè advèb konektè men / sepandan

therefore dèrfor advèb konektè kidonk / donk

moreover morovè advèb konektè anplis / anplis de sa

furthermore fèrdèmor advèb konektè anplis de sa

nevertheless nevèdèles advèb konektè men kanmenm

nonetheless nondèles advèb konektè men kanmenm

consequently konsikwèntli advèb konektè konsa / kòm konsekans

otherwise adèwaz advèb konektè sinon

instead insted advèb konektè olye de sa

meanwhile minwayl advèb konektè pandan tan sa a

thus das advèb konektè konsa / kidonk

hence hens advèb konektè se poutèt sa / donk

Pa egzanp:

I was tired; however, I worked.

Ay wòz tayèrd; awèvè, ay wòrkt.

Mwen te fatige; sepandan, mwen te travay.

Se poutèt sa, however pa fonksyone egzakteman menm jan ak but.

Pa kopye itilizasyon sa a:

❌ I was tired, however I worked.

Fason ki pi kòrèk:

✅ I was tired, but I worked.

Oswa:

✅ I was tired; however, I worked.

If only -> Si sèlman / Mwen ta renmen

If only I played -> Si sèlman mwen te jwe

Anyway/Anyways -> Antouka / Kèlkeswa sa

10- Prepozisyon (PREPOSITIONS)

Prepozisyon debaz yo

Prepozisyon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon an kreyòl Egzanp konplè Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Tradiksyon

about abawat sou / konsènan We talked about the problem. Wi tòkt abawat di problem. Nou te pale sou pwoblèm nan.

above abav anwo / pi wo pase The lamp is above the table. Di lamp iz abav di teybl. Lanp lan anlè tab la.

across akros atravè / sou lòt bò a We walked across the street. Wi wòkt akros di strit. Nou te travèse lari a.

after afte apre We met after lunch. Wi met afte lanch. Nou te rankontre apre manje midi.

against agenst kont / kole ak The ladder is against the wall. Di ladè iz agenst di wòl. Nechèl la apiye sou miray la.

along along le long / sou tout longè We walked along the river. Wi wòkt along di rivè. Nou te mache sou bò larivyè a.

amid amid nan mitan / nan He stood amid the crowd. Hi stod amid di krawd. Li te kanpe nan mitan foul la.

among among nan mitan yon gwoup She was among friends. Shi wòz among frendz. Li te nan mitan zanmi li yo.

around arawnd otou We sat around the table. Wi sat arawnd di teybl. Nou te chita otou tab la.

at at à / nan / bò I am at school. Ay am at skul. Mwen lekòl.

before bifòr anvan Come before noon. Kom bifòr nun. Vini anvan midi.

behind bihaynd dèyè The car is behind the house. Di kar iz bihaynd di hawz. Machin nan dèyè kay la.

below bilow anba / pi ba pase The temperature is below zero. Di tempèratshè iz bilow ziro. Tanperati a anba zewo.

beneath binith anba The keys are beneath the book. Di kiz ar binith di buk. Kle yo anba liv la.

beside bisayad bò kote Sit beside me. Sit bisayad mi. Chita bò kote m.

besides bisaydz anplis de Besides English, she speaks Arabic. Bisaydz Inglish, shi spiks Arabik. Anplis angle, li pale arab.

between bitwin ant de bagay The shop is between two buildings. Di shop iz bitwin tu bildingz. Boutik la ant de bilding yo.

beyond biyond pi lwen pase The village is beyond the mountain. Di vilij iz biyond di mawntin. Vilaj la pi lwen pase mòn nan.

by bay pa / bò / anvan yon lè The book was written by her. Di buk wòz ritèn bay hèr. Se li ki te ekri liv la.

concerning konsèning ki konsène / konsènan We talked concerning the project. Wi tòkt konsèning di prodjekt. Nou te pale konsènan pwojè a.

despite dispait malgre Despite the rain, we went out. Dispait di reyn, wi went awt. Malgre lapli a, nou te soti.

down dawn desann / sou direksyon anba He walked down the hill. Hi wòkt dawn di hil. Li te desann ti mòn nan apye.

during diuring pandan I slept during the flight. Ay slept diuring di flayt. Mwen te dòmi pandan vòl la.

except iksept eksepte Everyone came except John. Evriwan keym iksept Jon. Tout moun te vini eksepte John.

for fòr pou / pandan yon dire This gift is for you. Dis gift iz fòr you. Kado sa a se pou ou.

from from soti nan / depi I came from Kuwait. Ay keym from Kuwait. Mwen soti Kowet.

in in nan / anndan She is in the room. Shi iz in di rum. Li nan chanm nan.

inside insayd anndan The keys are inside the bag. Di kiz ar insayd di bag. Kle yo anndan sak la.

into intu ale antre nan He went into the room. Hi went intu di rum. Li antre nan chanm nan.

like layk tankou He runs like a professional. Hi ranz layk a profèshonal. Li kouri tankou yon pwofesyonèl.

near nir pre / toupre I live near the school. Ay liv nir di skul. Mwen rete toupre lekòl la.

of ov de / ki fè pati The door of the house is open. Di dò ov di hawz iz open. Pòt kay la louvri.

off òf deyò / retire sou Take your shoes off the table. Teyk yor shuz òf di teybl. Retire soulye ou yo sou tab la.

on on sou The book is on the table. Di buk iz on di teybl. Liv la sou tab la.

onto ontu monte sou / ale sou The cat jumped onto the table. Di kat djompt ontu di teybl. Chat la sote sou tab la.

opposite opozit anfas The bank is opposite the hotel. Di bank iz opozit di hotèl. Bank lan anfas otèl la.

out awt deyò / soti nan He went out the door. Hi went awt di dò. Li soti nan pòt la.

outside awtsayd deyò They are outside the house. Dey ar awtsayd di hawz. Yo deyò kay la.

over ovè anlè / sou lòt bò The plane flew over the city. Di pleyn flu ovè di siti. Avyon an te vole anlè vil la.

past past pase devan / depase We walked past the school. Wi wòkt past di skul. Nou te mache pase devan lekòl la.

regarding rigarding konsènan / anrapò ak I have a question regarding the plan. Ay hav a kwestchòn rigarding di plan. Mwen gen yon kesyon konsènan plan an.

round rawnd otou We walked round the park. Wi wòkt rawnd di park. Nou te mache otou pak la.

since sins depi I have lived here since 2020. Ay hav livd hir sins tu thawsand twenti. Mwen rete isit la depi 2020.

through thru atravè / pase nan We walked through the tunnel. Wi wòkt thru di tanel. Nou te mache nan tinèl la.

throughout thruawt pandan tout / toupatou nan It rained throughout the day. It reynd thruawt di dey. Lapli te tonbe tout lajounen.

till til jiska Wait till tomorrow. Weyt til tumoro. Tann jiska demen.

to tu vè / ale nan I went to school. Ay went tu skul. Mwen te ale lekòl.

toward towòrd vè / nan direksyon He walked toward me. Hi wòkt towòrd mi. Li te mache vin jwenn mwen.

towards towòrdz vè / nan direksyon She ran towards the door. Shi ran towòrdz di dò. Li kouri nan direksyon pòt la.

under andè anba The cat is under the table. Di kat iz andè di teybl. Chat la anba tab la.

underneath andènith anba The bag is underneath the chair. Di bag iz andènith di tchèr. Sak la anba chèz la.

unlike anlayk kontrèman ak / pa menm jan ak Unlike him, I am quiet. Anlayk him, ay am kwayèt. Kontrèman avè l, mwen pa pale anpil.

until antil jiska Stay here until Friday. Stey hir antil Fraydè. Rete isit la jiska vandredi.

up ap anlè / monte He walked up the stairs. Hi wòkt ap di stèrz. Li monte eskalye yo apye.

upon apòn sou / lè Upon arrival, call me. Apòn arayval, kòl mi. Lè ou rive, rele m.

via vaya / viya atravè / pa mwayen We traveled via Dubai. Wi travèld vaya Dubai. Nou te vwayaje pase Dibwa.

with wit avèk / ansanm ak I went with my brother. Ay went wit may bradè. Mwen te ale avèk frè m.

within widin anndan / nan yon delè Finish it within an hour. Finish it widin an awè. Fini li nan yon èdtan.

without widawt san Li left without his phone. Hi left widawt hiz fon. Li pati san telefòn li.

2. Prepozisyon konpoze

Ekspresyon sa yo gen plis pase yon mo, men yo fonksyone ansanm kòm yon sèl ekspresyon.

Ekspresyon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon Egzanp Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Tradiksyon

according to akòrding tu dapre / selon According to the report, sales increased. Akòrding tu di ripòrt, seyəlz inkrist. Dapre rapò a, lavant yo te ogmante.

ahead of ahèd ov devan / anvan She arrived ahead of us. Shi arayvd ahèd ov as. Li te rive anvan nou.

along with along wit ak / ansanm ak He came along with his brother. Hi keym along wit hiz bradè. Li te vini ansanm ak frè li.

apart from apart from eksepte / apa de Apart from John, everyone agreed. Apart from Jon, evriwan agridd. Tout moun te dakò eksepte John.

as for az fòr kanta / konsènan As for me, I agree. Az fòr mi, ay agrì. Kanta mwen menm, mwen dakò.

as of az ov apati de As of Monday, the rule applies. Az ov Mandey, di rul aplays. Règ la aplike apati lendi.

as to az tu konsènan / anrapò ak There is uncertainty as to the cause. Dèr iz ansèrtènti az tu di kòz. Gen ensètitid konsènan kòz la.

because of bikòz ov akoz de We stayed home because of the rain. Wi steyd hom bikòz ov di reyn. Nou te rete lakay akoz lapli a.

by means of bay minz ov pa mwayen We solved it by means of a computer. Wi solv it bay minz ov a kompyutè. Nou te rezoud li avèk yon òdinatè.

by way of bay wey ov pa / atravè We went by way of London. Wi went bay wey ov Londòn. Nou te pase nan Lond.

close to klos tu toupre The school is close to my house. Di skul iz klos tu may hawz. Lekòl la toupre kay mwen.

due to diu tu akoz de The flight was delayed due to fog. Di flayt wòz dileyd diu tu fog. Vòl la te anreta akoz bwouya a.

except for iksept fòr eksepte Everyone came except for Mary. Evriwan keym iksept fòr Mèri. Tout moun te vini eksepte Mary.

far from far from lwen de / pa ditou The answer is far from simple. Di ansè iz far from simpl. Repons lan pa ditou senp.

in addition to in adichòn tu anplis de In addition to English, he studies Arabic. In adichòn tu Inglish, hi stadiz Arabik. Anplis angle, li etidye arab.

in case of in keys ov nan ka / sizoka Call me in case of emergency. Kòl mi in keys ov imèrdjensi. Rele m nan ka ta gen yon ijans.

in front of in front ov devan The car is in front of the house. Di kar iz in front ov di hawz. Machin nan devan kay la.

in place of in pleys ov olye de Use this in place of sugar. Youz dis in pleys ov shugè. Sèvi ak sa a olye de sik.

in spite of in spayt ov malgre In spite of the rain, we left. In spayt ov di reyn, wi left. Malgre lapli a, nou te pati.

in terms of in tèmz ov anrapò ak / sou baz In terms of price, it is cheap. In tèmz ov prays, it iz tchìp. Anrapò ak pri a, li pa chè.

instead of insted ov olye de I drank tea instead of coffee. Ay drank ti insted ov kòfi. Mwen te bwè te olye de kafe.

next to nekst tu bò kote Sit next to me. Sit nekst tu mi. Chita bò kote m.

on account of on akawnt ov akoz de The match was canceled on account of rain. Di match wòz kanseld on akawnt ov reyn. Match la te anile akoz lapli a.

on behalf of on bihaf ov nan non / pou I spoke on behalf of the team. Ay spok on bihaf ov di tim. Mwen te pale nan non ekip la.

on top of on top ov anlè / anplis de The keys are on top of the box. Di kiz ar on top ov di boks. Kle yo anlè bwat la.

out of awt ov deyò / soti nan He walked out of the room. Hi wòkt awt ov di rum. Li soti nan chanm nan.

owing to owing tu akoz de The event was canceled owing to rain. Di ivènt wòz kanseld owing tu reyn. Evènman an te anile akoz lapli a.

prior to prayor tu anvan Prior to the meeting, we prepared. Prayor tu di miting, wi pripèrd. Anvan reyinyon an, nou te prepare.

regardless of rigardlès ov kèlkeswa / san konsidere We will continue regardless of the cost. Wi wil kontinyu rigardlès ov di kòst. N ap kontinye kèlkeswa pri a.

thanks to thanks tu grasa Thanks to you, we succeeded. Thanks tu you, wi saksidid. Grasa ou, nou te reyisi.

together with togedè wit ansanm ak She came together with her friends. Shi keym togedè wit hèr frendz. Li te vini ansanm ak zanmi li yo.

up to ap tu jiska / rive nan limit Up to ten people can enter. Ap tu ten pipòl kan entè. Jiska dis moun ka antre.

with regard to wit rigard tu anrapò ak / konsènan With regard to your question, I agree. Wit rigard tu yor kwestchòn, ay agrì. Konsènan kesyon ou an, mwen dakò.

with respect to wit rispekt tu anrapò ak / konsènan With respect to this issue, we disagree. Wit rispekt tu dis ishu, wi disagri. Konsènan pwoblèm sa a, nou pa dakò.

3. Ekspresyon prepozisyonèl avanse

Ekspresyon Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

by virtue of bay vèrtchu ov grasa / akòz

by dint of bay dint ov grasa / atravè efò

by reason of bay rizon ov akoz de

by courtesy of bay kèrtèzi ov grasa / avèk èd

by order of bay òrdè ov sou lòd

by reference to bay refèrens tu an referans ak

by means of bay minz ov pa mwayen

by way of bay wey ov atravè / pa

in accordance with in akòrdans wit dapre / ann akò ak

in comparison with in kompèrison wit an konparezon ak

in connection with in konekshòn wit anrapò ak

in contrast to in kontrast tu kontrèman ak

in exchange for in ikstcheyndj fòr an echanj pou

in favor of in feyvè ov an favè

in lieu of in liu ov olye de

in relation to in rileyshòn tu anrapò ak

in response to in rispons tu an repons a

in search of in sèrtch ov ap chèche

in view of in vyu ov etandone / lè nou konsidere

on the basis of on di beysis ov sou baz

on the grounds of on di grawndz ov akòz / sou baz

with a view to wit a vyu tu avèk objektif pou

with the exception of wit di iksepshòn ov eksepte

with the help of wit di help ov avèk èd

with reference to wit refèrens tu an referans ak / konsènan

4. Prepozisyon ansyen, ra ak fòmèl

Kèk nan mo sa yo parèt plis nan lang angle ansyen, legal, literè oswa fòmèl:

Mo Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon

abaft abaf pa dèyè / pi dèyè

alongside along-sayd bò kote

amidst amidst nan mitan

amongst amongst pami

astride astrayd chita oswa kanpe ak yon janm sou chak bò

athwart athwòrt atravè / an travès

atop atop anlè

barring baring eksepte / sof si

circa sèrka anviwon / apeprè

cum kom avèk / nan kapasite kòm

ere ir anvan

notwithstanding notwòdistanding malgre / kèlkeswa

per pèr pa / dapre

save seyv eksepte

vis-à-vis vi-a-vi anfas / anrapò ak

worth wòrth vo / ki vo

Egzanp:

Notwithstanding the difficulties, we continued.

