1- Abjad Bahasa Inggréh

1. A a — Cara peugah: ey — /eɪ/ — Huruf A geupeugah “ey”, lagee bunyi awai bak kata “aceh”.

2. B b — Cara peugah: bii — /b/ — Huruf B geupeugah “bii”, ngon bunyi /b/ lagee bak “book”.

3. C c — Cara peugah: sii — /k/, /s/ — Huruf C geupeugah “sii”. Bunyi jih jeuet /k/ lagee bak “cat”, atawa /s/ lagee bak “city”.

4. D d — Cara peugah: dii — /d/ — Huruf D geupeugah “dii”, ngon bunyi /d/ lagee bak “dog”.

5. E e — Cara peugah: ii — /iː/ — Huruf E geupeugah “ii”, lagee bunyi /iː/ bak “see”.

6. F f — Cara peugah: ef — /f/ — Huruf F geupeugah “ef”, ngon bunyi /f/ lagee bak “fish”.

7. G g — Cara peugah: jii — /ɡ/, /dʒ/ — Huruf G geupeugah “jii”. Bunyi jih jeuet /ɡ/ lagee bak “go”, atawa /dʒ/ lagee bak “giant”.

8. H h — Cara peugah: eych — /h/ — Huruf H geupeugah “eych”, ngon bunyi /h/ lagee bak “house”.

9. I i — Cara peugah: ay — /aɪ/ — Huruf I geupeugah “ay”, lagee bak kata “eye”.

10. J j — Cara peugah: jey — /dʒ/ — Huruf J geupeugah “jey”, ngon bunyi /dʒ/ lagee bak “job”.

11. K k — Cara peugah: key — /k/ — Huruf K geupeugah “key”, ngon bunyi /k/ lagee bak “key”.

12. L l — Cara peugah: el — /l/ — Huruf L geupeugah “el”, ngon bunyi /l/ lagee bak “love”.

13. M m — Cara peugah: em — /m/ — Huruf M geupeugah “em”, ngon bunyi /m/ lagee bak “man”.

14. N n — Cara peugah: en — /n/ — Huruf N geupeugah “en”, ngon bunyi /n/ lagee bak “name”.

15. O o — Cara peugah: oh — /oʊ/ — Huruf O geupeugah “oh”, ngon bunyi /oʊ/ lagee bak “go”.

16. P p — Cara peugah: pii — /p/ — Huruf P geupeugah “pii”, ngon bunyi /p/ lagee bak “pen”.

17. Q q — Cara peugah: kyuu — /k/ — Huruf Q geupeugah “kyuu” dan sabeh jih meunan, huruf U, lagee bak “queen”.

18. R r — Cara peugah: ar — /r/ — Huruf R geupeugah “ar”, ngon bunyi /r/ lagee bak “red”.

19. S s — Cara peugah: es — /s/, /z/ — Huruf S geupeugah “es”. Bunyi jih jeuet /s/ lagee bak “sun”, atawa /z/ lagee bak “rose”.

20. T t — Cara peugah: tii — /t/ — Huruf T geupeugah “tii”, ngon bunyi /t/ lagee bak “ten”.

21. U u — Cara peugah: yuu — /juː/, /ʌ/ — Huruf U geupeugah “yuu” /juː/, dan bunyi jih meunan /ʌ/ lagee bak “cup”.

22. V v — Cara peugah: vii — /v/ — Huruf V geupeugah “vii”, ngon bunyi /v/ lagee bak “very”.

23. W w — Cara peugah: dabal-yuu — /w/ — Huruf W geupeugah “dabal-yuu”, ngon bunyi /w/ lagee bak “water”.

24. X x — Cara peugah: eks — /ks/ — Huruf X geupeugah “eks”, ngon bunyi /ks/ lagee bak “box”.

25. Y y — Cara peugah: way — /j/, /ɪ/, /aɪ/ — Huruf Y geupeugah “way”. Bunyi jih jeuet /j/ lagee bak “yes”, /ɪ/ lagee bak “happy”, atawa /aɪ/ lagee bak “my”.

26. Z z — Cara peugah: zii* — /z/ — Bak bahasa Inggréh Amerika, huruf Z geupeugah “zii”. Bak bahasa Inggréh Britania, geupeugah “zed”. Bunyi jih /z/ lagee bak “zoo”.

2- Susunan Kata (Word Order)

1. Kalimat dasar — Subjek + Kata kerja — Sabjek + Verba — I sleep. — Ay sliip — Ulôn meulheueh.

2. Objek langsung — Subjek + Kata kerja + Objek langsung — Sabjek + Verba + Objek langsung — I read a book. — Ay riid e buk — Ulôn baca saboh kitab.

3. Objek teunira — Subjek + Kata kerja + Objek teunira + Objek langsung — Sabjek + Verba + Objek teunira + Objek langsung — I give him a book. — Ay giv him e buk — Ulôn bri keu jih saboh kitab.

4. Ureueng nyang meuteumeung manfaat — Subjek + Kata kerja + Objek langsung + for + ureueng nyang teuma manfaat — Sabjek + Verba + Objek langsung + for + ureueng — I buy a book for him. — Ay bay e buk for him — Ulôn bloe saboh kitab keu jih.

5. Kata gantoe objek teunira — Subjek + Kata kerja + Kata gantoe objek teunira + Objek langsung — Sabjek + Verba + Kata gantoe objek teunira + Objek langsung — I give her a book. — Ay giv her e buk — Ulôn bri saboh kitab keu jih.

6. Kata sifat — Subjek + be + Kata sifat — Sabjek + be + Kata sifat — The book is big. — Dhe buk iz big — Kitab nyan rayeuk.

7. Kata keterangan cara — Subjek + Kata kerja + Kata keterangan — Sabjek + Verba + Kata keterangan — He reads quickly. — Hii riidz kwikli — Jih baca ngon bagah.

8. Objek langsung + Kata keterangan — Subjek + Kata kerja + Objek langsung + Kata keterangan — Sabjek + Verba + Objek langsung + Kata keterangan — I read a book quickly. — Ay riid e buk kwikli — Ulôn baca saboh kitab ngon bagah.

9. Kata keterangan waktu — Subjek + Kata kerja + Kata keterangan waktu — Sabjek + Verba + Kata keterangan watee — I work today. — Ay werk tudey — Ulôn meukareuja uroe nyoe.

10. Kata keterangan tempat — Subjek + Kata kerja + Kata keterangan tempat — Sabjek + Verba + Kata keterangan pat — She lives there. — Shii livz dheer — Jih duek di sinan.

11. Frasa preposisi — Subjek + be + Frasa preposisi — Sabjek + be + Frasa preposisi — The book is on the table. — Dhe buk iz on dhe teybel — Kitab nyan na ateuh meja.

12. Objek langsung + Tempat — Subjek + Kata kerja + Objek langsung + Tempat — Sabjek + Verba + Objek langsung + Pat — I put a book on the table. — Ay put e buk on dhe teybel — Ulôn peuduek saboh kitab ateuh meja.

13. Penentu + Kata benda — Penentu + Kata benda — Penentu + Kata benda — This book is new. — Dhis buk iz nyuu — Kitab nyoe barô.

14. Penentu + Kata sifat + Kata benda — Penentu + Kata sifat + Kata benda — Penentu + Kata sifat + Kata benda — This big book is new. — Dhis big buk iz nyuu — Kitab rayeuk nyoe barô.

15. Bilangan + Kata benda — Bilangan + Kata benda — Bilangan + Kata benda — Two books are new. — Tuu buks ar nyuu — Dua boh kitab nyan barô.

16. Peusambong — Subjek + Kata kerja + and + Subjek + Kata kerja — Sabjek + Verba + and + Sabjek + Verba — I read and he writes. — Ay riid and hii rayts — Ulôn baca dan jih meunuleh.

17. Peusambong ngon objek — Subjek + Kata kerja + Objek langsung + and + Subjek + Kata kerja + Objek langsung — Sabjek + Verba + Objek langsung + and + Sabjek + Verba + Objek langsung — I read a book and he writes a letter. — Ay riid e buk and hii rayts e letter — Ulôn baca saboh kitab dan jih meunuleh saboh surat.

18. Kalimat pasif — Subjek + be + Bentuk kata kerja ketiga — Sabjek + be + V3 — The book is read. — Dhe buk iz red — Kitab nyan geubaca.

19. Kalimat pasif + Pelaku — Subjek + be + Bentuk kata kerja ketiga + by + Pelaku — Sabjek + be + V3 + by + Pelaku — The book is read by the teacher. — Dhe buk iz red bay dhe tiicher — Kitab nyan geubaca le guree.

20. Kalimat pasif + Objek teunira — Subjek + be + Bentuk kata kerja ketiga + to + Objek teunira — Sabjek + be + V3 + to + Objek teunira — The book is given to him. — Dhe buk iz given tuu him — Kitab nyan geubri keu jih.

21. Kalimat pasif + Objek teunira + Pelaku — Subjek + be + Bentuk kata kerja ketiga + to + Objek teunira + by + Pelaku — Sabjek + be + V3 + to + Objek teunira + by + Pelaku — The book is given to him by the teacher. — Dhe buk iz given tuu him bay dhe tiicher — Kitab nyan geubri keu jih le guree.

22. Kalimat pasif + Kata keterangan — Subjek + be + Bentuk kata kerja ketiga + Kata keterangan — Sabjek + be + V3 + Kata keterangan — The book is read now. — Dhe buk iz red naw — Kitab nyan teungoh geubaca jinoe.

23. Kalimat pasif + Tempat — Subjek + be + Bentuk kata kerja ketiga + Tempat — Sabjek + be + V3 + Pat — The book is put on the table. — Dhe buk iz put on dhe teybel — Kitab nyan geupeuduek ateuh meja.

24. Kalimat pasif + Pelaku + Kata keterangan waktu — Subjek + be + Bentuk kata kerja ketiga + by + Pelaku + Kata keterangan waktu — Sabjek + be + V3 + by + Pelaku + Watee — The book is read by the teacher today. — Dhe buk iz red bay dhe tiicher tudey — Kitab nyan geubaca le guree uroe nyoe.

25. Kalimat pasif + Objek teunira + Pelaku + Kata keterangan waktu — Subjek + be + Bentuk kata kerja ketiga + to + Objek teunira + by + Pelaku + Kata keterangan waktu — Sabjek + be + V3 + to + Objek teunira + by + Pelaku + Watee — The book is given to the student by the teacher today. — Dhe buk iz given tuu dhe styudent bay dhe tiicher tudey — Kitab nyan geubri keu murid le guree uroe nyoe.

26. Kalimat pasif sempurna masa kini — Subjek + has/have been + Bentuk kata kerja ketiga — Sabjek + has/have been + V3 — The book has been read. — Dhe buk haz bin red — Kitab nyan ka lheueh geubaca.

27. Kalimat pasif sempurna + Pelaku — Subjek + has/have been + Bentuk kata kerja ketiga + by + Pelaku — Sabjek + has/have been + V3 + by + Pelaku — The book has been read by the teacher. — Dhe buk haz bin red bay dhe tiicher — Kitab nyan ka lheueh geubaca le guree.

28. Kalimat pasif masa keuneulheueh — Subjek + will be + Bentuk kata kerja ketiga + Watee — Sabjek + will be + V3 + Watee — The book will be read tomorrow. — Dhe buk wil bii red tumoro — Kitab nyan teuma geubaca singoh.

29. Kalimat pasif masa keuneulheueh + Pelaku — Subjek + will be + Bentuk kata kerja ketiga + by + Pelaku + Watee — Sabjek + will be + V3 + by + Pelaku + Watee — The book will be read by the teacher tomorrow. — Dhe buk wil bii red bay dhe tiicher tumoro — Kitab nyan teuma geubaca le guree singoh.

30. Kalimat pasif ngon kata kerja modal — Subjek + Kata kerja modal + be + Bentuk kata kerja ketiga — Sabjek + Kata kerja modal + be + V3 — The book must be read. — Dhe buk mast bii red — Kitab nyan wajib geubaca.

31. Bentuk negatif — Subjek + Kata kerja bantu + not + Kata kerja — Sabjek + Kata kerja bantu + not + Kata kerja — I do not read a book. — Ay duu not riid e buk — Ulôn hana baca kitab.

32. Bentuk negatif kalimat pasif — Subjek + be + not + Bentuk kata kerja ketiga + by + Pelaku — Sabjek + be + not + V3 + by + Pelaku — The book is not read by the teacher. — Dhe buk iz not red bay dhe tiicher — Kitab nyan hana geubaca le guree.

33. Pertanyaan ya atawa hana — Kata kerja bantu + Subjek + Kata kerja? — Kata kerja bantu + Sabjek + Kata kerja? — Do you read a book? — Duu yuu riid e buk? — Droeneuh baca kitab?

34. Pertanyaan kalimat pasif — be + Subjek + Bentuk kata kerja ketiga? — be + Sabjek + V3? — Is the book being read? — Iz dhe buk bii-ing red? — Peu kitab nyan teungoh geubaca?

35. Pertanyaan tentang pelaku — who + Kata kerja + Objek langsung? — Who + Verba + Objek langsung? — Who reads the book? — Huu riidz dhe buk? — Soe nyang baca kitab nyan?

36. Pertanyaan tentang objek teunira — who/whom + Kata kerja bantu + Subjek + Kata kerja + Objek langsung + to? — Who/whom + Kata kerja bantu + Sabjek + Verba + Objek langsung + to? — Who do you give the book to? — Huu duu yuu giv dhe buk tuu? — Keu soe kitab nyan droeneuh bri?

37. Bentuk perintah — Kata kerja + ...! — Kata kerja + ...! — Read! — Riid! — Baca!

38. Perintah + Objek teunira — Kata kerja + Objek langsung + to + Objek teunira! — Verba + Objek langsung + to + Objek teunira! — Give the book to him! — Giv dhe buk tuu him! — Bri kitab nyan keu jih!

39. Perintah kalimat pasif — let + Objek langsung + be + Bentuk kata kerja ketiga! — Let + Objek langsung + be + V3! — Let the book be read! — Let dhe buk bii red! — Peubiyeu kitab nyan geubaca!

40. Infinitif — to + Kata kerja — to + Verba — to read — tuu riid — baca / keu baca.

41. Infinitif + Objek langsung — to + Kata kerja + Objek langsung — to + Verba + Objek langsung — to read a book — tuu riid e buk — baca saboh kitab.

42. Infinitif + Objek langsung nyang teuntè — to + Kata kerja + Objek langsung nyang teuntè — to + Verba + Objek langsung nyang teuntè — to read the book — tuu riid dhe buk — baca kitab nyan.

43. Tujuan — Subjek + Kata kerja + to + Kata kerja — Sabjek + Verba + to + Verba — I eat to play. — Ay iit tuu pley — Ulôn makèe mangat jeuet meuen.

44. Kalimat relatif — Kata benda + Kata penghubung relatif + Kalimat — Kata benda + Kata relatif + Kalimat — The book that I read is interesting. — Dhe buk dhat ay riid iz interesting — Kitab nyang ulôn baca nyan meunarek.

45. Kalimat relatif pasif — Kata benda + Kata penghubung relatif + Kalimat pasif — Kata benda + Kata relatif + Kalimat pasif — The book that is being read by the teacher is interesting. — Dhe buk dhat iz bii-ing red bay dhe tiicher iz interesting — Kitab nyang teungoh geubaca le guree nyan meunarek.

46. Syarat — if + Kalimat, Subjek + Kata kerja — if + Kalimat, Sabjek + Verba — If I have time, I read. — If ay hav taym, ay riid — Meunyoe ulôn na watee, ulôn baca.

47. Syarat + Kalimat pasif — if + Subjek + be + Bentuk kata kerja ketiga, Subjek + Kata kerja — if + Sabjek + be + V3, Sabjek + Verba — If the book is read, he learns. — If dhe buk iz red, hii lernz — Meunyoe kitab nyan geubaca, jih meuteumeung ilme.

48. Ucapan tidak langsung — Subjek + Kata kerja + that + Subjek + Kata kerja — Sabjek + Verba + that + Sabjek + Verba — He said that he was reading. — Hii sed dhat hii waz riiding — Jih geupeugah bahwa jih teungoh baca.

49. Pertanyaan tidak langsung — Subjek + Kata kerja + if/whether + Subjek + Kata kerja — Sabjek + Verba + if/whether + Sabjek + Verba — He asked if I was reading. — Hii askt if ay waz riiding — Jih meutanyoë peu ulôn teungoh baca atawa kon.

50. Perintah atawa peumintaan tidak langsung — Subjek + Kata kerja + Objek + to + Kata kerja — Sabjek + Verba + Objek + to + Verba — He asked me to read. — Hii askt mii tuu riid — Jih meulakee ulôn mangat baca.

Kata keterangan:

1. Cara: Kata keterangan cara biasa teuka lheueh kata kerja atawa objek. Sabjek + Kata kerja + Objek + Kata keterangan. I read the book quickly. — Ay riid dhe buk kwikli. — Ulôn baca kitab nyan ngon bagah.

2. Pat: Kata keterangan pat biasa teuka lheueh kata kerja atawa objek. Sabjek + Kata kerja + Objek + Pat. I read the book at home. — Ay riid dhe buk at hohm. — Ulôn baca kitab nyan di rumoh.

3. Watee: Kata keterangan watee biasa teuka bak akhe atawa awai kalimat. Sabjek + Kata kerja + Objek + Watee. I read the book yesterday. — Ay riid dhe buk yesterdey. — Ulôn ka baca kitab nyan baroe.

4. Kerap: Kata keterangan kerap biasa teuka sigohlom kata kerja utama. Sabjek + Kata keterangan kerap + Kata kerja. I often read books. — Ay ofen riid buks. — Ulôn uroe-uroe atawa sabe-sabe baca kitab.

5. Kerap + be: Kata keterangan kerap teuka lheueh kata kerja be. Sabjek + be + Kata keterangan kerap. He is always happy. — Hii iz olweyz hepi. — Jih sabe seunang.

6. Kerap + Kata kerja bantu: Kata keterangan kerap teuka lheueh kata kerja bantu nyang pertama. Sabjek + Kata kerja bantu + Kata keterangan kerap + Kata kerja. I have never seen it. — Ay hav never siin it. — Ulôn hana meuhat kalon nyan.

7. Tingkat: Kata keterangan tingkat teuka sigohlom kata sifat atawa kata keterangan nyang geupeujeulas. Sabjek + Kata keterangan tingkat + Kata sifat / Kata keterangan. It is very good. — It iz veri gud. — Nyan get that-that.

8. Tingkat + Kata kerja: Kata keterangan tingkat jeuet teuka sigohlom atawa lheueh kata kerja, depende bak kata keterangan nyang geupaké. Sabjek + Kata kerja + Kata keterangan. I really like it. — Ay rieli layk it. — Ulôn hana jeuet peugah, ulôn galak that bak nyan.

9. Kata keterangan kalimat: Kata keterangan nyoe jeuet teuka bak awai, teungoh, atawa akhe kalimat, dan peugah sikap ureung nyang peugah bak kalimat nyan. Kata keterangan + Kalimat. Fortunately, I won. — Forchunetli, ay won. — Alhamdulillah, ulôn meunang.

10. Kata keterangan komentar: Biasajih teuka bak awai kalimat dan peugah pendapat atawa komentar ureung nyang peugah. Kata keterangan + Kalimat. Honestly, I don't know. — Onestli, ay dont noh. — Meunyoe jujur, ulôn hana teupeu.

11. Kata keterangan peusambong: Biasajih teuka bak awai atawa teungoh kalimat dan peusambong dua pikiran atawa kalimat. Kalimat + Kata keterangan peusambong + Kalimat. I was tired; however, I worked. — Ay waz tayerd; hawever, ay werkt. — Ulôn lelah; teuma ulôn teutab meukareuja.

12. Arah: Kata keterangan arah biasa teuka lheueh kata kerja atawa objek. Sabjek + Kata kerja + Objek + Kata keterangan arah. She went outside. — Shii went awtsayd. — Jih geujak u lua.

13. Kerap nyang teuntè: Ungkapan kerap nyang teuntè jeuet teuka bak awai atawa akhe kalimat. Ungkapan watee + Kalimat. I go there every day. — Ay go dheer evri dey. — Ulôn jak u sinan tiap-tiap uroe.

14. Lam watee: Ungkapan lam watee biasa teuka bak akhe kalimat. Sabjek + Kata kerja + Objek + Lam watee. I studied for two hours. — Ay stadid for tuu awers. — Ulôn meurunoe dua jam treb.

15. Tujuan: Ungkapan tujuan biasa teuka bak akhe kalimat dan peugah sabab peubuet nyan geupeubuet. Kalimat + Tujuan. I went there to study. — Ay went dheer tuu stadi. — Ulôn geujak u sinan keu meurunoe.

OBJEK TEUNIRA: Indirect Object

# — Jenis — Susunan — Cara peugah susunan — Contoh — Cara peugah contoh — Makna

1. Objek teunira sigohlom objek langsung — Subjek + Kata kerja + Objek teunira + Objek langsung — Sabjek + Verba + Objek teunira + Objek langsung — I gave him a book. — Ay geyv him e buk — Ulôn ka bri keu jih saboh kitab.

2. Objek langsung + to + Objek teunira — Subjek + Kata kerja + Objek langsung + to + Objek teunira — Sabjek + Verba + Objek langsung + tuu + Objek teunira — I gave a book to him. — Ay geyv e buk tuu him — Ulôn ka bri saboh kitab keu jih.

3. Objek teunira sigohlom objek langsung — Subjek + Kata kerja + Objek teunira + Objek langsung — Sabjek + Verba + Objek teunira + Objek langsung — She sent me a letter. — Shii sent mii e letter — Jih ka peutamong saboh surat keu ulôn.

4. Objek langsung + to + Objek teunira — Subjek + Kata kerja + Objek langsung + to + Objek teunira — Sabjek + Verba + Objek langsung + tuu + Objek teunira — She sent a letter to me. — Shii sent e letter tuu mii — Jih ka peutamong saboh surat keu ulôn.

5. Objek teunira sigohlom objek langsung ngon for — Subjek + Kata kerja + Objek teunira + Objek langsung — Sabjek + Verba + Objek teunira + Objek langsung — I bought her a gift. — Ay bawt her e gift — Ulôn bloe saboh hadiah keu jih.

6. Objek langsung + for + Objek teunira — Subjek + Kata kerja + Objek langsung + for + Objek teunira — Sabjek + Verba + Objek langsung + for + Objek teunira — I bought a gift for her. — Ay bawt e gift for her — Ulôn bloe saboh hadiah keu jih.

7. Objek teunira dalam kalimat pasif — Objek teunira + be + Bentuk kata kerja ketiga + Objek langsung — Objek teunira + be + V3 + Objek langsung — He was given a book. — Hii waz given e buk — Jih geubri saboh kitab.

8. Objek langsung dalam kalimat pasif + to + Objek teunira — Objek langsung + be + Bentuk kata kerja ketiga + to + Objek teunira — Objek langsung + be + V3 + tuu + Objek teunira — A book was given to him. — E buk waz given tuu him — Saboh kitab geubri keu jih.

9. Pertanyaan tentang objek teunira — Kata tanyoë + Kata kerja bantu + Subjek + Kata kerja + Objek langsung + to? — Kata tanyoë + Kata kerja bantu + Sabjek + Verba + Objek langsung + tuu? — Who did you give it to? — Huu did yuu giv it tuu? — Keu soe nyang droeneuh bri nyan?

10. Pertanyaan resmi tentang objek teunira — To whom + Kata kerja bantu + Subjek + Kata kerja + Objek langsung? — Tuu huum + Kata kerja bantu + Sabjek + Verba + Objek langsung? — To whom did you give it? — Tuu huum did yuu giv it? — Keu soe nyang droeneuh bri nyan?

GENITIF: Milik atawa Hubungan

# — Jenis — Susunan — Cara peugah susunan — Contoh — Cara peugah contoh — Makna

1. Milik tunggal — Kata benda + 's + Kata benda — Kata benda + iz + Kata benda — John's car — Jonz kar — Moto milik John.

2. Milik ngon of — Kata benda + of + Kata benda — Kata benda + ov + Kata benda — the car of John — dhe kar ov Jon — Moto milik John.

3. Milik jamak nyang biasa — Kata benda jamak + ' + Kata benda — Kata benda jamak + apostrof + Kata benda — students' books — styudents buks — Kitab-kitab milik murid-murid.

4. Milik jamak nyang hana biasa — Kata benda + 's + Kata benda — Kata benda + iz + Kata benda — children's toys — childrenz toys — Mainan aneuk-aneuk.

5. Milik benda ngon of — Kata benda + of + Kata benda — Kata benda + ov + Kata benda — the roof of the house — dhe ruuf ov dhe haws — Atap rumoh nyan.

6. Penentu milik — Penentu milik + Kata benda — Penentu milik + Kata benda — my car — may kar — Moto ulôn.

7. Kata gantoe milik mandiri — Kata gantoe milik — Kata gantoe milik — The car is mine. — Dhe kar iz mayn — Moto nyan milik ulôn.

8. Milik ngon of — Kata benda + of + Kata gantoe milik — Kata benda + ov + Kata gantoe milik — a friend of mine — e frend ov mayn — Sidroe rakan ulôn.

9. Milik watee — Kata benda watee + 's + Kata benda — Kata benda watee + iz + Kata benda — today's news — tudeyz nyuuz — Berita uroe nyoe.

10. Milik ukuran watee — Bilangan + Unit ukuran + ' + Kata benda — Bilangan + Unit + apostrof + Kata benda — two weeks' vacation — tuu wiiks veykeyshen — Cuti dua minggu.

11. Pertanyaan tentang milik — whose + Kata benda? — huuz + Kata benda? — Whose book? — Huuz buk? — Kitab soe?

12. Milik dalam kalimat relatif — whose + Kata benda + Kalimat — huuz + Kata benda + Kalimat — the man whose car... — dhe man huuz kar... — Ureueng agam nyang motonjih...

13. Milik bersama — Kata benda pertama + and + Kata benda kedua + 's + Kata benda — Kata benda + and + Kata benda + iz + Kata benda — John and Mary's house — Jon and Meriz haws — Rumoh milik John dan Mary meusajan.

14. Milik meusendiri — Kata benda pertama + 's + and + Kata benda kedua + 's + Kata benda — Kata benda + iz + and + Kata benda + iz + Kata benda — John's and Mary's houses — Jonz and Meriz hawziz — Rumoh-rumoh milik John dan Mary, meusendiri.

KATA GANTOE MILIK MANDIRI

Ureueng — Penentu milik — Cara peugah penentu milik — Kata gantoe milik mandiri — Cara peugah kata gantoe milik — Contoh — Cara peugah contoh — Makna

I = ulôn — my — may — mine — mayn — This book is mine. — Dhis buk iz mayn — Kitab nyoe milik ulôn.

you = droeneuh — your — yor — yours — yorz — This book is yours. — Dhis buk iz yorz — Kitab nyoe milik droeneuh.

he = jih — his — hiz — his — hiz — This book is his. — Dhis buk iz hiz — Kitab nyoe milik jih.

she = jih — her — her — hers — herz — This book is hers. — Dhis buk iz herz — Kitab nyoe milik jih.

it = nyan, keu barang atawa binatang — its — its — Hana kata gantoe milik mandiri nyang biasa dipaké — — The dog hurt its leg. — Dhe dog hert its leg — Asè nyan teuka luka bak gaki jih.

we = geutanyoe/kami — our — awer — ours — awerz — This book is ours. — Dhis buk iz awerz — Kitab nyoe milik geutanyoe.

they = awaknyan — their — dheer — theirs — dheerz — This book is theirs. — Dhis buk iz dheerz — Kitab nyoe milik awaknyan.

The book is the boy's. = Kitab nyan milik aneuk agam nyan.

The book is for the boy. = Kitab nyan keu aneuk agam nyan.

WAS GOING TO: Hana lom, teuma ka na niat atawa geutanyoe geupeuget

Kata gantoe — Susunan — Cara peugah susunan — Contoh — Cara peugah contoh — Makna

I = ulôn — I + was going to + Kata kerja — Ay + waz going tuu + Verba — I was going to eat. — Ay waz going tuu iit — Ulôn geupeuget keu pajoh.

you = droeneuh — you + were going to + Kata kerja — Yuu + wer going tuu + Verba — You were going to eat. — Yuu wer going tuu iit — Droeneuh geupeuget keu pajoh.

he = jih — he + was going to + Kata kerja — Hii + waz going tuu + Verba — He was going to eat. — Hii waz going tuu iit — Jih geupeuget keu pajoh.

she = jih — she + was going to + Kata kerja — Shii + waz going tuu + Verba — She was going to eat. — Shii waz going tuu iit — Jih geupeuget keu pajoh.

it = nyan, keu barang atawa cuaca — it + was going to + Kata kerja — It + waz going tuu + Verba — It was going to rain. — It waz going tuu reyn — Ujeuen ka geupeukira teuka.

we = geutanyoe/kami — we + were going to + Kata kerja — Wii + wer going tuu + Verba — We were going to eat. — Wii wer going tuu iit — Geutanyoe geupeuget keu pajoh.

they = awaknyan — they + were going to + Kata kerja — Dhe + wer going tuu + Verba — They were going to eat. — Dhe wer going tuu iit — Awaknyan geupeuget keu pajoh.

Was about to / Were about to: Geupeuget nyang ka meudeuh teuka atawa ka teudek teuka.

Was about to = Saboh kejadian ka teudek teuka.

Was supposed to = Na rencana atawa kewajiban keu peubuet saboh perkara, teuma na hal nyang geupeugah atawa geupeugah laén.

I was supposed to clean up today, but due to the bad weather, I am not. = Ulôn seuharus jih meureusèh uroe nyoe, teuma sabab cuaca hana get, ulôn hana peubuet nyan.

2- Kata Benda (Nouns)

Konsep — Susunan — Contoh — Cara peugah — Makna

Jamak — Kata benda + s — books — buks — kitab-kitab

Jamak — Kata benda + es — boxes — boksiz — kotak-kotak

Tunggal ngon penentu — the + Kata benda — the book — dhe buk — kitab nyan

Jamak ngon penentu — the + Kata benda jamak — the books — dhe buks — kitab-kitab nyan

Tunggal hana teuntè — a + Kata benda — a book — e buk — saboh kitab

Tunggal hana teuntè — an + Kata benda, meunyoe kata nyan phon ngon bunyi vokal — an apple — en apel — saboh boh apel

Objek teunira — Subjek + Kata kerja + Objek teunira + Objek langsung — I give him the book. — Ay giv him dhe buk — Ulôn bri kitab nyan keu jih.

Objek teunira ngon to — Subjek + Kata kerja + Objek langsung + to + Objek teunira — I give the book to him. — Ay giv dhe buk tuu him — Ulôn bri kitab nyan keu jih.

Milik — Kata benda ureung nyang meumilik + 's + Kata benda nyang geumilik — John's car — Jonz kar — Moto John.

Milik jamak — Kata benda jamak ureung nyang meumilik + s' + Kata benda nyang geumilik — the boys' books — dhe boyz buks — Kitab-kitab aneuk agam nyan.

Milik ngon of — Kata benda nyang geumilik + of + Kata benda ureung nyang meumilik — the door of the house — dhe dor ov dhe haws — Pintu rumoh nyan.

Bentuk akhe kata — Peu nyang geutamah? — Contoh — Cara peugah

Sabagian rayek kata — -s — book → books — buk → buks

s — -es — bus → buses — bas → basiz

ss — -es — class → classes — klas → klasiz

sh — -es — dish → dishes — dish → dishiz

ch — -es — watch → watches — wach → wachiz

x — -es — box → boxes — boks → boksiz

z — -es — quiz → quizzes — kwiz → kwiziz

Konsonan + y — -ies — baby → babies — beybi → beybiz

Vokal + y — -s — boy → boys — boy → boyz

Sabagian kata f/fe — -ves — knife → knives — nayf → nayvz

Sabagian kata f/fe — -s — roof → roofs — ruuf → ruufs

Meunyoe hana teuntè, kata benda jamak biasa geupeuget ngon -s atawa -es, depende bak bentuk akhe kata nyan.

OBJEK TEUNIRA: Indirect Object

Na tiga cara dasar keu peuduek objek teunira lam bahasa Inggréh:

1- Subjek + Kata kerja + Objek teunira + Objek langsung

I give a boy a book. = Ulôn bri saboh kitab keu sidroe aneuk agam.

2- Subjek + Kata kerja + Objek langsung + to + Objek teunira

I give a book to a boy. = Ulôn bri saboh kitab keu sidroe aneuk agam.

3- Subjek + Kata kerja + to + Objek teunira + Objek langsung

I give to a boy a book. = Ulôn bri saboh kitab keu sidroe aneuk agam.

Cara nyoe teurasa hana biasa lam bahasa Inggréh jinoe. Cara phon ngon cara keudua leubeh umum geupaké.

GENITIF: Milik

Na dua cara dasar keu peugah milik lam bahasa Inggréh:

1- Ureueng nyang meumilik + 's + Barang nyang geumilik

The boy's book = Kitab milik aneuk agam nyan.

2- Barang nyang geumilik + of + Ureueng nyang meumilik

The book of the boy = Kitab milik aneuk agam nyan.

3- Kata Sifat (ADJECTIVES)

Jenis dalam bahasa Arab Gata-gata pembentukan dalam bahasa Arab Pelafalan pembentukan dalam bahasa Inggréh Contoh Pelafalan contoh Arti

Kata sifat deskriptif Kata sifat + kata benda Adjektif + naun a beautiful house a byutiful haus Rumoh nyang meuligat

Kata sifat kuantitatif Kuantitas + kata benda Kwantiti + naun many books meni buks Banyak buku

Kata sifat numerik Angka + kata benda Namber + naun three books thri buks Peutë buku

Kata sifat demonstratif this/that/these/those + kata benda dis/dat/dhiz/dhoz + naun this book dis buk Buku nyoe

Kata sifat kepunyaan my/your/his/her/its/our/their + kata benda mai/yor/hiz/her/its/aur/dher + naun my car mai kar Mobil lon

Kata sifat interogatif which/what/whose + kata benda wich/wot/huz + naun which book? wich buk? Buku nyang mana?

Kata sifat tak tentu Kata tak tentu + kata benda Indefinit word + naun some books sam buks Beberapa buku

Kata sifat distributif each/every/either/neither + kata benda ich/evri/aidher/naidher + naun each student ich styudent Tiap-tiap murid

Kata sifat yang dibentuk dari nama khas Nama khas → kata sifat Proper naun → adjektif English language Ing-glish leng-gwij Bahasa Inggréh

Kata sifat gabungan Kata + kata Word + word a well-known actor a wel-noun akter Aktor nyang meunan terkenal

Kata sifat dari partisipel kini/lampau V-ing / V-ed Vi-ing / Vi-ed a boring movie a boring muvi Film nyang peumaleh

Kata sifat komparatif Kata sifat + er / more + kata sifat Adjektif + er / mor + adjektif bigger house biger haus Rumoh nyang leubeh rayeuk

Kata sifat superlatif Kata sifat + est / most + kata sifat Adjektif + est / most + adjektif the biggest house dhe big-est haus Rumoh nyang paléng rayeuk

Kata sifat koordinatif Kata sifat + koma + kata sifat + kata benda Adjektif + koma + adjektif + naun a long, difficult journey a long, difikalt jerni Peujalanan nyang panyang ngon meureumpok

Kata sifat sebelum kata benda Kata sifat + kata benda Adjektif + naun a red car a red kar Mobil mirah

Kata sifat predikatif Subjek + be + kata sifat Sabjek + bi + adjektif The car is red. Dhe kar iz red Mobil nyan mirah.

Kata sifat setelah kata benda Kata benda + kata sifat Naun + adjektif something interesting samthing intristing Suatu nyang meunarek

Kata sifat berdiri sendiri Kata sifat Adjektif perfect perfekt Sampurna / ideal

Kata sifat penegas Kata sifat + kata benda Adjektif + naun my own car mai oun kar Mobil lon keudroe

Kata sifat seruan what + kata sifat + kata benda wot + adjektif + naun What a beautiful day! Wot a byutiful dei! Uroe nyoe meuligat that!

1. Masa kini sederhana — Present Simple

Pola: Subjek + am/is/are + pelengkap

Pelafalan pola: sabjek + am/iz/ar + kompliment

Kata ganti Pola Contoh Pelafalan contoh Arti

I I am I am happy. Ai am hepi Lon meutuah.

You You are You are happy. Yu ar hepi Gata meutuah.

He He is He is happy. Hi iz hepi Jih meutuah.

She She is She is happy. Shi iz hepi Jih meutuah.

It It is It is cold. It iz kold Cuaca nyan sejuk.

We We are We are happy. Wi ar hepi Kami meutuah.

You You are You are happy. Yu ar hepi Gata mandum meutuah.

They They are They are happy. Dhei ar hepi Gobnyan mandum meutuah.

2. Masa lampau sederhana — Past Simple

Pola: Subjek + was/were + pelengkap

Pelafalan pola: sabjek + woz/wer + kompliment

Kata ganti Pola Contoh Pelafalan contoh Arti

I I was I was happy. Ai woz hepi Lon meutuah dilee.

You You were You were happy. Yu wer hepi Gata meutuah dilee.

He He was He was happy. Hi woz hepi Jih meutuah dilee.

She She was She was happy. Shi woz hepi Jih meutuah dilee.

It It was It was cold. It woz kold Cuaca nyan sejuk dilee.

We We were We were happy. Wi wer hepi Kami meutuah dilee.

You You were You were happy. Yu wer hepi Gata mandum meutuah dilee.

They They were They were happy. Dhei wer hepi Gobnyan mandum meutuah dilee.

3. Masa depan sederhana — Future Simple

Pola: Subjek + will be + pelengkap

Pelafalan pola: sabjek + wil bi + kompliment

Kata ganti Pola Contoh Pelafalan contoh Arti

I I will be I will be happy. Ai wil bi hepi Lon akan meutuah.

You You will be You will be happy. Yu wil bi hepi Gata akan meutuah.

He He will be He will be happy. Hi wil bi hepi Jih akan meutuah.

She She will be She will be happy. Shi wil bi hepi Jih akan meutuah.

It It will be It will be cold. It wil bi kold Cuaca nyan akan sejuk.

We We will be We will be happy. Wi wil bi hepi Kami akan meutuah.

You You will be You will be happy. Yu wil bi hepi Gata mandum akan meutuah.

They They will be They will be happy. Dhei wil bi hepi Gobnyan mandum akan meutuah.

4. Masa kini berterusan — Present Continuous

Pola: Subjek + am/is/are being + pelengkap

Pelafalan pola: sabjek + am/iz/ar biing + kompliment

Kata ganti Pola Contoh Pelafalan contoh Arti

I I am being I am being careful. Ai am biing kerful Lon teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati.

You You are being You are being careful. Yu ar biing kerful Gata teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati.

He He is being He is being careful. Hi iz biing kerful Jih teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati.

She She is being She is being careful. Shi iz biing kerful Jih teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati.

It It is being It is being repaired. It iz biing ripeerd Benda nyan teungoh geupeubaiki.

We We are being We are being careful. Wi ar biing kerful Kami teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati.

You You are being You are being careful. Yu ar biing kerful Gata mandum teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati.

They They are being They are being careful. Dhei ar biing kerful Gobnyan mandum teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati.

5. Masa lampau berterusan — Past Continuous

Pola: Subjek + was/were being + pelengkap

Pelafalan pola: sabjek + woz/wer biing + kompliment

Kata ganti Pola Contoh Pelafalan contoh Arti

I I was being I was being careful. Ai woz biing kerful Lon teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati bak watee nyan.

You You were being You were being careful. Yu wer biing kerful Gata teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati bak watee nyan.

He He was being He was being careful. Hi woz biing kerful Jih teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati bak watee nyan.

She She was being She was being careful. Shi woz biing kerful Jih teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati bak watee nyan.

It It was being It was being repaired. It woz biing ripeerd Benda nyan teungoh geupeubaiki bak watee nyan.

We We were being We were being careful. Wi wer biing kerful Kami teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati bak watee nyan.

You You were being You were being careful. Yu wer biing kerful Gata mandum teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati bak watee nyan.

They They were being They were being careful. Dhei wer biing kerful Gobnyan mandum teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati bak watee nyan.

6. Masa depan berterusan — Future Continuous

Pola: Subjek + will be being + pelengkap

Pelafalan pola: sabjek + wil bi biing + kompliment

Kata ganti Contoh Pelafalan contoh Arti

I I will be being careful. Ai wil bi biing kerful Lon akan teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati.

You You will be being careful. Yu wil bi biing kerful Gata akan teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati.

He He will be being careful. Hi wil bi biing kerful Jih akan teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati.

She She will be being careful. Shi wil bi biing kerful Jih akan teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati.

It It will be being repaired. It wil bi biing ripeerd Benda nyan akan teungoh geupeubaiki.

We We will be being careful. Wi wil bi biing kerful Kami akan teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati.

You You will be being careful. Yu wil bi biing kerful Gata mandum akan teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati.

They They will be being careful. Dhei wil bi biing kerful Gobnyan mandum akan teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati.

Masa nyoe betoi secara tata bahasa, teuma jarang that geupaké dalam bahasa Inggréh nyang alami.

7. Masa kini sempurna — Present Perfect

Pola: Subjek + have/has been + pelengkap

Pelafalan pola: sabjek + hav/haz bin + kompliment

Kata ganti Contoh Pelafalan contoh Arti

I I have been happy. Ai hav bin hepi Lon ka meutuah.

You You have been happy. Yu hav bin hepi Gata ka meutuah.

He He has been happy. Hi haz bin hepi Jih ka meutuah.

She She has been happy. Shi haz bin hepi Jih ka meutuah.

It It has been cold. It haz bin kold Cuaca nyan ka sejuk.

We We have been happy. Wi hav bin hepi Kami ka meutuah.

You You have been happy. Yu hav bin hepi Gata mandum ka meutuah.

They They have been happy. Dhei hav bin hepi Gobnyan mandum ka meutuah.

8. Masa lampau sempurna — Past Perfect

Pola: Subjek + had been + pelengkap

Pelafalan pola: sabjek + had bin + kompliment

Kata ganti Contoh Pelafalan contoh Arti

I I had been happy. Ai had bin hepi Lon ka meutuah seugohlom watee nyan.

You You had been happy. Yu had bin hepi Gata ka meutuah seugohlom watee nyan.

He He had been happy. Hi had bin hepi Jih ka meutuah seugohlom watee nyan.

She She had been happy. Shi had bin hepi Jih ka meutuah seugohlom watee nyan.

It It had been cold. It had bin kold Cuaca nyan ka sejuk seugohlom watee nyan.

We We had been happy. Wi had bin hepi Kami ka meutuah seugohlom watee nyan.

You You had been happy. Yu had bin hepi Gata mandum ka meutuah seugohlom watee nyan.

They They had been happy. Dhei had bin hepi Gobnyan mandum ka meutuah seugohlom watee nyan.

9. Masa depan sempurna — Future Perfect

Pola: Subjek + will have been + pelengkap

Pelafalan pola: sabjek + wil hav bin + kompliment

Kata ganti Contoh Pelafalan contoh Arti

I I will have been happy. Ai wil hav bin hepi Lon ka meutuah nyan bak watee nyang akan teuka.

You You will have been happy. Yu wil hav bin hepi Gata ka meutuah nyan bak watee nyang akan teuka.

He He will have been happy. Hi wil hav bin hepi Jih ka meutuah nyan bak watee nyang akan teuka.

She She will have been happy. Shi wil hav bin hepi Jih ka meutuah nyan bak watee nyang akan teuka.

It It will have been cold. It wil hav bin kold Cuaca nyan ka sejuk nyan bak watee nyang akan teuka.

We We will have been happy. Wi wil hav bin hepi Kami ka meutuah nyan bak watee nyang akan teuka.

You You will have been happy. Yu wil hav bin hepi Gata mandum ka meutuah nyan bak watee nyang akan teuka.

They They will have been happy. Dhei wil hav bin hepi Gobnyan mandum ka meutuah nyan bak watee nyang akan teuka.

10. Masa kini sempurna berterusan — Present Perfect Continuous

Pola: Subjek + have/has been being + pelengkap

Pelafalan pola: sabjek + hav/haz bin biing + kompliment

Kata ganti Contoh Pelafalan contoh Arti

I I have been being careful. Ai hav bin biing kerful Lon ka teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati.

You You have been being careful. Yu hav bin biing kerful Gata ka teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati.

He He has been being careful. Hi haz bin biing kerful Jih ka teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati.

She She has been being careful. Shi haz bin biing kerful Jih ka teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati.

It It has been being repaired. It haz bin biing ripeerd Benda nyan ka teungoh geupeubaiki.

We We have been being careful. Wi hav bin biing kerful Kami ka teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati.

You You have been being careful. Yu hav bin biing kerful Gata mandum ka teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati.

They They have been being careful. Dhei hav bin biing kerful Gobnyan mandum ka teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati.

11. Masa lampau sempurna berterusan — Past Perfect Continuous

Pola: Subjek + had been being + pelengkap

Pelafalan pola: sabjek + had bin biing + kompliment

Kata ganti Contoh Pelafalan contoh Arti

I I had been being careful. Ai had bin biing kerful Lon ka teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati seugohlom watee nyan.

You You had been being careful. Yu had bin biing kerful Gata ka teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati seugohlom watee nyan.

He He had been being careful. Hi had bin biing kerful Jih ka teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati seugohlom watee nyan.

She She had been being careful. Shi had bin biing kerful Jih ka teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati seugohlom watee nyan.

It It had been being repaired. It had bin biing ripeerd Benda nyan ka teungoh geupeubaiki seugohlom watee nyan.

We We had been being careful. Wi had bin biing kerful Kami ka teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati seugohlom watee nyan.

You You had been being careful. Yu had bin biing kerful Gata mandum ka teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati seugohlom watee nyan.

They They had been being careful. Dhei had bin biing kerful Gobnyan mandum ka teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati seugohlom watee nyan.

12. Masa depan sempurna berterusan — Future Perfect Continuous

Pola: Subjek + will have been being + pelengkap

Pelafalan pola: sabjek + wil hav bin biing + kompliment

Kata ganti Contoh Pelafalan contoh Arti

I I will have been being careful. Ai wil hav bin biing kerful Lon ka teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati bak watee nyang akan teuka.

You You will have been being careful. Yu wil hav bin biing kerful Gata ka teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati bak watee nyang akan teuka.

He He will have been being careful. Hi wil hav bin biing kerful Jih ka teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati bak watee nyang akan teuka.

She She will have been being careful. Shi wil hav bin biing kerful Jih ka teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati bak watee nyang akan teuka.

It It will have been being repaired. It wil hav bin biing ripeerd Benda nyan ka teungoh geupeubaiki bak watee nyang akan teuka.

We We will have been being careful. Wi wil hav bin biing kerful Kami ka teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati bak watee nyang akan teuka.

You You will have been being careful. Yu wil hav bin biing kerful Gata mandum ka teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati bak watee nyang akan teuka.

They They will have been being careful. Dhei wil hav bin biing kerful Gobnyan mandum ka teungoh meulaku ngon hati-hati bak watee nyang akan teuka.

4- Kata Ganti (PRONOUNS)

1. Kata ganti persona — Mandum bentuk dasar

Bentuk / Makna Arab | Susunan dalam Bahasa Arab | Cara baca susunan dalam Bahasa Inggréh | Kata ganti | Cara baca | Makna

Bentuk subjek | Kata ganti subjek | Subject pronoun | I | Ai | Lon

Bentuk subjek | Kata ganti subjek | Subject pronoun | you | Yu | Gata / awak droeneuh

Bentuk subjek | Kata ganti subjek | Subject pronoun | he | Hi | Jih (agam)

Bentuk subjek | Kata ganti subjek | Subject pronoun | she | Shi | Jih (inong)

Bentuk subjek | Kata ganti subjek | Subject pronoun | it | It | Jih atawa nyan keu barang atawa makhluk hana manusia

Bentuk subjek | Kata ganti subjek | Subject pronoun | we | Wi | Kamoe / geutanyoe

Bentuk subjek | Kata ganti subjek | Subject pronoun | they | Dhe | Awaknyan

Contoh-contoh

Kata ganti | Contoh | Cara baca | Makna

I | I read. | Ai rid | Lon baca.

you | You work. | Yu werk | Gata keureuja.

he | He sleeps. | Hi sliips | Jih meuteungeut.

she | She cooks. | Shi kuks | Jih (inong) masak.

it | It works. | It werks | Nyan beukeureuja.

we | We study. | Wi stadi | Kamoe meuphom pelajaran.

they | They live here. | Dhe liv hir | Awaknyan tinggai di sinoe.

2. Bentuk objek — Objek langsung dan hana langsung

Bentuk nyoe geupeuguna bak kata ganti objek langsung dan objek hana langsung.

Makna Arab | Susunan dalam Bahasa Arab | Cara baca susunan dalam Bahasa Inggréh | Kata ganti | Cara baca | Makna

Bentuk objek | Kata ganti objek | Object pronoun | me | Mi | Lon / keu lon

Bentuk objek | Kata ganti objek | Object pronoun | you | Yu | Gata / keu gata

Bentuk objek | Kata ganti objek | Object pronoun | him | Him | Jih / keu jih (agam)

Bentuk objek | Kata ganti objek | Object pronoun | her | Her | Jih / keu jih (inong)

Bentuk objek | Kata ganti objek | Object pronoun | it | It | Nyan / keu nyan keu barang atawa makhluk hana manusia

Bentuk objek | Kata ganti objek | Object pronoun | us | As | Kamoe / keu kamoe

Bentuk objek | Kata ganti objek | Object pronoun | them | Dhem | Awaknyan / keu awaknyan

Contoh-contoh

Contoh | Cara baca | Makna

She called me. | Shi kold mi | Jih (inong) neutelepon lon.

I saw you. | Ai so yu | Lon kalon gata.

We helped him. | Wi helpt him | Kamoe tulong jih.

I know her. | Ai no her | Lon tuhu jih.

I bought it. | Ai bot it | Lon bloe nyan.

He invited us. | Hi invaited as | Jih neujak kamoe.

She called them. | Shi kold dhem | Jih (inong) neutelepon awaknyan.

3. Kata ganti kepunyaan di muka kata benda

Bentuk nyoe geupeuguna lagee kata sifat kepunyaan, nyang teuma geutuleh di muka kata benda.

Makna Arab | Susunan | Cara baca susunan | Kata ganti | Cara baca | Makna

Kepunyaan | my + kata benda | Mai + noun | my | Mai | Lon punya

Kepunyaan | your + kata benda | Yor + noun | your | Yor | Gata punya

Kepunyaan | his + kata benda | Hiz + noun | his | Hiz | Jih punya (agam)

Kepunyaan | her + kata benda | Her + noun | her | Her | Jih punya (inong)

Kepunyaan | its + kata benda | Its + noun | its | Its | Nyan punya, keu barang atawa makhluk hana manusia

Kepunyaan | our + kata benda | Awer + noun | our | Awer | Kamoe punya

Kepunyaan | their + kata benda | Dher + noun | their | Dher | Awaknyan punya

Contoh-contoh

Contoh | Cara baca | Makna

My book is new. | Mai buk iz nyu | Buku lon baro.

Your car is fast. | Yor kar iz fast | Moto gata capat.

His house is big. | Hiz haus iz big | Rumoh jih rayeuk.

Her phone is new. | Her fon iz nyu | Telepon jih (inong) baro.

Its color is beautiful. | Its kaler iz byutiful | Warna jih indah.

Our teacher is nice. | Awer ticher iz nais | Guree kamoe geutanyoe ureung get.

Their house is large. | Dher haus iz larj | Rumoh awaknyan rayeuk.

4. Kata ganti kepunyaan mandiri

Bentuk nyoe geupeuguna tanpa kata benda teuma.

Makna Arab | Susunan | Cara baca susunan | Kata ganti | Cara baca | Makna

Kepunyaan mandiri | mine | Main | mine | Main | Lon punya / milik lon

Kepunyaan mandiri | yours | Yor-z | yours | Yor-z | Gata punya / milik gata

Kepunyaan mandiri | his | Hiz | his | Hiz | Jih punya / milik jih (agam)

Kepunyaan mandiri | hers | Herz | hers | Herz | Jih punya / milik jih (inong)

Kepunyaan mandiri | ours | Awer-z | ours | Awer-z | Kamoe punya / milik kamoe

Kepunyaan mandiri | theirs | Dher-z | theirs | Dher-z | Awaknyan punya / milik awaknyan

Catatan: Kata ganti kepunyaan mandiri jarang geupeuguna keu it.

Contoh-contoh

Contoh | Cara baca | Makna

This book is mine. | Dhis buk iz main | Buku nyoe milik lon.

The car is yours. | Dhe kar iz yor-z | Moto nyan milik gata.

The house is his. | Dhe haus iz hiz | Rumoh nyan milik jih.

The bag is hers. | Dhe bag iz herz | Tas nyan milik jih (inong).

The room is ours. | Dhe rum iz awer-z | Kamar nyan milik kamoe.

The books are theirs. | Dhe buks ar dher-z | Buku-buku nyan milik awaknyan.

5. Kata ganti refleksif

Bentuk nyoe geupeuguna meunyoe subjek dan objek merujuk keu ureung atawa barang nyang saban.

Makna Arab | Susunan | Cara baca susunan | Kata ganti | Cara baca | Makna

Refleksif | my + self | Mai + self | myself | Mai self | Droeneuh lon / diri lon

Refleksif | your + self | Yor + self | yourself | Yor self | Droeneuh gata / diri gata

Refleksif | him + self | Him + self | himself | Him self | Diri jih (agam)

Refleksif | her + self | Her + self | herself | Her self | Diri jih (inong)

Refleksif | it + self | It + self | itself | It self | Diri nyan keu barang atawa makhluk hana manusia

Refleksif | our + selves | Awer + selves | ourselves | Awer selves | Diri kamoe

Refleksif | your + selves | Yor + selves | yourselves | Yor selves | Diri gata mandum

Refleksif | them + selves | Dhem + selves | themselves | Dhem selves | Diri awaknyan

Contoh-contoh

Contoh | Cara baca | Makna

I hurt myself. | Ai hert mai self | Lon peunyakiet droe lon.

You did it yourself. | Yu did it yor self | Gata keureuja nyan keudroe.

He introduced himself. | Hi introdust him self | Jih peugah nan jih keudroe.

She taught herself English. | Shi tot her self Inggrish | Jih (inong) meuphom Bahasa Inggréh keudroe.

The machine turned itself off. | Dhe mashin ternd it self of | Mesin nyan mate keudroe.

We enjoyed ourselves. | Wi enjoid awer selves | Kamoe meunikmat watee nyan.

They introduced themselves. | Dhey introdust dhem selves | Awaknyan peugah nan awaknyan keudroe.

6. Kata ganti tunjuk

Makna Arab | Susunan | Cara baca susunan | Kata ganti | Cara baca | Makna

Tunjuk tunggal dekat | this | Dhis | this | Dhis | Nyoe

Tunjuk tunggal jauh | that | Dhat | that | Dhat | Nyan

Tunjuk jamak dekat | these | Dhiz | these | Dhiz | Mandum nyoe

Tunjuk jamak jauh | those | Dhoz | those | Dhoz | Mandum nyan

Contoh-contoh

This is my book.

Dhis iz mai buk.

Nyoe buku lon.

That is your car.

Dhat iz yor kar.

Nyan moto gata.

These are my shoes.

Dhiz ar mai shuz.

Nyoe sepatu lon.

Those are their houses.

Dhoz ar dher hauziz.

Nyan rumoh-rumoh awaknyan.

7. Kata ganti tanyoeng

Makna Arab | Susunan | Cara baca susunan | Kata ganti | Cara baca | Makna

Keu peurtanyaan tentang ureung | who | Hu | who | Hu | Soe?

Keu objek ureung | whom | Hum | whom | Hum | Soe nyang geukenai le peurbuatan?

Keu kepunyaan | whose | Huz | whose | Huz | Soe punya?

Keu barang atawa pilihan | what | Wat | what | Wat | Peu?

Keu pilihan | which | Wich | which | Wich | Nyang pat?

Contoh-contoh

Who called you?

Hu kold yu?

Soe nyang telepon gata?

Whom did you see?

Hum did yu si?

Soe nyang gata kalon?

Whose is this?

Huz iz dhis?

Nyoe milik soe?

What happened?

Wat hapend?

Peu nyang teujadi?

Which is yours?

Wich iz yor-z?

Nyang pat nyang milik gata?

8. Kata ganti penghubung

Makna Arab | Susunan | Cara baca susunan | Kata ganti | Cara baca | Makna

Keu ureung | who | Hu | who | Hu | Nyang / ureung nyang

Keu objek ureung | whom | Hum | whom | Hum | Nyang / ureung nyang

Keu kepunyaan | whose | Huz | whose | Huz | Nyang milik jih

Keu barang atawa makhluk hana manusia | which | Wich | which | Wich | Nyang

Keu ureung atawa barang | that | Dhat | that | Dhat | Nyang

Contoh-contoh

The man who works here is my brother.

Dhe man hu werks hir iz mai bradher.

Ureung agam nyang keureuja di sinoe nyan adoe agam lon.

The book which I bought is interesting.

Dhe buk wich ai bot iz intresting.

Buku nyang lon bloe nyan menarik.

The girl whose car was stolen called the police.

Dhe gerl huz kar woz stolen kold dhe polis.

Gadis nyang moton geucuri nyan neutelepon pulisi.

9. Kata ganti hana tentu

Bentuk nyoe geupeuguna keu ureung atawa barang nyang hana geuseubot secara khusus.