Notwòdistanding di difikòltiz, wi kontinyoud.

Malgre difikilte yo, nou te kontinye.

5. Prepozisyon ki montre pozisyon nan espas

Ou ka òganize prepozisyon sa yo selon relasyon espasyal yo:

Relasyon Prepozisyon

Anndan in, inside, within

Antre anndan into

Deyò out, outside

Sou yon sifas on

Monte sou yon sifas onto

Anlè above, over, atop, on top of

Anba under, below, beneath, underneath

Devan in front of, before

Dèyè behind

Bò kote beside, by, next to, alongside

Ant de bagay between

Pami yon gwoup among, amongst

Toupre near, close to

Anfas opposite, across from

Otou around, round

Atravè across, through

Sou tout longè along

Nan direksyon toward, towards

Byen lwen / separe ak away from, off

Pase / pi lwen pase past, beyond

6. Prepozisyon tan

Relasyon tanporèl Prepozisyon Egzanp

Lè egzak at at 5 o'clock

Jou / dat on on Monday

Mwa / ane / peryòd in in 2026

Anvan before, prior to, ahead of before lunch

Apre after, following after work

Pandan during during the meeting

Depi since since Monday

Pou yon dire for for two hours

Jiska until, till until Friday

Depi yon lè rive nan yon lòt from … to from Monday to Friday

Pandan tout throughout throughout the year

Anvan yon delè fini by by Friday

Anvan yon lè egzak by by 6 p.m.

Nan yon delè within within two hours

Anviwon around, about around noon

Toupre yon lè near near midnight

7. Prepozisyon ki montre kòz ak objektif

Prepozisyon / ekspresyon Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

because of bikòz ov akoz de

due to diu tu akoz de

owing to owing tu akoz de

on account of on akawnt ov akoz de

as a result of az a rizalt ov kòm rezilta

thanks to thanks tu grasa

for fòr pou

for the sake of fòr di seyk ov pou dedomajman / pou dedomajman yon bagay

with a view to wit a vyu tu avèk objektif pou

in order to in òrdè tu pou / nan objektif pou*

* In order to anjeneral vini anvan yon vèb; se poutèt sa, li pi bon pou konsidere l kòm yon ekspresyon objektif olye de yon prepozisyon tradisyonèl.

8. Pwen enpòtan: Prepozisyon + kisa?

Règ debaz la:

Preposition + noun / pronoun / V-ing

Prepozisyon + non / pwonon / vèb ki fini an -ing

Egzanp:

Prepozisyon + non

I am in the house.

Ay am in di hawz.

Mwen nan kay la.

Prepozisyon + pwonon

This gift is for him.

Dis gift iz fòr him.

Kado sa a se pou li.

Remake:

for him ✅

for he ❌

Paske apre yon prepozisyon, pwonon an dwe nan fòm konpleman.

Prepozisyon + V-ing

She is good at cooking.

Shi iz gud at kuking.

Li konn fè manje byen.

He left without saying goodbye.

Hi left widawt seying gudbay.

Li pati san li pa di orevwa.

9. Diferans ant kèk prepozisyon ki sanble

Mo Siyifikasyon debaz Egzanp

in anndan in the room

into mouvman pou antre go into the room

on sou yon sifas on the table

onto mouvman pou monte sou jump onto the table

at pwen oswa kote presi at the station

to direksyon go to school

by bò kote / pa mwayen / anvan yon delè by the door / by car / by Friday

with avèk / sèvi ak with him / with a knife

from soti nan from London

of relasyon / posesyon the door of the house

for pou / dire / benefisyè for you / for two hours

since depi yon pwen kòmansman since Monday

during pandan yon peryòd during the meeting

until jiska yon lè limit until Friday

between ant de moun oswa bagay between John and Mary

among pami yon gwoup among friends

above pi wo pase above the table

over anlè / travèse over the bridge

below pi ba pase below the line

under anba under the table

beside bò kote beside me

besides anplis de besides English

because of / cause of akoz de because of rain

despite malgre despite the rain

in spite of malgre in spite of the rain

aboard -> abò / sou yon machin transpò aboard

11- Detèminan (DETERMINERS)

Detèminan debaz yo

Detèminan Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Siyifikasyon an kreyòl Egzanp konplè Pwononsyasyon an kreyòl Tradiksyon

a a yon / pa espesifik I saw a dog. Ay so a dog. Mwen te wè yon chen.

an an yon / pa espesifik She ate an apple. Shi et an apòl. Li te manje yon pòm.

the dhè / dhi la / a / bagay la nou konnen I saw the dog. Ay so dhè dog. Mwen te wè chen an.

this dhis sa a / sa a ki toupre This book is useful. Dhis buk iz yusfòl. Liv sa a itil.

that dhat sa a / sa a ki lwen That car is expensive. Dhat kar iz ikspensiv. Machin sa a chè.

these dhiz bagay sa yo This books are new. Dhiz buks ar nyou. Liv sa yo nouvo.

those dhoz bagay sa yo ki lwen Those houses are old. Dhoz hawziz ar old. Kay sa yo fin vye.

2. Detèminan posesif

Yo mete yo anvan non an pou montre kiyès ki posede bagay la.

Detèminan Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon Egzanp

my may mwen / pa mwen My book is here.

your yòr ou / pa ou Your car is outside.

his hiz li / pa li (gason) His house is big.

her hèr li / pa li (fi) Her bag is black.

its its li / pa li pou yon bèt oswa yon bagay The dog moved its tail.

our awèr nou / pa nou Our teacher is kind.

their dhèr yo / pa yo Their house is beautiful.

Egzanp

my book = liv mwen

your car = machin ou

his phone = telefòn li

her bag = sak li

our house = kay nou

their children = pitit yo

Men:

mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs se pwonon posesif ki ranplase non an epi ki montre pwopriyetè a:

This book is mine.

Dhis buk iz mayn.

Liv sa a se pou mwen.

3. Detèminan demonstratif

Detèminan Pwononsyasyon Nimewo Distans Egzanp

this dhis Sengilye Toupre this book

that dhat Sengilye Lwen that book

these dhiz Pliryèl Toupre these books

those dhoz Pliryèl Lwen those books

Règ

this + non sengilye

this book

Dhis buk

Liv sa a

these + non pliryèl

these books

Dhiz buks

Liv sa yo

that + non sengilye

that car

Dhat kar

Machin sa a ki lwen

those + non pliryèl

those cars

Dhoz karz

Machin sa yo ki lwen

4. Detèminan kantite

Detèminan sa yo montre kantite yon non.

Detèminan Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon Egzanp

some sòm kèk / yon kantite I bought some books.

any eni nenpòt / kèk Do you have any questions?

no no pa gen / okenn I have no money.

much mòtch anpil, pou non ki pa konte I don't have much time.

many meni anpil, pou non ki konte She has many books.

little litòl twò piti / pa anpil I have little time.

a little a litòl yon ti kras I have a little time.

few fyou kèk grenn / pa anpil Few people came.

a few a fyou kèk / yon ti kantite I have a few questions.

enough inòf ase We have enough food.

more mòr plis I need more water.

less lès pi piti kantite I need less sugar.

fewer fyouèr yon pi piti kantite bagay ki konte We need fewer chairs.

all òl tout All students passed.

both both tou de Both students passed.

half haf mwatye Half the class left.

most most pifò Most people agreed.

enough inòf ase We have enough money.

5. Detèminan nimerik

Nimewo yo ka sèvi kòm detèminan lè yo vini dirèkteman anvan yon non.

Nimewo yo

Nimewo Pwononsyasyon Egzanp

one wòn one book

two tou two books

three thri three books

four fòr four books

five fayv five books

six siks six books

seven sèvèn seven books

eight eyt eight books

nine nayn nine books

ten tèn ten books

hundred hondrèd a hundred books

thousand thawzand a thousand books

million milyòn a million people

billion bilyòn a billion dollars

Nimewo yo ka vini anvan non an pou bay kantite a.

6. Detèminan distribitif

Yo montre moun oswa bagay yo konsidere youn apre lòt nan yon gwoup.

Detèminan Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon Egzanp

each itsh chak moun oswa chak bagay Each student has a book.

every evri chak / tout Every student passed.

either idhèr / aydhèr youn nan de yo Either answer is acceptable.

neither nidhèr / naydhèr okenn nan de yo Neither answer is correct.

Diferans lan

each

Each student received a book.

Itsh stoudant risivd a buk.

Chak elèv te resevwa yon liv.

Li mete aksan sou chak moun apa.

every

Every student received a book.

Evri stoudant risivd a buk.

Chak elèv te resevwa yon liv.

Li mete aksan sou tout gwoup la.

7. Detèminan entèwogatif

Yo sèvi avè yo pou poze kesyon sou yon non.

Detèminan Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon Egzanp

what wòt ki / ki sa What book do you want?

which witsh ki Which book do you want?

whose huz kiyès ki posede Whose book is this?

what kind of wòt kaynd ov ki kalite What kind of car do you want?

which kind of witsh kaynd ov ki kalite Which kind of food do you prefer?

Egzanp

Which book do you want?

Witsh buk dou you want?

Ki liv ou vle?

Whose car is this?

Huz kar iz dhis?

Machin sa a se pou kiyès?

8. Detèminan endefini

Yo pale de moun oswa bagay san yo pa presize kiyès oswa kisa egzakteman.

Detèminan Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

a a yon / yon bagay ki pa espesifik

an an yon / yon bagay ki pa espesifik

some sòm kèk

any eni nenpòt / kèk

no no pa gen / okenn

another anadhèr yon lòt

other adhèr lòt / lòt yo

such sòtch tèl / konsa

9. another ak other

De mo sa yo sanble, men yo pa sèvi menm jan.

another

another + non sengilye ki konte

I need another book.

Ay nid anadhèr buk.

Mwen bezwen yon lòt liv.

other

other + non pliryèl

I need other books.

Ay nid adhèr buks.

Mwen bezwen lòt liv.

the other

The other book is mine.

Dhè adhèr buk iz mayn.

Lòt liv la se pou mwen.

the other + non pliryèl

The other books are mine.

Dhè adhèr buks ar mayn.

Lòt liv yo se pou mwen.

10. Detèminan ki bay anfaz oswa resanblans

such

such + a/an + adjektif + non sengilye

She is such a nice person.

Shi iz sòtch a nays pèrson.

Li se yon moun ki vrèman janti.

Avèk non pliryèl:

such people

Sòtch pipòl

Moun konsa.

Avèk non ki pa konte:

such good advice

Sòtch goud advays

Konsèy ki vrèman bon konsa.

11. Detèminan ki montre gwo kantite oswa kantite an jeneral

Detèminan Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon Egzanp

all òl tout all students

both both tou de both books

each itsh chak moun oswa bagay each student

every evri chak / tout every student

either idhèr youn nan de yo either book

neither nidhèr okenn nan de yo neither book

enough inòf ase enough food

much mòtch anpil, pou non ki pa konte much water

many meni anpil, pou non ki konte many books

most most pifò most people

more mòr plis more time

less lès yon pi piti kantite less water

fewer fyouèr yon pi piti kantite bagay ki konte fewer people

half haf mwatye half the money

plenty of plènti ov anpil / yon kantite ki ase plenty of food

a lot of a lot ov anpil a lot of people

lots of lots ov anpil lots of books

12. Ekspresyon kantite ki sèvi kòm detèminan

Ekspresyon sa yo ka ede presize kantite yon non.

Ekspresyon Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

a lot of a lot ov anpil

lots of lots ov anpil

plenty of plènti ov anpil / an kantite

a number of a nombèr ov plizyè / yon kantite

a great number of a greyt nombèr ov yon gwo kantite

a large number of a larj nombèr ov yon gwo kantite

a small number of a smòl nombèr ov yon ti kantite

a great deal of a greyt dil ov yon gwo kantite

a large amount of a larj amawnt ov yon gwo kantite

a small amount of a smòl amawnt ov yon ti kantite

a majority of a majòrati ov majorite a

a minority of a maynòrati ov minorite a

a pair of a pèèr ov yon pè

a couple of a kopòl ov de / kèk

a range of a reyndj ov yon seri / yon varyete

a variety of a varyeti ov divès kalite

a series of a siriiz ov yon seri

a set of a sètt ov yon seri / yon ansanm

a group of a group ov yon gwoup

a number of a nombèr ov plizyè / yon kantite

Egzanp:

A lot of students study English.

A lot ov stoudants stadi Inglish.

Anpil elèv etidye anglè.

13. Detèminan fraksyon ak pati

Ekspresyon Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

half haf mwatye

a half a haf yon mwatye

quarter kwòtèr yon ka

a quarter a kwòtèr yon ka

third thèrd yon tyè

a third a thèrd yon tyè

two-thirds tou thèrdz de tyè

three-quarters thri kwòtèrz twa ka

part of part ov yon pati nan

most of most ov pifò nan

some of sòm ov kèk nan

all of òl ov tout

none of non ov okenn nan

Egzanp:

Half the students left.

Haf dhè stoudants left.

Mwatye elèv yo te ale.

Most of the students passed.

Most ov dhè stoudants past.

Pifò elèv yo te reyisi.

14. none ak neither

none

Yo sèvi avè l pou pale de zewo moun oswa zewo bagay nan yon gwoup:

None of the students came.

Non ov dhè stoudants keym.

Okenn nan elèv yo pa t vini.

neither

Yo sèvi avè l lè gen de moun oswa de bagay:

Neither student came.

Nidhèr stoudant keym.

Okenn nan de elèv yo pa t vini.

either

Youn nan de yo:

Either student can help you.

Idhèr stoudant kan help you.

Nenpòt youn nan de elèv yo ka ede w.

15. Detèminan negatif

Detèminan Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon Egzanp

no no pa gen / okenn no money

neither nidhèr okenn nan de yo neither student

no other no adhèr pa gen lòt no other option

not a not a pa gen menm yon sèl not a single person

not any not eni pa gen okenn not any books

Egzanp:

No student was absent.

No stoudant woz absant.

Pa t gen okenn elèv ki te absan.

16. Mo ki itil men ki pa toujou detèminan

Kèk mo ka fonksyone kòm detèminan selon pozisyon yo ak fason yo itilize yo.

Mo Pwononsyasyon Egzanp itilizasyon

certain sèrtèn certain people = kèk moun byen presi

certain sèrtèn a certain person = yon moun byen presi

particular partikilèr a particular reason = yon rezon byen presi

specific spesifik a specific case = yon ka byen presi

given givèn given circumstances = nan sikonstans sa yo

same seym the same person = menm moun nan

next nekst next week = semèn pwochèn

last last last year = ane pase

previous privyès previous examples = egzanp anvan yo

following fòlòwing the following day = jou apre a

certain sèrtèn certain circumstances = kèk sikonstans byen presi

various vèriyes divès reasons = divès rezon

numerous nyoumèras numerous examples = anpil egzanp

countless kawntless countless possibilities = posiblite san konte

different difèrènt different ideas = lide diferan

same seym the same answer = menm repons lan

17. Mo tankou next ak last

Mo sa yo ka gen sans diferan selon si yo vini avèk the oswa san the.

next week

I will travel next week.

Ay wil travèl nekst wik.

M ap vwayaje semèn pwochèn.

the next week

Sa ka vle di semèn ki vin apre a nan yon kontèks espesifik.

The next week was very busy.

Dhè nekst wik woz vèri bizi.

Semèn ki vin apre a te trè chaje.

Menm prensip la:

last year = ane pase

the last year = dènye ane a / ane ki sot pase a

18. Detèminan konpoze ki bay plis anfaz

Ekspresyon Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

each and every itsh and evri absoliman chak

every single evri singòl chak grenn

each individual itsh individyouòl chak moun apa

any given eni givèn nenpòt youn ki espesifye

a certain a sèrtèn yon bagay oswa yon moun byen presi

one particular wòn partikilèr yon sèl byen presi

the whole dhè hol tout antye a

the entire dhè entayèr tout antye a

the total dhè totòl total la

Egzanp:

Every single student passed.

Evri singòl stoudant past.

Chak grenn elèv te reyisi.

The entire class left.

Dhè entayèr klas left.

Tout klas la te ale.

19. whole ak entire

De mo sa yo gen sans ki prèske menm: tout antye a.

the whole + non

I read the whole book.

Ay red dhè hol buk.

Mwen li tout liv la.

the entire + non

I read the entire book.

Ay red dhi entayèr buk.

Mwen li liv la nèt.

20. Detèminan espesyal pou posesyon ak presizyon

Ekspresyon Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

John's djonz bagay ki pou John

Mary's mèriz bagay ki pou Mary

the man's dhè manz bagay ki pou mesye a

the students' dhè stoudants bagay ki pou elèv yo

Egzanp:

John's car is new.

Djonz kar iz nyou.

Machin John nan nouvo.

John's sèvi pou montre kiyès ki posede bagay la.

21. Lòd detèminan yo

Anjeneral, yo pa mete plizyè detèminan prensipal youn apre lòt san yon estrikti ki kòrèk.

Egzanp:

the three old books

Dhè thri old buks

Twa liv ansyen yo.

Pa kòrèk:

❌ three the books

Lòd ki nòmal la

Detèminan prensipal + kantite / nimewo + adjektif + non

Egzanp:

the two beautiful houses

Dhè tou byoutifòl hawziz

De bèl kay yo.

22. Èske de detèminan ka itilize ansanm?

Pafwa wi, men se pa tout detèminan ki ka vini ansanm.

❌ a the book

Pa di:

❌ a the book

❌ this my book

Nan anglè nòmal, yo pa di:

❌ this my book

Men sa pou di:

this book of mine

Dhis buk ov mayn

Liv sa a se pou mwen.

Men, gen estrikti ki kòrèk tankou:

all my books

Ol may buks

Tout liv mwen yo.

Sa vle di:

all + my + books

Epi:

both my parents

Both may pèèrents

Tou de paran mwen yo.

Epi:

half the money

Haf dhè moni

Mwatye lajan an.

23. Detèminan avèk non ki konte ak non ki pa konte

Non sengilye ki konte

Ou ka itilize:

a/an, the, this, that, my, each, every, either, neither, another

Egzanp:

a book

A buk

Yon liv

this book

Dhis buk

Liv sa a

every book

Evri buk

Chak liv

Non pliryèl ki konte

Ou ka itilize:

the, these, those, my, some, any, many, few, several, both, all, most, more, fewer

Egzanp:

many books

Meni buks

Anpil liv

Non ki pa konte

Ou ka itilize:

the, this, that, my, some, any, much, little, a little, enough, more, less, all, most

Egzanp:

much water

Mòtch wòtèr

Anpil dlo

24. several

several se yon detèminan ki vle di plizyè.

Several students came.

Sèvèròl stoudants keym.

Plizyè elèv te vini.

Siyifikasyon an se apeprè:

Plis pase de, men se pa yon kantite ki twò gwo.

25. certain / various / numerous

Mo Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon Egzanp

certain sèrtèn kèk / byen presi certain people

various vèriyes divès / plizyè kalite various reasons

numerous nyoumèras anpil / anpil anpil numerous examples

countless kawntless san konte countless opportunities

several sèvèròl plizyè several books

different difèrènt diferan different ideas

12- Fraz kondisyonèl (IF CONDITIONAL)

Kalite Fòmil Pwononsyasyon fòmil la an kreyòl Tan / Siyifikasyon

Kondisyonèl zewo If + prezan senp, prezan senp If + prezan, prezan Verite jeneral / abitid

Premye kondisyonèl If + prezan senp, will + vèb debaz V1 If + prezan, wil + vi wòn Pwobabilite nan lavni

Dezyèm kondisyonèl If + pase senp, would + vèb debaz V1 If + pase, woud + vi wòn Ipotèz nan prezan oswa lavni

Twazyèm kondisyonèl If + pase pafè, would have + twazyèm fòm V3 If + pase pafè, woud hav + vi thri Ipotèz sou pase a / yon bagay ki pa t rive

Kondisyonèl melanje 1 If + pase pafè, would + vèb debaz V1 If + pase pafè, woud + vi wòn Pase → prezan

Kondisyonèl melanje 2 If + pase senp, would have + twazyèm fòm V3 If + pase, woud hav + vi thri Prezan → pase

Kalite Fòmil Pwononsyasyon fòmil la Egzanp Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Siyifikasyon

Would Simple would + V1 woud + vi wòn I would eat. Ay woud it. Mwen ta manje.

Would Continuous would be + V-ing woud bi + vi-ing I would be eating. Ay woud bi iting. Mwen t ap manje.

Would Perfect would have + V3 woud hav + vi thri I would have eaten. Ay woud hav itèn. Mwen ta deja manje.

Would Perfect Continuous would have been + V-ing woud hav bin + vi-ing I would have been eating. Ay woud hav bin iting. Mwen t ap gentan ap manje.

Avèk tout pwonon yo

Pwonon Would + V1 Would be + V-ing Would have + V3 Would have been + V-ing

I I would eat. I would be eating. I would have eaten. I would have been eating.

You You would eat. You would be eating. You would have eaten. You would have been eating.

He He would eat. He would be eating. He would have eaten. He would have been eating.

She She would eat. She would be eating. She would have eaten. She would have been eating.

It It would eat. It would be eating. It would have eaten. It would have been eating.

We We would eat. We would be eating. We would have eaten. We would have been eating.

They They would eat. They would be eating. They would have eaten. They would have been eating.

Tout fòm Would Negative – Aktif

Kalite Fòmil Pwononsyasyon fòmil la Egzanp Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Siyifikasyon

Senp ipotetik would not + vèb debaz V1 woud not + vi wòn I would not eat. Ay woud not it. Mwen pa ta manje.

Kontinyèl ipotetik would not be + vèb ki fini an -ing woud not bi + vi-ing I would not be eating. Ay woud not bi iting. Mwen pa t ap manje.

Pafè ipotetik would not have + twazyèm fòm V3 woud not hav + vi thri I would not have eaten. Ay woud not hav itèn. Mwen pa ta manje deja.

Kontinyèl pafè ipotetik would not have been + vèb ki fini an -ing woud not hav bin + vi-ing I would not have been eating. Ay woud not hav bin iting. Mwen pa t ap gentan ap manje.

Tout pwonon yo

Pwonon Would not + V1 Would not be + V-ing Would not have + V3 Would not have been + V-ing

I I would not eat. I would not be eating. I would not have eaten. I would not have been eating.

You You would not eat. You would not be eating. You would not have eaten. You would not have been eating.

He He would not eat. He would not be eating. He would not have eaten. He would not have been eating.

She She would not eat. She would not be eating. She would not have eaten. She would not have been eating.

It It would not eat. It would not be eating. It would not have eaten. It would not have been eating.

We We would not eat. We would not be eating. We would not have eaten. We would not have been eating.

They They would not eat. They would not be eating. They would not have eaten. They would not have been eating.

Fòm kout yo

Fòm konplè Fòm kout Pwononsyasyon

would not + V1 wouldn't + V1 woudnt + vi wòn

would not be + V-ing wouldn't be + V-ing woudnt bi + vi-ing

would not have + V3 wouldn't have + V3 woudnt hav + vi thri

would not have been + V-ing wouldn't have been + V-ing woudnt hav bin + vi-ing

Tout fòm Would Passive

Kalite Fòmil Pwononsyasyon fòmil la Egzanp Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Siyifikasyon

Senp would be + twazyèm fòm V3 woud bi + vi thri The book would be read. Dhè buk woud bi red. Yo ta li liv la.

Kontinyèl would be being + twazyèm fòm V3 woud bi biying + vi thri The book would be being read. Dhè buk woud bi biying red. Yo ta nan pwosesis pou li liv la.

Pafè would have been + twazyèm fòm V3 woud hav bin + vi thri The book would have been read. Dhè buk woud hav bin red. Yo ta deja li liv la.

Kontinyèl pafè would have been being + twazyèm fòm V3 woud hav bin biying + vi thri The book would have been being read. Dhè buk woud hav bin biying red. Yo ta deja ap li liv la pandan yon peryòd.

Avèk tout pwonon yo

Pwonon Would Passive Simple Would Passive Continuous Would Passive Perfect Would Passive Perfect Continuous

I I would be seen. I would be being seen. I would have been seen. I would have been being seen.

You You would be seen. You would be being seen. You would have been seen. You would have been being seen.

He He would be seen. He would be being seen. He would have been seen. He would have been being seen.

She She would be seen. She would be being seen. She would have been seen. She would have been being seen.

It It would be seen. It would be being seen. It would have been seen. It would have been being seen.

We We would be seen. We would be being seen. We would have been seen. We would have been being seen.

They They would be seen. They would be being seen. They would have been seen. They would have been being seen.

Fòm negatif — Would Passive Negative

Kalite Fòmil Egzanp Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Siyifikasyon

Senp would not be + V3 The book would not be read. Dhè buk woud not bi red. Yo pa ta li liv la.

Kontinyèl would not be being + V3 The book would not be being read. Dhè buk woud not bi biying red. Liv la pa t ap nan pwosesis pou yo li l.

Pafè would not have been + V3 The book would not have been read. Dhè buk woud not hav bin red. Yo pa ta deja li liv la.

Kontinyèl pafè would not have been being + V3 The book would not have been being read. Dhè buk woud not hav bin biying red. Yo pa ta deja ap li liv la pandan peryòd sa a.

Mo prensipal pou kondisyon yo

Mo / Ekspresyon Pwononsyasyon an anglè ekri an kreyòl Siyifikasyon an kreyòl Itilizasyon

if if si Mo ki make kondisyon

if not if not si se pa / si pa Negasyon kondisyon an

unless anlès sòf si / si se pa Anjeneral vle di if... not

when wèn lè / lè sa a Kondisyon ki espere oswa ki repete

whenever>wènèvèr chak fwa / nenpòt lè Kondisyon ki repete

even if ivèn if menm si Kondisyon an pa chanje rezilta a

only if onli if sèlman si Kondisyon ki nesesè

if and only if if and onli if si epi sèlman si Kondisyon ki nesesè ak sifizan

as long as az long az toutotan / depi Kondisyon

so long as so long az toutotan / depi Menm sans ak as long as

provided that provaydid dhat depi / sou kondisyon ke Kondisyon fòmèl

providing that provayding dhat depi / sou kondisyon ke Kondisyon

on condition that on kondishòn dhat sou kondisyon ke Kondisyon fòmèl

in case in keys nan ka / si sa rive Prekosyon; li pa toujou vle di if

in the event that in dhi ivènt dhat nan ka kote Kondisyon fòmèl

assuming that asouming dhat sipoze ke Ipotèz

supposing that sopozing dhat sipoze ke Ipotèz

suppose sopoz sipoze / e si Prezante yon ipotèz

what if wòt if e si Kesyon sou yon posibilite

if only if onli si sèlman / ala si Dezi oswa regrè

even though ivèn dho malgre ke Pa yon mak kondisyon; li montre kontrast

whether wèdhèr si / kit De posiblite oswa yon chwa

when wèn lè / kilè

only when onli wèn sèlman lè

13- Konparezon ak Sipèlatif (COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE)

Konparatif kout adjektif + -er + than adjektif + -è + dan taller than tòlè dan

Sipèlatif kout the + adjektif + -est dè + adjektif + -ès the tallest dè tòls

Konparatif long more + adjektif + than mò + adjektif + dan more beautiful than mò byoutifoul dan

Sipèlatif long the most + adjektif dè mòst + adjektif the most beautiful dè mòst byoutifoul

Konparatif enferyorite less + adjektif + than lès + adjektif + dan less expensive than lès ikspensiv dan

Sipèlatif enferyorite the least + adjektif dè list + adjektif the least expensive dè list ikspensiv

Egalite as + adjektif + as az + adjektif + az as tall as az tòl az

Inegalite not as + adjektif + as nòt az + adjektif + az not as tall as nòt az tòl az

Konparezon egalite adjektif + as az + adjektif tall as tòl az

Konparezon negatif not + adjektif + as nòt + adjektif + az not tall as nòt tòl az

Konparatif ranfòse much/far/a lot + konparatif match/far/a lòt + konparatif much better match bètè

Konparatif fèb a little/slightly + konparatif a litòl/slaytli + konparatif slightly better slaytli bètè

Ogmantasyon pwogresif konparatif + and + konparatif konparatif + and + konparatif bigger and bigger bigè and bigè

Relasyon pwopòsyonèl the + konparatif, the + konparatif dè + konparatif, dè + konparatif the more, the better dè mò, dè bètè

Sipèlatif nan yon gwoup the + sipèlatif + in/of dè + sipèlatif + in/of the best in the class dè bès in dè klas

Youn nan pi bon yo one of the + sipèlatif + non pliryèl wàn ov dè + sipèlatif + non pliryèl one of the best students wàn ov dè bès stoudènts

Sipèlatif ki pi fò by far + the + sipèlatif bay far + dè sipèlatif by far the best bay far dè bès

Konparezon aksyon vèb + more/less vèb + mò/lès work more wòk mò

Konparezon non ki konte more/fewer + non pliryèl mò/fyouè + non pliryèl more books / fewer books mò buks / fyuè buks

Konparezon non ki pa konte more/less + non ki pa konte mò/lès + non ki pa konte more water / less water mò wòtè / lès wòtè

Konparezon kantite lajan more/less + non mò/lès + non more money mò mani

Konparezon kantite moun more/fewer + non pliryèl mò/fyouè + non pliryèl more people mò pipòl

De fwa kantite a twice as much as tways az match az twice as much money tways az match mani

De fwa kantite bagay ki konte twice as many as tways az meni az twice as many books tways az meni buks

I am as tall as him — Mwen menm wotè avè l. — ay am az tòl az him

Ki lè pou nou itilize -er, epi ki lè pou nou itilize more?