Makna | Kata ganti | Cara baca | Makna

Ureung hana tentu | someone | Sam wan | Seseorang

Ureung hana tentu | somebody | Sam badi | Seseorang

Ureung hana tentu dalam kalimat negatif atawa peurtanyaan | anyone | Eni wan | Sapa mantong

Ureung hana tentu dalam kalimat negatif atawa peurtanyaan | anybody | Eni badi | Sapa mantong

Hana soe | no one | No wan | Hana soe

Hana soe | nobody | No badi | Hana soe

Mandum ureung | everyone | Evri wan | Mandum ureung

Mandum ureung | everybody | Evri badi | Mandum ureung

Saboh barang | something | Samthing | Saboh barang

Barang peu mantong | anything | Eni thing | Peu mantong

Hana barang | nothing | Nathing | Hana peu

Mandum barang | everything | Evri thing | Mandum barang

5- Masa-masa Kata Keureuja (TENSES)

1. Masa kini sederhana

Peugunaan: keubiasaan, fakta, dan peurbuatan nyang geulakukan berulang-ulang.

Susunan: Subjek + V1 + ...

Kata ganti | Kalimat | Cara baca | Makna

I | I work. | Ai werk | Lon keureuja.

you | You work. | Yu werk | Gata keureuja.

he | He works. | Hi werks | Jih keureuja.

she | She works. | Shi werks | Jih (inong) keureuja.

it | It works. | It werks | Nyan beukeureuja.

we | We work. | Wi werk | Kamoe keureuja.

you | You work. | Yu werk | Gata mandum keureuja.

they | They work. | Dhey werk | Awaknyan keureuja.

Keu he / she / it, kata keureuja biasajih ditamah -s.

2. Masa lampau sederhana

Peugunaan: peurbuatan nyang ka teujadi bak masa lampau.

Susunan: Subjek + V2 + ...

Kata ganti | Kalimat | Cara baca | Makna

I | I worked. | Ai werkt | Lon ka keureuja.

you | You worked. | Yu werkt | Gata ka keureuja.

he | He worked. | Hi werkt | Jih ka keureuja.

she | She worked. | Shi werkt | Jih (inong) ka keureuja.

it | It worked. | It werkt | Nyan ka beukeureuja.

we | We worked. | Wi werkt | Kamoe ka keureuja.

you | You worked. | Yu werkt | Gata mandum ka keureuja.

they | They worked. | Dhey werkt | Awaknyan ka keureuja.

3. Masa depan sederhana

Peugunaan: peurbuatan nyang akan teujadi bak masa depan.

Susunan: Subjek + will + V1

Kata ganti | Kalimat | Cara baca | Makna

I | I will work. | Ai wil werk | Lon akan keureuja.

you | You will work. | Yu wil werk | Gata akan keureuja.

he | He will work. | Hi wil werk | Jih akan keureuja.

she | She will work. | Shi wil werk | Jih (inong) akan keureuja.

it | It will work. | It wil werk | Nyan akan beukeureuja.

we | We will work. | Wi wil werk | Kamoe akan keureuja.

you | You will work. | Yu wil werk | Gata mandum akan keureuja.

they | They will work. | Dhey wil werk | Awaknyan akan keureuja.

4. Masa kini sedang berlangsung

Peugunaan: peurbuatan nyang teungoh teujadi bak watee nyoe.

Susunan: Subjek + am/is/are + V-ing

Kata ganti | Kalimat | Cara baca | Makna

I | I am working. | Ai am werking | Lon teungoh keureuja.

you | You are working. | Yu ar werking | Gata teungoh keureuja.

he | He is working. | Hi iz werking | Jih teungoh keureuja.

she | She is working. | Shi iz werking | Jih (inong) teungoh keureuja.

it | It is working. | It iz werking | Nyan teungoh beukeureuja.

we | We are working. | Wi ar werking | Kamoe teungoh keureuja.

you | You are working. | Yu ar werking | Gata mandum teungoh keureuja.

they | They are working. | Dhey ar werking | Awaknyan teungoh keureuja.

5. Masa lampau sedang berlangsung

Peugunaan: peurbuatan nyang teungoh teujadi bak saboh watee khusus di masa lampau.

Susunan: Subjek + was/were + V-ing

Kata ganti | Kalimat | Cara baca | Makna

I | I was working. | Ai woz werking | Lon teungoh keureuja bak watee nyan.

you | You were working. | Yu wer werking | Gata teungoh keureuja bak watee nyan.

he | He was working. | Hi woz werking | Jih teungoh keureuja bak watee nyan.

she | She was working. | Shi woz werking | Jih (inong) teungoh keureuja bak watee nyan.

it | It was working. | It woz werking | Nyan teungoh beukeureuja bak watee nyan.

we | We were working. | Wi wer werking | Kamoe teungoh keureuja bak watee nyan.

you | You were working. | Yu wer werking | Gata mandum teungoh keureuja bak watee nyan.

they | They were working. | Dhey wer werking | Awaknyan teungoh keureuja bak watee nyan.

6. Masa depan sedang berlangsung

Peugunaan: peurbuatan nyang akan teungoh teujadi bak saboh watee khusus di masa depan.

Susunan: Subjek + will be + V-ing

Kata ganti | Kalimat | Cara baca | Makna

I | I will be working. | Ai wil bi werking | Lon akan teungoh keureuja.

you | You will be working. | Yu wil bi werking | Gata akan teungoh keureuja.

he | He will be working. | Hi wil bi werking | Jih akan teungoh keureuja.

she | She will be working. | Shi wil bi werking | Jih (inong) akan teungoh keureuja.

it | It will be working. | It wil bi werking | Nyan akan teungoh beukeureuja.

we | We will be working. | Wi wil bi werking | Kamoe akan teungoh keureuja.

you | You will be working. | Yu wil bi werking | Gata mandum akan teungoh keureuja.

they | They will be working. | Dhey wil bi werking | Awaknyan akan teungoh keureuja.

7. Masa kini sempurna

Peugunaan: peurbuatan nyang ka teujadi di masa lampau, tapi na hubungan ngon keadaan jinoe, atawa peurbuatan nyang teujadi tanpa watee khusus nyang geutentukeun.

Susunan: Subjek + have/has + V3

Kata ganti | Kalimat | Cara baca | Makna

I | I have worked. | Ai hav werkt | Lon ka keureuja.

you | You have worked. | Yu hav werkt | Gata ka keureuja.

he | He has worked. | Hi haz werkt | Jih ka keureuja.

she | She has worked. | Shi haz werkt | Jih (inong) ka keureuja.

it | It has worked. | It haz werkt | Nyan ka beukeureuja.

we | We have worked. | Wi hav werkt | Kamoe ka keureuja.

you | You have worked. | Yu hav werkt | Gata mandum ka keureuja.

they | They have worked. | Dhey hav werkt | Awaknyan ka keureuja.

8. Masa lampau sempurna

Peugunaan: peurbuatan nyang ka seuleusoe leubeh awai nibak peurbuatan laén di masa lampau.

Susunan: Subjek + had + V3

Kata ganti | Kalimat | Cara baca | Makna

I | I had worked. | Ai had werkt | Lon ka seuleusoe keureuja seugohlom nyan.

you | You had worked. | Yu had werkt | Gata ka seuleusoe keureuja seugohlom nyan.

he | He had worked. | Hi had werkt | Jih ka seuleusoe keureuja seugohlom nyan.

she | She had worked. | Shi had werkt | Jih (inong) ka seuleusoe keureuja seugohlom nyan.

it | It had worked. | It had werkt | Nyan ka seuleusoe beukeureuja seugohlom nyan.

we | We had worked. | Wi had werkt | Kamoe ka seuleusoe keureuja seugohlom nyan.

you | You had worked. | Yu had werkt | Gata mandum ka seuleusoe keureuja seugohlom nyan.

they | They had worked. | Dhey had werkt | Awaknyan ka seuleusoe keureuja seugohlom nyan.

9. Masa depan sempurna

Peugunaan: peurbuatan nyang akan ka seuleusoe seugohlom saboh watee di masa depan.

Susunan: Subjek + will have + V3

Kata ganti | Kalimat | Cara baca | Makna

I | I will have worked. | Ai wil hav werkt | Lon akan ka seuleusoe keureuja seugohlom watee nyan.

you | You will have worked. | Yu wil hav werkt | Gata akan ka seuleusoe keureuja seugohlom watee nyan.

he | He will have worked. | Hi wil hav werkt | Jih akan ka seuleusoe keureuja seugohlom watee nyan.

she | She will have worked. | Shi wil hav werkt | Jih (inong) akan ka seuleusoe keureuja seugohlom watee nyan.

it | It will have worked. | It wil hav werkt | Nyan akan ka seuleusoe beukeureuja seugohlom watee nyan.

we | We will have worked. | Wi wil hav werkt | Kamoe akan ka seuleusoe keureuja seugohlom watee nyan.

you | You will have worked. | Yu wil hav werkt | Gata mandum akan ka seuleusoe keureuja seugohlom watee nyan.

they | They will have worked. | Dhey wil hav werkt | Awaknyan akan ka seuleusoe keureuja seugohlom watee nyan.

10. Masa kini sempurna sedang berlangsung

Peugunaan: peurbuatan nyang ka teujadi di masa lampau, teuma meusambong sampoe jinoe atawa baro mantong seuleusoe.

Susunan: Subjek + have/has been + V-ing

Kata ganti | Kalimat | Cara baca | Makna

I | I have been working. | Ai hav bin werking | Lon ka teungoh keureuja leubeh awai dan mantong keureuja jinoe.

you | You have been working. | Yu hav bin werking | Gata ka teungoh keureuja leubeh awai dan mantong keureuja jinoe.

he | He has been working. | Hi haz bin werking | Jih ka teungoh keureuja leubeh awai dan mantong keureuja jinoe.

she | She has been working. | Shi haz bin werking | Jih (inong) ka teungoh keureuja leubeh awai dan mantong keureuja jinoe.

it | It has been working. | It haz bin werking | Nyan ka teungoh beukeureuja leubeh awai dan mantong beukeureuja jinoe.

we | We have been working. | Wi hav bin werking | Kamoe ka teungoh keureuja leubeh awai dan mantong keureuja jinoe.

you | You have been working. | Yu hav bin werking | Gata mandum ka teungoh keureuja leubeh awai dan mantong keureuja jinoe.

they | They have been working. | Dhey hav bin werking | Awaknyan ka teungoh keureuja leubeh awai dan mantong keureuja jinoe.

11. Masa lampau sempurna sedang berlangsung

Peugunaan: peurbuatan nyang ka teungoh teujadi selang watee seugohlom titik masa lampau nyang laén.

Susunan: Subjek + had been + V-ing

Kata ganti | Kalimat | Cara baca | Makna

I | I had been working. | Ai had bin werking | Lon ka teungoh keureuja seugohlom watee nyan.

you | You had been working. | Yu had bin werking | Gata ka teungoh keureuja seugohlom watee nyan.

he | He had been working. | Hi had bin werking | Jih ka teungoh keureuja seugohlom watee nyan.

she | She had been working. | Shi had bin werking | Jih (inong) ka teungoh keureuja seugohlom watee nyan.

it | It had been working. | It had bin werking | Nyan ka teungoh beukeureuja seugohlom watee nyan.

we | We had been working. | Wi had bin werking | Kamoe ka teungoh keureuja seugohlom watee nyan.

you | You had been working. | Yu had bin werking | Gata mandum ka teungoh keureuja seugohlom watee nyan.

they | They had been working. | Dhey had bin werking | Awaknyan ka teungoh keureuja seugohlom watee nyan.

12. Masa depan sempurna sedang berlangsung

Peugunaan: peurbuatan nyang akan ka teungoh teujadi selang watee tertentu sampoe titik masa depan.

Susunan: Subjek + will have been + V-ing

Kata ganti | Kalimat | Cara baca | Makna

I | I will have been working. | Ai wil hav bin werking | Lon akan ka teungoh keureuja leubeh awai sampoe watee tertentu.

you | You will have been working. | Yu wil hav bin werking | Gata akan ka teungoh keureuja leubeh awai sampoe watee tertentu.

he | He will have been working. | Hi wil hav bin werking | Jih akan ka teungoh keureuja leubeh awai sampoe watee tertentu.

she | She will have been working. | Shi wil hav bin werking | Jih (inong) akan ka teungoh keureuja leubeh awai sampoe watee tertentu.

it | It will have been working. | It wil hav bin werking | Nyan akan ka teungoh beukeureuja leubeh awai sampoe watee tertentu.

we | We will have been working. | Wi wil hav bin werking | Kamoe akan ka teungoh keureuja leubeh awai sampoe watee tertentu.

you | You will have been working. | Yu wil hav bin werking | Gata mandum akan ka teungoh keureuja leubeh awai sampoe watee tertentu.

they | They will have been working. | Dhey wil hav bin werking | Awaknyan akan ka teungoh keureuja leubeh awai sampoe watee tertentu.

6- Masa Kata Keureuja Pasif (PASSIVE VOICE)

1. Masa kini sederhana pasif

Susunan: Subjek + am/is/are + V3

Cara baca susunan: Subject + am/is/are + V three

Kata ganti | Kalimat | Cara baca | Makna

I | I am written about. | Ai am ritn abaut | Ureueng meutuleh atawa meupugah pasai lon.

you | You are written about. | Yu ar ritn abaut | Ureueng meutuleh atawa meupugah pasai gata.

he | He is written about. | Hi iz ritn abaut | Ureueng meutuleh atawa meupugah pasai jih.

she | She is written about. | Shi iz ritn abaut | Ureueng meutuleh atawa meupugah pasai jih (inong).

it | It is written about. | It iz ritn abaut | Ureueng meutuleh atawa meupugah pasai nyan.

we | We are written about. | Wi ar ritn abaut | Ureueng meutuleh atawa meupugah pasai kamoe.

you | You are written about. | Yu ar ritn abaut | Ureueng meutuleh atawa meupugah pasai gata mandum.

they | They are written about. | Dhey ar ritn abaut | Ureueng meutuleh atawa meupugah pasai awaknyan.

Contoh nyang leubeh biasa:

The book is written in English.

Dhe buk iz ritn in Inggrish.

Buku nyan geutuleh lam Bahasa Inggréh.

2. Masa lampau sederhana pasif

Susunan: Subjek + was/were + V3

Cara baca susunan: Subject + woz/wer + V three

Kata ganti | Kalimat | Cara baca | Makna

I | I was invited. | Ai woz invaited | Lon geujak.

you | You were invited. | Yu wer invaited | Gata geujak.

he | He was invited. | Hi woz invaited | Jih geujak.

she | She was invited. | Shi woz invaited | Jih (inong) geujak.

it | It was invited. | It woz invaited | Nyan geujak.

we | We were invited. | Wi wer invaited | Kamoe geujak.

you | You were invited. | Yu wer invaited | Gata mandum geujak.

they | They were invited. | Dhey wer invaited | Awaknyan geujak.

3. Masa depan sederhana pasif

Susunan: Subjek + will be + V3

Cara baca susunan: Subject + wil bi + V three

Kata ganti | Kalimat | Cara baca | Makna

I | I will be invited. | Ai wil bi invaited | Lon akan geujak.

you | You will be invited. | Yu wil bi invaited | Gata akan geujak.

he | He will be invited. | Hi wil bi invaited | Jih akan geujak.

she | She will be invited. | Shi wil bi invaited | Jih (inong) akan geujak.

it | It will be invited. | It wil bi invaited | Nyan akan geujak.

we | We will be invited. | Wi wil bi invaited | Kamoe akan geujak.

you | You will be invited. | Yu wil bi invaited | Gata mandum akan geujak.

they | They will be invited. | Dhey wil bi invaited | Awaknyan akan geujak.

4. Masa kini sedang berlangsung pasif

Susunan: Subjek + am/is/are being + V3

Cara baca susunan: Subject + am/is/are bin + V three

Kata ganti | Kalimat | Cara baca | Makna

I | I am being watched. | Ai am biing wachd | Lon teungoh geupeurhatikan.

you | You are being watched. | Yu ar biing wachd | Gata teungoh geupeurhatikan.

he | He is being watched. | Hi iz biing wachd | Jih teungoh geupeurhatikan.

she | She is being watched. | Shi iz biing wachd | Jih (inong) teungoh geupeurhatikan.

it | It is being watched. | It iz biing wachd | Nyan teungoh geupeurhatikan.

we | We are being watched. | Wi ar biing wachd | Kamoe teungoh geupeurhatikan.

you | You are being watched. | Yu ar biing wachd | Gata mandum teungoh geupeurhatikan.

they | They are being watched. | Dhey ar biing wachd | Awaknyan teungoh geupeurhatikan.

5. Masa lampau sedang berlangsung pasif

Susunan: Subjek + was/were being + V3

Cara baca susunan: Subject + woz/wer biing + V three

Kata ganti | Kalimat | Cara baca | Makna

I | I was being watched. | Ai woz biing wachd | Lon teungoh geupeurhatikan bak watee nyan.

you | You were being watched. | Yu wer biing wachd | Gata teungoh geupeurhatikan bak watee nyan.

he | He was being watched. | Hi woz biing wachd | Jih teungoh geupeurhatikan bak watee nyan.

she | She was being watched. | Shi woz biing wachd | Jih (inong) teungoh geupeurhatikan bak watee nyan.

it | It was being watched. | It woz biing wachd | Nyan teungoh geupeurhatikan bak watee nyan.

we | We were being watched. | Wi wer biing wachd | Kamoe teungoh geupeurhatikan bak watee nyan.

you | You were being watched. | Yu wer biing wachd | Gata mandum teungoh geupeurhatikan bak watee nyan.

they | They were being watched. | Dhey wer biing wachd | Awaknyan teungoh geupeurhatikan bak watee nyan.

6. Masa depan sedang berlangsung pasif

Susunan: Subjek + will be being + V3

Cara baca susunan: Subject + wil bi biing + V three

Bentuk nyoe jarang that geupeuguna lam Bahasa Inggréh modern.

Kata ganti | Kalimat | Cara baca | Makna

I | I will be being watched. | Ai wil bi biing wachd | Lon akan teungoh geupeurhatikan.

you | You will be being watched. | Yu wil bi biing wachd | Gata akan teungoh geupeurhatikan.

he | He will be being watched. | Hi wil bi biing wachd | Jih akan teungoh geupeurhatikan.

she | She will be being watched. | Shi wil bi biing wachd | Jih (inong) akan teungoh geupeurhatikan.

it | It will be being watched. | It wil bi biing wachd | Nyan akan teungoh geupeurhatikan.

we | We will be being watched. | Wi wil bi biing wachd | Kamoe akan teungoh geupeurhatikan.

you | You will be being watched. | Yu wil bi biing wachd | Gata mandum akan teungoh geupeurhatikan.

they | They will be being watched. | Dhey wil bi biing wachd | Awaknyan akan teungoh geupeurhatikan.

7. Masa kini sempurna pasif

Susunan: Subjek + have/has been + V3

Cara baca susunan: Subject + hav/haz bin + V three

Kata ganti | Kalimat | Cara baca | Makna

I | I have been invited. | Ai hav bin invaited | Lon ka geujak.

you | You have been invited. | Yu hav bin invaited | Gata ka geujak.

he | He has been invited. | Hi haz bin invaited | Jih ka geujak.

she | She has been invited. | Shi haz bin invaited | Jih (inong) ka geujak.

it | It has been invited. | It haz bin invaited | Nyan ka geujak.

we | We have been invited. | Wi hav bin invaited | Kamoe ka geujak.

you | You have been invited. | Yu hav bin invaited | Gata mandum ka geujak.

they | They have been invited. | Dhey hav bin invaited | Awaknyan ka geujak.

8. Masa lampau sempurna pasif

Susunan: Subjek + had been + V3

Cara baca susunan: Subject + had bin + V three

Kata ganti | Kalimat | Cara baca | Makna

I | I had been invited. | Ai had bin invaited | Lon ka geujak seugohlom watee nyan.

you | You had been invited. | Yu had bin invaited | Gata ka geujak seugohlom watee nyan.

he | He had been invited. | Hi had bin invaited | Jih ka geujak seugohlom watee nyan.

she | She had been invited. | Shi had bin invaited | Jih (inong) ka geujak seugohlom watee nyan.

it | It had been invited. | It had bin invaited | Nyan ka geujak seugohlom watee nyan.

we | We had been invited. | Wi had bin invaited | Kamoe ka geujak seugohlom watee nyan.

you | You had been invited. | Yu had bin invaited | Gata mandum ka geujak seugohlom watee nyan.

they | They had been invited. | Dhey had bin invaited | Awaknyan ka geujak seugohlom watee nyan.

9. Masa depan sempurna pasif

Susunan: Subjek + will have been + V3

Cara baca susunan: Subject + wil hav bin + V three

Kata ganti | Kalimat | Cara baca | Makna

I | I will have been invited. | Ai wil hav bin invaited | Lon akan ka geujak seugohlom watee nyan.

you | You will have been invited. | Yu wil hav bin invaited | Gata akan ka geujak seugohlom watee nyan.

he | He will have been invited. | Hi wil hav bin invaited | Jih akan ka geujak seugohlom watee nyan.

she | She will have been invited. | Shi wil hav bin invaited | Jih (inong) akan ka geujak seugohlom watee nyan.

it | It will have been invited. | It wil hav bin invaited | Nyan akan ka geujak seugohlom watee nyan.

we | We will have been invited. | Wi wil hav bin invaited | Kamoe akan ka geujak seugohlom watee nyan.

you | You will have been invited. | Yu wil hav bin invaited | Gata mandum akan ka geujak seugohlom watee nyan.

they | They will have been invited. | Dhey wil hav bin invaited | Awaknyan akan ka geujak seugohlom watee nyan.

10. Masa kini sempurna sedang berlangsung pasif

Susunan: Subjek + have/has been being + V3

Cara baca susunan: Subject + hav/haz bin biing + V three

Bentuk nyoe sah keu tata bahasa, teuma jarang that geupeuguna dan hana meunyoe biasa lam percakapan.

Kata ganti | Kalimat | Cara baca | Makna

I | I have been being watched. | Ai hav bin biing wachd | Lon ka teungoh geupeurhatikan teuma teurus sampoe jinoe.

you | You have been being watched. | Yu hav bin biing wachd | Gata ka teungoh geupeurhatikan teuma teurus sampoe jinoe.

he | He has been being watched. | Hi haz bin biing wachd | Jih ka teungoh geupeurhatikan teuma teurus sampoe jinoe.

she | She has been being watched. | Shi haz bin biing wachd | Jih (inong) ka teungoh geupeurhatikan teuma teurus sampoe jinoe.

it | It has been being watched. | It haz bin biing wachd | Nyan ka teungoh geupeurhatikan teuma teurus sampoe jinoe.

we | We have been being watched. | Wi hav bin biing wachd | Kamoe ka teungoh geupeurhatikan teuma teurus sampoe jinoe.

you | You have been being watched. | Yu hav bin biing wachd | Gata mandum ka teungoh geupeurhatikan teuma teurus sampoe jinoe.

they | They have been being watched. | Dhey hav bin biing wachd | Awaknyan ka teungoh geupeurhatikan teuma teurus sampoe jinoe.

11. Masa lampau sempurna sedang berlangsung pasif

Susunan: Subjek + had been being + V3

Cara baca susunan: Subject + had bin biing + V three

Bentuk nyoe sangat jarang geupeuguna.

Kata ganti | Kalimat | Cara baca | Makna

I | I had been being watched. | Ai had bin biing wachd | Lon ka teungoh geupeurhatikan teurus seugohlom watee nyan.

you | You had been being watched. | Yu had bin biing wachd | Gata ka teungoh geupeurhatikan teurus seugohlom watee nyan.

he | He had been being watched. | Hi had bin biing wachd | Jih ka teungoh geupeurhatikan teurus seugohlom watee nyan.

she | She had been being watched. | Shi had bin biing wachd | Jih (inong) ka teungoh geupeurhatikan teurus seugohlom watee nyan.

it | It had been being watched. | It had bin biing wachd | Nyan ka teungoh geupeurhatikan teurus seugohlom watee nyan.

we | We had been being watched. | Wi had bin biing wachd | Kamoe ka teungoh geupeurhatikan teurus seugohlom watee nyan.

you | You had been being watched. | Yu had bin biing wachd | Gata mandum ka teungoh geupeurhatikan teurus seugohlom watee nyan.

they | They had been being watched. | Dhey had bin biing wachd | Awaknyan ka teungoh geupeurhatikan teurus seugohlom watee nyan.

12. Masa depan sempurna sedang berlangsung pasif

Susunan: Subjek + will have been being + V3

Cara baca susunan: Subject + wil hav bin biing + V three

Bentuk nyoe sangat jarang geupeuguna lam Bahasa Inggréh.

Kata ganti | Kalimat | Cara baca | Makna

I | I will have been being watched. | Ai wil hav bin biing wachd | Lon akan ka geupeurhatikan teurus seugohlom watee nyan.

you | You will have been being watched. | Yu wil hav bin biing wachd | Gata akan ka geupeurhatikan teurus seugohlom watee nyan.

he | He will have been being watched. | Hi wil hav bin biing wachd | Jih akan ka geupeurhatikan teurus seugohlom watee nyan.

she | She will have been being watched. | Shi wil hav bin biing wachd | Jih (inong) akan ka geupeurhatikan teurus seugohlom watee nyan.

it | It will have been being watched. | It wil hav bin biing wachd | Nyan akan ka geupeurhatikan teurus seugohlom watee nyan.

we | We will have been being watched. | Wi wil hav bin biing wachd | Kamoe akan ka geupeurhatikan teurus seugohlom watee nyan.

you | You will have been being watched. | Yu wil hav bin biing wachd | Gata mandum akan ka geupeurhatikan teurus seugohlom watee nyan.

they | They will have been being watched. | Dhey wil hav bin biing wachd | Awaknyan akan ka geupeurhatikan teurus seugohlom watee nyan.

7- Kalimat Negatif

1. Simple Present — Bentuk Negatif

Pola: Subjek + do/does + not + V1

Kata gantoe Kalimat Cara baca Makna

I I do not work. Ai du not werk Lon hana keureuja.

You You do not work. Yuu du not werk Gata hana keureuja.

He He does not work. Hii daz not werk Jih agam hana keureuja.

She She does not work. Shii daz not werk Jih inong hana keureuja.

It It does not work. It daz not werk Nyan hana beukeureuja.

We We do not work. Wii du not werk Kamoe hana keureuja.

They They do not work. Dhei du not werk Gopnyan hana keureuja.

Bentuk singkat:

do not → don't — duunt

does not → doesn't — dazunt

⚠️ Óh lheueh doesn't, pake V1:

He doesn't work. ✅

He doesn't works. ❌

2. Simple Past — Bentuk Negatif

Pola: Subjek + did + not + V1

Kata gantoe Kalimat Cara baca Makna

I I did not work. Ai did not werk Lon hana keureuja bak watee ka lé that.

You You did not work. Yuu did not werk Gata hana keureuja bak watee ka lé that.

He He did not work. Hii did not werk Jih agam hana keureuja bak watee ka lé that.

She She did not work. Shii did not werk Jih inong hana keureuja bak watee ka lé that.

It It did not work. It did not werk Nyan hana beukeureuja bak watee ka lé that.

We We did not work. Wii did not werk Kamoe hana keureuja bak watee ka lé that.

They They did not work. Dhei did not werk Gopnyan hana keureuja bak watee ka lé that.

did not → didn't — didunt

⚠️ Óh lheueh didn't, pake V1:

I didn't work. ✅

I didn't worked. ❌

3. Simple Future — Bentuk Negatif

Pola: Subjek + will + not + V1

Kata gantoe Kalimat Cara baca Makna

I I will not work. Ai wil not werk Lon hana keureuja uroe singoh.

You You will not work. Yuu wil not werk Gata hana keureuja uroe singoh.

He He will not work. Hii wil not werk Jih agam hana keureuja uroe singoh.

She She will not work. Shii wil not werk Jih inong hana keureuja uroe singoh.

It It will not work. It wil not werk Nyan hana beukeureuja uroe singoh.

We We will not work. Wii wil not werk Kamoe hana keureuja uroe singoh.

They They will not work. Dhei wil not werk Gopnyan hana keureuja uroe singoh.

will not → won't — wont

4. Present Continuous — Bentuk Negatif

Pola: Subjek + am/is/are + not + V-ing

Kata gantoe Kalimat Cara baca Makna

I I am not working. Ai am not werking Lon hana teungoh keureuja jinoe.

You You are not working. Yuu ar not werking Gata hana teungoh keureuja jinoe.

He He is not working. Hii iz not werking Jih agam hana teungoh keureuja jinoe.

She She is not working. Shii iz not werking Jih inong hana teungoh keureuja jinoe.

It It is not working. It iz not werking Nyan hana teungoh beukeureuja jinoe.

We We are not working. Wii ar not werking Kamoe hana teungoh keureuja jinoe.

They They are not working. Dhei ar not werking Gopnyan hana teungoh keureuja jinoe.

Bentuk singkat:

is not → isn't — izunt

are not → aren't — arunt

am not → I'm not — aim not

5. Past Continuous — Bentuk Negatif

Pola: Subjek + was/were + not + V-ing

Kata gantoe Kalimat Cara baca Makna

I I was not working. Ai woz not werking Lon hana teungoh keureuja bak watee nyan.

You You were not working. Yuu wer not werking Gata hana teungoh keureuja bak watee nyan.

He He was not working. Hii woz not werking Jih agam hana teungoh keureuja bak watee nyan.

She She was not working. Shii woz not werking Jih inong hana teungoh keureuja bak watee nyan.

It It was not working. It woz not werking Nyan hana teungoh beukeureuja bak watee nyan.

We We were not working. Wii wer not werking Kamoe hana teungoh keureuja bak watee nyan.

They They were not working. Dhei wer not werking Gopnyan hana teungoh keureuja bak watee nyan.

Bentuk singkat:

was not → wasn't — wozunt

were not → weren't — werunt

6. Future Continuous — Bentuk Negatif

Pola: Subjek + will + not + be + V-ing

Kata gantoe Kalimat Cara baca Makna

I I will not be working. Ai wil not bii werking Lon hana teungoh keureuja bak watee singoh.

You You will not be working. Yuu wil not bii werking Gata hana teungoh keureuja bak watee singoh.

He He will not be working. Hii wil not bii werking Jih agam hana teungoh keureuja bak watee singoh.

She She will not be working. Shii wil not bii werking Jih inong hana teungoh keureuja bak watee singoh.

It It will not be working. It wil not bii werking Nyan hana teungoh beukeureuja bak watee singoh.

We We will not be working. Wii wil not bii werking Kamoe hana teungoh keureuja bak watee singoh.

They They will not be working. Dhei wil not bii werking Gopnyan hana teungoh keureuja bak watee singoh.

7. Present Perfect — Bentuk Negatif

Pola: Subjek + have/has + not + V3

Kata gantoe Kalimat Cara baca Makna

I I have not worked. Ai hav not werkt Lon gohlom keureuja.

You You have not worked. Yuu hav not werkt Gata gohlom keureuja.

He He has not worked. Hii haz not werkt Jih agam gohlom keureuja.

She She has not worked. Shii haz not werkt Jih inong gohlom keureuja.

It It has not worked. It haz not werkt Nyan gohlom beukeureuja.

We We have not worked. Wii hav not werkt Kamoe gohlom keureuja.

They They have not worked. Dhei hav not werkt Gopnyan gohlom keureuja.

Bentuk singkat:

have not → haven't — havunt

has not → hasn't — hazunt

8. Past Perfect — Bentuk Negatif

Pola: Subjek + had + not + V3

Kata gantoe Kalimat Cara baca Makna

I I had not worked. Ai had not werkt Lon gohlom keureuja sampoe bak watee nyan.

You You had not worked. Yuu had not werkt Gata gohlom keureuja sampoe bak watee nyan.

He He had not worked. Hii had not werkt Jih agam gohlom keureuja sampoe bak watee nyan.

She She had not worked. Shii had not werkt Jih inong gohlom keureuja sampoe bak watee nyan.

It It had not worked. It had not werkt Nyan gohlom beukeureuja sampoe bak watee nyan.

We We had not worked. Wii had not werkt Kamoe gohlom keureuja sampoe bak watee nyan.

They They had not worked. Dhei had not werkt Gopnyan gohlom keureuja sampoe bak watee nyan.

had not → hadn't — hadunt

9. Future Perfect — Bentuk Negatif

Pola: Subjek + will + not + have + V3

Kata gantoe Kalimat Cara baca Makna

I I will not have worked. Ai wil not hav werkt Lon hana lheuh keureuja sampoe bak watee singoh.

You You will not have worked. Yuu wil not hav werkt Gata hana lheuh keureuja sampoe bak watee singoh.

He He will not have worked. Hii wil not hav werkt Jih agam hana lheuh keureuja sampoe bak watee singoh.

She She will not have worked. Shii wil not hav werkt Jih inong hana lheuh keureuja sampoe bak watee singoh.

It It will not have worked. It wil not hav werkt Nyan hana lheuh beukeureuja sampoe bak watee singoh.

We We will not have worked. Wii wil not hav werkt Kamoe hana lheuh keureuja sampoe bak watee singoh.

They They will not have worked. Dhei wil not hav werkt Gopnyan hana lheuh keureuja sampoe bak watee singoh.

10. Present Perfect Continuous — Bentuk Negatif

Pola: Subjek + have/has + not + been + V-ing

Kata gantoe Kalimat Cara baca Makna

I I have not been working. Ai hav not bin werking Lon hana teungoh keureuja selamo nyang ka lé that.

You You have not been working. Yuu hav not bin werking Gata hana teungoh keureuja selamo nyang ka lé that.

He He has not been working. Hii haz not bin werking Jih agam hana teungoh keureuja selamo nyang ka lé that.

She She has not been working. Shii haz not bin werking Jih inong hana teungoh keureuja selamo nyang ka lé that.

It It has not been working. It haz not bin werking Nyan hana teungoh beukeureuja selamo nyang ka lé that.

We We have not been working. Wii hav not bin werking Kamoe hana teungoh keureuja selamo nyang ka lé that.

They They have not been working. Dhei hav not bin werking Gopnyan hana teungoh keureuja selamo nyang ka lé that.

11. Past Perfect Continuous — Bentuk Negatif

Pola: Subjek + had + not + been + V-ing

Kata gantoe Kalimat Cara baca Makna

I I had not been working. Ai had not bin werking Lon hana teungoh keureuja selamo nyang ka lé that sampoe bak watee nyan.

You You had not been working. Yuu had not bin werking Gata hana teungoh keureuja selamo nyang ka lé that sampoe bak watee nyan.

He He had not been working. Hii had not bin werking Jih agam hana teungoh keureuja selamo nyang ka lé that sampoe bak watee nyan.

She She had not been working. Shii had not bin werking Jih inong hana teungoh keureuja selamo nyang ka lé that sampoe bak watee nyan.

It It had not been working. It had not bin werking Nyan hana teungoh beukeureuja selamo nyang ka lé that sampoe bak watee nyan.

We We had not been working. Wii had not bin werking Kamoe hana teungoh keureuja selamo nyang ka lé that sampoe bak watee nyan.

They They had not been working. Dhei had not bin werking Gopnyan hana teungoh keureuja selamo nyang ka lé that sampoe bak watee nyan.

12. Future Perfect Continuous — Bentuk Negatif

Pola: Subjek + will + not + have + been + V-ing

Kata gantoe Kalimat Cara baca Makna

I I will not have been working. Ai wil not hav bin werking Lon hana teungoh keureuja selamo nyang ka lé that sampoe bak watee singoh.

You You will not have been working. Yuu wil not hav bin werking Gata hana teungoh keureuja selamo nyang ka lé that sampoe bak watee singoh.

He He will not have been working. Hii wil not hav bin werking Jih agam hana teungoh keureuja selamo nyang ka lé that sampoe bak watee singoh.

She She will not have been working. Shii wil not hav bin werking Jih inong hana teungoh keureuja selamo nyang ka lé that sampoe bak watee singoh.

It It will not have been working. It wil not hav bin werking Nyan hana teungoh beukeureuja selamo nyang ka lé that sampoe bak watee singoh.

We We will not have been working. Wii wil not hav bin werking Kamoe hana teungoh keureuja selamo nyang ka lé that sampoe bak watee singoh.

They They will not have been working. Dhei wil not hav bin werking Gopnyan hana teungoh keureuja selamo nyang ka lé that sampoe bak watee singoh.

1. Simple Present Passive — Bentuk Negatif

Pola

Bahasa Inggréh: Subjek + am/is/are + not + V3

Cara baca pola: Sabjek + am/iz/ar + not + vii thrii

Kata gantoe Contoh Cara baca Makna

I I am not invited. Ai am not invited Lon hana geu-ajak.

You You are not invited. Yuu ar not invited Gata hana geu-ajak.

He He is not invited. Hii iz not invited Jih agam hana geu-ajak.

She She is not invited. Shii iz not invited Jih inong hana geu-ajak.

It It is not used. It iz not yuuzd Nyan hana geupake.

We We are not invited. Wii ar not invited Kamoe hana geu-ajak.

They They are not invited. Dhei ar not invited Gopnyan hana geu-ajak.

is not → isn't — izunt

are not → aren't — arunt

2. Simple Past Passive — Bentuk Negatif

Pola

Bahasa Inggréh: Subjek + was/were + not + V3

Cara baca pola: Sabjek + woz/wer + not + vii thrii

Kata gantoe Contoh Cara baca Makna

I I was not invited. Ai woz not invited Lon hana geu-ajak bak watee ka lé that.

You You were not invited. Yuu wer not invited Gata hana geu-ajak bak watee ka lé that.

He He was not invited. Hii woz not invited Jih agam hana geu-ajak bak watee ka lé that.

She She was not invited. Shii woz not invited Jih inong hana geu-ajak bak watee ka lé that.

It It was not used. It woz not yuuzd Nyan hana geupake bak watee ka lé that.

We We were not invited. Wii wer not invited Kamoe hana geu-ajak bak watee ka lé that.

They They were not invited. Dhei wer not invited Gopnyan hana geu-ajak bak watee ka lé that.

was not → wasn't — wozunt

were not → weren't — werunt

3. Simple Future Passive — Bentuk Negatif

Pola

Bahasa Inggréh: Subjek + will + not + be + V3

Cara baca pola: Sabjek + wil + not + bii + vii thrii

Kata gantoe Contoh Cara baca Makna

I I will not be invited. Ai wil not bii invited Lon hana geu-ajak uroe singoh.

You You will not be invited. Yuu wil not bii invited Gata hana geu-ajak uroe singoh.

He He will not be invited. Hii wil not bii invited Jih agam hana geu-ajak uroe singoh.

She She will not be invited. Shii wil not bii invited Jih inong hana geu-ajak uroe singoh.

It It will not be used. It wil not bii yuuzd Nyan hana geupake uroe singoh.

We We will not be invited. Wii wil not bii invited Kamoe hana geu-ajak uroe singoh.

They They will not be invited. Dhei wil not bii invited Gopnyan hana geu-ajak uroe singoh.

will not → won't — wont

4. Present Continuous Passive — Bentuk Negatif

Pola

Bahasa Inggréh: Subjek + am/is/are + not + being + V3

Cara baca pola: Sabjek + am/iz/ar + not + bii-ing + vii thrii

Kata gantoe Contoh Cara baca Makna

I I am not being invited. Ai am not bii-ing invited Lon hana teungoh geu-ajak jinoe.

You You are not being invited. Yuu ar not bii-ing invited Gata hana teungoh geu-ajak jinoe.

He He is not being invited. Hii iz not bii-ing invited Jih agam hana teungoh geu-ajak jinoe.

She She is not being invited. Shii iz not bii-ing invited Jih inong hana teungoh geu-ajak jinoe.

It It is not being used. It iz not bii-ing yuuzd Nyan hana teungoh geupake jinoe.

We We are not being invited. Wii ar not bii-ing invited Kamoe hana teungoh geu-ajak jinoe.

They They are not being invited. Dhei ar not bii-ing invited Gopnyan hana teungoh geu-ajak jinoe.

5. Past Continuous Passive — Bentuk Negatif

Pola

Bahasa Inggréh: Subjek + was/were + not + being + V3

Cara baca pola: Sabjek + woz/wer + not + bii-ing + vii thrii

Kata gantoe Contoh Cara baca Makna

I I was not being invited. Ai woz not bii-ing invited Lon hana teungoh geu-ajak bak watee nyan.

You You were not being invited. Yuu wer not bii-ing invited Gata hana teungoh geu-ajak bak watee nyan.

He He was not being invited. Hii woz not bii-ing invited Jih agam hana teungoh geu-ajak bak watee nyan.

She She was not being invited. Shii woz not bii-ing invited Jih inong hana teungoh geu-ajak bak watee nyan.

It It was not being used. It woz not bii-ing yuuzd Nyan hana teungoh geupake bak watee nyan.

We We were not being invited. Wii wer not bii-ing invited Kamoe hana teungoh geu-ajak bak watee nyan.

They They were not being invited. Dhei wer not bii-ing invited Gopnyan hana teungoh geu-ajak bak watee nyan.

6. Future Continuous Passive — Bentuk Negatif

Pola

Bahasa Inggréh: Subjek + will + not + be + being + V3

Cara baca pola: Sabjek + wil + not + bii + bii-ing + vii thrii

Kata gantoe Contoh Cara baca Makna

I I will not be being invited. Ai wil not bii bii-ing invited Lon hana teungoh geu-ajak bak watee singoh.

You You will not be being invited. Yuu wil not bii bii-ing invited Gata hana teungoh geu-ajak bak watee singoh.

He He will not be being invited. Hii wil not bii bii-ing invited Jih agam hana teungoh geu-ajak bak watee singoh.

She She will not be being invited. Shii wil not bii bii-ing invited Jih inong hana teungoh geu-ajak bak watee singoh.

We We will not be being invited. Wii wil not bii bii-ing invited Kamoe hana teungoh geu-ajak bak watee singoh.

They They will not be being invited. Dhei wil not bii bii-ing invited Gopnyan hana teungoh geu-ajak bak watee singoh.

⚠️ Bentuk nyoe secara tata bahasa mungken, teuma hana lazim dan jarang that geupake. Biasana, ureung pake cara kalimat nyang leubeh alamiah.

7. Present Perfect Passive — Bentuk Negatif

Pola

Bahasa Inggréh: Subjek + have/has + not + been + V3

Cara baca pola: Sabjek + hav/haz + not + bin + vii thrii

Kata gantoe Contoh Cara baca Makna

I I have not been invited. Ai hav not bin invited Lon gohlom geu-ajak.

You You have not been invited. Yuu hav not bin invited Gata gohlom geu-ajak.

He He has not been invited. Hii haz not bin invited Jih agam gohlom geu-ajak.

She She has not been invited. Shii haz not bin invited Jih inong gohlom geu-ajak.

It It has not been used. It haz not bin yuuzd Nyan gohlom geupake.

We We have not been invited. Wii hav not bin invited Kamoe gohlom geu-ajak.

They They have not been invited. Dhei hav not bin invited Gopnyan gohlom geu-ajak.

have not → haven't — havunt

has not → hasn't — hazunt

8. Past Perfect Passive — Bentuk Negatif

Pola

Bahasa Inggréh: Subjek + had + not + been + V3

Cara baca pola: Sabjek + had + not + bin + vii thrii

Kata gantoe Contoh Cara baca Makna

I I had not been invited. Ai had not bin invited Lon gohlom geu-ajak sampoe bak watee nyan.

You You had not been invited. Yuu had not bin invited Gata gohlom geu-ajak sampoe bak watee nyan.

He He had not been invited. Hii had not bin invited Jih agam gohlom geu-ajak sampoe bak watee nyan.

She She had not been invited. Shii had not bin invited Jih inong gohlom geu-ajak sampoe bak watee nyan.

We We had not been invited. Wii had not bin invited Kamoe gohlom geu-ajak sampoe bak watee nyan.

They They had not been invited. Dhei had not bin invited Gopnyan gohlom geu-ajak sampoe bak watee nyan.

had not → hadn't — hadunt

9. Future Perfect Passive — Bentuk Negatif

Pola

Bahasa Inggréh: Subjek + will + not + have + been + V3

Cara baca pola: Sabjek + wil + not + hav + bin + vii thrii

Kata gantoe Contoh Cara baca Makna

I I will not have been invited. Ai wil not hav bin invited Lon hana ka geu-ajak sampoe bak watee singoh.

You You will not have been invited. Yuu wil not hav bin invited Gata hana ka geu-ajak sampoe bak watee singoh.

He He will not have been invited. Hii wil not hav bin invited Jih agam hana ka geu-ajak sampoe bak watee singoh.

She She will not have been invited. Shii wil not hav bin invited Jih inong hana ka geu-ajak sampoe bak watee singoh.

We We will not have been invited. Wii wil not hav bin invited Kamoe hana ka geu-ajak sampoe bak watee singoh.

They They will not have been invited. Dhei wil not hav bin invited Gopnyan hana ka geu-ajak sampoe bak watee singoh.

10. Present Perfect Continuous Passive — Bentuk Negatif

Pola

Bahasa Inggréh: Subjek + have/has + not + been + being + V3

Cara baca pola: Sabjek + hav/haz + not + bin + bii-ing + vii thrii

Kata gantoe Contoh Cara baca Makna

I I have not been being invited. Ai hav not bin bii-ing invited Lon hana teungoh geu-ajak secara berterusan sampoe jinoe.

You You have not been being invited. Yuu hav not bin bii-ing invited Gata hana teungoh geu-ajak secara berterusan sampoe jinoe.

He He has not been being invited. Hii haz not bin bii-ing invited Jih agam hana teungoh geu-ajak secara berterusan sampoe jinoe.

She She has not been being invited. Shii haz not bin bii-ing invited Jih inong hana teungoh geu-ajak secara berterusan sampoe jinoe.

We We have not been being invited. Wii hav not bin bii-ing invited Kamoe hana teungoh geu-ajak secara berterusan sampoe jinoe.

They They have not been being invited. Dhei hav not bin bii-ing invited Gopnyan hana teungoh geu-ajak secara berterusan sampoe jinoe.

⚠️ Bentuk nyoe jarang that geupake dalam Bahasa Inggréh modern.

11. Past Perfect Continuous Passive — Bentuk Negatif

Pola

Bahasa Inggréh: Subjek + had + not + been + being + V3

Cara baca pola: Sabjek + had + not + bin + bii-ing + vii thrii

Kata gantoe Contoh Cara baca Makna

I I had not been being invited. Ai had not bin bii-ing invited Lon hana teungoh geu-ajak secara berterusan sampoe bak watee nyan.

You You had not been being invited. Yuu had not bin bii-ing invited Gata hana teungoh geu-ajak secara berterusan sampoe bak watee nyan.

He He had not been being invited. Hii had not bin bii-ing invited Jih agam hana teungoh geu-ajak secara berterusan sampoe bak watee nyan.

She She had not been being invited. Shii had not bin bii-ing invited Jih inong hana teungoh geu-ajak secara berterusan sampoe bak watee nyan.

We We had not been being invited. Wii had not bin bii-ing invited Kamoe hana teungoh geu-ajak secara berterusan sampoe bak watee nyan.

They They had not been being invited. Dhei had not bin bii-ing invited Gopnyan hana teungoh geu-ajak secara berterusan sampoe bak watee nyan.

⚠️ Bentuk nyoe jarang that geupake.

12. Future Perfect Continuous Passive — Bentuk Negatif

Pola

Bahasa Inggréh: Subjek + will + not + have + been + being + V3

Cara baca pola: Sabjek + wil + not + hav + bin + bii-ing + vii thrii

Kata gantoe Contoh Cara baca Makna

I I will not have been being invited. Ai wil not hav bin bii-ing invited Lon hana teungoh geu-ajak secara berterusan sampoe bak watee singoh.

You You will not have been being invited. Yuu wil not hav bin bii-ing invited Gata hana teungoh geu-ajak secara berterusan sampoe bak watee singoh.

He He will not have been being invited. Hii wil not hav bin bii-ing invited Jih agam hana teungoh geu-ajak secara berterusan sampoe bak watee singoh.

She She will not have been being invited. Shii wil not hav bin bii-ing invited Jih inong hana teungoh geu-ajak secara berterusan sampoe bak watee singoh.

We We will not have been being invited. Wii wil not hav bin bii-ing invited Kamoe hana teungoh geu-ajak secara berterusan sampoe bak watee singoh.

They They will not have been being invited. Dhei wil not hav bin bii-ing invited Gopnyan hana teungoh geu-ajak secara berterusan sampoe bak watee singoh.

⚠️ Bentuk nyoe sangat jarang dan hana alamiah. Biasana, ureung pake susunan kalimat nyang leubeh sederhana.

No + noun

Makna Konstruksi Cara baca Contoh Cara baca Makna

Kata benda tunggal terhitung no + singular noun no + singgular naun no book no buk Hana buku saboh pih.

Kata benda jamak no + plural noun no + plural naun no books no buks Hana buku-buku.

Kata benda hana terhitung no + uncountable noun no + ankauntabel naun no water no woter Hana ie.

Peunyataan bahwa hana sesuatu there is + no + singular/uncountable noun dher iz + no + naun There is no book. Dher iz no buk Hana buku saboh pih.

Peunyataan bahwa hana barang-barang there are + no + plural noun dher ar + no + plural naun There are no books. Dher ar no buks Hana buku-buku.

Kepunyaan have/has + no + noun hav/haz + no + naun I have no books. Ai hav no buks Lon hana buku.

8- Pertanyaan

1 Simple Present Do/Does + subjek + V1...? — du/daz + sabjek + vii wan? — Do you work? — Du yuu werk? — Peu gata keureuja?

2 Simple Past Did + subjek + V1...? — did + sabjek + vii wan? — Did you work? — Did yuu werk? — Peu gata ka keureuja bak watee ka lé that?

3 Simple Future Will + subjek + V1...? — wil + sabjek + vii wan? — Will you work? — Wil yuu werk? — Peu gata keureuja uroe singoh?

4 Present Continuous Am/Is/Are + subjek + V-ing...? — am/iz/ar + sabjek + vii-ing? — Are you working? — Ar yuu werking? — Peu gata teungoh keureuja jinoe?

5 Past Continuous Was/Were + subjek + V-ing...? — woz/wer + sabjek + vii-ing? — Were you working? — Wer yuu werking? — Peu gata teungoh keureuja bak watee nyan?

6 Future Continuous Will + subjek + be + V-ing...? — wil + sabjek + bii + vii-ing? — Will you be working? — Wil yuu bii werking? — Peu gata teungoh keureuja bak watee singoh?

7 Present Perfect Have/Has + subjek + V3...? — hav/haz + sabjek + vii thrii? — Have you worked? — Hav yuu werkt? — Peu gata ka keureuja?

8 Past Perfect Had + subjek + V3...? — had + sabjek + vii thrii? — Had you worked? — Had yuu werkt? — Peu gata ka keureuja sampoe bak watee nyan?

9 Future Perfect Will + subjek + have + V3...? — wil + sabjek + hav + vii thrii? — Will you have worked? — Wil yuu hav werkt? — Peu gata ka lheuh keureuja sampoe bak watee singoh?

10 Present Perfect Continuous Have/Has + subjek + been + V-ing...? — hav/haz + sabjek + bin + vii-ing? — Have you been working? — Hav yuu bin werking? — Peu gata ka teungoh keureuja selamo nyang ka lé that?

11 Past Perfect Continuous Had + subjek + been + V-ing...? — had + sabjek + bin + vii-ing? — Had you been working? — Had yuu bin werking? — Peu gata ka teungoh keureuja selamo nyang ka lé that sampoe bak watee nyan?

12 Future Perfect Continuous Will + subjek + have + been + V-ing...? — wil + sabjek + hav + bin + vii-ing? — Will you have been working? — Wil yuu hav bin werking? — Peu gata ka teungoh keureuja selamo nyang ka lé that sampoe bak watee singoh?

Makna Pola Cara baca pola dalam huruf Latin

Pertanyaan tentang barang What + auxiliary + subjek + verb? Wot + oksilieri + sabjek + verb?

Pertanyaan tentang orang sebagai subjek Who + verb? Huu + verb?

Pertanyaan tentang orang sebagai objek Who/Whom + auxiliary + subjek + verb? Huu/huum + oksilieri + sabjek + verb?

Pertanyaan tentang tempat Where + auxiliary + subjek + verb? Wer + oksilieri + sabjek + verb?

Pertanyaan tentang waktu When + auxiliary + subjek + verb? Wen + oksilieri + sabjek + verb?

Pertanyaan tentang sebab Why + auxiliary + subjek + verb? Wai + oksilieri + sabjek + verb?

Pertanyaan tentang pilihan Which + noun + auxiliary + subjek + verb? Wich + naun + oksilieri + sabjek + verb?

Pertanyaan tentang kepunyaan Whose + noun...? Huuz + naun...?

Pertanyaan tentang cara How + auxiliary + subjek + verb? Hau + oksilieri + sabjek + verb?

Pertanyaan tentang jumlah benda terhitung How many + plural noun...? Hau meni + plural naun...?

Pertanyaan tentang jumlah benda hana terhitung How much + uncountable noun...? Hau mach + ankauntabel naun...?

Pertanyaan tentang durasi How long...? Hau long...?

Pertanyaan tentang frekuensi How often...? Hau ofen...?

Pertanyaan tentang jarak How far...? Hau far...?

Pola Dasar

Kebanyakan pertanyaan WH ikut pola nyoe:

WH-word + auxiliary + subject + main verb?

WH-werd + oksilieri + sabjek + mein verb?

Contoh:

Where + do + you + live?

Wer + du + yuu + liv?

= Di pat gata tinggai?

Teuma, meunyo WH-word nyan droe jih na fungsi sebagai subjek, biasana hana pake do/does/did:

Who + works here?

Huu werks hir?

= Soe nyang keureuja di sinoe?

Nyankeuh peubeda nyang paleng rayeuk:

Who did you see? → Huu did yuu sii? → Soe nyang gata kalon?

Who saw you? → Huu so yuu? → Soe nyang kalon gata?

8- Adverbia

1. Adverbia Frekuensi

Jenis dalam Bahasa Aceh | Pola dalam Bahasa Aceh | Cara baca pola dalam Bahasa Inggréh | Adverb | Cara baca | Makna

Frekuensi sabe | Adverbia frekuensi + kalimat | Adverb of frequency + sentence | always | olweiz | sabe

Frekuensi hampir sabe | Adverbia frekuensi + kalimat | Adverb of frequency + sentence | usually | yuu-zhuali | biasana

Frekuensi biasana | Adverbia frekuensi + kalimat | Adverb of frequency + sentence | normally | normali | biasana / secara alami

Frekuensi biasana | Adverbia frekuensi + kalimat | Adverb of frequency + sentence | generally | jenrali | umumnya

Frekuensi biasana | Adverbia frekuensi + kalimat | Adverb of frequency + sentence | frequently | friikwentli | sering

Frekuensi kadang-kadang | Adverbia frekuensi + kalimat | Adverb of frequency + sentence | often | ofen | sering

Frekuensi kadang-kadang | Adverbia frekuensi + kalimat | Adverb of frequency + sentence | sometimes | samtaymz | kadang-kadang

Frekuensi jarang | Adverbia frekuensi + kalimat | Adverb of frequency + sentence | occasionally | okeizhenali | kadang-kadang

Frekuensi jarang | Adverbia frekuensi + kalimat | Adverb of frequency + sentence | rarely | rerli | jarang

Frekuensi sangat jarang | Adverbia frekuensi + kalimat | Adverb of frequency + sentence | seldom | seldom | jarang

Adverbia negasi | Adverbia frekuensi + kalimat | Adverb of frequency + sentence | never | never | hana sabe

Contoh:

I always study English.

Ai olweiz stadi Inggrish.

Lon sabe meurunoe Bahasa Inggréh.

2. Adverbia Watee

Jenis dalam Bahasa Aceh | Pola dalam Bahasa Aceh | Cara baca pola dalam Bahasa Inggréh | Adverb | Cara baca | Makna

Watee jinoe | Adverbia watee | Time adverb | now | nau | jinoe

Watee jinoe | Adverbia watee | Time adverb | currently | kerentli | jinoe

Watee jinoe | Adverbia watee | Time adverb | presently | prezently | jinoe

Watee baro-baroe | Adverbia watee | Time adverb | recently | riisentli | baro-baroe

Watee masa ka lé | Adverbia watee | Time adverb | yesterday | yesterdei | singoh ka lé

Watee masa ka lé | Adverbia watee | Time adverb | before | bifor | sigohlom

Watee masa ka lé | Adverbia watee | Time adverb | previously | priiviesli | sigohlom nyan

Watee masa ka lé | Adverbia watee | Time adverb | formerly | formerli | sigohlom nyan

Watee nyang mantong | Adverbia watee | Time adverb | still | stil | mantong

Watee singoh | Adverbia watee | Time adverb | soon | suun | hana treb lé

Watee singoh | Adverbia watee | Time adverb | later | leiter | oentoek beukah

Watee singoh | Adverbia watee | Time adverb | eventually | iventshuali | akhe jih

Watee awai | Adverbia watee | Time adverb | early | erli | awai

Watee teulat | Adverbia watee | Time adverb | late | leit | teulat

Awai | Adverbia watee | Time adverb | first | ferst | nyang awai

Akhe jih | Adverbia watee | Time adverb | finally | fainali | akhe jih

Watee nyan | Adverbia watee | Time adverb | meanwhile | miinwail | sementara nyan

Urutan | Adverbia watee | Time adverb | then | then | lheuh nyan

Urutan | Adverbia watee | Time adverb | afterward | afterwerd | lheuh nyan

Urutan | Adverbia watee | Time adverb | afterwards | afterwerdz | lheuh nyan

Urutan | Adverbia watee | Time adverb | subsequently | sabsekwentli | lheuh nyan

3. Adverbia Watee: Ka, Mantong, dan Sementara

Adverb | Cara baca | Makna

already | olredi | ka

yet | yet | mantong / sampoe jinoe

still | stil | mantong

just | jast | baro / hana treb lé

ever | ever | na kheun watee nyang ka lé

never | never | hana sabe

once | wans | saboh go

twice | twais | dua go

again | agen | lom saboh go

again and again | agen and agen | meulangi-langi

forever | forevər | sampoe akhe masa

temporarily | temporerli | sementara

permanently | permenentli | sabe / teutab

Contoh:

She has already finished.