Règ sa yo enpòtan anpil.

Kategori Règ Egzanp Pwononsyasyon Siyifikasyon

Adjektif kout, anjeneral yon silab -er taller tòlè pi wo

Adjektif kout, anjeneral yon silab -er smaller smòlè pi piti

Adjektif ki fini ak -y -er, chanje y an i happier hapiè pi kontan

Adjektif ki fini ak -e -r larger lajè pi gwo

Adjektif long, anjeneral de silab oswa plis more more beautiful mò byoutifoul pi bèl

Adjektif long more more expensive mò ikspensiv pi chè

Adjektif long more more interesting mò intèresting pi enteresan

15- Fraz Relatif (RELATIVE CLAUSES)

Kalite Estrikti oswa mo yo itilize Pwononsyasyon estrikti a Egzanp Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Siyifikasyon

Fraz relatif defini who / whom / whose / which / that / where / when / why hou / houm / houz / wich / dat / wèr / wèn / way The man who lives here is my teacher. dè man hou livz hir iz may tichè Gason ki rete isit la a se pwofesè mwen.

Fraz relatif ki pa defini who / whom / whose / which / where / when hou / houm / houz / wich / wèr / wèn My brother, who lives in London, is a doctor. may bradè, hou livz in Landòn, iz a doktè Frè mwen an, ki rete nan Lond, se yon doktè.

Fraz relatif kote pwonon an se sijè a who/which/that + vèb hou/wich/dat + vèb The woman who works here is friendly. dè wouman hou wòks hir iz frendli Fanm ki travay isit la a janti.

Fraz relatif kote pwonon an se objè a who/whom/which/that + sijè + vèb hou/houm/wich/dat + sijè + vèb The man whom I met was kind. dè man houm ay mèt wòz kaynd Gason mwen te rankontre a te janti.

Fraz relatif kote pwonon an omèt non + sijè + vèb non + sijè + vèb The book I bought is interesting. dè buk ay bòt iz intèresting Liv mwen te achte a enteresan.

Fraz relatif ki montre posesyon whose + non houz + non The girl whose father is a doctor is my friend. dè gèrl houz fadè iz a doktè iz may frend Tifi papa li se doktè a se zanmi mwen.

Fraz relatif ki montre kote where + fraz wèr + fraz This is the house where I grew up. dis iz dè hawz wèr ay grou ap Sa a se kay kote mwen te grandi.

Fraz relatif ki montre tan when + fraz wèn + fraz I remember the day when we met. ay rimembè dè dey wèn wi mèt Mwen sonje jou nou te rankontre a.

Fraz relatif ki montre rezon why + fraz way + fraz I know the reason why he left. ay nò dè rizòn way hi left Mwen konnen rezon ki fè li te ale a.

Fraz relatif avèk prepozisyon prepozisyon + whom/which prepozisyon + houm/wich The person to whom I spoke was helpful. dè pèrsòn tou houm ay spouk wòz helpfoul Moun mwen te pale avè l la te ede m anpil.

Fraz relatif kout ak V-ing non + V-ing non + vi-ing The man standing there is my brother. dè man standing dèr iz may bradè Gason ki kanpe la a se frè mwen.

Fraz relatif kout ak V3 non + V3 non + vi tri The documents signed yesterday are important. dè dokyouments saynd yèstèdey ar impòtent Dokiman ki te siyen yè yo enpòtan.

Fraz relatif ak enfinitif non + to + V1 non + tou + vi wàn She was the first person to arrive. shi wòz dè fèrst pèrsòn tou arayv Li te premye moun ki te rive.

Fraz relatif jeneral whoever / whatever / whichever / wherever / whenever / however houevè / wotevè / wichèvè / wèrèvè / wenèvè / hawevè Take whatever you want. teyk wotevè you wont Pran nenpòt sa ou vle.

Fraz relatif ki ajoute yon kòmantè , which + fraz wich + fraz He missed the bus, which made him late. hi mist dè bas, wich meyd him leyt Li rate bis la, sa ki fè li anreta.

Fraz relatif nominal what / whatever / whoever / whichever wòt / wotevè / houevè / wichèvè I know what you mean. ay nò wòt you min Mwen konnen sa ou vle di.

Fraz relatif ki gen yon lòt fraz relatif ladan l fraz relatif + fraz relatif fraz relatif anndan yon lòt fraz relatif The man who lives in the house that I bought is my neighbor. dè man hou livz in dè hawz dat ay bòt iz may ney bò Gason ki rete nan kay mwen te achte a se vwazen mwen.

16- Diskou Rapòte ak Diskou Dirèk (REPORTED SPEECH AND DIRECT SPEECH)

Kalite Estrikti Pwononsyasyon estrikti a Egzanp dirèk Diskou rapòte Siyifikasyon

Fraz deklaratif pozitif said (that) + fraz sed (dat) + fraz He said, “I am tired.” He said (that) he was tired. Li te di li te fatige.

Fraz deklaratif negatif said (that) + sijè + not + vèb sed (dat) + sijè + nòt + vèb He said, “I am not tired.” He said that he was not tired. Li te di li pa t fatige.

Kesyon wi/non asked if/whether + fraz as k t if/wedè + fraz He asked, “Are you ready?” He asked if I was ready. Li te mande si mwen te pare.

Kesyon ki kòmanse ak mo entèwogatif asked + mo kesyon + fraz as k t + mo kesyon + fraz He asked, “Where do you live?” He asked where I lived. Li te mande kote mwen te rete.

Enstriksyon pozitif told + objè + to + V1 told + objè + tou + vi wàn He said, “Open the door.” He told me to open the door. Li te di m pou m ouvri pòt la.

Enstriksyon negatif told + objè + not to + V1 told + objè + nòt tou + vi wàn He said, “Do not open the door.” He told me not to open the door. Li te di m pou m pa ouvri pòt la.

Demann pozitif asked + objè + to + V1 asked + objè + tou + vi wàn She said, “Please help me.” She asked me to help her. Li te mande m pou m ede l.

Demann negatif asked + objè + not to + V1 asked + objè + nòt tou + vi wàn She said, “Please don't leave.” She asked me not to leave. Li te mande m pou m pa ale.

Konsèy pozitif advised + objè + to + V1 ad vayzd + objè + tou + vi wàn He said, “Study harder.” He advised me to study harder. Li te konseye m pou m etidye pi plis.

Konsèy negatif advised + objè + not to + V1 ad vayzd + objè + nòt tou + vi wàn He said, “Don't drive fast.” He advised me not to drive fast. Li te konseye m pou m pa kondi vit.

Sijesyon suggested + V-ing sèdjèstid + vi-ing He said, “Let's go.” He suggested going. Li te sijere pou nou ale.

Sijesyon avèk that suggested that + sijè + should + V1 sèdjèstid dat + sijè + shoud + vi wàn He said, “Let's go.” He suggested that we should go. Li te sijere pou nou ale.

Pwomès promised + to + V1 promist + tou + vi wàn He said, “I will help you.” He promised to help me. Li te pwomèt pou l ede m.

Refi refused + to + V1 refyuzd + tou + vi wàn He said, “I won't go.” He refused to go. Li te refize ale.

Of promès èd offered + to + V1 ofèd + tou + vi wàn He said, “I will help you.” He offered to help me. Li te ofri pou l ede m.

Avètisman pozitif warned + objè + to + V1 wòrnd + objè + tou + vi wàn He said, “Be careful.” He warned me to be careful. Li te avèti m pou m fè atansyon.

Avètisman negatif warned + objè + not to + V1 wòrnd + objè + nòt tou + vi wàn He said, “Don't touch it.” He warned me not to touch it. Li te avèti m pou m pa manyen li.

Eskiz apologized for + V-ing apòlòdjayzd for + vi-ing He said, “I'm sorry I lied.” He apologized for lying. Li te mande eskiz paske li te bay manti.

Admisyon admitted + V-ing admitid + vi-ing He said, “I broke it.” He admitted breaking it. Li te admèt li te kase l.

Refi yon akizasyon denied + V-ing dinayd + vi-ing He said, “I didn't break it.” He denied breaking it. Li te nye li te kase l.

Akizasyon accused + objè + of + V-ing akyuzd + objè + ov + vi-ing He said, “You stole it.” He accused me of stealing it. Li te akize m kòmkwa mwen te vòlè l.

Blam blamed + objè + for + V-ing bleymd + objè + for + vi-ing He said, “You caused the problem.” He blamed me for causing the problem. Li te blame m paske mwen te lakòz pwoblèm nan.

Felisitasyon congratulated + objè + on + V-ing/non kongratyouleytid + objè + on + vi-ing/non He said, “Congratulations!” He congratulated me on winning. Li te felisite m paske mwen te genyen.

Chanjman tan nan Reported Speech

Lè nou rapòte sa yon moun te di, anjeneral tan vèb la deplase yon etap nan direksyon pase. Yo rele sa Backshift.

Diskou dirèk Diskou rapòte Pwononsyasyon non tan an

Present Simple Past Simple past senp

Present Continuous Past Continuous past kontinyèl

Present Perfect Past Perfect past pafè

Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous past pafè kontinyèl

Past Simple Past Perfect past pafè

Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous past pafè kontinyèl

Past Perfect Past Perfect past pafè

will + V1 would + V1 woud + vi wàn

will be + V-ing would be + V-ing woud bi + vi-ing

will have + V3 would have + V3 woud hav + vi tri

can + V1 could + V1 koud + vi wàn

may + V1 might + V1 mayt + vi wàn

must + V1 had to + V1 had tou + vi wàn

3. Egzanp Backshift

Diskou dirèk Diskou rapòte Siyifikasyon

He said, “I work here.” He said that he worked there. Li te di li t ap travay la.

He said, “I am working.” He said that he was working. Li te di li t ap travay.

He said, “I have finished.” He said that he had finished. Li te di li te fin travay la.

He said, “I finished.” He said that he had finished. Li te di li te fini.

He said, “I was sleeping.” He said that he had been sleeping. Li te di li te ap dòmi.

He said, “I will come.” He said that he would come. Li te di li t ap vini.

He said, “I can swim.” He said that he could swim. Li te di li te kapab naje.

He said, “I may come.” He said that he might come. Li te di petèt li t ap vini.

4. Chanjman pwonon

Diskou dirèk Diskou rapòte

I he / she

me him / her

my his / her

mine his / hers

we they

us them

our their

ours theirs

you I / we / he / she / they — selon kontèks la

your my / our / his / her / their — selon kontèks la

Egzanp:

Direct: She said, “I love my house.”

Reported: She said that she loved her house.

Pwononsyasyon: Shi sed dat shi lovd hèr hawz.

Siyifikasyon: Li te di li renmen kay li.

5. Chanjman mo ki gen rapò ak tan ak kote

Diskou dirèk Diskou rapòte

now then

today that day

tonight that night

yesterday the day before / the previous day

tomorrow the next day / the following day

last week the previous week

next week the following week

ago before

here there

this that

these those

17- Enfinitif ak Non Vèbal (INFINITIVES AND VERBAL NOUNS)

Kalite Tèm anglè Pwononsyasyon an anglè Estrikti Pwononsyasyon estrikti a Siyifikasyon/itilizasyon

Enfinitif avèk to to-infinitive tou-infin tiv to + V1 tou + vi wàn Fòm vèb ki sèvi pou eksprime yon aksyon

Enfinitif san to bare infinitive bèr infinitiv V1 vi wàn Vèb nan fòm debaz li san to

Fòm -ing ki sèvi kòm non gerund djèrènd V-ing vi-ing Aksyon an oswa aktivite a

Enfinitif pase perfect infinitive pèfèkt infinitiv to have + V3 tou hav + vi tri Aksyon ki te deja fèt

Enfinitif kontinyèl continuous infinitive kontinyous infinitiv to be + V-ing tou bi + vi-ing Aksyon k ap fèt

Enfinitif pafè kontinyèl perfect continuous infinitive pèfèkt kontinyous infinitiv to have been + V-ing tou hav bin + vi-ing Aksyon ki te kontinye pandan yon peryòd

Enfinitif pasif passive infinitive pasiv infinitiv to be + V3 tou bi + vi tri Aksyon ki fèt sou sijè a

Enfinitif pasif pafè perfect passive infinitive pèfèkt pasiv infinitiv to have been + V3 tou hav bin + vi tri Aksyon ki te deja fèt sou sijè a

# Kalite Estrikti Pwononsyasyon estrikti a Egzanp Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Siyifikasyon

1 Adjective + V-ing sijè + be + adjektif + V-ing sijè + bi + adjektif + vi-ing I am happy seeing you. ay am hapi si-ing you Mwen kontan wè ou.