Shii haz olredi finisht.

Jih ka lheuh seuleusoe.

4. Adverbia Teumpat

Adverb | Cara baca | Makna

here | hiir | sinoe

there | dheir | sidéh

everywhere | evriweir | ban mandum teumpat

somewhere | samweir | saboh teumpat

anywhere | eniweir | teumpat pih

nowhere | noweir | hana teumpat

abroad | ebroad | di lua nanggroe

overseas | ouvərsiiz | di lua nanggroe / di seberang laot

nearby | niirbai | dekat

close | klous | dekat

far | faar | jioh

away | eweii | jioh

back | bek | u likot

forward | forwerd | u keue

backward | bekwerd | u likot

indoors | indorz | di dalam rumoh

outdoors | autdorz | di lua rumoh

upstairs | apsteirz | di tingkat ateuh

downstairs | daunsteirz | di tingkat miyup

inside | insaid | di dalam

outside | autsaid | di lua

5. Adverbia Darajat

Adverbia nyoe meujelas darajat atawa tingkatan sifat, kata keureuja, atawa adverbia laén.

Adverb | Cara baca | Makna

very | veri | that-that

really | riili | beutoi / that

extremely | ikstriimli | that that-that

highly | haili | dalam darajat nyang tinggai

absolutely | abseluutli | seutuh jih / mutlak

completely | kempliitli | seutuh jih

totally | toutali | seutuh jih

entirely | entairli | seutuh jih

fully | fuli | seutuh jih

quite | kwait | lumayan / that, teugantung konteks

rather | radhar | lumayan / agak

fairly | ferli | lumayan

pretty | priti | lumayan that

somewhat | samwhat | agak

slightly | slaitli | bacut

a little | e litel | bacut

too | tuu | that leubeh

enough | inaf | cukop

almost | olmoust | hampir

nearly | niirli | hampir

barely | berli | hana leubeh dari nyan / pas-pasan

hardly | hardli | hana meunan that

scarcely | skersli | hana meunan that

deeply | diibli | dalam / that

greatly | greitli | dalam darajat nyang raya

so | sou | that / meunan that

such | sach | lagee nyan / meunan that

a lot | e lot | le that

a bit | e bit | bacut

a little bit | e litel bit | bacut that

Contoh:

The movie is extremely interesting.

Dhe muuvii iz ikstriimli intristing.

Film nyan that meunarek.

6. Adverbia Kemungkinan dan Keyakinan

Adverb | Cara baca | Makna

certainly | sertenli | beutoi-beutoi

definitely | definitli | beutoi-beutoi

surely | shurli | beutoi-beutoi

probably | probabli | mungken that

possibly | posibli | mungken

perhaps | perhapes | mungken

maybe | meibi | mungken

apparently | eparentli | lagee nyang keu lee

evidently | evid entli | meunurot bukti / lagee nyang keu lee

clearly | klirli | ngon jelas

obviously | obviəsli | ka jelas

presumably | prizuumabli | mungken / meunurot sangkaan

supposedly | sapouzedli | meunurot nyang geupeugah

undoubtedly | andautidli | hana ragu-ragu

arguably | argyuabli | jeut geupeudebat

likely | laikli | mungken that

unlikely | anlaikli | hana mungken

7. Adverbia Sikap dan Cara Pandoeng

Adverbia kalimat atawa adverbia sikap nyoe meuceritakan sikap pandoeng ureung nyang peugah kalimat.

Adverb | Cara baca | Makna

fortunately | fortshenetli | ngon untong

unfortunately | anfortshenetli | ngon hana untong

luckily | lakili | ngon untong

sadly | sadli | ngon sedih

honestly | onestli | ngon jujur

frankly | frenkli | ngon jujur

personally | personli | meunurot pandoeng pribadi

seriously | siriəsli | ngon serius

technically | teknikali | meunurot aturan teknis

basically | beisikli | secara dasar

generally | jenrali | umumnya

normally | normali | biasana

naturally | natcherali | ngon alami

ideally | aidiali | meunurot keadaan nyang ideal

theoretically | thiəretikali | secara teori

practically | praktikali | secara praktik

politically | politikali | secara politik

economically | iikonomikali | secara ekonomi

personally | personli | meunurot pandoeng pribadi

surprisingly | serpraizingli | ngon cara nyang meukeujutan

strangely | streinjli | ngon cara nyang aneuk / ganjil

interestingly | intristingli | ngon cara nyang meunarek

importantly | importentli | ngon cara nyang peunteng

especially | espe shali | khusus jih

particularly | partikyu lerli | khusus jih

8. Adverbia Peubatasan

Adverb | Cara baca | Makna

only | ounli | mantong / hana laén

just | jast | mantong / baro

even | iiven | bahkan

also | olsou | pih

too | tuu | pih

as well | az wel | pih

mainly | meinli | teutama

mostly | moustli | sabagian raya

merely | mirli | mantong / hana leubeh

simply | simpli | ngon cara sederhana / mantong

particularly | partikyu lerli | khusus jih

especially | espe shali | khusus jih

exactly | igzaktli | ngon tepat

precisely | prisaisli | ngon tepat that

specifically | spesifikali | ngon khusus

solely | soul li | mantong / khusus

largely | larjli | dalam sabagian raya

even | iiven | bahkan

indeed | indiid | beutoi / memang

Contoh:

Only John knows the answer.

Ounli Jon nouz dhe anser.

Mantong John nyang teupeu jawaban nyan.

9. Adverbia Negatif

Adverb | Cara baca | Makna

not | not | hana / kon

never | never | hana sabe

nowhere | noweir | hana teumpat

hardly | hardli | hana meunan that

scarcely | skersli | hana meunan that

barely | berli | pas-pasan / hana leubeh

rarely | rerli | jarang

seldom | seldom | jarang

Catatan peunteng:

not na tanda utama keu kalimat negatif.

I do not work.

Ai duu not werk.

Lon hana keureuja.

10. Adverbia Akibat dan Kesimpulan

Adverb | Cara baca | Makna

therefore | dheirfor | sabab nyan / ngon meunan

thus | dhas | meunan / ngon meunan

consequently | konsekwentli | akibat jih

accordingly | ekordingli | meunurot nyan

hence | hens | sabab nyan

otherwise | adherwaiz | meunyo kon / seulaén nyan

Contoh:

He was sick; therefore, he stayed home.

Hii woz sik; dheirfor, hii steid houm.

Jih saket; sabab nyan, jih tinggai di rumoh.

11. Adverbia Tambahan dan Hubungan

Adverb | Cara baca | Makna

also | olsou | pih

too | tuu | pih

additionally | edishenali | tambahan jih

moreover | morouvər | leubeh that lom

furthermore | ferthermor | tambahan jih lom

besides | bisaidz | seulaén nyan

likewise | laikwaiz | meunan cit

similarly | similərli | meunan cit

12. Adverbia Bandingan dan Kesamaan

Adverb | Cara baca | Makna

similarly | similərli | meunan cit

likewise | laikwaiz | meunan cit

equally | iikwali | ngon darajat nyang saban

similarly | similərli | ngon cara nyang meunan cit

comparatively | komperetivli | secara bandingan

relatively | relativli | secara nisbi

correspondingly | korrespondingli | meunurot kesesuaian

13. Adverbia Peugatur dan Peusambong

Adverbia nyoe geupake keu peugatur pikiran dan peusambong kalimat.

Adverb | Cara baca | Makna

however | hauever | akan tetapi

therefore | dheirfor | sabab nyan

moreover | morouvər | leubeh that lom

furthermore | ferthermor | tambahan jih lom

nevertheless | neverdheles | meunyo meunan pih

nonetheless | nандheles | meunyo meunan pih

meanwhile | miinwail | sementara nyan

instead | insted | seubagai gantoe

otherwise | adherwaiz | meunyo kon

consequently | konsekwentli | akibat jih

subsequently | sabsekwentli | lheuh nyan

alternatively | olternativli | seubagai pilihan laén

finally | fainali | akhe jih

firstly | ferstli | nyang awai

secondly | sekendli | nyang keudua

thirdly | therdli | nyang keulhee

next | nekst | nyang teuka

then | dhen | lheuh nyan

afterward | afterwerd | lheuh nyan

14. Adverbia Tanyoeng

Adverbia tanyoeng nyoe geupake keu tanyoeng cara, darajat, watee, teumpat, dan frekuensi.

Kata | Cara baca | Makna

how | hau | pakon cara / peu meucara

when | wen | pajan

where | weir | pat

why | wai | pakon

how much | hau mach | padum / padum hargoe

how many | hau meni | padum boh

how often | hau ofen | padum go

how long | hau long | padum treb

how far | hau faar | padum jioh

how soon | hau suun | padum treb lom / pajan lom

how well | hau wel | padum get / seujahtra peu meunan

how quickly | hau kwikli | padum cepat

Contoh:

How often do you exercise?

Hau ofen duu yuu eksersaiz?

Padum go gata meuolahraga?

15. Adverbia Cara

Adverbia cara meujelas pakon cara saboh keureuja teujadi.

Adverb | Cara baca | Makna

quickly | kwikli | ngon cepat

slowly | slouli | ngon pelan

carefully | kerfəli | ngon hati-hati

easily | iizili | ngon mudah

badly | badli | ngon cara nyang jéh

well | wel | ngon get

clearly | klirli | ngon jelas

quietly | kwaitli | ngon seunyap

loudly | laudli | ngon suara nyang manyang

secretly | siikretli | ngon rahasia

openly | oupenli | ngon teurang-terangan

together | tuge dher | meusama-sama

apart | apart | meuteupah

directly | direk tli | langsung

indirectly | indirek tli | hana langsung

deliberately | diliberetli | ngon sengaja

accidentally | aksidentli | hana sengaja

carefully | kerfəli | ngon teuliti

successfully | saksesfəli | ngon beurhasil

differently | diferentli | ngon cara nyang laén

16. Adverbia Peukiraan

Adverb | Cara baca | Makna

hopefully | houpfəli | ngon harapan

presumably | prizuumabli | meunurot peukiraan

supposedly | sapouzedli | meunurot sangkaan

predictably | pridiktəbli | meunurot nyang geupeukira

unexpectedly | anik spektidli | ngon cara nyang hana geupeukira

inevitably | inevitəbli | hana jeut geuhindari

eventually | iventshuali | akhe jih

17. Adverbia Urutan

Adverb | Cara baca | Makna

first | ferst | nyang awai

firstly | ferstli | nyang awai

second | sekend | nyang keudua

secondly | sekendli | nyang keudua

third | therd | nyang keulhee

thirdly | therdli | nyang keulhee

next | nekst | nyang teuka

then | dhen | lheuh nyan

finally | fainali | akhe jih

lastly | lastli | nyang akhe

18. Adverbia Peuteugas

Adverb | Cara baca | Makna

certainly | sertenli | beutoi-beutoi

definitely | definitli | beutoi-beutoi

indeed | indi id | memang / beutoi

really | riili | beutoi

truly | truuli | beutoi

absolutely | abseluutli | seutuh jih

actually | akchuali | seubeunai jih

literally | literəli | secara harfiah

genuinely | jenyuənli | ngon ikhlas / beutoi

clearly | klirli | ngon jelas

obviously | obviəsli | ka jelas

surely | shurli | beutoi-beutoi

right (geupake sigohlom adverbia) | rait | beutoi / tepat

19. Adverbia Peujelas dan Peuteugas

Adverb | Cara baca | Makna

actually | akchuali | seubeunai jih

really | riili | ngon beutoi

rather | radhar | leubeh tepat / agak

instead | insted | seubagai gantoe

specifically | spesifikali | ngon khusus

precisely | prisaisli | ngon tepat

exactly | igzaktli | ngon tepat that

namely | neimli | nyan na / secara khusus

simply | simpli | ngon cara sederhana

basically | beisikli | secara dasar

20. Adverbia Peukiraan Dekat

Adverb | Cara baca | Makna

almost | olmoust | hampir

nearly | niirli | hampir

approximately | eproksimetli | kira-kira

roughly | rafli | kira-kira

about | ebaut | kira-kira

around | eraun | kira-kira

virtually | verchuali | hampir / secara praktik

practically | praktikali | hampir / secara praktik

roughly | rafli | kira-kira

21. Adverbia Peubatasan

Adverb | Cara baca | Makna

only | ounli | mantong / hana laén

merely | mirli | mantong

solely | soulli | mantong / khusus

exclusively | eksklusivli | khusus

otherwise | adherwaiz | meunyo kon

apart | apart | kecuali / meuteupah

22. Adverbia Peucakup

Adverb | Cara baca | Makna

altogether | oltu gedher | seutuh jih / secara keseluruhan

entirely | entairli | seutuh jih

completely | kempliitli | seutuh jih

fully | fuli | seutuh jih

wholly | houli | seutuh jih

universally | yuuniversali | secara umum / di ban donya

23. Adverbia Kalimat dan Informasi

Adverbia nyoe na hubungan ngon cara pandoeng ureung nyang peugah kalimat.

Adverb | Cara baca | Makna

actually | akchuali | seubeunai jih

apparently | eparentli | lagee nyang keu lee

certainly | sertenli | beutoi-beutoi

clearly | klirli | ngon jelas

definitely | definitli | beutoi-beutoi

evidently | evidentli | meunurot bukti

fortunately | fortshenetli | ngon untong

frankly | frenkli | ngon jujur

generally | jenrali | umumnya

honestly | onestli | ngon jujur

ideally | aidiali | meunurot keadaan ideal

indeed | indi id | memang

naturally | natcherali | ngon alami

obviously | obviəsli | ka jelas

personally | personli | meunurot pandoeng pribadi

perhaps | perhapes | mungken

probably | probabli | mungken that

seriously | siriəsli | ngon serius

surely | shurli | beutoi-beutoi

surprisingly | serpraizingli | ngon cara nyang meukeujutan

theoretically | thiəretikali | secara teori

unfortunately | anfortshenetli | ngon hana untong

Jenis dalam Bahasa Aceh | Pola dalam Bahasa Aceh | Cara baca pola dalam Bahasa Inggréh | Contoh | Cara baca | Makna

Adverbia dibentuk dari adjective — cara dasar | Adjective + -ly | Adjective + -ly | quick → quickly | kwik → kwikli | cepat → ngon cepat

Adjective nyang akhe jih -y | buang y + -ily | adjective minus y + -ily | happy → happily | hepi → hepili | seunang → ngon seunang

Adjective nyang akhe jih -le | buang e + -y | adjective minus e + -y | gentle → gently | jentel → jentli | leumah-leumah → ngon leumah

Adjective nyang akhe jih -ic | adjective + -ally | adjective + -ally | basic → basically | beisik → beisikli | dasar → secara dasar

Beberapa adjective nyang akhe jih -ic | adjective + -ally | adjective + -ally | dramatic → dramatically | dramatic → dramaticli | dramatis → secara dramatis

Beberapa adjective nyang akhe jih -ue | adjective + -ly | adjective + -ly | true → truly | truu → truuli | beutoi → ngon beutoi

Adjective nyang akhe jih -ll | adjective + -y | adjective + -y | full → fully | ful → fuli | penuh → seutuh jih

Adjective hana berubah | bentuk kata nyang sama | same word | fast → fast | fast → fast | cepat → cepat

Adjective hana berubah | bentuk kata nyang sama | same word | hard → hard | hard → hard | payah → ngon payah

Adjective hana berubah | bentuk kata nyang sama | same word | late → late | leit → leit | teulat → teulat

Adjective hana berubah | bentuk kata nyang sama | same word | early → early | erli → erli | awai → awai

Adverbia irregular | bentuk khusus | irregular form | good → well | gud → wel | get → ngon get

Adverbia dibentuk dari noun | noun + -ward/-wards | noun + -ward/-wards | home → homeward | houm → houmwerd | rumoh → u arah rumoh

Adverbia dibentuk dari noun | noun + -wise | noun + -wise | clock → clockwise | klok → klokwaiz | jam → meunurot arah jam

Adverbia gabongan | kata + kata | word + word | somehow | samhau | ngon saboh cara

Adverbia gabongan | kata + kata | word + word | everywhere | evriweir | ban mandum teumpat

Frasa adverbia | frasa + noun atawa preposisi | adverbial phrase | in the morning | in dhe morning | bak watee beungoh

9- Kata Sambong

1. Kata Sambong Koordinatif — Coordinating Conjunctions

Kata sambong nyoe geupeuguna keu peuhubong unsur-unsur nyang sederajat dalam tata bahasa.

Kata sambong — Cara baca — Makna

and — end — dan

but — bat — teuma / akan tetapi

or — or — atawa

nor — nor — meunan cit hana

for — for — sabab

yet — yet — teuma / meunyo pih

so — so — jadi / sabab nyan

FANBOYS

For — for

And — end

Nor — nor

But — bat

Or — or

Yet — yet

So — so

I was tired, but I worked.

Ai waz tai-erd, bat ai werkt.

Lon capek, teuma lon keureuja.

2. Kata Sambong Subordinatif — Subordinating Conjunctions

Kata sambong nyoe geupeuguna keu peuhubong klausa bawahan ngon klausa utama.

Sabab

Kata sambong — Cara baca — Makna

because — bi-kawz / kawz — sabab

since — sins — sabab / sejak

as — az — sabab / watee

seeing that — sii-ing dhat — meunimbang bahwa

seeing as — sii-ing az — sabab

now that — naw dhat — sabab jinoe

given that — gi-ven dhat — meunimbang bahwa

considering that — ken-si-de-ring dhat — meunimbang bahwa

inasmuch as — in-az-matsh az — sabab / meunimbang bahwa

insofar as — in-so-far az — seujauh nyang

insomuch as — in-so-matsh az — dalam kadar nyan

in that — in dhat — dalam hal bahwa

I stayed home because I was tired.

Ai steid howm bi-kawz ai waz tai-erd.

Lon teutab di rumoh sabab lon capek.

3. Kata Sambong Syarat

Kata sambong — Cara baca — Makna

if — if — meunyo

unless — an-les — meunyo hana / kecuali meunyo

provided — pro-vai-did — asai

provided that — pro-vai-did dhat — asai bahwa

providing — pro-vai-ding — asai

providing that — pro-vai-ding dhat — asai bahwa

as long as — az long az — salama / asai

so long as — so long az — salama

on condition that — on ken-di-shen dhat — ngon syarat bahwa

in case — in keis — meunyo teujadi / keu persiapan

in the event that — in dhi i-vent dhat — meunyo teujadi

assuming that — a-su-ming dhat — meunurot anggapan bahwa

supposing that — se-po-zing dhat — meunyo misai bahwa

suppose that — se-poz dhat — anggap bahwa

given that — gi-ven dhat — meunimbang bahwa

granted that — gran-tid dhat — meunyo geuteurimong bahwa

granting that — gran-ting dhat — meunyo geuteurimong bahwa

If you study, you will learn.

If yu sta-di, yu wil lern.

Meunyo gata meurunoe, gata akan meurunoe.

4. Kata Sambong Pertentangan dan Konsesi

Kata sambong — Cara baca — Makna

although — ol-dhow — meunyo pih

though — dhow — meunyo pih

even though — ii-ven dhow — meunyo pih

even if — ii-ven if — meunyo pih

whereas — wer-az — seudangkan

while — wail — seudangkan / watee

whilst — wailst — seudangkan

albeit — ol-bii-it — meunyo pih

much as — matsh az — meunyo pih

however much — haw-e-ver matsh — beurapa pih

no matter how — no ma-ter haw — peu cara pih

no matter what — no ma-ter wat — peu mantong

no matter who — no ma-ter huu — soe mantong

no matter where — no ma-ter wer — pat mantong

no matter when — no ma-ter wen — pajan mantong

no matter which — no ma-ter witsh — nyang mana mantong

Even though he was tired, he continued.

Ii-ven dhow hii waz tai-erd, hii ken-tin-yuud.

Meunyo pih jih capek, jih teutab lanjut.

5. Kata Sambong Watee

Kata sambong — Cara baca — Makna

when — wen — watee

whenever — wen-e-ver — tiap-tiap watee

while — wail — watee / seudangkan

whilst — wailst — watee / seudangkan

before — bi-for — sigohlom

after — af-ter — lheueh / oedeup

until / till / 'til / 'till — an-til / til / til / til — sampoe

since — sins — sejak

once — wans — meunyo ka

as soon as — az suun az — meunan cit watee

as long as — az long az — salama

so long as — so long az — salama

by the time — bai dhe taim — watee ka troh saat nyan

every time — ev-ri taim — tiap-tiap watee

each time — iitsh taim — tiap-tiap watee

the moment — dhe mow-ment — saat nyan

the minute — dhe mi-nit — saat nyan

the instant — dhe in-stent — saat nyan

directly — di-rekt-li — langsung

immediately — i-mii-di-et-li — langsung

hardly... when — hard-li... wen — baro mantong... watee

scarcely... when — skers-li... wen — baro mantong... watee

no sooner... than — no suu-ner... dhan — baro mantong... langsung

Call me when you arrive.

Kol mii wen yu a-raiv.

Peugah bak lon watee gata troh.

6. Kata Sambong Tujuan

Kata sambong — Cara baca — Makna

so that — so dhat — mangat / supaya

in order that — in or-der dhat — mangat / supaya

lest — lest — mangat hana / keu meunyegah

for fear that — for fiir dhat — sabab takot bahwa

in case — in keis — keu persiapan meunyo teujadi

I studied hard so that I could pass.

Ai sta-diid hard so dhat ai kud pas.

Lon meurunoe ngon sunggoh-sunggoh mangat lon lulus.

7. Kata Sambong Hasil

Kata sambong — Cara baca — Makna

so... that — so... dhat — meunan... sampoe

such... that — satsh... dhat — meunan... sampoe

so that — so dhat — sampoe / akibat jih

such that — satsh dhat — meunan bahwa

He was so tired that he slept immediately.

Hii waz so tai-erd dhat hii slept i-mii-di-et-li.

Jih capek that sampoe jih teungeut langsung.

8. Kata Sambong Perbandingan

Kata sambong — Cara baca — Makna

than — dhan — nibak / daripada

as... as — az... az — saboh... ngon

not as... as — not az... az — hana saboh... ngon

as if — az if — lagee meunyo

as though — az dhow — lagee meunyo

just as — jest az — tepat lagee

the more... the more — dhe mor... dhe mor — makin... makin

the more... the less — dhe mor... dhe les — makin leubeh... makin kurang

the less... the more — dhe les... dhe mor — makin kurang... makin leubeh

the less... the less — dhe les... dhe les — makin kurang... makin kurang

She is taller than I am.

Shii iz tol-er dhan ai em.

Jih leubeh manyang nibak lon.

9. Kata Sambong Cara dan Kesamaan

Kata sambong — Cara baca — Makna

as — az — lagee

as if — az if — lagee meunyo

as though — az dhow — lagee meunyo

just as — jest az — tepat lagee

the way — dhe wei — cara nyang

in the way that — in dhe wei dhat — ngon cara nyang

however — haw-e-ver — peu cara pih / bagaimanapun

however you — haw-e-ver yu — ngon cara peu mantong gata

He talks as if he knows everything.

Hii toks az if hii nowz ev-ri-thing.

Jih meubicara lagee jih tuhoe mandum.

10. Kata Sambong Pilihan

Kata sambong — Cara baca — Makna

or — or — atawa

either... or — ii-dher... or — atawa... atawa

whether... or — wedher... or — peu... atawa

whether... or not — wedher... or not — peu... atawa hana

Either you come or I leave.

Ii-dher yu kam or ai liiv.

Meunyo gata troh, atawa lon jak.

11. Kata Sambong Berpasangan — Correlative Conjunctions

Pola — Cara baca — Makna

both... and — bowth... end — both... dan

either... or — ii-dher... or — atawa... atawa

neither... nor — nai-dher... nor — hana... meunan cit hana

not only... but also — not own-li... bat ol-so — hana mantong... teuma cit

whether... or — wedher... or — peu... atawa

whether... or not — wedher... or not — peu... atawa hana

rather... than — ra-dher... dhan — leubeh geumeung... nibak

no sooner... than — no suu-ner... dhan — baro mantong... langsung

hardly... when — hard-li... wen — baro mantong... watee

scarcely... when — skers-li... wen — baro mantong... watee

barely... when — ber-li... wen — baro mantong... watee

the more... the more — dhe mor... dhe mor — makin... makin

the more... the less — dhe mor... dhe les — makin leubeh... makin kurang

the less... the more — dhe les... dhe mor — makin kurang... makin leubeh

the less... the less — dhe les... dhe les — makin kurang... makin kurang

12. Kata Sambong Tambahan

Kata sambong — Cara baca — Makna

and — end — dan

as well as — az wel az — meunan cit / seulain nyan

not to mention — not tu men-shen — hana peugah lom

besides — bi-saidz — seulain nyan

let alone — let a-lown — apalagi

much less — matsh les — leubeh-leubeh lom hana

to say nothing of — tu sei na-thing ov — hana peugah lom

apart from — a-part from — seulain nibak / kecuali

aside from — a-said from — seulain nibak / kecuali

Saboh nibak ungkapan nyoe jeuet teuma keu frasa preposisi atawa ungkapan peuhubong, jadi hana mandum ungkapan nyoe teumasok kata sambong seucara teupat.

13. Kata Sambong Pengecualian

Kata sambong — Cara baca — Makna

except that — ik-sept dhat — kecuali bahwa

except when — ik-sept wen — kecuali watee

except if — ik-sept if — kecuali meunyo

save that — seiv dhat — kecuali bahwa

but that — bat dhat — kecuali bahwa

unless — an-les — meunyo hana / kecuali meunyo

14. Kata Sambong Anggapan

Kata sambong — Cara baca — Makna

assuming that — a-su-ming dhat — meunurot anggapan bahwa

supposing that — se-po-zing dhat — meunyo misai bahwa

suppose that — se-poz dhat — anggap bahwa

presuming that — pri-zu-ming dhat — meunurot anggapan bahwa

provided that — pro-vai-did dhat — asai bahwa

providing that — pro-vai-ding dhat — asai bahwa

given that — gi-ven dhat — meunimbang bahwa

granting that — gran-ting dhat — meunyo geuteurimong bahwa

granted that — gran-tid dhat — meunyo geuteurimong bahwa

15. Kata Sambong Pilihan Bebas

Kata sambong — Cara baca — Makna

whoever — huu-ev-er — soe mantong

whomever — huu-m-ev-er — bak soe mantong

whatever — wat-ev-er — peu mantong

whichever — witsh-ev-er — nyang mana mantong

wherever — wer-ev-er — pat mantong

whenever — wen-ev-er — pajan mantong / tiap-tiap watee

however — haw-ev-er — bagaimanapun / peu cara pih

Whoever comes can enter.

Huu-ev-er kamz ken en-ter.

Soe mantong nyang troh, jeuet tamong.

Whatever you choose is fine.

Wat-ev-er yu chuuz iz fain.

Peu mantong nyang gata pileh, hana masalah.

16. Kata Sambong Kuno dan Formal

Ungkapan nyoe na dalam Bahasa Inggréh, teuma saboh nibak jih leubeh jarang geupeuguna dalam peucakapan jinoe.

Kata sambong — Cara baca — Makna

albeit — ol-bii-it — meunyo pih

albeit that — ol-bii-it dhat — meunyo pih bahwa

albeit when — ol-bii-it wen — meunyo pih watee

albeit with — ol-bii-it with — meunyo pih ngon

insofar as — in-so-far az — seujauh nyang

inasmuch as — in-az-matsh az — sabab / meunimbang bahwa

insomuch as — in-so-matsh az — dalam kadar nyan

notwithstanding that — not-with-stan-ding dhat — meunyo pih meunan

whereas — wer-az — seudangkan

whilst — wailst — seudangkan

lest — lest — mangat hana

save that — seiv dhat — kecuali bahwa

provided that — pro-vai-did dhat — asai bahwa

supposing that — se-po-zing dhat — meunyo misai bahwa

17. Kata nyang Sering Geuanggap Kata Sambong, Teuma Seucara Teupat Hana Kata Sambong

Ungkapan nyoe sering geupeuguna keu peuhubong pikiran, teuma seucara tata bahasa geupeugolong sabagai kata keterangan peuhubong.

Kata — Cara baca — Golongan nyang umum — Makna

however — haw-ev-er — conjunctive adverb — teuma / akan tetapi

therefore — dher-for — conjunctive adverb — oleh sabab nyan

moreover — mor-o-ver — conjunctive adverb — meunan cit

furthermore — fer-dher-mor — conjunctive adverb — seulain nyan

nevertheless — nev-er-dhe-les — conjunctive adverb — meunyo pih meunan

nonetheless — non-dhe-les — conjunctive adverb — meunyo pih meunan

consequently — kon-se-kwent-li — conjunctive adverb — akibat jih

otherwise — adher-waiz — conjunctive adverb — meunyo hana / sebalik jih

instead — in-sted — conjunctive adverb — sabagai gantinya

meanwhile — miin-wail — conjunctive adverb — sementara nyan

thus — dhas — conjunctive adverb — meunan / ngon cara nyan

hence — hens — conjunctive adverb — oleh sabab nyan

Contoh:

I was tired; however, I worked.

Ai waz tai-erd; haw-ev-er, ai werkt.

Lon capek; teuma lon keureuja.

Ingat bahwa “however” hana saboh makna ngon “but”.

Bek geupeuguna “however” lagee “but” dalam struktur kalimat nyang hana teupat.

❌ I was tired, however I worked.

Contoh nyang teupat:

✅ I was tired, but I worked.

Atawa:

✅ I was tired; however, I worked.

If only — Seumoga / Andai mantong

If only I played.

If own-li ai pleid.

Andai mantong lon meumaén.

Anyway / Anyways — Peu pih / Dalam hal peu pih

Anyway / Anyways — en-i-wei / en-i-weis — peu pih / dalam hal peu pih

10- Kata Depan (PREPOSITIONS)

10.1- Kata Depan Dasar (Basic Prepositions)

1. About — Tentang / meuhai — Example: We talked about the problem. — Kamoe meubicara tentang masalah nyan.

2. Above — Di ateuh — Example: The picture is above the table. — Gambar nyan na di ateuh meja.

3. Across — Meulintas / di sabrang — Example: She walked across the street. — Jih meujak meulintas jalan.

4. After — Oen / lheueh — Example: We went home after school. — Kamoe jak u rumoh lheueh sikula.

5. Against — Meulawan / meunempel bak — Example: He leaned against the wall. — Jih meunempel bak binèh.

6. Along — Sapanjang — Example: They walked along the river. — Awaknyan meujak sapanjang krueng.

7. Amid — Di teungoh-teungoh — Example: He remained calm amid the chaos. — Jih teutab tenang di teungoh-teungoh keuadaan nyang kacau.

8. Among — Di antara — Example: She was sitting among her friends. — Jih teungoh duek di antara rakan-rakan jih.

9. Around — Di seuliling — Example: We walked around the park. — Kamoe meujak di seuliling taman.

10. At — Bak / di — Example: I am at home. — Lon na di rumoh.

11. Before — Sigohlom — Example: Wash your hands before eating. — Cuci jaroe gata sigohlom pajoh bu.

12. Behind — Di likôt — Example: The car is behind the house. — Moto nyan na di likôt rumoh.

13. Below — Di yup — Example: The temperature is below zero. — Suhu nyan na di yup nol.

14. Beneath — Di yup / di miyup — Example: The cat is beneath the table. — Meusi nyan na di yup meja.

15. Beside — Di bineh — Example: She sat beside me. — Jih duek di bineh lon.

16. Besides — Meunyo ditamah / laén nibak nyan — Example: Besides English, he speaks Arabic. — Laén nibak Bahasa Inggréh, jih geupeugah basa Arab.

17. Between — Di antara — Example: The shop is between the bank and the school. — Toko nyan na di antara bank ngon sikula.

18. Beyond — Di sabrang / leubeh jauh nibak — Example: The village lies beyond the hills. — Gampông nyan na di sabrang bukét-bukét.

19. By — Le / bak / di bineh — Example: The book was written by her. — Buku nyan geutuleh le jih.

20. Concerning — Meuhai / tentang — Example: We received a letter concerning the meeting. — Kamoe teurimong saboh surat meuhai peuteumuan nyan.

21. Despite — Meunyo pih / meunyo na — Example: Despite the rain, we went outside. — Meunyo pih ujeun, kamoe teutab jak keu lua.

22. Down — U miyup — Example: He walked down the hill. — Jih meujak u miyup bukét.

23. During — Watee / seulama — Example: Nobody spoke during the meeting. — Hana soe meubicara seulama peuteumuan nyan.

24. Except — Kecuali — Example: Everyone came except Ali. — Mandum ureung troh, kecuali Ali.

25. For — Keu / bagi — Example: This gift is for you. — Peunajoh nyoe keu gata.

26. From — Dari — Example: I am from Aceh. — Lon nibak Aceh.

27. In — Di / dalam — Example: The keys are in the bag. — Kunci nyan na dalam tas.

28. Inside — Di dalam — Example: The children are inside the house. — Aneuk-aneuk nyan na di dalam rumoh.

29. Into — Tamong u dalam — Example: She went into the room. — Jih tamong u dalam kamar.

30. Like — Lagee — Example: He runs like a professional athlete. — Jih meulumpat lagee atlit profesional.

31. Near — Dekat / hana jioh — Example: The school is near my house. — Sikula nyan dekat ngon rumoh lon.

32. Of — Nibak / ngon — Example: The color of the sky is blue. — Warna langet nyan biru.

33. Off — Dari / teupisah nibak — Example: He fell off the chair. — Jih teujatôh dari kursi.

34. On — Di ateuh — Example: The book is on the table. — Buku nyan na di ateuh meja.

35. Onto — U ateuh — Example: The cat jumped onto the table. — Meusi nyan meulompat u ateuh meja.

36. Opposite — Di sabrang / meuhadapan ngon — Example: The bank is opposite the school. — Bank nyan na meuhadapan ngon sikula.

37. Out — Keu lua — Example: He went out. — Jih jak keu lua.

38. Outside — Di lua — Example: The children are playing outside. — Aneuk-aneuk nyan teungoh meuen di lua.

39. Over — Di ateuh / meulintas — Example: The plane flew over the city. — Kapai teurabang meulintas banda.

40. Past — Meulintas / leupah nibak — Example: We walked past the shop. — Kamoe meujak leupah toko nyan.

41. Regarding — Meuhai / tentang — Example: I have a question regarding the lesson. — Lon na saboh pertanyaan meuhai peulajaran nyan.

42. Round — Di seuliling — Example: They sat round the table. — Awaknyan duek di seuliling meja.

43. Since — Sejak — Example: I have lived here since 2020. — Lon ka teutab uroe di sinoe sejak 2020.

44. Through — Meulalui / meulintas dalam — Example: We walked through the forest. — Kamoe meujak meulalui uteuen.

45. Throughout — Sapanjang / di mandum bagian — Example: It rained throughout the night. — Ujeun uroen sepanjang malam.

46. Till — Sampoe — Example: Wait till tomorrow. — Tunggô sampoe singoh.

47. To — U / keu — Example: I am going to school. — Lon jak u sikula.

48. Toward / Towards — U arah — Example: She walked toward the door. — Jih meujak u arah pintô.

49. Under — Di yup — Example: The shoes are under the bed. — Sépatu nyan na di yup teumpat teungeut.

50. Underneath — Di bagian yup — Example: The ball is underneath the table. — Bola nyan na di bagian yup meja.

51. Unlike — Hana lagee / meunyo dibandingkan ngon — Example: Unlike his brother, he is quiet. — Hana lagee syedara agam jih, jih leumôh suara.

52. Until — Sampoe — Example: Stay here until I return. — Teutab di sinoe sampoe lon teuka lom.

53. Up — U ateuh — Example: He climbed up the ladder. — Jih meukayèh u ateuh tangga.

54. Upon — Di ateuh / watee — Example: Upon arrival, call me. — Watee troh, peugah bak lon.

55. Via — Meulalui — Example: We travelled via Kuala Lumpur. — Kamoe meujak meulalui Kuala Lumpur.

56. With — Ngon — Example: I went with my friend. — Lon jak ngon rakan lon.

57. Within — Dalam / di dalam batas — Example: Finish the task within an hour. — Peuseuleusai tugas nyan dalam saboh jam.

58. Without — Tanpa / hana — Example: He left without saying goodbye. — Jih jak tanpa geupeugah salam.

10.2- Kata Depan Gabôngan (Compound Prepositions)

1. according to — Meunurot — Example: According to the report, sales increased. — Meunurot laporan nyan, peunjuëh meutamah.

2. ahead of — Sigohlom / di keue — Example: She arrived ahead of us. — Jih troh sigohlom kamoe.

3. along with — Ngon — Example: He came along with his brother. — Jih troh ngon syedara agam jih.

4. apart from — Kecuali / laén nibak nyan — Example: Apart from John, everyone agreed. — Kecuali John, mandum ureung seutuju.

5. as for — Meunyo meuhai — Example: As for me, I agree. — Meunyo meuhai lon, lon seutuju.

6. as of — Mulai nibak — Example: As of Monday, the rule applies. — Mulai nibak uroe Senin, aturan nyan meulaku.

7. as to — Meuhai / tentang — Example: There is uncertainty as to the cause. — Hana keupeuastian meuhai sabab nyan.

8. because of — Sabab — Example: We stayed home because of the rain. — Kamoe teutab di rumoh sabab ujeun.

9. by means of — Ngon cara / meulalui — Example: We solved it by means of a computer. — Kamoe seulese masalah nyan ngon komputer.

10. by way of — Meulalui — Example: We went by way of London. — Kamoe jak meulalui London.

11. close to — Dekat ngon — Example: The school is close to my house. — Sikula nyan dekat ngon rumoh lon.

12. due to — Sabab — Example: The flight was delayed due to fog. — Peujalanan kapai nyan teulambat sabab kabut.

13. except for — Kecuali — Example: Everyone came except for Mary. — Mandum ureung troh kecuali Mary.

14. far from — Jioh nibak — Example: The answer is far from simple. — Jawaban nyan jioh nibak mudah.

15. in addition to — Laén nibak nyan — Example: In addition to English, he studies Arabic. — Laén nibak Bahasa Inggréh, jih meurunoe Bahasa Arab.

16. in case of — Meunyo teujadi — Example: Call me in case of emergency. — Peugah bak lon meunyo na keadaan darurat.

17. in front of — Di keue — Example: The car is in front of the house. — Moto nyan na di keue rumoh.

18. in place of — Sabagai gantoe — Example: Use this in place of sugar. — Pakek nyoe sabagai gantoe gula.

19. in spite of — Meunyo pih — Example: In spite of the rain, we left. — Meunyo pih ujeun, kamoe teutab jak.

20. in terms of — Meuhai / nibak segi — Example: In terms of price, it is cheap. — Nibak segi harga, nyan murah.

21. instead of — Sabagai gantoe — Example: I drank tea instead of coffee. — Lon meunyoe teeh sabagai gantoe kopi.

22. next to — Di bineh — Example: Sit next to me. — Duek di bineh lon.

23. on account of — Sabab — Example: The match was canceled on account of rain. — Peurmainan nyan geubateu sabab ujeun.

24. on behalf of — Meuwakili — Example: I spoke on behalf of the team. — Lon meubicara meuwakili tim nyan.

25. on top of — Di ateuh — Example: The keys are on top of the box. — Kunci nyan na di ateuh kotak.

26. out of — Dari dalam / keu lua nibak — Example: He walked out of the room. — Jih jak keu lua nibak kamar.

27. owing to — Sabab — Example: The event was canceled owing to rain. — Acara nyan geubateu sabab ujeun.

28. prior to — Sigohlom — Example: Prior to the meeting, we prepared. — Sigohlom peuteumuan, kamoe meusiap.

29. regardless of — Hana meupaduli keu — Example: We will continue regardless of the cost. — Kamoe teutab lanjot hana meupaduli keu biaya.

30. thanks to — Meunyankeuh sabab bantuan — Example: Thanks to you, we succeeded. — Sabab bantuan gata, kamoe berhasil.

31. together with — Meusama ngon — Example: She came together with her friends. — Jih troh meusama ngon rakan-rakan jih.

32. up to — Sampoe / paleng that — Example: Up to ten people can enter. — Sampoe siploh ureung jeuet tamong.

33. with regard to — Meuhai — Example: With regard to your question, I agree. — Meuhai pertanyaan gata, lon seutuju.

34. with respect to — Meuhai / nibak segi — Example: With respect to this issue, we disagree. — Meuhai masalah nyoe, pendapat kamoe hana saboh.

10.3- Ungkapan Kata Depan Tambahan

1. by virtue of — Sabab / meunurot kekuasaan

2. by dint of — Ngon usaha nyang keubit

3. by reason of — Sabab

4. by courtesy of — Ngon bantuan / izin nibak

5. by order of — Meunurot peurintah

6. by reference to — Ngon merujuk keu

7. by means of — Ngon cara

8. by way of — Meulalui

9. in accordance with — Meunurot / sejalan ngon

10. in comparison with — Meunyo dibandingkan ngon

11. in connection with — Meuhai / meuhubông ngon

12. in contrast to — Meulawan ngon / beudaa ngon

13. in exchange for — Sabagai gantoe keu

14. in favor of — Meudukông keu

15. in lieu of — Sabagai gantoe

16. in relation to — Meuhubông ngon

17. in response to — Sabagai jawaban keu

18. in search of — Teungoh mita

19. in view of — Meunimbang

20. on the basis of — Meunurot dasar

21. on the grounds of — Meunurot alasan

22. with a view to — Ngon tujuan

23. with the exception of — Kecuali

24. with the help of — Ngon bantuan

25. with reference to — Meuhai / merujuk keu

10.4- Kata Depan Kuno dan Formal

1. abaft — Di likôt

2. alongside — Di bineh

3. amidst — Di teungoh-teungoh

4. amongst — Di antara

5. astride — Meuduek ngon kaki di dua sisi

6. athwart — Meulintas / meuseberang

7. atop — Di ateuh

8. barring — Kecuali

9. circa — Kira-kira / sekitar

10. cum — Ngon / meusama ngon

11. ere — Sigohlom

12. notwithstanding — Meunyo pih

13. per — Tiap / meulalui

14. save — Kecuali

15. vis-à-vis — Meuhadapan ngon / meuhai

16. worth — Meuharga / patot keu

Contoh:

Notwithstanding the difficulties, we continued.

Meunyo pih na keusulitan, kamoe teutab lanjot.

10.5- Kata Depan untuk Hubungan Tempat

Hubungan — Kata Depan

Di dalam — in, inside, within

Tamong u dalam — into

Keu lua — out, outside

Di ateuh permukaan — on

U ateuh permukaan — onto

Di ateuh — above, over, atop, on top of

Di yup — under, below, beneath, underneath

Di keue — in front of, before

Di likôt — behind

Di bineh — beside, by, next to, alongside

Di antara dua — between

Di antara rame ureung — among, amongst

Deukat ngon — near, close to

Meuhadapan ngon — opposite, across from

Di seuliling — around, round

Meulintas / meulalui — across, through

Sapanjang — along

U arah — toward, towards

Jioh nibak — away from, off

Leupah nibak — past, beyond

10.6- Kata Depan untuk Hubungan Watee

Hubungan Watee — Kata Depan — Contoh

Watee nyang teupat — at — at 5 o'clock

Uroe / tanggal — on — on Monday

Buleuen / thon / masa — in — in 2026

Sigohlom — before, prior to, ahead of — before lunch

Lheueh — after, following — after work

Seulama — during — during the meeting

Sejak — since — since Monday

Seulama waktu — for — for two hours

Sampoe — until, till — until Friday

Nibak ... sampoe ... — from ... to — from Monday to Friday

Seupanjang — throughout — throughout the year

Sigohlom batas waktu — by — by Friday

Dalam batas waktu — within — within two hours

Kira-kira — around, about — around noon

Deukat ngon waktu — near — near midnight

10.7- Kata Depan untuk Sabab dan Tujuan

1. because of — Sabab

2. due to — Sabab

3. owing to — Sabab

4. on account of — Sabab

5. as a result of — Akibat nibak

6. thanks to — Sabab bantuan

7. for — Keu

8. for the sake of — Demi

9. with a view to — Ngon tujuan

10. in order to — Mangat jeuet / keu tujuan

Catatan: “in order to” biasanya diikuti oleh kata kerja, jadi lebih sering dianggap sebagai konstruksi infinitif daripada kata depan.

10.8- Aturan Penting: Kata Depan + Kata Benda / Kata Ganti / V-ing

Pola: Preposition + noun / pronoun / V-ing

Contoh:

I am in the house.

Lon na di dalam rumoh.

This gift is for him.

Peunajoh nyoe keu jih.

for him ✓

for he ✗

Seuleuh kata depan, kata ganti biasanya meulakee bentuk objek.

She is good at cooking.

Jih meuhai masak.

He left without saying goodbye.

Jih jak tanpa geupeugah salam.

10.9- Beudaa antara Kata Depan Nyang Meuhampir Sama

in — Di dalam — in the room

into — Tamong u dalam — go into the room

on — Di ateuh permukaan — on the table

onto — U ateuh permukaan — jump onto the table

at — Tempat atawa titik nyang teupat — at the station

to — U arah — go to school

by — Di bineh / ngon / sigohlom batas waktu — by the door / by car / by Friday

with — Ngon / meungguna — with him / with a knife

from — Nibak — from London

of — Hubungan atawa milik — the door of the house

for — Keu / tujuan / masa — for you / for two hours

since — Sejak titik permulaan — since Monday

during — Seulama masa — during the meeting

until — Sampoe waktu nyan — until Friday

between — Di antara dua — between John and Mary

among — Di antara rame ureung — among friends

above — Leubeh manyang nibak — above the table

over — Di ateuh / meulintas — over the bridge

below — Leubeh miyup nibak — below the line

under — Di yup — under the table

beside — Di bineh — beside me

besides — Laén nibak nyan — besides English

because of / cause of — Sabab — because of rain

despite — Meunyo pih — despite the rain

in spite of — Meunyo pih — in spite of the rain

aboard — di ateuh kapal / di dalam kapal

11- Kata Peunentu (DETERMINERS)

Kata peunentu asai

Kata peunentu Cara baca (ejaan Aceh) Makna Contoh lengkap Cara baca contoh (ejaan Aceh) Teurjemahan

a ei saboh / saboh nyang hana teunte I saw a dog. ai so e dog Lon kalon saboh asè.

an en saboh / saboh nyang hana teunte She ate an apple. syi eit en apel Jih pajoh saboh boh apel.

the dhe nyan / nyang ka teupeu I saw the dog. ai so dhe dog Lon kalon asè nyan.

this dhis nye / nyoe This book is useful. dhis buk iz yusful Buku nyoe na guna.

that dhat nyan / disinan That car is expensive. dhat kar iz ekspensiv Mobil nyan meuhai.

these dhiz nyoe (jamak) These books are new. dhiz buks ar nyu Buku-buku nyoe barô.

those dhoz nyan (jamak) Those houses are old. dhoz hausiz ar old Rumoh-rumoh nyan tuha.

2. Kata peunentu milek

Kata nyoe meuhadap bak kata benda keuneuk peugah milek.

Kata peunentu Cara baca (ejaan Aceh) Makna Contoh

my mai lon punya My book is here.

your yór gata punya Your car is outside.

his hiz jih punya (agam) His house is big.

her hér jih punya (inong) Her bag is black.

its its milek jih (barang atawa binatang) The dog moved its tail.

our auər kamoe/kita punya Our teacher is kind.

their dheir awaknyan punya Their house is beautiful.

Contoh

my book = buku lon

your car = mobil gata

his phone = telepon jih

her bag = tas jih

our house = rumoh kamoe

their children = aneuk-aneuk awaknyan

Teuma:

mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs na guna teuma hana diikuti langsung le kata benda; kata nyan geupeugah milek secara mandiri.

This book is mine.

Dhis buk iz main.

Buku nyoe milek lon.

3. Kata peunentu tunjuk

Kata peunentu Cara baca Jumlah Jarak Contoh

this dhis tunggal deukeut this book

that dhat tunggal jioh that book

these dhiz jamak deukeut these books

those dhoz jamak jioh those books

Atoran

this + singular noun

this book

dhis buk

buku nyoe

these + plural noun

these books

dhiz buks

buku-buku nyoe

that + singular noun

that car

dhat kar

mobil nyan

those + plural noun

those cars

dhoz karz

mobil-mobil nyan

4. Kata peunentu jumlah

Kata nyoe geupeuguna keu peugah jumlah atawa kuantitas kata benda.

Kata peunentu Cara baca (ejaan Aceh) Makna Contoh

some sam beberapa / na saboh dua I bought some books.

any eni apa mantong / na atawa hana Do you have any questions?

no noe hana I have no money.

much mach ban-ban nyang le (keu benda nyang hana teuhitung) I don't have much time.

many meni le (keu benda nyang jeuet teuhitung) She has many books.

little litel sikit I have little time.

a little e litel sikit, teuma na I have a little time.

few fyu sikit (keu benda nyang jeuet teuhitung) Few people came.

a few e fyu beberapa I have a few questions.

enough inof cukôp We have enough food.

more mor leubeh le I need more water.

less les leubeh sikit I need less sugar.

fewer fyuər leubeh sikit (keu benda nyang jeuet teuhitung) We need fewer chairs.

all ol mandum mandum All students passed.

both both dua-dua Both students passed.

half haf teungoh Half the class left.

most most nyang leubeh raya Most people agreed.

enough inof cukôp We have enough money.

5. Kata peunentu bilangan

Bilangan geupeuguna keu peugah barapa boh atawa barapa droe, dan geutém meuhadap bak kata benda.

Bilangan asai

Bilangan Cara baca (ejaan Aceh) Contoh

one wan one book

two tu two books

three thri three books

four for four books

five faiv five books

six siks six books

seven seven seven books

eight eit eight books

nine nain nine books

ten ten ten books

hundred hondred a hundred books

thousand thauzend a thousand books

million milyen a million people

billion bilyen a billion dollars

Bilangan jeuet geupeuguna keu peugah jumlah nyang teunte atawa nyang hana teunte.

6. Kata peunentu sebarata

Kata nyoe geupeuguna keu peugah anggota dalam saboh kelompok.

Kata peunentu Cara baca Makna Contoh

each ich tiap-tiap droe Each student has a book.

every evri tiap-tiap / mandum Every student passed.

either ai-dher salah saboh nibak dua Either answer is acceptable.

neither nai-dher hana saboh nibak dua Neither answer is correct.

Peubeda

each

Each student received a book.

Ich student risivd e buk.

Tiap-tiap murid meuteume buku saboh.

Peuneuk teubri perhatian bak saban droe sidroe-sidroe.

every

Every student received a book.

Evri student risivd e buk.

Mandum murid meuteume buku saboh.

Peuneuk teubri perhatian bak kelompok saboh seutuh jih.

7. Kata peunentu tanyong

Kata nyoe geupeuguna keu meutanyong bak kata benda.

Kata peunentu Cara baca Makna Contoh

what wot peu What book do you want?

which wich nyang na pilihan Which book do you want?

whose huz soe nyang milek Whose book is this?

what kind of wot kaind ov jenis peu What kind of car do you want?

which kind of wich kaind ov jenis nyang mana Which kind of food do you prefer?

Contoh

Which book do you want?

Wich buk du yu want?

Buku nyang mana gata meukeuneuk?

Whose car is this?

Huz kar iz dhis?

Mobil nyoe milek soe?

8. Kata peunentu laén

Kata nyoe meuhadap bak droe atawa barang nyang hana teunte.

Kata peunentu Cara baca Makna

a ei saboh nyang hana teunte

an en saboh nyang hana teunte

some sam beberapa

any eni apa mantong / na atawa hana

no noe hana

another enadher nyang laén saboh

other adher nyang laén

such sach nyang lagee nyan

9. another dan other

Kata-kata nyoe na peubeda cara peuguna.

another

another + singular countable noun

I need another book.

Ai nid enadher buk.

Lon peureulèe buku laén saboh.

other

other + plural noun

I need other books.

Ai nid adher buks.

Lon peureulèe buku-buku laén.

the other

The other book is mine.

Dhe adher buk iz main.

Buku nyang saboh laén nyan milek lon.

the other + plural

The other books are mine.

Dhe adher buks ar main.

Buku-buku laén nyan mandum milek lon.

10. Kata peunentu keu peukukoh dan peusama

such

such + a/an + adjective + singular noun

She is such a nice person.

Syii iz sach e nais person.

Jih ureung nyang get that.

Ngon kata benda jamak:

such people

sach pipel

ureung-ureung nyang lagee nyan

Ngon kata benda nyang hana teuhitung:

such good advice

sach gud edvais

nasihat nyang get that

11. Kata peunentu jumlah raya dan umum

Kata peunentu Cara baca Makna Contoh

all ol mandum all students

both both dua-dua both books

each ich tiap-tiap droe each student

every evri tiap-tiap every student

either ai-dher salah saboh nibak dua either book

neither nai-dher hana saboh nibak dua neither book

enough inof cukôp enough food

much mach ban-ban nyang le much water

many meni banyak many books

most most nyang leubeh raya most people

more mor leubeh le more time

less les leubeh sikit less water

fewer fyuər leubeh sikit fewer people

half haf teungoh half the money

plenty of plenti ov banyak that plenty of food

a lot of e lot ov banyak a lot of people

lots of lots ov banyak lots of books

12. Ungkapan jumlah nyang geupeuguna ngon kata benda

Ungkapan-ungkapan nyoe geupeuguna keu peugah jumlah kata benda.

Ungkapan Cara baca (ejaan Aceh) Makna

a lot of e lot ov banyak

lots of lots ov banyak

plenty of plenti ov banyak that / le that

a number of e number ov sejumlah

a great number of e greit number ov sejumlah raya

a large number of e larj number ov sejumlah raya

a small number of e smol number ov sejumlah sikit

a great deal of e greit dil jumlah nyang raya

a large amount of e larj emaunt ov jumlah nyang raya (benda nyang hana teuhitung)

a small amount of e smol emaunt ov jumlah nyang sikit

a majority of e mejoriti ov sebagian raya

a minority of e mainoriti ov sebagian sikit

a pair of e per ov sepasang

a couple of e kapel ov dua / beberapa

a range of e reinj ov ragam / pilihan nyang luas

a variety of e veraieti ov ragam nyang meucam-macam

a series of e siriz ov saboh rangkaian

a set of e set ov saboh set

a group of e grup ov saboh kelompok

a number of e number ov sejumlah

Contoh:

A lot of students study English.

E lot ov students stadi Inglish.

Banyak murid meurunoe Bahasa Inggréh.

13. Kata peunentu pecahan dan sebagian

Ungkapan Cara baca Makna

half haf teungoh

a half e haf saboh teungoh

quarter kworter saboh peuet

a quarter e kworter saboh peuet

third thर्ड saboh peuet dari tiga

a third e thर्ड saboh bagian dari tiga

two-thirds tu thर्डz dua bagian dari tiga

three-quarters thri kworters tiga bagian dari peuet

part of part ov bagian dari

most of most ov sebagian raya dari

some of sam ov beberapa dari

all of ol ov mandum dari

none of nan ov hana saboh pih dari

Contoh:

Half the students left.

Haf dhe students left.

Teungoh dari murid-murid nyan ka jijak.

Most of the students passed.

Most ov dhe students past.

Leubeh raya murid nyan lulus.

14. none dan neither

none

Geupeuguna ngon kelompok nyang leubeh dari dua.

None of the students came.

Nan ov dhe students keim.

neither

Geupeuguna ngon dua pilihan.

Neither student came.

Nai-dher student keim.

Hana sidroe nibak dua murid nyan nyang troh.

either

Salah saboh nibak dua:

Either student can help you.

Ai-dher student ken help yu.

Salah sidroe nibak dua murid nyan jeuet meutulong gata.

15. Kata peunentu bentuk negatif

Kata peunentu Cara baca Makna Contoh

no noe hana no money

neither nai-dher hana sidroe nibak dua neither student

no other noe adher hana nyang laén no other option

not a not e bukan saboh pih not a single person

not any not eni hana saboh pih not any books

Contoh:

No student was absent.

Noe student woz absent.

Hana sidroe murid pih nyang hana hadir.

16. Kata nyang na guna khusus, tapi hana seulalu kata peunentu murni

Sababaraha kata jeuet geupeuguna lagee kata peunentu atawa cara laén, teuma meugantung bak konteks dan cara peuguna.

Kata Cara baca Contoh peuguna

certain sərten certain people = ureung-ureung nyang teunte

certain sərten a certain person = sidroe ureung nyang teunte

particular partikyuler a particular reason = sabab nyang khusus

specific spesifik a specific case = kasus nyang teunte

given given given circumstances = keadaan nyang ka teupeu

same seim the same person = ureung nyang saban

next nekst next week = minggu ukeu

last last last year = thôn nyang ka lheuh

previous privies previous examples = contoh-contoh nyang ka lheuh

following following the following day = uroe lheuh nyan

certain sərten certain circumstances = keadaan-keadaan nyang teunte

various veries ragam-ragam various reasons = sabab-sabab nyang meucam-macam

numerous numərəs numerous examples = contoh-contoh nyang le that

countless kauntles countless possibilities = kemungkinan nyang hana jeuet teuhitung

different diferent different ideas = pikiran-pikiran nyang meubeda

same seim the same answer = jawaban nyang saban

17. Kata lagee next dan last

Kata-kata nyoe jeuet na makna nyang meubeuda meunyo geupeuguna ngon the.

next week

I will travel next week.