2 Adjective + to-infinitive sijè + be + adjektif + to + V1 sijè + bi + adjektif + tou + vi wàn I am happy to see you. ay am hapi tou si you Mwen kontan wè ou.

3 Verb + to-infinitive sijè + plan + to + V1 sijè + plan + tou + vi wàn I plan to eat. ay plan tou it Mwen planifye manje.

4 Verb + V-ing sijè + plan + V-ing sijè + plan + vi-ing I plan eating. ay plan iting Mwen planifye manje, men fòm sa a pa natirèl anjeneral nan sans sa a.

5 Perception verb + object + V1 sijè + see + objè + V1 sijè + si + objè + vi wàn I see him run. ay si him ran Mwen wè l ap kouri.

6 Perception verb + object + V-ing sijè + see + objè + V-ing sijè + si + objè + vi-ing I see him running. ay si him raning Mwen wè l pandan l ap kouri.

7 Purpose + to-infinitive sijè + vèb + to + V1 sijè + vèb + tou + vi wàn I eat to play. ay it tou pley Mwen manje pou m jwe.

8 Purpose + in order to sijè + vèb + in order to + V1 sijè + vèb + in òrdè tou + vi wàn I eat in order to play. ay it in òrdè tou pley Mwen manje pou m kapab jwe.

18- Mòd Sibjonktif (SUBJUNCTIVE)

Kalite Estrikti Pwononsyasyon estrikti a Egzanp Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Siyifikasyon

1 Present Subjunctive sijè + that + vèb nan fòm debaz V1 sijè + dat + vèb nan fòm debaz vi wàn I suggest that he go. ay sèdjèst dat hi go Mwen sijere pou li ale.

2 Negative Present Subjunctive sijè + that + not + vèb nan fòm debaz V1 sijè + dat + nòt + vèb nan fòm debaz vi wàn I suggest that he not go. ay sèdjèst dat hi nòt go Mwen sijere pou li pa ale.

3 Be Subjunctive sijè + that + be + adjektif/non sijè + dat + bi + adjektif/non It is important that he be ready. it iz impòtent dat hi bi rèdi Li enpòtan pou li pare.

4 After demand/recommendation sijè + that + sijè + V1 sijè + dat + sijè + vi wàn They demanded that she leave. dèy dimandid dat shi liv Yo te mande pou li ale.

5 After insist sijè + that + sijè + V1 sijè + dat + sijè + vi wàn I insist that he stay. ay insist dat hi stey Mwen ensiste pou li rete.

6 After require sijè + that + sijè + V1 sijè + dat + sijè + vi wàn The law requires that everyone be present. dè lo rikwayèz dat evriwàn bi prezènt Lalwa egzije pou tout moun prezan.

7 Were Subjunctive If + sijè + were + ... if + sijè + wèr + ... If I were you, I would wait. if ay wèr you, ay woud weyt Si mwen te nan plas ou, mwen t ap tann.

8 Wish + were sijè + wish + sijè + were + ... sijè + wish + sijè + wèr + ... I wish I were taller. ay wish ay wèr tòlè Mwen ta renmen mwen te pi wo.

9 Formal hypothetical inversion Were + sijè + ... wèr + sijè + ... Were I you, I would wait. wèr ay you, ay woud weyt Si mwen te nan plas ou, mwen t ap tann.

10 Fixed/formal expression God/Heaven + V1 gad/hevèn + vi wàn God save the King. gad seyv dè king Se pou Bondye pwoteje wa a.

19- Kesyon Tag (TAG QUESTIONS)

Kalite Estrikti Pwononsyasyon estrikti a Egzanp konplè Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Siyifikasyon

Tag Question — Pozitif fraz pozitif + oksilyè negatif + sijè? fraz pozitif + oksilyè negatif + sijè? You are ready, aren't you? you ar rèdi, arnt you? Ou pare, pa vre?

Tag Question — Negatif fraz negatif + oksilyè pozitif + sijè? fraz negatif + oksilyè pozitif + sijè? You aren't ready, are you? you arnt rèdi, ar you? Ou pa pare, pa vre?

Present Simple fraz + don't/doesn't + sijè? fraz + dont/duznt + sijè? She works here, doesn't she? shi wòks hir, duznt shi? Li travay isit la, pa vre?

Past Simple fraz + didn't/did + sijè? fraz + didnt/did + sijè? You saw him, didn't you? you so him, didnt you? Ou te wè l, pa vre?

Be fraz + isn't/aren't/wasn't/weren't + sijè? fraz + iznt/arnt/wòznt/wèrnt + sijè? He is here, isn't he? hi iz hir, iznt hi? Li la, pa vre?

Present Continuous fraz + isn't/aren't + sijè? fraz + iznt/arnt + sijè? She is working, isn't she? shi iz wòrking, iznt shi? Li ap travay, pa vre?

Present Perfect fraz + hasn't/haven't + sijè? fraz + haznt/havnt + sijè? They have finished, haven't they? dèy hav finisht, havnt dèy? Yo fini, pa vre?

Past Perfect fraz + hadn't + sijè? fraz + hadnt + sijè? He had left, hadn't he? hi had left, hadnt hi? Li te deja ale, pa vre?

Future — will fraz + won't + sijè? fraz + wont + sijè? You will come, won't you? you wil kam, wont you? Ou pral vini, pa vre?

Modal fraz + modal negatif + sijè? fraz + modal negatif + sijè? He can swim, can't he? hi kan swim, kant hi? Li kapab naje, pa vre?

Let's Let's + V1, shall we? lets + vi wàn, shal wi? Let's go, shall we? lets go, shal wi? Ann ale, dakò?

Imperative V1 + will you? vi wàn + wil you? Open the door, will you? oupèn dè dò, wil you? Ouvri pòt la, tanpri.

Negative Question — Present Simple Don't/Doesn't + sijè + V1? dont/duznt + sijè + vi wàn? Don't you like coffee? dont you layk kofi? Èske ou pa renmen kafe?

Negative Question — Past Simple Didn't + sijè + V1? didnt + sijè + vi wàn? Didn't you see him? didnt you si him? Èske ou pa t wè l?

Negative Question — Be Isn't/Aren't/Wasn't/Weren't + sijè...? iznt/arnt/wòznt/wèrnt + sijè? Isn't he ready? iznt hi rèdi? Èske li pa pare?

Negative Question — Continuous Isn't/Aren't + sijè + V-ing? iznt/arnt + sijè + vi-ing? Isn't she working? iznt shi wòrking? Èske li pa ap travay?

Negative Question — Perfect Haven't/Hasn't + sijè + V3? havnt/haznt + sijè + vi tri? Haven't you finished? havnt you finisht? Èske ou poko fini?

Negative Question — Future Won't + sijè + V1? wont + sijè + vi wàn? Won't you come with us? wont you kam wid as? Èske ou pap vini avèk nou?

Negative Question — Modal modal negatif + sijè + V1? modal negatif + sijè + vi wàn? Can't you help me? kant you help mi? Èske ou pa kapab ede m?

Full Negative Question oksilyè + sijè + not + V1...? oksilyè + sijè + nòt + vi wàn? Do you not know? du you nòt nò? Èske ou pa konnen?

I am — Tag I am + ..., aren't I? ay am + ..., arnt ay? I am right, aren't I? ay am rayt, arnt ay? Mwen gen rezon, pa vre?

Règ debaz

Règ Egzanp

Fraz pozitif → Tag negatif You like it, don't you?

Fraz negatif → Tag pozitif You don't like it, do you?

Negative Question = kesyon negatif Don't you like it?

Tag Question = fraz + ti kesyon nan fen an You like it, don't you?

Si gen yon oksilyè nan fraz la, sèvi avè l nan Tag la She is working, isn't she?

Si pa gen oksilyè nan Present/Past Simple, sèvi ak do/does/did He works, doesn't he?

Nan kesyon negatif, vèb prensipal la rete nan fòm V1 apre do/does/did Didn't you go? Se pa: Didn't you went?

Repons Yes/No dwe koresponn ak reyalite a Don't you like coffee? → Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

20- Mo akayal yo akayal modal (MODAL WORDS)

Modal Transkripsyon pwononsyasyon an Definisyon Egzanp Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Tradiksyon

can kan Kapasite / kapab I can swim. Ay kan swìm. Mwen kapab naje.

could koud Kapasite nan tan pase / posiblite I could swim when I was five. Ay koud swìm wèn ay waz fayv. Mwen te kapab naje lè m te gen senk an.

may mey Pèmisyon / posiblite It may rain. It mey reyn. Li ka fè lapli.

might mayt Petèt / posiblite It might rain. It mayt reyn. Petèt lapli ap tonbe.

must mast Obligasyon / nesesite You must leave. You mast liv. Ou dwe ale.

shall shal Avni / sijesyon / kesyon pou pwopoze yon aksyon Shall we go? Shal wi gow? Èske nou ta dwe ale?

should shoud Konsèy / sa ki ta dwe fèt You should rest. You shoud rest. Ou ta dwe repoze.

will wil Avni / volonte I will help you. Ay wil help you. M ap ede w.

would woud Avni nan tan pase / kondisyon / demann politès I would help you. Ay woud help you. Mwen ta ede w.

ought to òt tou Konsèy / obligasyon moral You ought to study. You òt tou stadi. Ou ta dwe etidye.

Règ la

Apre yon modal nòmal, nou itilize V1 (fòm debaz vèb la):

modal + V1

Egzanp:

She can speak English.

Shi kan spik Inglish.

Li kapab pale anglè.

Pa kòrèk:

❌ She can speaks.

2. Sans modal yo selon fonksyon yo

Fonksyon Modal words / expressions Definisyon

Ability — Kapasite can, could, be able to Kapasite pou fè yon bagay

Possibility — Posiblite can, could, may, might, might possibly Ka rive / petèt

Permission — Pèmisyon can, could, may, might Gen pèmisyon pou fè yon bagay

Request — Demann can, could, will, would, may Èske ou kapab...? / Èske ou ta ka...?

Advice — Konsèy should, ought to, had better Ou ta dwe / li ta pi bon

Obligation — Obligasyon must, have to, have got to, need to Dwe / oblije

Necessity — Nesesite must, have to, need to Dwe / nesesè

Prohibition — Entèdiksyon must not, cannot/can't, may not Pa dwe / pa gen pèmisyon

Expectation — Atant should, ought to, be supposed to Yo atann sa / sa ta dwe fèt

Prediction — Prediksyon will, shall, should, ought to Pral / ta dwe rive

Willingness — Volonte will, would Vle / dispoze fè yon bagay

Refusal — Refiz will not, won't, would not, wouldn't Refize / pap fè

Habit — Abitid would, will Te konn fè / konn fè

Hypothetical — Ipotetik would, could, might Ta fè / ta ka rive

Deduction — Dediksyon must, can't, couldn't, may, might Dwe se sa / sa pa ka konsa / petèt

Regret — Regrè should have, ought to have, could have, would have Ta dwe te fè / te ka fè

Past possibility posiblite nan tan pase may have, might have, could have Petèt sa te rive

Past deduction dediksyon sou tan pase must have, can't have, couldn't have Dwe sa te rive / sa pa t ka rive

3. Semi-modals — Vèb ki sanble ak modal

Sa yo pa modal santral, men yo gen fonksyon ki sanble ak modal yo.

Modal expression Pwononsyasyon Definisyon Egzanp Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Tradiksyon

have to hav tou Dwe / oblije I have to go. Ay hav tou gow. Mwen dwe ale.

has to haz tou Dwe / oblije She has to work. Shi haz tou wòk. Li dwe travay.

had to had tou Te dwe / te oblije I had to leave. Ay had tou liv. Mwen te oblije ale.

have got to hav gat tou Dwe / oblije I have got to go. Ay hav gat tou gow. Mwen dwe ale.

has got to haz gat tou Dwe / oblije He has got to leave. Hi haz gat tou liv. Li dwe ale.

had better had betè Li ta pi bon pou You had better go. You had betè gow. Li ta pi bon pou ou ale.

be able to bi eybòl tou Kapab fè yon bagay She is able to swim. Shi iz eybòl tou swìm. Li kapab naje.

be unable to bi aneybòl tou Pa kapab fè yon bagay He is unable to walk. Hi iz aneybòl tou wòk. Li pa kapab mache.

be allowed to bi alawd tou Gen pèmisyon pou We are allowed to leave. Wi ar alawd tou liv. Yo pèmèt nou ale.

be permitted to bi pèmited tou Gen pèmisyon pou You are permitted to enter. You ar pèmited tou entè. Yo pèmèt ou antre.

be supposed to bi sipozd tou Yo atann pou / ta dwe You are supposed to wait. You ar sipozd tou weyt. Ou sipoze tann.

be required to bi rikwayèrd tou Obligatwa pou You are required to sign. You ar rikwayèrd tou sayn. Ou oblije siyen.

be expected to bi ekspekted tou Yo atann pou They are expected to arrive. Dey ar ekspekted tou arayv. Yo sipoze rive.

be willing to bi wiling tou Dispoze pou I am willing to help. Ay am wiling tou help. Mwen dispoze ede.

be unwilling to bi anwiling tou Pa dispoze pou He is unwilling to cooperate. Hi iz anwiling tou kowopereyt. Li pa dispoze kolabore.

be likely to bi laykli tou Gen anpil chans pou She is likely to win. Shi iz laykli tou win. Li gen anpil chans pou l genyen.

be unlikely to bi anlaykli tou Pa gen anpil chans pou He is unlikely to come. Hi iz anlaykli tou kam. Li pa gen anpil chans pou l vini.

4. Need — Itilizasyon ki sanble ak modal

Need ka sèvi pou eksprime nesesite.

Need kòm modal

Need I go?

Nid ay gow?

Èske mwen bezwen ale?

You needn't worry.

You nidnt wòri.

Ou pa bezwen enkyete w.

Need kòm vèb prensipal

I need to go.

Ay nid tou gow.

Mwen bezwen ale.

Fòm Pwononsyasyon Definisyon

need nid Bezwen

needn't nidnt Pa bezwen

need to nid tou Bezwen fè yon bagay

don't need to downt nid tou Pa bezwen fè yon bagay

didn't need to didnt nid tou Pa t bezwen fè yon bagay

5. Dare — Itilizasyon ki sanble ak modal

Dare vle di oze; li ka sèvi kòm vèb prensipal oswa kòm yon vèb ki sanble ak modal.

Dare I ask?

Dè ay ask?

Èske mwen oze poze kesyon an?

How dare you!

Haw dè you!

Kijan ou oze!

Fòm Pwononsyasyon Definisyon

dare dè Oze

daren't dèrnt Pa oze

dare not dè not Pa oze

don't dare downt dè Pa oze

6. Used to — Abitid nan tan pase

Used to pa yon modal santral, men se yon konstriksyon ki sanble ak modal.

I used to live there.

Ay youst tou liv der.

Mwen te konn abite la.

Definisyon:

used to + V1

= Yon aksyon oswa yon sitiyasyon ki te konn egziste nan tan pase, men ki pa nesesèman kontinye kounye a.

7. Be going to

Nou itilize be going to pou pale sou plan nan lavni oswa pou fè prediksyon ki baze sou siy nou wè.

I am going to study.

Ay am gowin tou stadi.

Mwen pral etidye.

It is going to rain.

It iz gowin tou reyn.

Lapli pral tonbe.

8. Modal expressions pou eksprime posiblite

Sa yo pa tout vèb modal; yo se ekspresyon ki sèvi pou montre nivo posiblite.

Ekspresyon Pwononsyasyon Definisyon

perhaps pèhaps Petèt

maybe meybi Petèt

possibly posibli Petèt / li posib

probably probabli Gen anpil chans

likely laykli Gen chans

unlikely anlaykli Pa gen anpil chans

certainly sèrtènli Sètènman

definitely definitli San dout

surely shurli Sètènman / san dout

apparently apèranli Aparamman

presumably prizumabli Sipozeman / dapre sa nou panse

conceivably konsivabli Li posib pou nou imajine sa

arguably argyoubli Yo kapab defann lide sa a

necessarily nesesèrli Nesesèman

not necessarily not nesesèrli Pa nesesèman

Egzanp:

She will probably come.

Shi wil probabli kam.

Li gen anpil chans pou l vini.

9. Ekspresyon nesesite

Ekspresyon Pwononsyasyon Definisyon

must mast Dwe / oblije

have to hav tou Dwe / oblije

have got to hav gat tou Dwe / oblije

need to nid tou Bezwen / dwe

be required to bi rikwayèrd tou Obligatwa pou

be obliged to bi oblajd tou Oblije

be compelled to bi kompeld tou Oblije / fòse

be forced to bi fòrst tou Fòse

be necessary to bi nesesèri tou Nesesè pou

be essential to bi esenshòl tou Endispansab pou

10. Ekspresyon konsèy

Ekspresyon Pwononsyasyon Definisyon

should shoud Ta dwe

ought to òt tou Ta dwe

had better had betè Li ta pi bon pou

might want to mayt wont tou Petèt ou ta renmen / li ta pi bon pou

could koud Ou ta ka / petèt li ta pi bon

be advised to bi advayzd tou Yo konseye pou

it would be wise to it woud bi wayz tou Li ta saj pou

it would be better to it woud bi betè tou Li ta pi bon pou

Egzanp:

You might want to check again.

You mayt wont tou chek agen.

Li ta ka bon pou ou verifye ankò.

11. Ekspresyon pèmisyon

Ekspresyon Pwononsyasyon Definisyon

can kan Kapab / gen pèmisyon

could koud Èske mwen ta ka...? / èske ou ta ka...?

may mey Gen pèmisyon / kapab

might mayt Èske mwen ta ka...? (fòm ki pi fòmèl)

be allowed to bi alawd tou Gen pèmisyon pou

be permitted to bi pèmited tou Gen pèmisyon pou

be authorized to bi òthorayzd tou Gen otorizasyon pou

be entitled to bi entaytld tou Gen dwa pou

12. Ekspresyon kapasite

Ekspresyon Pwononsyasyon Definisyon

can kan Kapab

could koud Te kapab

be able to bi eybòl tou Kapab fè yon bagay

be capable of bi keypabòl ov Kapab fè yon bagay

manage to manaj tou Reyisi fè yon bagay

succeed in saksid in Reyisi nan

Egzanp:

She was able to solve the problem.

Shi waz eybòl tou solv dhe problèm.

Li te rive rezoud pwoblèm nan.

13. Ekspresyon atant

Ekspresyon Pwononsyasyon Definisyon

should shoud Ta dwe rive / sa yo atann

ought to òt tou Ta dwe

be supposed to bi sipozd tou Sipoze

be expected to bi ekspekted tou Yo atann pou

be due to bi dyou tou Prevwa pou

be scheduled to bi skedjould tou Planifye pou

Egzanp:

The train is due to arrive at six.

Dhe treyn iz dyou tou arayv at siks.

Yo prevwa tren an rive a sisè.

14. Ekspresyon volonte

Ekspresyon Pwononsyasyon Definisyon

will wil Pral / dispoze

would woud Ta vle / ta dispoze

be willing to bi wiling tou Dispoze pou

be happy to bi hapi tou Kontan pou / dispoze pou

be prepared to bi pripèrd tou Prepare pou

be ready to bi redi tou Pare pou

15. Ekspresyon refi

Ekspresyon Pwononsyasyon Definisyon

will not / won't wil not / wont Pap fè / refize

would not / wouldn't woud not / woudnt Pa t ap fè / pa t vle fè

refuse to rifyouz tou Refize fè yon bagay

decline to diklayn tou Refize / pa aksepte

be unwilling to bi anwiling tou Pa dispoze fè yon bagay

16. Konstriksyon modal nan tan pase

Konstriksyon sa yo itilize modal pou pale sou aksyon ki gen rapò ak tan pase.

Konstriksyon Pwononsyasyon Definisyon

could have + V3 koud hav + vi thri Te ka fè

may have + V3 mey hav + vi thri Petèt sa te rive

might have + V3 mayt hav + vi thri Petèt sa te rive

must have + V3 mast hav + vi thri Dwe sa te rive

can't have + V3 kan't hav + vi thri Sa pa ka te rive

couldn't have + V3 koudnt hav + vi thri Sa pa t ka rive

should have + V3 shoud hav + vi thri Ta dwe te fè

ought to have + V3 òt tou hav + vi thri Ta dwe te fè

would have + V3 woud hav + vi thri Ta fè

needn't have + V3 nidnt hav + vi thri Pa t nesesè pou fè sa

Egzanp:

You should have called me.

You shoud hav kold mi.

Ou ta dwe te rele m.

17. Modal + fòm pwogresif

Yon modal ka vini anvan be + vèb ki fini ak -ing:

modal + be + verb-ing

Konstriksyon Egzanp Pwononsyasyon Definisyon

can be + verb-ing He can be working. Hi kan bi wòrking. Li ka ap travay.

could be + verb-ing He could be working. Hi koud bi wòrking. Petèt li ap travay.

may be + verb-ing He may be working. Hi mey bi wòrking. Petèt li ap travay.

might be + verb-ing He might be working. Hi mayt bi wòrking. Petèt li ap travay.

must be + verb-ing He must be working. Hi mast bi wòrking. Li dwe ap travay.

should be + verb-ing He should be working. Hi shoud bi wòrking. Li ta dwe ap travay.

will be + verb-ing He will be working. Hi wil bi wòrking. L ap travay.

would be + verb-ing He would be working. Hi woud bi wòrking. Li ta ap travay.

18. Modal + fòm pafè pwogresif

modal + have been + verb-ing

Egzanp:

She may have been working.

Shi mey hav bin wòrking.

Petèt li t ap travay.

Konstriksyon Definisyon

could have been + verb-ing Petèt li t ap fè sa

may have been + verb-ing Petèt li t ap fè sa

might have been + verb-ing Petèt li t ap fè sa

must have been + verb-ing Li dwe t ap fè sa

should have been + verb-ing Li ta dwe te ap fè sa

would have been + verb-ing Li ta t ap fè sa

19. Modal + vwa pasif

modal + be + V3

Egzanp:

The work must be finished.

Dhe wòk mast bi finisht.

Travay la dwe fini.

Konstriksyon Egzanp

can be + V3 It can be done.

could be + V3 It could be done.

may be + V3 It may be done.

might be + V3 It might be done.

must be + V3 It must be done.

should be + V3 It should be done.

will be + V3 It will be done.

would be + V3 It would be done.

20. Modal + vwa pasif pafè

modal + have been + V3

Egzanp:

It should have been done.

It shoud hav bin dan.

Sa ta dwe te fèt.

Konstriksyon Definisyon

could have been + V3 Te ka fèt

may have been + V3 Petèt sa te fèt

might have been + V3 Petèt sa te fèt

must have been + V3 Dwe sa te fèt

should have been + V3 Sa ta dwe te fèt

would have been + V3 Sa t ap fèt

21- THERE IS / HAVE / BE

Kalite Estrikti Pwononsyasyon estrikti a Egzanp konplè Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Tradiksyon

Sengilye — afimatif There is + non sengilye Dher iz + noun There is a book on the table. Dher iz a buk on dhe teybol. Gen yon liv sou tab la.

Pliryèl — afimatif There are + non pliryèl Dher ar + noun There are two books on the table. Dher ar tou buks on dhe teybol. Gen de liv sou tab la.

Non ki pa konte There is + non ki pa konte Dher iz + ankawntabòl noun There is some water in the bottle. Dher iz sam wòtè in dhe bòtòl. Gen yon ti dlo nan boutèy la.

Sengilye — negatif There isn't + non sengilye Dher iznt + noun There isn't a book here. Dher iznt a buk hir. Pa gen liv isit la.

Pliryèl — negatif There aren't + non pliryèl Dher arnt + noun There aren't any books here. Dher arnt eni buks hir. Pa gen okenn liv isit la.

Kesyon — sengilye Is there + non sengilye...? Iz dher + noun? Is there a problem? Iz dher a problèm? Èske gen yon pwoblèm?

Kesyon — pliryèl Are there + non pliryèl...? Ar dher + noun? Are there any problems? Ar dher eni problèmz? Èske gen pwoblèm?

Kesyon negatif — sengilye Isn't there + non sengilye...? Iznt dher + noun? Isn't there a problem? Iznt dher a problèm? Èske pa gen yon pwoblèm?

Kesyon negatif — pliryèl Aren't there + non pliryèl...? Arnt dher + noun? Aren't there any problems? Arnt dher eni problèmz? Èske pa gen okenn pwoblèm?

Tan pase sengilye There was + non sengilye Dher waz + noun There was a problem. Dher waz a problèm. Te gen yon pwoblèm.

Tan pase pliryèl There were + non pliryèl Dher wèr + noun There were many people. Dher wèr meni pipòl. Te gen anpil moun.

Tan pase sengilye negatif There wasn't + non sengilye Dher waznt + noun There wasn't a problem. Dher waznt a problèm. Pa t gen yon pwoblèm.

Tan pase pliryèl negatif There weren't + non pliryèl Dher wèrnt + noun There weren't many people. Dher wèrnt meni pipòl. Pa t gen anpil moun.

Kesyon nan tan pase Was there + non sengilye...? Waz dher + noun? Was there a problem? Waz dher a problèm? Èske te gen yon pwoblèm?

Kesyon pliryèl nan tan pase Were there + non pliryèl...? Wèr dher + noun? Were there many people? Wèr dher meni pipòl? Èske te gen anpil moun?

Lavni There will be + non Dher wil bi + noun There will be a meeting tomorrow. Dher wil bi a miting toumarow. Ap gen yon reyinyon demen.

Lavni negatif There won't be + non Dher wont bi + noun There won't be a meeting tomorrow. Dher wont bi a miting toumarow. Pap gen reyinyon demen.

Kesyon nan lavni Will there be + non...? Wil dher bi + noun? Will there be a meeting tomorrow? Wil dher bi a miting toumarow? Èske ap gen yon reyinyon demen?

Present Perfect There has/have been + non Dher haz/hav bin + noun There has been a mistake. Dher haz bin a misteyk. Gen yon erè ki fèt.

Past Perfect There had been + non Dher had bin + noun There had been a problem. Dher had bin a problèm. Te gen yon pwoblèm.

Modal There can/may/might/must/should be + non Dher kan/mey/mayt/mast/shoud bi + noun There may be a problem. Dher mey bi a problèm. Petèt gen yon pwoblèm.

1. Have = Posede / genyen

Kalite Estrikti Pwononsyasyon estrikti a Egzanp konplè Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Tradiksyon

Avèk I / you / we / they Sijè + have + non Dhe sabdjekt + hav + dhe noun I have a car. Ay hav a kar. Mwen gen yon machin.

Avèk he / she / it Sijè + has + non Dhe sabdjekt + haz + dhe noun She has a car. Shi haz a kar. Li gen yon machin.

Nou itilize have avèk: I, you, we, they.

Nou itilize has avèk: he, she, it.

2. Fòm negatif avèk have

Kalite Estrikti Pwononsyasyon estrikti a Egzanp konplè Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Tradiksyon

Negatif I/you/we/they Sijè + do not + have + non Dhe sabdjekt + dou not + hav + dhe noun I do not have a car. Ay dou not hav a kar. Mwen pa gen machin.

Negatif he/she/it Sijè + does not + have + non Dhe sabdjekt + daz not + hav + dhe noun She does not have a car. Shi daz not hav a kar. Li pa gen machin.

Sonje: apre does, nou itilize have, pa has:

She doesn't have a car. ✅

She doesn't has a car. ❌

3. Kesyon avèk have

Kalite Estrikti Pwononsyasyon estrikti a Egzanp konplè Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Tradiksyon

Kesyon I/you/we/they Do + sijè + have + non? Dou + dhe sabdjekt + hav + dhe noun? Do you have a car? Dou you hav a kar? Èske ou gen yon machin?

Kesyon he/she/it Does + sijè + have + non? Daz + dhe sabdjekt + hav + dhe noun? Does she have a car? Daz shi hav a kar? Èske li gen yon machin?

4. Have kòm vèb oksilyè pou tan konpoze

Have pa toujou vle di “posede”; li sèvi tou pou fòme tan Perfect yo.

Tan Estrikti Pwononsyasyon estrikti a Egzanp Tradiksyon

Present Perfect Sijè + have/has + V3 Dhe sabdjekt + hav/haz + vi thri I have finished. Mwen fini deja.

Present Perfect Continuous Sijè + have/has + been + verb-ing Dhe sabdjekt + hav/haz + bin + verb-ing I have been working. Mwen ap travay depi yon bon ti tan.

Past Perfect Sijè + had + V3 Dhe sabdjekt + had + vi thri I had finished. Mwen te fin fè sa.

Past Perfect Continuous Sijè + had + been + verb-ing Dhe sabdjekt + had + bin + verb-ing I had been working. Mwen te ap travay depi yon bon ti tan.

Diferans enpòtan

I have a car.

→ have = posede / genyen

I have finished.