Ai wil travel nekst wik.

Lon keuneuk meujak keu perjalanan minggu ukeu.

the next week

Teuma the next week geupeuguna keu minggu nyang teunte, meunyo konteks jih ka jelas.

The next week was very busy.

Dhe nekst wik woz veri bizi.

Minggu nyang lheuh nyan sibuk that.

Peubeda nyang saban:

last year = thôn nyang ka lheuh

the last year = thôn nyang paléng akhé / thôn akhé

18. Kata peunentu gabongan keu peukukoh makna

Ungkapan Cara baca Makna

each and every ich end evri tiap-tiap sidroe, hana na nyang tinggai

every single evri singgel tiap-tiap sidroe

each individual ich individual tiap-tiap individu

any given eni given saboh nyang teunte atawa nyang dipileh

a certain e sərten saboh nyang teunte

one particular wan partikyuler saboh nyang khusus

the whole dhe hol mandum / seutuh jih

the entire dhe entair seutuh jih

the total dhe total jumlah mandum

Contoh:

Every single student passed.

Evri singgel student past.

Mandum murid lulus, hana sidroe pih nyang tinggai.

The entire class left.

Dhe entair klas left.

Mandum kelas ka jijak.

19. whole dan entire

Mandua-dua kata nyoe meumakna hampir saban: seutuh jih atawa mandum.

the whole + noun

I read the whole book.

Ai red dhe hol buk.

Lon baca buku nyan seutuh jih.

the entire + noun

I read the entire book.

Ai red dhe entair buk.

Lon baca buku nyan mandum.

20. Kata peunentu khusus keu milek dan kepunyaan

Ungkapan Cara baca Makna

John's Johnz milek John

Mary's Meriz milek Mary

the man's dhe manz milek ureung agam nyan

the students' dhe students milek murid-murid nyan

Contoh:

John's car is new.

Johnz kar iz nyu.

Mobil John barô.

Ungkapan John's geupeuguna keu peugah milek.

21. Urutan kata peunentu

Biasana hana jeuet geupeusambong sembarangan kata peunentu.

Contoh:

the three old books

dhe thri old buks

tiga boh buku tuha nyan

Meunyo salah:

❌ three the books

Urutan nyang biasa:

Kata peunentu asai + bilangan/jumlah + kata sifat + kata benda

Contoh:

the two beautiful houses

dhe tu byutiful hausiz

dua boh rumoh nyang ceudah nyan

22. Peu jeuet geupeuguna dua kata peunentu meusigoe?

Meunyoe, teuma hana mandum kata peunentu jeuet geupeuguna meusigoe.

❌ a the book

Hana geupeuguna:

❌ a the book

❌ this my book

Dalam Bahasa Inggréh, hana geupeuguna dua kata peunentu nyang hana cocok meusigoe.

❌ this my book

Teuma geupeuguna:

this book of mine

dhis buk ov main

buku lon nyoe

Teuma na susunan nyang jeuet geupeuguna, lagee:

all my books

ol mai buks

mandum buku lon

Susunan jih:

all + my + books

Dan:

both my parents

both mai perents

dua-dua ureung syiek lon

Dan:

half the money

haf dhe mani

teungoh dari peng nyan

23. Kata peunentu ngon kata benda nyang jeuet atawa hana jeuet teuhitung

Kata benda nyang jeuet teuhitung, bentuk tunggal

Jeuet geupeuguna:

a/an, the, this, that, my, each, every, either, neither, another

Contoh:

a book

e buk

saboh buku

this book

dhis buk

buku nyoe

every book

evri buk

tiap-tiap buku

Kata benda nyang jeuet teuhitung, bentuk jamak

Jeuet geupeuguna:

the, these, those, my, some, any, many, few, several, both, all, most, more, fewer

Contoh:

many books

meni buks

banyak buku

Kata benda nyang hana jeuet teuhitung

Jeuet geupeuguna:

the, this, that, my, some, any, much, little, a little, enough, more, less, all, most

Contoh:

much water

mach woter

ie nyang le

24. several

Several geupeuguna keu peugah jumlah nyang leubeh nibak dua, teuma hana that le.

Several students came.

Severel students keim.

Na beberapa murid nyang troh.

Makna jih kira-kira:

Beberapa, atawa leubeh nibak dua, teuma jumlah jih hana that raya.

25. certain / various / numerous

Kata Cara baca Makna Contoh

certain sərten teunte / khusus certain people

various veries meucam-macam various reasons

numerous numərəs banyak / jumlah raya numerous examples

countless kauntles hana jeuet teuhitung countless opportunities

several severel beberapa several books

different diferent meubeuda different ideas

12- Kalimat Syarat (IF CONDITIONAL)

Jenis dalam Bahasa Aceh Gata cara pembentukan Pelafalan pola bahasa Inggris Arti / fungsi

Conditional Zero If + simple present, simple present If + simple present, simple present Fakta umum atawa kebiasaan

Conditional Pertama If + simple present, will + V1 If + simple present, wil + vi wan Kemungkinan di masa nyang akan datang

Conditional Kedua If + simple past, would + V1 If + simple past, wud + vi wan Hal khayalan atawa situasi nyang hana nyata bak masa nyoe atawa masa nyang akan datang

Conditional Ketiga If + past perfect, would have + V3 If + past perfect, wud hav + vi thri Hal nyang hana teujadi atawa hana geupeubuet bak masa lalu

Mixed Conditional Pertama If + past perfect, would + V1 If + past perfect, wud + vi wan Masa lalu → masa nyoe

Mixed Conditional Kedua If + simple past, would have + V3 If + simple past, wud hav + vi thri Masa nyoe → masa lalu

Jenis Pola Pelafalan pola Contoh Pelafalan contoh Arti dalam Bahasa Aceh

Would Simple would + V1 wud + vi wan I would eat. Ai wud iit Lon akan meumakön, meunyo...

Would Continuous would be + V-ing wud bi + vi-ing I would be eating. Ai wud bi iiting Lon teungoh meumakön, meunyo...

Would Perfect would have + V3 wud hav + vi thri I would have eaten. Ai wud hav iitən Lon ka meumakön, meunyo...

Would Perfect Continuous would have been + V-ing wud hav bin + vi-ing I would have been eating. Ai wud hav bin iiting Lon ka teungoh meumakön, meunyo...

Meunakeuh Mandum Kata Ganti

Kata ganti Would + V1 Would be + V-ing Would have + V3 Would have been + V-ing

I I would eat. I would be eating. I would have eaten. I would have been eating.

You You would eat. You would be eating. You would have eaten. You would have been eating.

He He would eat. He would be eating. He would have eaten. He would have been eating.

She She would eat. She would be eating. She would have eaten. She would have been eating.

It It would eat. It would be eating. It would have eaten. It would have been eating.

We We would eat. We would be eating. We would have eaten. We would have been eating.

They They would eat. They would be eating. They would have eaten. They would have been eating.

Mandum Bentuk Would Negative – Active

Jenis Pola Pelafalan pola Contoh Pelafalan contoh Arti dalam Bahasa Aceh

Would Simple Negative would not + V1 wud not + vi wan I would not eat. Ai wud not iit Lon hana akan meumakön.

Would Continuous Negative would not be + V-ing wud not bi + vi-ing I would not be eating. Ai wud not bi iiting Lon hana akan teungoh meumakön.

Would Perfect Negative would not have + V3 wud not hav + vi thri I would not have eaten. Ai wud not hav iitən Lon hana ka meumakön.

Would Perfect Continuous Negative would not have been + V-ing wud not hav bin + vi-ing I would not have been eating. Ai wud not hav bin iiting Lon hana ka teungoh meumakön.

Mandum Kata Ganti

Kata ganti Would not + V1 Would not be + V-ing Would not have + V3 Would not have been + V-ing

I I would not eat. I would not be eating. I would not have eaten. I would not have been eating.

You You would not eat. You would not be eating. You would not have eaten. You would not have been eating.

He He would not eat. He would not be eating. He would not have eaten. He would not have been eating.

She She would not eat. She would not be eating. She would not have eaten. She would not have been eating.

It It would not eat. It would not be eating. It would not have eaten. It would not have been eating.

We We would not eat. We would not be eating. We would not have eaten. We would not have been eating.

They They would not eat. They would not be eating. They would not have eaten. They would not have been eating.

Singkatan

Bentuk lengkap Bentuk singkat Pelafalan

would not + V1 wouldn't + V1 wudənt + vi wan

would not be + V-ing wouldn't be + V-ing wudənt bi + vi-ing

would not have + V3 wouldn't have + V3 wudənt hav + vi thri

would not have been + V-ing wouldn't have been + V-ing wudənt hav bin + vi-ing

Mandum Bentuk Would Passive

Jenis Pola Pelafalan pola Contoh Pelafalan contoh Arti dalam Bahasa Aceh

Simple would be + V3 wud bi + vi thri The book would be read. De buk wud bi red Buku nyan akan geubaca.

Continuous would be being + V3 wud bi biiing + vi thri The book would be being read. De buk wud bi biiing red Buku nyan akan teungoh geubaca.

Perfect would have been + V3 wud hav bin + vi thri The book would have been read. De buk wud hav bin red Buku nyan ka akan geubaca.

Perfect Continuous would have been being + V3 wud hav bin biiing + vi thri The book would have been being read. De buk wud hav bin biiing red Buku nyan ka akan teungoh geubaca.

Meunakeuh Mandum Kata Ganti

Kata ganti Would Passive Simple Would Passive Continuous Would Passive Perfect Would Passive Perfect Continuous

I I would be seen. I would be being seen. I would have been seen. I would have been being seen.

You You would be seen. You would be being seen. You would have been seen. You would have been being seen.

He He would be seen. He would be being seen. He would have been seen. He would have been being seen.

She She would be seen. She would be being seen. She would have been seen. She would have been being seen.

It It would be seen. It would be being seen. It would have been seen. It would have been being seen.

We We would be seen. We would be being seen. We would have been seen. We would have been being seen.

They They would be seen. They would be being seen. They would have been seen. They would have been being seen.

Bentuk Negatif — Would Passive Negative

Jenis Pola Contoh Pelafalan contoh Arti dalam Bahasa Aceh

Simple would not be + V3 The book would not be read. De buk wud not bi red Buku nyan hana akan geubaca.

Continuous would not be being + V3 The book would not be being read. De buk wud not bi biiing red Buku nyan hana akan teungoh geubaca.

Perfect would not have been + V3 The book would not have been read. De buk wud not hav bin red Buku nyan hana ka geubaca.

Perfect Continuous would not have been being + V3 The book would not have been being read. De buk wud not hav bin biiing red Buku nyan hana ka teungoh geubaca.

Kata-kata Dasar untuk Kalimat Syarat

Kata / Ungkapan Pelafalan bahasa Inggris Arti dalam Bahasa Aceh Penggunaan

if if Jika / meunyo Penanda syarat dasar

if not if not Meunyo hana Syarat negatif

unless anles Kecuali meunyo hana Hampir sama makna ngon if...not

when wen Watee / meunyo Untuk syarat nyang diperkirakan atawa berulang

whenever>wenever Tiep-tiep watee Untuk syarat nyang berulang

even if iiven if Meunyo pih Syarat nyang hana mengubah hasil

only if ounli if Cuma meunyo Syarat nyang wajib

if and only if if and ounli if Meunyo dan cuma meunyo Syarat nyang wajib dan cukup

as long as az long az Asai / meunyo Syarat

so long as sou long az Asai / meunyo Sama makna ngon as long as

provided that provaided that Asai bahwa Syarat resmi

providing that provaiding that Asai bahwa Syarat

on condition that on kondishen that Ngon syarat bahwa Syarat resmi

in case in keis Meunyo teujadi / untuk jaga-jaga Untuk persiapan atawa kemungkinan

in the event that in de ivent that Meunyo teujadi Syarat resmi

assuming that asuming that Meunyo geuanggap bahwa Anggapan

supposing that supousing that Meunyo geuanggap bahwa Anggapan

suppose supouz Anggaplah / peu meunyo Pengenalan situasi khayalan

what if wat if Peu meunyo Pertanyaan tentang kemungkinan

if only if ounli Meunyo mantong / andai saja Untuk harapan atawa penyesalan

even though iiven dou Meunyo pih / walaupun Pertentangan, bukon syarat

whether weder Apakah Pilihan atawa kemungkinan

when wen Watee

only when ounli wen Cuma watee

13- Perbandingan dan Tingkat Paling (COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE)

Perbandingan pendek adjective + -er + than Adjektif + er + den taller than toler den

Tingkat paling pendek the + adjective + -est De + adjektif + ist the tallest de tolist

Perbandingan panjang more + adjective + than mor + adjektif + den more beautiful than mor biutiful den

Tingkat paling panjang the most + adjective de moust + adjektif the most beautiful de moust biutiful

Perbandingan kurang less + adjective + than les + adjektif + den less expensive than les ikspensiv den

Tingkat paling kurang the least + adjective de liist + adjektif the least expensive de liist ikspensiv

Sama tinggi as + adjective + as az + adjektif + az as tall as az tol az

Tidak sama tinggi not as + adjective + as not az + adjektif + az not as tall as not az tol az

Perbandingan setara adjective + as az + adjektif tall as tol az

Tidak setara not + adjective + as not + adjektif + az not tall as not tol az

Perbandingan kuat much/far/a lot + comparative mach/far/a lot + komparatif much better mach beter

Perbandingan sedikit a little/slightly + comparative a litel/slaitli + komparatif slightly better slaitli beter

Semakin bertambah comparative + and + comparative Komparatif + and + komparatif bigger and bigger biger and biger

Semakin..., semakin... the + comparative, the + comparative de + komparatif, de + komparatif the more, the better de mor, de beter

Paling baik dalam kelompok the + superlative + in/of de + superlatif + in/of the best in the class de best in de klas

Salah satu yang terbaik one of the + superlative + plural noun wan ov de + superlatif + kata benda jamak one of the best students wan ov de best students

Paling unggul jauh by far + the + superlative bai far + de + superlatif by far the best bai far de best

Perbandingan kata kerja verb + more/less Verb + mor/les work more werk mor

Perbandingan kata benda terhitung more/fewer + plural noun mor/fiuər + kata benda jamak more books / fewer books mor buks / fiuər buks

Perbandingan kata benda tak terhitung more/less + uncountable noun mor/les + kata benda tak terhitung more water / less water mor woter / les woter

Perbandingan uang more/less + noun mor/les + kata benda more money mor mani

Perbandingan jumlah orang more/fewer + plural noun mor/fiuər + kata benda jamak more people mor pipel

Dua kali lipat uang twice as much as twais az mach az twice as much money twais az mach mani

Dua kali lipat jumlah twice as many as twais az meni az twice as many books twais az meni buks

I am as tall as him Ai am az tol az him Lon sama manyang ngon jih.

Kapan memakai -er dan kapan memakai more?

Aturan dasar

Situasi Penggunaan Contoh Pelafalan Arti dalam Bahasa Aceh

Adjektif pendek, biasanya satu suku kata -er taller toler leubeh manyang

Adjektif pendek, biasanya satu suku kata -er smaller smoler leubeh ubit

Adjektif yang berakhir dengan -y -er, ubah y menjadi i happier hapier leubeh seunang

Adjektif yang berakhir dengan -e -r larger larjer leubeh rayeuk

Adjektif panjang, biasanya dua suku kata atau lebih more more beautiful mor biutiful leubeh ceudah

Adjektif panjang more more expensive mor ikspensiv leubeh meuhai

Adjektif panjang more more interesting mor interesting leubeh meunarek

15- Klausa Relatif (RELATIVE CLAUSES)

Jenis Penghubung / pola umum Pelafalan pola Contoh Pelafalan contoh Terjemahan Bahasa Aceh

Klausa relatif pembatas who / whom / whose / which / that / where / when / why hu / hum / huz / wich / det / wer / wen / wai The man who lives here is my teacher. De man hu livz hir iz mai ticher Ureueng agam nyang tinggai di sinoe adalah guree lon.

Klausa relatif tidak membatasi who / whom / whose / which / where / when hu / hum / huz / wich / wer / wen My brother, who lives in London, is a doctor. Mai brader, hu livz in London, iz a dokter Adun lon, nyang tinggai di London, na dokter.

Klausa relatif sebagai subjek who/which/that + verb hu/wich/det + verb The woman who works here is friendly. De wuman hu werks hir iz frendli Inong nyang meukerja di sinoe ramah.

Klausa relatif sebagai objek who/whom/which/that + subject + verb hu/hum/wich/det + de sabjek + de verb The man whom I met was kind. De man hum ai met woz kaind Ureueng agam nyang lon temui nyan baik hate.

Klausa relatif dengan kata ganti yang dihilangkan noun + subject + verb de noun + de sabjek + de verb The book I bought is interesting. De buk ai bot iz interesting Buku nyang lon bloe nyan meunarek.

Klausa relatif kepemilikan whose + noun huz + de noun The girl whose father is a doctor is my friend. De gerl huz father iz a dokter iz mai frend Gadis nyang ayah jih dokter nyan rakan lon.

Klausa relatif tempat where + clause wer + de klos This is the house where I grew up. Dis iz de haus wer ai gru ap Nyoe rumoh tempat lon dibesarkan.

Klausa relatif waktu when + clause wen + de klos I remember the day when we met. Ai rimember de dei wen wi met Lon ingat uroe watee geutanyoe meurumpok.

Klausa relatif alasan why + clause wai + de klos I know the reason why he left. Ai nou de rizon wai hi left Lon teupue sabab jih jak.

Klausa relatif dengan preposisi preposition + whom/which de preposisi + hum/wich The person to whom I spoke was helpful. De person tu hum ai spouk woz helpful Ureueng nyang lon peugah haba ngon jih nyan geubantu lon.

Klausa relatif ringkas V-ing noun + V-ing de noun + vi-ing The man standing there is my brother. De man standing der iz mai brader Ureueng agam nyang dong di sinan nyan adun lon.

Klausa relatif ringkas V3 noun + V3 de noun + vi thri The documents signed yesterday are important. De documents saind yesterdei ar important Dokumen nyang ditandatangan uroe kaleuh nyan penting.

Klausa relatif infinitif noun + to + V1 de noun + tu + vi wan She was the first person to arrive. Shi woz de ferst person tu araiv Jih ureueng pertama nyang troh.

Klausa relatif gabungan whoever / whatever / whichever / wherever / whenever / however hu-ever / wat-ever / wich-ever / wer-ever / wen-ever / hau-ever Take whatever you want. Teik wat-ever yu want Ambil peu mantong nyang gata keuneuk.

Klausa relatif yang merujuk ke seluruh kalimat , which + clause wich + de klos He missed the bus, which made him late. Hi mist de bas, wich meid him leit Jih ketinggalan bas, nyang meupake jih teulambat.

Klausa relatif nominal what / whatever / whoever / whichever wat / wat-ever / hu-ever / wich-ever I know what you mean. Ai nou wat yu miin Lon teupue peu nyang gata maksud.

Klausa relatif bertingkat relative clause inside another relative clause relatif klos in-said relatif klos The man who lives in the house that I bought is my neighbor. De man hu livz in de haus det ai bot iz mai neibor Ureueng agam nyang tinggai di rumoh nyang lon bloe nyan tetangga lon.

16- Ucapan Tidak Langsung dan Ucapan Langsung (REPORTED SPEECH AND DIRECT SPEECH)

Jenis Pola Pelafalan pola Ucapan langsung Ucapan tidak langsung Terjemahan Bahasa Aceh

Pernyataan positif said (that) + clause sed (det) + de klos He said, “I am tired.” He said (that) he was tired. Jih meugah that jih capek.

Pernyataan negatif said (that) + subject + not + verb sed (det) + de sabjek + not + de verb He said, “I am not tired.” He said that he was not tired. Jih meugah bahwa jih hana capek.

Pertanyaan ya/tidak asked if/whether + clause askt if/weder + de klos He asked, “Are you ready?” He asked if I was ready. Jih meutanyoë peu lon ka siap.

Pertanyaan dengan kata tanya asked + question word + clause askt + kwestshen werd + de klos He asked, “Where do you live?” He asked where I lived. Jih meutanyoë di pat lon tinggai.

Perintah positif told + object + to + V1 tould + de objek + tu + vi wan He said, “Open the door.” He told me to open the door. Jih meunyuruh lon buka pintu.

Perintah negatif told + object + not to + V1 tould + de objek + not tu + vi wan He said, “Do not open the door.” He told me not to open the door. Jih meunyuruh lon beu hana buka pintu.

Permintaan asked + object + to + V1 askt + de objek + tu + vi wan She said, “Please help me.” She asked me to help her. Jih meuminta lon bantu jih.

Permintaan negatif asked + object + not to + V1 askt + de objek + not tu + vi wan She said, “Please don't leave.” She asked me not to leave. Jih meuminta lon beu hana jak.

Nasihat advised + object + to + V1 advaizd + de objek + tu + vi wan He said, “Study harder.” He advised me to study harder. Jih meunasihati lon mangat leubeh rajin meurunoe.

Nasihat negatif advised + object + not to + V1 advaizd + de objek + not tu + vi wan He said, “Don't drive fast.” He advised me not to drive fast. Jih meunasihati lon beu hana meulaju that.

Saranan suggested + V-ing sajested + vi-ing He said, “Let's go.” He suggested going. Jih meunyaran keuneuk jak.

Saranan dengan that suggested that + subject + should + V1 sajested det + de sabjek + shud + vi wan He said, “Let's go.” He suggested that we should go. Jih meunyaran mangat geutanyoe jak.

Janji promised + to + V1 promist + tu + vi wan He said, “I will help you.” He promised to help me. Jih meujanji keuneuk bantu lon.

Penolakan refused + to + V1 refyuzd + tu + vi wan He said, “I won't go.” He refused to go. Jih teutolak keuneuk jak.

Tawaran offered + to + V1 oferd + tu + vi wan He said, “I will help you.” He offered to help me. Jih meunawari keuneuk bantu lon.

Peringatan warned + object + to + V1 warnd + de objek + tu + vi wan He said, “Be careful.” He warned me to be careful. Jih meuingatkan lon mangat beu hati-hati.

Peringatan negatif warned + object + not to + V1 warnd + de objek + not tu + vi wan He said, “Don't touch it.” He warned me not to touch it. Jih meuingatkan lon beu hana peugah atawa peugang barang nyan.

Permintaan maaf apologized for + V-ing apolajaizd for + vi-ing He said, “I'm sorry I lied.” He apologized for lying. Jih meuminta maaf sabab ka meudusta.

Pengakuan admitted + V-ing admitid + vi-ing He said, “I broke it.” He admitted breaking it. Jih meungaku bahwa jih ka peucah barang nyan.

Penyangkalan denied + V-ing dinaid + vi-ing He said, “I didn't break it.” He denied breaking it. Jih meungkal bahwa jih peucah barang nyan.

Tuduhan accused + object + of + V-ing akyuzd + de objek + ov + vi-ing He said, “You stole it.” He accused me of stealing it. Jih meutuduh lon ka meucuri barang nyan.

Menyalahkan blamed + object + for + V-ing bleimd + de objek + for + vi-ing He said, “You caused the problem.” He blamed me for causing the problem. Jih meunyalahkan lon sabab masalah nyan.

Ucapan selamat congratulated + object + on + V-ing/noun kongratjuleitid + de objek + on + vi-ing/noun He said, “Congratulations!” He congratulated me on winning. Jih meucapkan selamat bak lon sabab ka menang.

Perubahan Zaman dalam Reported Speech

Watee ucapan langsung geupeugah lom dalam ucapan tidak langsung, zaman verb biasana berubah ke bentuk lampau (backshift).

Ucapan langsung Ucapan tidak langsung Pelafalan bentuk tidak langsung

Present Simple Past Simple past simple

Present Continuous Past Continuous past continuous

Present Perfect Past Perfect past perfect

Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous past perfect continuous

Past Simple Past Perfect past perfect

Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous past perfect continuous

Past Perfect Past Perfect past perfect

will + V1 would + V1 wud + vi wan

will be + V-ing would be + V-ing wud bi + vi-ing

will have + V3 would have + V3 wud hav + vi thri

can + V1 could + V1 kud + vi wan

may + V1 might + V1 mait + vi wan

must + V1 had to + V1 had tu + vi wan

3. Contoh Perubahan Backshift

Ucapan langsung Ucapan tidak langsung Terjemahan

He said, “I work here.” He said that he worked there. Jih meugah bahwa jih meukerja di sinan.

He said, “I am working.” He said that he was working. Jih meugah bahwa jih teungoh meukerja.

He said, “I have finished.” He said that he had finished. Jih meugah bahwa jih ka seuleusai.

He said, “I finished.” He said that he had finished. Jih meugah bahwa jih ka seuleusai.

He said, “I was sleeping.” He said that he had been sleeping. Jih meugah bahwa jih ka teungoh meuteungeut.

He said, “I will come.” He said that he would come. Jih meugah bahwa jih akan troh.

He said, “I can swim.” He said that he could swim. Jih meugah bahwa jih jeuet meulanggai.

He said, “I may come.” He said that he might come. Jih meugah bahwa jih mungkin akan troh.

4. Perubahan Kata Ganti

Ucapan langsung Ucapan tidak langsung

I he / she

me him / her

my his / her

mine his / hers

we they

us them

our their

ours theirs

you I / we / he / she / they, meunurot konteks

your my / our / his / her / their, meunurot konteks

Contoh:

Direct: She said, “I love my house.”

Reported: She said that she loved her house.

Pelafalan: Shi sed det shi lavd her haus.

Terjemahan: Jih meugah bahwa jih sayang keu rumoh jih.

5. Perubahan Kata Watee dan Teumpat

Ucapan langsung Ucapan tidak langsung

now then

today that day

tonight that night

yesterday the day before / the previous day

tomorrow the next day / the following day

last week the previous week

next week the following week

ago before

here there

this that

these those

17- Infinitif dan Kata Benda Verbal (INFINITIVES AND VERBAL NOUNS)

Jenis Istilah bahasa Inggris Pelafalan istilah Pola Pelafalan pola Arti / penggunaan

Infinitif ngon to to-infinitive tu-infinitiv to + V1 tu + vi wan Untuk menyatakan tujuan atawa tindakan

Infinitif tanpa to bare infinitive ber infinitiv V1 vi wan Bentuk dasar verb tanpa to

Bentuk -ing sebagai kata benda gerund jerend V-ing vi-ing Tindakan atawa kegiatan sebagai kata benda

Infinitif sempurna perfect infinitive perfek infinitiv to have + V3 tu hav + vi thri Tindakan nyang ka seulesei

Infinitif berkelanjutan continuous infinitive kontinyuəs infinitiv to be + V-ing tu bi + vi-ing Tindakan nyang teungoh berlangsung

Infinitif sempurna berkelanjutan perfect continuous infinitive perfek kontinyuəs infinitiv to have been + V-ing tu hav bin + vi-ing Tindakan nyang ka berlangsung dalam suatu waktu

Infinitif pasif passive infinitive pasiv infinitiv to be + V3 tu bi + vi thri Tindakan nyang dilakukan keu subjek

Infinitif pasif sempurna perfect passive infinitive perfek pasiv infinitiv to have been + V3 tu hav bin + vi thri Tindakan nyang ka dilakukan keu subjek

# Jenis Pola Pelafalan pola Contoh Pelafalan contoh Terjemahan

1 Adjective + V-ing Subject + be + adjective + V-ing + object de sabjek + bi + adjektif + vi-ing + objek I am happy seeing you. Ai am hepi siing yu Lon seunang watee meulihat gata.

2 Adjective + to-infinitive Subject + be + adjective + to + V1 + object de sabjek + bi + adjektif + tu + vi wan + objek I am happy to see you. Ai am hepi tu sii yu Lon seunang sabab jeuet meulihat gata.

3 Verb + to-infinitive Subject + plan + to + V1 de sabjek + plen + tu + vi wan I plan to eat. Ai plen tu iit Lon meureuncana keuneuk meumakön.

4 Verb + V-ing Subject + plan + V-ing de sabjek + plen + vi-ing I plan eating. Ai plen iiting Lon meureuncana meumakön, teuma pola nyoe hana teulalu alami dalam Bahasa Inggris.

5 Perception verb + object + V1 Subject + see + object + V1 de sabjek + sii + objek + vi wan I see him run. Ai sii him ran Lon meulihat jih lari.

6 Perception verb + object + V-ing Subject + see + object + V-ing de sabjek + sii + objek + vi-ing I see him running. Ai sii him raning Lon meulihat jih teungoh lari.

7 Purpose + to-infinitive Verb + subject + to + V1 de verb + de sabjek + tu + vi wan I eat to play. Ai iit tu plei Lon meumakön mangat jeuet meuen.