→ have = vèb oksilyè ki ede fòme Present Perfect la.

5. Have to = Dwe / oblije

Have to sèvi pou eksprime nesesite oswa obligasyon.

Kalite Estrikti Pwononsyasyon estrikti a Egzanp konplè Tradiksyon

I/you/we/they Sijè + have to + V1 Dhe sabdjekt + hav tou + vi wan I have to work. Mwen dwe travay.

he/she/it Sijè + has to + V1 Dhe sabdjekt + haz tou + vi wan She has to work. Li dwe travay.

Tan pase Sijè + had to + V1 Dhe sabdjekt + had tou + vi wan I had to work. Mwen te oblije travay.

Lavni Sijè + will have to + V1 Dhe sabdjekt + wil hav tou + vi wan I will have to work. M ap gen pou m travay.

6. Have got = Genyen / posede

Nan anglè, sitou nan anglè britanik, yo ka itilize:

have got / has got

Estrikti Egzanp Tradiksyon

Sijè + have got + non I have got a car. Mwen gen yon machin.

Sijè + has got + non She has got a car. Li gen yon machin.

Fòm negatif:

I haven't got a car.

= Mwen pa gen machin.

Kesyon:

Have you got a car?

= Èske ou gen yon machin?

Imperatives — Fòm enperatif

Kalite Estrikti Pwononsyasyon estrikti a Egzanp Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan Siyifikasyon

Kòmand afimatif Vèb V1 Come here. Kam hir. Vini isit la.

Kòmand avèk objè Vèb + objè V1 + object Read the book. Rid dhe buk. Li liv la.

Kòmand negatif Don't + vèb Downt + V1 Don't run. Downt ran. Pa kouri.

Fòm negatif fòmèl Do not + vèb Dou not + V1 Do not enter. Dou not entè. Pa antre.

Avèk Be Be + adjektif Bi + adjective Be careful. Bi kèrfòl. Fè atansyon.

Be negatif Don't be + adjektif Downt bi + adjective Don't be late. Downt bi leyt. Pa anreta.

Avèk Let me Let + me + vèb Let + mi + V1 Let me help you. Let mi help you. Kite m ede w.

Avèk Let him/her/them Let + objè + vèb Let + object + V1 Let him go. Let him gow. Kite l ale.

Let's Let's + vèb Lets + V1 Let's go. Lets gow. Ann ale.

Let's negatif Let's not + vèb Lets not + V1 Let's not wait. Lets not weyt. Ann pa tann.

Kòmand politès Please + vèb Pliz + V1 Please sit down. Pliz sit dawn. Tanpri, chita.

Kòmand pou ensiste Do + vèb Dou + V1 Do sit down. Dou sit dawn. Tanpri, chita non.

Konsèy fò Never + vèb Nevè + V1 Never give up. Nevè giv ap. Pa janm abandone.

Abitid / konsèy Always + vèb Òlwèyz + V1 Always be careful. Òlwèyz bi kèrfòl. Toujou fè atansyon.

Enperatif pasif Be + fòm twazyèm vèb la Bi + V3 Be prepared. Bi pripèrd. Prepare w.

Kòmand + rezilta Vèb + and + fraz V1 + and + clause Study hard, and you will pass. Stadi hard, and you wil pas. Etidye di, epi w ap reyisi.

Kòmand + avètisman Vèb + or + fraz V1 + or + clause Hurry up, or you'll be late. Hèri ap, or yul bi leyt. Fè vit, sinon w ap anreta.

Kòmand + kesyon konfimasyon Vèb, will you? V1, wil you? Wait here, will you? Weyt hir, wil you? Tann isit la, dakò?

Let's + kesyon konfimasyon Let's + vèb, shall we? Lets + V1, shal wi? Let's go, shall we? Lets gow, shal wi? Ann ale, dakò?

22- Prefiks (SUFFIXES)

Prefiks Transliterasyon an arab Signifikasyon an kreyòl Egzanp Siyifikasyon

a- È / i pa / ki pa atypical ki pa tipik

ab- ab lwen abduct anlve pa fòs

ad- ad bò kote / nan direksyon / rive jwenn ak

ambi- ambi tou de / alantou ambiguous ki gen plizyè sans

ante- ante anvan antecedent ki vini anvan

anti- anti opoze ak antiwar ki kont lagè

arch- ark prensipal / pi wo archbishop evèk prensipal

auto- oto pwòp tèt li automatic otomatik

bi- baï de bilingual ki pale de lang

circum- sirkòm alantou circumference sikonferans

co- ko ansanm cooperate kolabore

contra- kontra opoze contradict kontradwi

counter- kaounter opoze / reponn counterattack kontatak

de- de retire / ranvèse deactivate dezaktive

deca- deka dis dekade dis ane

deci- desi dizyèm decimeter desimèt

demi- demi mwatye demigod demi-bondye

dis- dis pa / opoze / separe disagree pa dakò

dys- dis move / difikilte dysfunction malfonksyònman

eco- eko anviwònman ecosystem ekosistèm

ecto- ekto deyò ectoderm ektodèm

endo- endo anndan endoskeleton eskelèt entèn

epi- epi sou / anlè epidermis epidèm

eu- you bon euphemism ekspresyon ki pi dou

ex- eks ansyen / deyò ex-president ansyen prezidan

extra- ekstra anplis / deyò extraordinary ekstraòdinè

fore- for anvan / davans forecast previzyon

geo- jeo tè geography jewografi

hemi- hemi mwatye hemisphere emisfè

hetero- etero diferan heterogeneous ki gen eleman diferan

homo- homo menm / sanble homogeneous omojèn

hyper- ipè twòp / anlè hyperactive twò aktif

hypo- ipo anba / ensifizan hypothermia tanperati kò ki twò ba

in- in pa / anndan inactive inaktif

im- im pa / anndan impossible enposib

il- il pa illegal ilegal

ir- ir pa irregular i regilye

infra- enfra anba infrared enfrarouj

inter- entè ant international entènasyonal

intra- entra anndan intranet rezo entèn

intro- intwo anndan / antre introduce prezante

iso- izo egal / menm isotope izotòp

macro- makwo gwo macroeconomics makwoekonomi

mal- mal move / mal malfunction malfonksyònman

mega- mega gwo anpil megastore gwo magazen

meta- meta apre / pi lwen metadata metadone

micro- mikwo piti microscope mikwoskòp

mid- mid mitan midnight minui

mini- mini piti minibus minibis

mono- mono yon sèl monolingual ki pale yon sèl lang

multi- milti anpil multilingual ki pale plizyè lang

neo- neo nouvo neologism neolojis

non- non pa / ki pa nonstandard ki pa estanda

omni- omni tout omniscient ki konnen tout bagay

out- awt deyò / plis outperform pèfòme pi byen pase

over- ovè twòp / depase overcook kwit twòp

paleo- paleo ansyen paleolithic Paleyolitik

pan- pan tout pan-European ki konsène tout Ewòp

para- para akote / sanble ak paranormal ki depase sa ki nòmal

peri- peri alantou perimeter perimèt

poly- poli anpil polyglot ki pale plizyè lang

post- post apre postwar apre lagè

pre- pre anvan prehistory anvan listwa ekri

pro- pro an favè / pou pro-democracy an favè demokrasi

proto- pwoto orijinal / premye prototype pwototip

pseudo- sewdo fo / sanble ak pseudonym fo non

re- re ankò rewrite ekri ankò

retro- retwo an direksyon dèyè retroactive ki gen efè sou tan pase

semi- semi mwatye / pasyèl semicircle mwatye sèk

sub- sib anba / segondè submarine soumaren

super- sipè anlè / ekstraòdinè superhuman sipèimen

supra- sipra anlè supranational sipranasyonal

syn- sin ansanm / avèk synchronize senkronize

tele- tele lwen telephone telefòn

trans- trans atravè / soti yon bò pou ale lòt bò transport transpòte

tri- tri twa triangle triyang

ultra- oultra depasman / twòp ultramodern ultramodèn

un- an pa / opoze unhappy malere

under- andè anba / pa ase underpaid ki pa touche ase

uni- you-ni yon sèl unilateral ki soti nan yon sèl bò

vice- vais adjwen vice-president vis-prezidan

with- wit lwen / retire withdraw retire

Sifiks (SUFFIXES)

Sifiks Pwononsyasyon an arab Fonksyon Egzanp Siyifikasyon

-er è moun ki fè yon aksyon teacher pwofesè

-or ò moun ki fè yon aksyon actor aktè

-ar ar moun ki gen rapò ak yon aksyon beggar mendyan

-ist ist moun ki espesyalize nan yon domèn artist atis

-ian yan moun ki gen rapò ak yon domèn musician mizisyen

-ant an moun oswa bagay ki fè yon aksyon assistant asistan

-ent an moun ki fè yon aksyon student etidyan

-ee i moun ki resevwa aksyon an employee anplwaye

-ess es fòm feminen actress aktris

-ness nès eta / kalite happiness bonè

-ity ite eta / kalite activity aktivite

-ty te eta / kalite safety sekirite

-ship chip eta / relasyon friendship amitye

-hood oud eta / peryòd childhood anfans

-dom dòm eta / domèn kingdom wayòm

-th t eta / kalite warmth chalè

-ment man rezilta / aksyon development devlopman

-tion chòn aksyon / rezilta education edikasyon

-sion jon / chòn aksyon / rezilta decision desizyon

-ion yon / chòn aksyon / rezilta action aksyon

-ation asyon aksyon organization òganizasyon

-al al aksyon / rezilta arrival arive

-ance ans eta / aksyon appearance aparans

-ence ans eta existence egzistans

-ancy ansi eta expectancy espwa / atant

-ency ansi eta efficiency efikasite

-age aj rezilta / aksyon marriage maryaj

-ure ir rezilta / eta failure echèk

-ing ing fè yon vèb tounen non / aksyon swimming naje

-ism izm kwayans / ideoloji capitalism kapitalis

-cracy krasi sistèm gouvènman democracy demokrasi

-crat krat moun ki soutni yon sistèm democrat demokrat

-archy arki sistèm gouvènman monarchy monachi

-arch ark dirijan / chèf monarch monak

-logy loji syans / etid biology byoloji

-graphy grafi deskripsyon / ekriti geography jewografi

-graph graf zouti oswa siy ki ekri autograph otograf

-meter mèt zouti pou mezire thermometer tèmomèt

-metry metri aksyon pou mezire geometry jeyometri

-scope skòp zouti pou gade byen telescope teleskòp

-scopy skopi egzamen ak yon aparèy microscopy mikwoskopi

-nomy nomi sistèm / règ astronomy astwonomi

-phobia fobi laperèz arachnophobia arànofobi

-phile fil renmen anpil bibliophile moun ki renmen liv

-philia fili renmen / afeksyon audiophilia renmen son

-phone fòn son / aparèy son telephone telefòn

-phony foni son / sistèm son symphony senfoni

-path pat moun ki gen yon kondisyon psychopath psikopat

-pathy pati eta / maladi neuropathy neropati

-itis it anflemasyon arthritis atr it

-osis oz eta / maladi diagnosis dyagnostik

-emia emi eta ki gen rapò ak san anemia anemi

-oma oma timè / anflamasyon carcinoma kansinòm

-ectomy ektomi retire yon pati nan kò a nan operasyon appendectomy apendektomi

-otomy otomi koupe yon pati nan kò a nan operasyon tracheotomy trakeyotomi

-plasty plasti reparasyon chirijikal rhinoplasty rinoplasti

-let lèt ti booklet ti liv

-ling ling ti / jèn duckling ti kanna

-ette èt ti kitchenette ti kwizin

-kin kin ti manikin ti mannken

-oid oyid ki sanble ak humanoid ki sanble ak yon moun

-esque esk ki gen aparans yon bagay picturesque pitorèsk

-like lak ki sanble ak childlike ki sanble ak yon timoun

-ish ich ki sanble ak / yon ti jan greenish vèt pal

-ster stè moun ki gen rapò ak yon aksyon youngster jèn moun

-eer ir moun ki patisipe nan yon aktivite auctioneer moun k ap dirije vann piblik

-ard ar moun ki gen yon karakteristik coward kapon

-some sòm ki lakòz / ki gen tandans troublesome ki bay pwoblèm

-worthy wèrdi ki merite trustworthy ki merite konfyans

-proof prouf ki reziste waterproof ki pa kite dlo pase

-free fri san sugar-free san sik

-wide waid ki kouvri yon zòn worldwide atravè lemond

-ward wèrd an direksyon backward an dèyè

-wise waiz fason / direksyon clockwise nan sans zegwi mont lan

-fold fold plizyè fwa / kantite threefold twa fwa plis

23- Vèb frazal (PHRASAL VERBS)

Vèb frazal = yon vèb ki konbine avèk yon mo oswa plizyè mo, tankou up, out, off, on, away, back, in, over.

Egzanp:

give + up → give up = abandone / sispann fè yon bagay

Nòt: Se pa tout konbinezon vèb + prepozisyon oswa advèb ki gen menm fonksyon. Gen vèb frazal, vèb prepozisyonèl ak vèb frazal-prepozisyonèl.

1. Vèb frazal ki pi komen yo

Vèb frazal Pwononsyasyon an arab Siyifikasyon an kreyòl Egzanp konplè Pwononsyasyon egzanp lan

add up ad ap vin fè sans / fè total The numbers add up. De nambèz ad ap.

ask for ask for d mande She asked for help. Chi askt for help.

back up bak ap fè yon kopi sekou / soutni Please back up your files. Pliz bak ap yor faylz.

break down brek daun tonbe an pann / kraze My car broke down. May kar brok daun.

break in brek in fòse antre Someone broke in last night. Samwan brok in last nayt.

break out brek awt kòmanse toudenkou / pete A fire broke out. E fayr brok awt.

break up brek ap separe / mete fen nan relasyon They broke up last year. Dey brok ap last yir.

bring back bring bak retounen / pote tounen Please bring back my book. Pliz bring bak may buk.

bring in bring in fè antre / prezante They brought in a new manager. Dey brot in e nyou manadjè.

bring up bring ap leve yon sijè / elve She brought up an important issue. Chi brot ap an important ichou.

call back kol bak rele ankò I'll call you back later. Ayl kol you bak leyter.

call off kol of anile They called off the meeting. Dey kold of de miting.

carry on kari on kontinye Please carry on working. Pliz kari on werking.

carry out kari awt egzekite / reyalize They carried out the plan. Dey karid awt de plan.

catch up kach ap rive nan menm nivo ak / ratrape I need to catch up with you. Ay nid tou kach ap wit you.

check in chek in anrejistre lè w rive We checked in at the hotel. Wii chekt in at de hotel.

check out chek awt depati / verifye We checked out at noon. Wii chekt awt at noun.

clean up klin ap netwaye Clean up your room. Klin ap yor roum.

come back kam bak tounen He came back yesterday. Hii keym bak yesterdey.

come in kam in antre Come in, please. Kam in, pliz.

come out kam awt soti / parèt The new book came out yesterday. De nyou buk keym awt yesterdey.

come over kam over vizite / vin lakay yon moun Come over tonight. Kam over tounayt.

cut down kat daun diminye / redui I'm trying to cut down on sugar. Aym traying tou kat daun on chougè.

cut off kat of koupe / entèwonp They cut off the electricity. Dey kat of di elektrisiti.

deal with dil wit jere / fè fas ak We need to deal with this problem. Wii nid tou dil wit dis problem.

do without dou widawt fè san yon bagay We can do without a car. Wii kan dou widawt e kar.

drop off drap of depoze yon moun / kite yon bagay I'll drop you off at school. Ayl drap you of at skul.

end up end ap fini pa / abouti nan We ended up staying home. Wii endid ap steying houm.

fall apart fol apart dekonpoze / kraze The old chair fell apart. Di old cher fel apart.

fall behind fol bihaynd retade He fell behind in class. Hii fel bihaynd in klas.

figure out figyur awt konprann / jwenn solisyon I can't figure it out. Ay kant figyur it awt.

fill in fil in ranpli / mete enfòmasyon Please fill in this form. Pliz fil in dis form.

fill out fil awt ranpli yon fòm Fill out the application. Fil awt di aplikasyon.

find out faynd awt dekouvri / aprann I found out the truth. Ay fawnd awt de truth.

get back get bak tounen I'll get back home soon. Ayl get bak houm soun.

get in get in antre Get in the car. Get in de kar.

get off get of desann nan yon mwayen transpò Get off the bus. Get of de bas.

get on get on monte nan yon mwayen transpò Get on the bus. Get on de bas.

get out get awt soti Get out of the room. Get awt of de roum.

get over get over simonte / depase yon difikilte She got over her fear. Chi gat over her fir.

get up get ap leve I get up at seven. Ay get ap at seven.

give back giv bak rann / remèt Give me back my phone. Giv mi bak may foun.

give in giv in sede He finally gave in. Hii faynali geyv in.

give up giv ap abandone / sispann Don't give up. Dont giv ap.

go ahead gou ehed kontinye / kòmanse Go ahead and start. Gou ehed and start.

go back gou bak tounen We went back home. Wii went bak houm.

go on gou on kontinye Please go on. Pliz gou on.

go out gou awt soti We went out last night. Wii went awt last nayt.

grow up grou ap grandi I grew up in Kuwait. Ay grou ap in Kuwait.

hand in hand in remèt / depoze Hand in your homework. Hand in yor homework.

hang on hang on tann / kenbe Hang on a minute. Hang on e minit.

hang out hang awt pase tan ansanm We hang out together. Wii hang awt tougedè.

hold on hold on tann / kenbe Hold on, please. Hold on, pliz.

keep on kip on kontinye Keep on trying. Kip on traying.

keep up kip ap kenbe menm ritm lan Keep up the good work. Kip ap de gud werk.

kick out kik awt mete deyò They kicked him out. Dey kikt him awt.

look after luk after pran swen She looks after her children. Chi luks after her children.

look for luk for chèche I'm looking for my keys. Aym luking for may kiz.

look into luk intu egzamine / mennen ankèt We'll look into the problem. Wiil luk intu de problem.

look out luk awt fè atansyon Look out! Luk awt!

look up luk ap chèche enfòmasyon Look up the word. Luk ap de word.

make up meyk ap fè lapè / envante They made up after the argument. Dey meyd ap after di argyument.

move on mouv on pase nan yon lòt etap It's time to move on. Its taym tou mouv on.

pick up pik ap ranmase / pran Pick up the phone. Pik ap de foun.

point out poynt awt fè remake She pointed out a mistake. Chi poyntid awt e mistayk.

put away put ewey ranje / mete sou kote Put your clothes away. Put yor klouz ewey.

put down put daun poze / mete atè Put the book down. Put de buk daun.

put off put of ranvwaye Don't put it off. Dont put it of.

put on put on mete sou ou / limen Put on your jacket. Put on yor jakit.

put out put awt etenn / mete deyò Put out the fire. Put awt de fayr.

put up put ap pann / mete anlè Put up the picture. Put ap de pikchur.

run into ran intu rankontre pa aza I ran into an old friend. Ay ran intu an old frend.

run out ran awt fini / pa rete ankò We ran out of milk. Wii ran awt of milk.

set up set ap etabli / mete sou pye They set up a new company. Dey set ap e nyou kompani.

show up chou awp parèt / prezante He didn't show up. Hii didnt chou awp.

shut down chat daun fèmen nèt The factory shut down. De faktori chat daun.

sit down sit daun chita Please sit down. Pliz sit daun.

stand up stand ap kanpe Please stand up. Pliz stand ap.

take back teyk bak retrè sa ou te di I take back what I said. Ay teyk bak wat ay sed.

take off teyk of wete / dekole The plane took off. De pleyn tuk of.

take on teyk on aksepte / pran yon travay She took on a new job. Chi tuk on e nyou job.

take out teyk awt retire / pote deyò Take out the trash. Teyk awt de trash.

take over teyk over pran kontwòl She took over the company. Chi tuk over de kompani.

take up teyk ap kòmanse yon aktivite He took up swimming. Hii tuk ap swiming.

throw away throw ewey jete Don't throw it away. Dont throw it ewey.

try on tray on eseye yon rad Try on this shirt. Tray on dis chirt.

turn down tern daun refize / bese She turned down the offer. Chi ternd daun di ofè.

turn off tern of etenn Turn off the light. Tern of de layt.

turn on tern on limen Turn on the TV. Tern on de ti-vi.

turn up tern ap ogmante volim / parèt Turn up the volume. Tern ap de volyòm.

wake up weyk ap reveye I woke up early. Ay wok ap erli.

work out werk awt fè egzèsis / jwenn solisyon I work out every day. Ay werk awt evri dey.

write down rayt daun ekri / note Write down the answer. Rayt daun di ansè.

2. Kalite prensipal yo

Kalite Estrikti Pwononsyasyon Egzanp Siyifikasyon

Vèb frazal tranzitif Vèb + advèb + objè Verb + adverb + object Turn off the light. Etenn limyè a.

Avèk pwonon Vèb + pwonon + advèb Verb + pronoun + adverb Turn it off. Etenn li.

Vèb prepozisyonèl Vèb + prepozisyon + objè Verb + preposition + object Look after the child. Pran swen timoun nan.

Vèb frazal entranzitif Vèb + advèb Verb + adverb The plane took off. Avyon an dekole.

Vèb frazal-prepozisyonèl Vèb + advèb + prepozisyon + objè Verb + adverb + preposition + object I look forward to the trip. Mwen anvi fè vwayaj la.

3. Règ enpòtan: Èske nou ka separe vèb frazal la?

Turn off se yon vèb frazal ki ka separe:

Turn off the light.

Turn the light off.

Turn it off. ✅

Turn off it. ❌

Men look after pa ka separe konsa:

Look after the child. ✅

Look the child after. ❌

Look after him. ✅

24- Kontraksyon

Yon kontraksyon se yon fòm ki pi kout ki fèt lè de mo oswa plis vin kole. Yo itilize yo souvan nan lang angle, sitou nan pale ak nan ekriti enfòmèl.

Egzanp:

I am → I'm → Aym → Mwen ye

I have → I've → Ayv → Mwen genyen / mwen deja

I will → I'll → Ayl → M ap / mwen pral

I would → I'd → Ayd → Mwen ta / mwen t ap (selon kontèks la)

1- Kontraksyon vèb BE

am → 'm

I am → I'm → Aym → Mwen ye

Egzanp: I'm happy. → Aym hepi. → Mwen kontan.

are → 're

You are → You're → Yor → Ou ye

Egzanp: You're right. → Yor rayt. → Ou gen rezon.

We are → We're → Wiir → Nou ye

Egzanp: We're ready. → Wiir redi. → Nou pare.

They are → They're → Deyr → Yo ye

Egzanp: They're here. → Deyr hir. → Yo la.

is → 's

He is → He's → Hiiz → Li ye (pou yon gason)

Egzanp: He's tired. → Hiiz tayèrd. → Li fatige.

She is → She's → Chiiz → Li ye (pou yon fi)

Egzanp: She's happy. → Chiiz hepi. → Li kontan.

It is → It's → Its → Li / sa / li ye (pou yon bagay, yon bèt oswa sitiyasyon)

Egzanp: It's cold. → Its kold. → Fè frèt.

2- Kontraksyon HAVE

have → 've

I have → I've → Ayv → Mwen genyen / mwen deja

Egzanp: I've finished. → Ayv finicht. → Mwen fini deja.

You have → You've → Yuv → Ou genyen / ou deja

Egzanp: You've changed. → Yuv cheynjd. → Ou chanje.

We have → We've → Wiiv → Nou genyen / nou deja

Egzanp: We've arrived. → Wiiv arayvd. → Nou rive deja.

They have → They've → Deyv → Yo genyen / yo deja

Egzanp: They've left. → Deyv left. → Yo ale deja.

He has → He's → Hiiz → Li genyen / li deja

Egzanp: He's finished. → Hiiz finicht. → Li fini deja.

She has → She's → Chiiz → Li genyen / li deja

Egzanp: She's gone. → Chiiz gon. → Li ale deja.

3- Kontraksyon WILL

will → 'll

I will → I'll → Ayl → M ap / mwen pral

Egzanp: I'll help you. → Ayl help you. → M ap ede w.

You will → You'll → Yul → W ap / ou pral

Egzanp: You'll understand. → Yul anderstand. → W ap konprann.

He will → He'll → Hiil → Li pral (pou yon gason)

Egzanp: He'll come tomorrow. → Hiil kam toumaro. → Li pral vini demen.

She will → She'll → Chiil → Li pral (pou yon fi)

Egzanp: She'll call you. → Chiil kol you. → Li pral rele w.

We will → We'll → Wiil → Nou pral

Egzanp: We'll see. → Wiil sii. → N ap wè.

They will → They'll → Deyl → Yo pral

Egzanp: They'll arrive soon. → Deyl arayv soun. → Yo pral rive talè.

4- Kontraksyon WOULD

would → 'd

I would → I'd → Ayd → Mwen ta

Egzanp: I'd help you. → Ayd help you. → Mwen ta ede w.

You would → You'd → Yud → Ou ta

Egzanp: You'd like it. → Yud layk it. → Ou ta renmen sa.

He would → He'd → Hiid → Li ta (pou yon gason)

Egzanp: He'd come. → Hiid kam. → Li ta vini.

She would → She'd → Chiid → Li ta (pou yon fi)

Egzanp: She'd help us. → Chiid help as. → Li ta ede nou.

We would → We'd → Wiid → Nou ta

Egzanp: We'd go. → Wiid gou. → Nou ta ale.

They would → They'd → Deyd → Yo ta

Egzanp: They'd agree. → Deyd agrii. → Yo ta dakò.

5- Kontraksyon HAD

had → 'd

I had → I'd → Ayd → Mwen te deja / mwen te fè

Egzanp: I'd finished before he arrived. → Ayd finicht bifor hii arayvd. → Mwen te fin fè sa anvan li te rive.

You had → You'd → Yud → Ou te deja / ou te fè

Egzanp: You'd already left. → Yud olredi left. → Ou te deja ale.

He had → He'd → Hiid → Li te deja / li te fè

Egzanp: He'd eaten. → Hiid iitn. → Li te manje deja.

She had → She'd → Chiid → Li te deja / li te fè

Egzanp: She'd finished. → Chiid finicht. → Li te fini deja.

6- Konklizyon enpòtan: 'd ka gen de sans

I'd = I would oswa I had

I'd go. → Ayd gou. → Mwen ta ale.

I'd gone. → Ayd gon. → Mwen te ale deja.

Anjeneral, se mo ki vini apre a ak kontèks fraz la ki ede w konprann sans lan.

7- Kontraksyon NOT

not → n't

is not → isn't → iznt → pa / pa ye

Egzanp: He isn't here. → Hii iznt hir. → Li pa la.

are not → aren't → arnt → pa / pa ye

Egzanp: They aren't ready. → Dey arnt redi. → Yo pa pare.

was not → wasn't → waznt → pa t / pa t ye

Egzanp: He wasn't there. → Hii waznt der. → Li pa t la.

were not → weren't → wernt → pa t / pa t ye

Egzanp: We weren't late. → Wii wernt leyt. → Nou pa t anreta.

have not → haven't → havnt → pa genyen / poko

Egzanp: I haven't finished. → Ay havnt finicht. → Mwen poko fini.

has not → hasn't → haznt → pa genyen / poko

Egzanp: She hasn't arrived. → Chi haznt arayvd. → Li poko rive.

had not → hadn't → hadnt → pa t / poko te

Egzanp: He hadn't eaten. → Hii hadnt iitn. → Li pa t manje toujou.

do not → don't → dont → pa

Egzanp: I don't know. → Ay dont nou. → Mwen pa konnen.

does not → doesn't → daznt → pa

Egzanp: He doesn't know. → Hii daznt nou. → Li pa konnen.

did not → didn't → didnt → pa t

Egzanp: I didn't see him. → Ay didnt sii him. → Mwen pa t wè l.

8- Lòt kontraksyon enpòtan

cannot → can't → kant → pa kapab

could not → couldn't → kudnt → pa t kapab

should not → shouldn't → chudnt → pa ta dwe

would not → wouldn't → wudnt → pa ta / pa t ap

must not → mustn't → masnt → pa dwe ditou / entèdiksyon

will not → won't → wont → pap / p ap

Egzanp: I won't go. → Ay wont gou. → Mwen pap ale.

9- Nòt enpòtan

Kontraksyon sa yo pa menm bagay ak sifiks gramatikal. Yo se fòm kout mo oswa gwoup mo, kote yo retire kèk lèt epi yo sèvi ak yon apostwòf (').

Egzanp:

I + will → I'll

You + have → You've

He + is → He's

They + are → They're

Do + not → Don't

Can + not → Can't

Kidonk, Contractions vle di kontraksyon, tandiske Suffixes vle di sifiks.