8 Purpose + in order to Verb + subject + in order to + V1 de verb + de sabjek + in order tu + vi wan I eat in order to play. Ai iit in order tu plei Lon meumakön mangat jeuet meuen.

18- Subjungtif (SUBJUNCTIVE)

Jenis Pola Pelafalan pola Contoh Pelafalan contoh Terjemahan

1 Present Subjunctive Subject + that + V1 de sabjek + det + vi wan I suggest that he go. Ai sajest det hi gou Lon meunyaran mangat jih jak.

2 Negative Present Subjunctive Subject + that + not + V1 de sabjek + det + not + vi wan I suggest that he not go. Ai sajest det hi not gou Lon meunyaran mangat jih hana jak.

3 Be Subjunctive Subject + that + be + adjective/noun de sabjek + det + bi + adjektif/noun It is important that he be ready. It iz important det hi bi redi Penting bahwa jih beu siap.

4 After demand/recommendation Subject + that + subject + V1 de sabjek + det + de sabjek + vi wan They demanded that she leave. Dhei dimandid det shi liiv Awaknyan meuminta mangat jih jak.

5 After insist Subject + that + subject + V1 de sabjek + det + de sabjek + vi wan I insist that he stay. Ai insist det hi stei Lon teutab meukeuneuk mangat jih tinggai.

6 After require Subject + that + subject + V1 de sabjek + det + de sabjek + vi wan The law requires that everyone be present. De lo rikwaier det evriwan bi prezent Hukum mewajibkan mandum ureung na di sinan.

7 Were Subjunctive If + subject + were +... if + de sabjek + wer +... If I were you, I would wait. If ai wer yu, ai wud weit Meunyo lon na bak teumpat gata, lon akan meununggu.

8 Wish + were Subject + wish + subject + were +... de sabjek + wish + de sabjek + wer +... I wish I were taller. Ai wish ai wer toler Lon meuharap lon leubeh manyang.

9 Formal hypothetical inversion Were + subject +... wer + de sabjek +... Were I you, I would wait. Wer ai yu, ai wud weit Meunyo lon na bak teumpat gata, lon akan meununggu.

10 Fixed/formal expression God/Heaven + V1 God/heven + vi wan God save the King. God seiv de king Semoga Tuhan peulindong Raja.

19- Pertanyaan Tag (TAG QUESTIONS)

Jenis Pola Pelafalan pola bahasa Inggris Contoh lengkap Pelafalan contoh Terjemahan Bahasa Aceh

Tag Question — Positif Kalimat positif + auxiliary negatif + subjek? kalimat positif + auxiliary negatif + de sabjek? You are ready, aren't you? Yu ar redi, arnt yu? Gata ka siap, beutoi hana?

Tag Question — Negatif Kalimat negatif + auxiliary positif + subjek? kalimat negatif + auxiliary positif + de sabjek? You aren't ready, are you? Yu arnt redi, ar yu? Gata goh siap, beutoi?

Present Simple Kalimat + don't/doesn't + subjek? kalimat + dont/duzənt + de sabjek? She works here, doesn't she? Shi werks hir, duzənt shi? Jih meukerja di sinoe, beutoi hana?

Past Simple Kalimat + didn't/did + subjek? kalimat + didnt/did + de sabjek? You saw him, didn't you? Yu so him, didnt yu? Gata ka meulihat jih, beutoi hana?

Be Kalimat + isn't/aren't/wasn't/weren't + subjek? kalimat + izənt/arənt/wozənt/wərənt + de sabjek? He is here, isn't he? Hi iz hir, izənt hi? Jih na di sinoe, beutoi hana?

Present Continuous Kalimat + isn't/aren't + subjek? kalimat + izənt/arənt + de sabjek? She is working, isn't she? Shi iz werking, izənt shi? Jih teungoh meukerja, beutoi hana?

Present Perfect Kalimat + hasn't/haven't + subjek? kalimat + hazənt/havənt + de sabjek? They have finished, haven't they? Dhei hav finisth, havənt dhei? Awaknyan ka seuleusai, beutoi hana?

Past Perfect Kalimat + hadn't + subjek? kalimat + hadənt + de sabjek? He had left, hadn't he? Hi had left, hadənt hi? Jih ka jak, beutoi hana?

Future — will Kalimat + won't + subjek? kalimat + wont + de sabjek? You will come, won't you? Yu wil kam, wont yu? Gata akan troh, beutoi hana?

Modal Kalimat + modal negatif + subjek? kalimat + modal negatif + de sabjek? He can swim, can't he? Hi ken swim, kent hi? Jih jeuet meulanggai, beutoi hana?

Let's Let's + V1, shall we? let's + vi wan, shal wi? Let's go, shall we? Lets gou, shal wi? Mangat geutanyoe jak, beutoi?

Imperative V1 + will you? vi wan + wil yu? Open the door, will you? Oupen de dor, wil yu? Buka pintu nyan, jeuet?

Negative Question — Present Simple Don't/Doesn't + subject + V1? dont/duzənt + de sabjek + vi wan? Don't you like coffee? Dont yu laik kofi? Gata hana galak kopi?

Negative Question — Past Simple Didn't + subject + V1? didnt + de sabjek + vi wan? Didn't you see him? Didnt yu sii him? Gata hana meulihat jih?

Negative Question — Be Isn't/Aren't/Wasn't/Weren't + subject...? izənt/arənt/wozənt/wərənt + de sabjek? Isn't he ready? Izənt hi redi? Jih hana siap?

Negative Question — Continuous Isn't/Aren't + subject + V-ing? izənt/arənt + de sabjek + vi-ing? Isn't she working? Izənt shi werking? Jih hana teungoh meukerja?

Negative Question — Perfect Haven't/Hasn't + subject + V3? havənt/hazənt + de sabjek + vi thri? Haven't you finished? Havənt yu finisth? Gata goh seuleusai?

Negative Question — Future Won't + subject + V1? wont + de sabjek + vi wan? Won't you come with us? Wont yu kam with as? Gata hana jak meusajan geutanyoe?

Negative Question — Modal Modal negative + subject + V1? modal negatif + de sabjek + vi wan? Can't you help me? Kent yu help mi? Gata hana jeuet bantu lon?

Full Negative Question Auxiliary + subject + not + V1...? auxiliary + de sabjek + not + vi wan? Do you not know? Du yu not nou? Gata hana teupue?

I am — Tag I am +..., aren't I? Ai am +..., arnt ai? I am right, aren't I? Ai am rait, arnt ai? Lon beutoi, beutoi hana?

Aturan Dasar

Aturan Contoh

Kalimat positif → tag negatif You like it, don't you?

Kalimat negatif → tag positif You don't like it, do you?

Negative Question = pertanyaan negatif Don't you like it?

Tag Question = kalimat + pertanyaan singkat di akhir You like it, don't you?

Meunyo na auxiliary dalam kalimat, pake auxiliary nyan dalam tag She is working, isn't she?

Meunyo hana auxiliary dalam Present/Past Simple, pake do/does/did He works, doesn't he?

Dalam Negative Question, pake V1 setelah do/does/did Didn't you go? Bukon ❌ Didn't you went?

Jawaban Yes/No teutab meunurot fakta Don't you like coffee? → Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

20- Kata Modal (Kata Bantu Modal)

Modal Kheunoe cara baca (fonetik) Keuneuk makna Contoh Cara baca contoh Makna dalam Bahasa Aceh

can kan bisa / jeuet Lon can swim. ai kan swim. Lon jeuet meulangeu.

could kud bisa / jeut bak masa lalu Lon could swim when I was five. ai kud swim wen ai woz faiv. Lon jeuet meulangeu watee umu lon limong thon.

may mei mungkin It may rain. it mei rein. Mungkin ujeun.

might mait mungkin It might rain. it mait rein. Mungkin ujeun.

must mast harus Gata must leave. yu mast liiv. Gata haroih jak.

shall shal akan / patot / keuh? Shall we go? shal wi gou? Peue tanyoe jak?

should shud sebaik jih / patot Gata should rest. yu shud rest. Gata patot meupiyoh.

will wil akan Lon will help you. ai wil help yu. Lon keuneuk tulong gata.

would wud akan dalam keadaan tertentu / sopan Lon would help you. ai wud help yu. Lon akan tulong gata / Lon tulong gata meunyo...

ought to ot tu sebaik jih Gata ought to study. yu ot tu stadi. Gata sebaik jih meurunoe.

Atoran

Modal utama biasane diikuti le V1:

modal + V1

Contoh:

She can speak English.

shi kan spiik ingglish.

Jih jeuet meututoe Bahasa Inggréh.

Hana betoi:

❌ She can speaks.

2. Fungsi Modal

Fungsi Modal words / expressions Makna

Ability — Kamampuan can, could, be able to bisa / jeuet

Possibility — Kemungkinan can, could, may, might, might possibly mungkin / jeuet mantong

Permission — Izin can, could, may, might buleh / jeuet

Request — Permintaan can, could, will, would, may Peue gata jeuet...? / tolong...

Advice — Nasihat should, ought to, had better sebaik jih / patot

Obligation — Kewajiban must, have to, have got to, need to harus / wajib

Necessity — Keperluan must, have to, need to harus / perlu

Prohibition — Larangan must not, cannot/can't, may not han jeuet / dilarang

Expectation — Harapan should, ought to, be supposed to seharus jih / diharep

Prediction — Perkiraan will, shall, should, ought to akan / diperkirakan

Willingness — Kesediaan will, would sedia / meupeugah sanggup

Refusal — Penolakan will not, won't, would not, wouldn't hana meu / menolak

Habit — Kebiasaan would, will biasana / sering

Hypothetical — Andaian would, could, might akan meunyo / jeuet meunyo

Deduction — Kesimpulan must, can't, couldn't, may, might pasti / hana mungkin / mungkin

Regret — Penyesalan should have, ought to have, could have, would have seharus jih ka / sepatot jih ka

Past possibility may have, might have, could have mungkin ka teujadi

Past deduction must have, can't have, couldn't have pasti ka / hana mungkin ka

3. Semi-Modals — Kata Modal Seumeuneu

Kata-kata nyoe kon modal utama, teuma fungsi jih meunan cit lagee modal.

Modal expression Cara baca (fonetik) Makna Contoh Cara baca contoh Makna dalam Bahasa Aceh

have to hav tu harus Lon have to go. ai hav tu gou. Lon haroih jak.

has to haz tu harus Jih has to work. shi haz tu werk. Jih haroih meukeureuja.

had to had tu harus bak masa lalu Lon had to leave. ai had tu liiv. Lon haroih jak.

have got to hav gat tu harus Lon have got to go. ai hav gat tu gou. Lon haroih jak.

has got to haz gat tu harus Jih has got to leave. hi haz gat tu liiv. Jih haroih jak.

had better had beter sebaik jih Gata had better go. yu had beter gou. Leubeh get gata jak.

be able to bi eibel tu mampu Jih is able to swim. shi iz eibel tu swim. Jih jeuet meulangeu.

be unable to bi aneibel tu hana mampu Jih is unable to walk. hi iz aneibel tu wok. Jih hana jeuet meujak.

be allowed to bi elaud tu dibulehkeun Kamoe are allowed to leave. wi ar elaud tu liiv. Kamoe dibulehkeun jak.

be permitted to bi permitid tu dibulehkeun Gata are permitted to enter. yu ar permitid tu enter. Gata dibulehkeun tamong.

be supposed to bi sepozd tu seharus jih Gata are supposed to wait. yu ar sepozd tu weit. Gata seharus jih meunanti.

be required to bi rikwaird tu diwajibkan Gata are required to sign. yu ar rikwaird tu sain. Gata wajib meutandatangan.

be expected to bi ikspektid tu diharep They are expected to arrive. dhei ar ikspektid tu eraiv. Awaknyan diharep troh.

be willing to bi wiling tu sedia Lon am willing to help. ai am wiling tu help. Lon sedia tulong.

be unwilling to bi an-wiling tu hana sedia Jih is unwilling to cooperate. hi iz an-wiling tu kou-operet. Jih hana sedia meukerjasama.

be likely to bi laikli tu mungkin Jih is likely to win. shi iz laikli tu win. Jih mungkin meunang.

be unlikely to bi anlaikli tu hana meumungkin Jih is unlikely to come. hi iz anlaikli tu kam. Jih hana meumungkin teuka.

4. Need — Lagee Modal

Need na jeuet geupeuguna dua cara.

Modal need

Need I go?

niid ai gou?

Peue lon haroih jak?

You needn't worry.

yu niidnt wori.

Gata hana perlu khawatir.

Main verb need

I need to go.

ai niid tu gou.

Lon perlu jak.

Bentuk Makna

need niid perlu / butuh

needn't niidnt hana perlu

need to niid tu perlu keuneuk

don't need to dount niid tu hana perlu keuneuk

didn't need to didnt niid tu hana perlu bak masa lalu

5. Dare — Lagee Modal

Dare na geupeuguna keu peugah kamampuan atawa keberanian keu meulakèe sidroe.

Dare I ask?

der ai ask?

Peue jeuet lon tanyong?

How dare you!

hau der yu!

Pakriban gata berani!

Bentuk Cara baca Makna

dare der berani

daren't dernt hana berani

dare not der not hana berani

don't dare dount der hana berani

6. Used to — Kebiasaan Bak Masa Lalu

Used to kon modal utama, teuma konstruksi nyoe geupeuguna keu kebiasaan atawa keadaan bak masa lalu.

I used to live there.

ai yust tu liv dher.

Dulu lon tinggai di sinan.

Makna:

used to + V1

= Kebiasaan atawa keadaan nyang na bak masa lalu, teuma hana le geupeuguna bak masa nyoe.

7. Be going to

Geupeuguna keu peugah rencana masa ukeu atawa perkiraan nyang na alasan.

I am going to study.

ai am gouing tu stadi.

Lon keuneuk meurunoe.

It is going to rain.

it iz gouing tu rein.

Ujeun ka meukeuneuk teujadi.

8. Modal Expressions keu Kemungkinan

Ungkapan nyoe kon modal verb, teuma geupeuguna keu peugah kemungkinan atawa kepastian.

Ungkapan Cara baca (fonetik) Makna

perhaps perhaps mungkin

maybe meibi mungkin

possibly posibli mungkin / jeuet mantong

probably probabli kemungkinan besar

likely laikli mungkin

unlikely anlaikli hana meumungkin

certainly sertanli pasti

definitely definitli pasti

surely shurli pasti / yakin

apparently apparentli kelihatannya

presumably prizumabli kemungkinan / diasumsikan

conceivably konseivabli secara teori mungkin

arguably argyuabli dapat diperdebatkan

necessarily neseserili secara perlu / wajib

not necessarily not neseserili hana mesti

Contoh:

She will probably come.

shi wil probabli kam.

Jih mungkin teuka.

9. Expressions of Necessity — Ungkapan Keperluan

Ungkapan Cara baca Makna

must mast harus

have to hav tu harus

have got to hav gat tu harus

need to niid tu perlu / harus

be required to bi rikwaird tu dimeununtut / diwajibkan

be obliged to bi oblaijd tu diwajibkan

be compelled to bi kompeild tu dipaksa

be forced to bi forst tu dipaksa

be necessary to bi neseseri tu perlu keu

be essential to bi isenshal tu sangat perlu keu

10. Expressions of Advice — Ungkapan Nasihat

Ungkapan Cara baca Makna

should shud sebaik jih

ought to ot tu sebaik jih

had better had beter leubeh get

might want to mait wont tu mungkin gata meuhajat / sebaik jih

could kud jeuet / mungkin leubeh get

be advised to bi advaizd tu dinasihatkan keu

it would be wise to it wud bi waiz tu sebaik jih

it would be better to it wud bi beter tu leubeh get keu

Contoh:

You might want to check again.

yu mait wont tu chek agen.

Mungkin leubeh get gata cek lom.

11. Expressions of Permission — Izin

Ungkapan Cara baca Makna

can kan buleh

could kud peue jeuet

may mei buleh / diizinkan

might mait peue jeuet, tapi leubeh sopan atawa formal

be allowed to bi elaud tu dibulehkeun

be permitted to bi permitid tu dibulehkeun

be authorized to bi othoraizd tu geubri wewenang keu

be entitled to bi entaitld tu na hak keu

12. Expressions of Ability — Kamampuan

Ungkapan Cara baca Makna

can kan bisa

could kud bisa bak masa lalu

be able to bi eibel tu mampu

be capable of bi keipabel ov mampu

manage to manij tu behasil meulakèe

succeed in saksid in behasil

Contoh:

She was able to solve the problem.

shi woz eibel tu solv dhe problem.

Jih behasil meuseuleseikan masalah nyan.

13. Expressions of Expectation

Ungkapan Cara baca Makna

should shud diharep akan

ought to ot tu seharus jih

be supposed to bi sepozd tu seharus jih

be expected to bi ikspektid tu diharep akan

be due to bi dyu tu dijadwalkan keu

be scheduled to bi skejuld tu dijadwalkan keu

Contoh:

The train is due to arrive at six.

dhe trein iz dyu tu eraiv at siks.

Karéta nyan dijadwalkan troh bak jam nam.

14. Expressions of Willingness

Ungkapan Cara baca Makna

will wil akan / sedia

would wud sedia bak keadaan tertentu / keu permintaan sopan

be willing to bi wiling tu sedia keu

be happy to bi hepi tu senang keu / sedia keu

be prepared to bi priperd tu sedia keu

be ready to bi redi tu siap keu

15. Expressions of Refusal

Ungkapan Cara baca Makna

will not / won't wil not / wont hana akan / menolak

would not / wouldn't wud not / wudnt hana sedia / menolak

refuse to rifyuz tu menolak keu

decline to diklain tu menolak / hana geumeu

be unwilling to bi anwiling tu hana sedia keu

16. Past Modal Constructions

Konstruksi modal nyoe geupeuguna keu peugah kemungkinan, kewajiban, atawa penyesalan bak masa lalu.

Konstruksi Cara baca Makna

could have + V3 kud hav + vi thri bisa ka / mungkin ka

may have + V3 mei hav + vi thri mungkin ka

might have + V3 mait hav + vi thri mungkin ka

must have + V3 mast hav + vi thri pasti ka

can't have + V3 kan hav + vi thri hana mungkin ka

couldn't have + V3 kudnt hav + vi thri hana mungkin ka

should have + V3 shud hav + vi thri seharus jih ka

ought to have + V3 ot tu hav + vi thri seharus jih ka

would have + V3 wud hav + vi thri akan ka bak keadaan tertentu

needn't have + V3 niidnt hav + vi thri sebenarna hana perlu ka

Contoh:

You should have called me.

yu shud hav kold mi.

Gata seharus jih ka meutelepon lon.

17. Modal + Progressive

Modal jeuet diikuti le be + verb-ing keu peugah bahwa sidroe mungkin atawa pasti teungoh meulakèe sidroe kegiatan.

modal + be + verb-ing

Konstruksi Contoh Cara baca Makna

can be + verb-ing He can be working. hi kan bi werking. Jih mungkin teungoh meukeureuja.

could be + verb-ing He could be working. hi kud bi werking. Jih mungkin teungoh meukeureuja.

may be + verb-ing He may be working. hi mei bi werking. Jih mungkin teungoh meukeureuja.

might be + verb-ing He might be working. hi mait bi werking. Jih mungkin teungoh meukeureuja.

must be + verb-ing He must be working. hi mast bi werking. Pasti jih teungoh meukeureuja.

should be + verb-ing He should be working. hi shud bi werking. Jih seharus jih teungoh meukeureuja.

will be + verb-ing He will be working. hi wil bi werking. Jih akan teungoh meukeureuja.

would be + verb-ing He would be working. hi wud bi werking. Jih akan teungoh meukeureuja bak keadaan tertentu.

18. Modal + Perfect Progressive

modal + have been + verb-ing

Contoh:

She may have been working.

shi mei hav bin werking.

Mungkin jih ka teungoh meukeureuja.

Konstruksi Makna

could have been + verb-ing mungkin ka teungoh meukeureuja

may have been + verb-ing mungkin ka teungoh meukeureuja

might have been + verb-ing mungkin ka teungoh meukeureuja

must have been + verb-ing pasti ka teungoh meukeureuja

should have been + verb-ing seharus jih ka teungoh meukeureuja

would have been + verb-ing akan ka teungoh meukeureuja bak keadaan tertentu

19. Modal + Passive

modal + be + V3

Contoh:

The work must be finished.

dhe werk mast bi finisht.

Keureuja nyan wajib geupeusampoe.

Konstruksi Contoh

can be + V3 It can be done.

could be + V3 It could be done.

may be + V3 It may be done.

might be + V3 It might be done.

must be + V3 It must be done.

should be + V3 It should be done.

will be + V3 It will be done.

would be + V3 It would be done.

20. Modal + Perfect Passive

modal + have been + V3

Contoh:

It should have been done.

it shud hav bin dan.

Seharus jih nyan ka geupeugot.

Konstruksi Makna

could have been + V3 mungkin ka geupeugot

may have been + V3 mungkin ka geupeugot

might have been + V3 mungkin ka geupeugot

must have been + V3 pasti ka geupeugot

should have been + V3 seharus jih ka geupeugot

would have been + V3 akan ka geupeugot bak keadaan tertentu

21- THERE IS / HAVE / BE

Jenis Pola Cara baca pola dalam Bahasa Inggréh Contoh lengkap Cara baca contoh Makna dalam Bahasa Aceh

Tunggal — positif There is + singular noun dher iz + noun There is a book on the table. dher iz e buk on dhe teibel. Na saboh buku di ateuh meja.

Jamak — positif There are + plural noun dher ar + noun There are two books on the table. dher ar tu buks on dhe teibel. Na dua boh buku di ateuh meja.

Kata benda hana teuhitung There is + uncountable noun dher iz + ankauntabel noun There is some water in the bottle. dher iz sam woter in dhe botel. Na ie di dalam botol.

Tunggal — negatif There isn't + singular noun dher iznt + noun There isn't a book here. dher iznt e buk hir. Hana buku di sinoe.

Jamak — negatif There aren't + plural noun dher arnt + noun There aren't any books here. dher arnt eni buks hir. Hana buku-buku di sinoe.

Soalan — tunggal Is there + singular noun...? iz dher + noun? Is there a problem? iz dher e problem? Peue na masalah?

Soalan — jamak Are there + plural noun...? ar dher + noun? Are there any problems? ar dher eni problemz? Peue na masalah-masalah?

Soalan negatif — tunggal Isn't there + singular noun...? iznt dher + noun? Isn't there a problem? iznt dher e problem? Peue hana masalah?

Soalan negatif — jamak Aren't there + plural noun...? arnt dher + noun? Aren't there any problems? arnt dher eni problemz? Peue hana masalah-masalah?

Masa lalu tunggal There was + singular noun dher woz + noun There was a problem. dher woz e problem. Na saboh masalah bak masa lalu.

Masa lalu jamak There were + plural noun dher wer + noun There were many people. dher wer meni piipel. Na le that ureung bak masa lalu.

Masa lalu tunggal negatif There wasn't + singular noun dher woznt + noun There wasn't a problem. dher woznt e problem. Hana masalah bak masa lalu.

Masa lalu jamak negatif There weren't + plural noun dher wernt + noun There weren't many people. dher wernt meni piipel. Hana le that ureung bak masa lalu.

Soalan masa lalu Was there + singular noun...? woz dher + noun? Was there a problem? woz dher e problem? Peue na masalah bak masa lalu?

Soalan masa lalu jamak Were there + plural noun...? wer dher + noun? Were there many people? wer dher meni piipel? Peue na le that ureung bak masa lalu?

Masa ukeu There will be + noun dher wil bi + noun There will be a meeting tomorrow. dher wil bi e miiting tumoro. Akan na saboh rapat beungoh singoh.

Masa ukeu negatif There won't be + noun dher wont bi + noun There won't be a meeting tomorrow. dher wont bi e miiting tumoro. Hana rapat beungoh singoh.

Soalan masa ukeu Will there be + noun...? wil dher bi + noun? Will there be a meeting tomorrow? wil dher bi e miiting tumoro? Peue akan na rapat beungoh singoh?

Present Perfect There has/have been + noun dher haz/hav bin + noun There has been a mistake. dher haz bin e misteik. Ka teujadi saboh keusalahan.

Past Perfect There had been + noun dher had bin + noun There had been a problem. dher had bin e problem. Ka na masalah seugohlom nyan.

Modal There can/may/might/must/should be + noun dher kan/mei/mait/mast/shud bi + noun There may be a problem. dher mei bi e problem. Mungkin na masalah.

1. Have = Na / Meumilik

Jenis Pola Cara baca pola dalam Bahasa Inggréh Contoh lengkap Cara baca contoh Makna dalam Bahasa Aceh

Dengan I / you / we / they Subject + have + noun dhe sabjek + hav + dhe noun I have a car. ai hav e kar. Lon na saboh moto.

Dengan he / she / it Subject + has + noun dhe sabjek + haz + dhe noun She has a car. shi haz e kar. Jih na saboh moto.

Have geupeuguna ngon: I, you, we, they

Has geupeuguna ngon: he, she, it

2. Bentuk Negatif ngon Have

Jenis Pola Cara baca pola dalam Bahasa Inggréh Contoh lengkap Cara baca contoh Makna dalam Bahasa Aceh

Negatif I/you/we/they Subject + do not + have + noun dhe sabjek + du not + hav + dhe noun I do not have a car. ai du not hav e kar. Lon hana moto.

Negatif he/she/it Subject + does not + have + noun dhe sabjek + daz not + hav + dhe noun She does not have a car. shi daz not hav e kar. Jih hana moto.

Ingat bahwa bak bentuk does, kata kerja have tetap have, kon has:

She doesn't have a car. ✅

She doesn't has a car. ❌

3. Soalan ngon Have

Jenis Pola Cara baca pola dalam Bahasa Inggréh Contoh lengkap Cara baca contoh Makna dalam Bahasa Aceh

Soalan I/you/we/they Do + subject + have + noun? du + dhe sabjek + hav + dhe noun? Do you have a car? du yu hav e kar? Peue gata na moto?

Soalan he/she/it Does + subject + have + noun? daz + dhe sabjek + hav + dhe noun? Does she have a car? daz shi hav e kar? Peue jih na moto?

4. Have keu Perfect Tenses

Have hana geupeuguna meunyo makna jih meumilik mantong, teuma geupeuguna cit keu teubentuk Perfect Tenses.

Tense Pola Cara baca pola dalam Bahasa Inggréh Contoh Makna dalam Bahasa Aceh

Present Perfect Subject + have/has + V3 dhe sabjek + hav/haz + vi thri I have finished. Lon ka seulese.

Present Perfect Continuous Subject + have/has + been + verb-ing dhe sabjek + hav/haz + bin + verb-ing I have been working. Lon ka meukeureuja seujak tadi.

Past Perfect Subject + had + V3 dhe sabjek + had + vi thri I had finished. Lon ka seuleuse seugohlom nyan.

Past Perfect Continuous Subject + had + been + verb-ing dhe sabjek + had + bin + verb-ing I had been working. Lon ka teungoh meukeureuja seugohlom nyan.

Beudoh antara makna

I have a car.

→ have = meumilik / na

I have finished.

→ have = kata bantu keu teubentuk Present Perfect.

5. Have to = Harus / Kewajiban

Have to geupeuguna keu peugah keperluan atawa kewajiban.

Jenis Pola Cara baca pola dalam Bahasa Inggréh Contoh lengkap Makna dalam Bahasa Aceh

I/you/we/they Subject + have to + V1 dhe sabjek + hav tu + vi wan I have to work. Lon haroih meukeureuja.

he/she/it Subject + has to + V1 dhe sabjek + haz tu + vi wan She has to work. Jih haroih meukeureuja.

Masa lalu Subject + had to + V1 dhe sabjek + had tu + vi wan I had to work. Lon haroih meukeureuja bak masa lalu.

Masa ukeu Subject + will have to + V1 dhe sabjek + wil hav tu + vi wan I will have to work. Lon akan haroih meukeureuja.

6. Have got = Na / Meumilik

Dalam Bahasa Inggréh, khusus jih Bahasa Inggréh Britania, jeuet geupeuguna:

have got / has got

Pola Contoh Makna

Subject + have got + noun I have got a car. Lon na saboh moto.

Subject + has got + noun She has got a car. Jih na saboh moto.

Bentuk negatif:

I haven't got a car.

= Lon hana moto.

Soalan:

Have you got a car?

= Peue gata na moto?

Imperatives — Kalimat Peurintah

Jenis Pola Cara baca pola dalam Bahasa Inggréh Contoh Cara baca contoh Makna

Peurintah positif Verb vi wan Come here. kam hir. Teuka keunoe.

Peureintah ngon objek Verb + object vi wan + objekt Read the book. riid dhe buk. Baca buku nyan.

Peureintah negatif Don't + verb dount + vi wan Don't run. dount ran. Bek meulumpat.

Peureintah negatif resmi Do not + verb du not + vi wan Do not enter. du not enter. Bek tamong.

Ngon Be Be + adjective bi + adjektif Be careful. bi kerful. Hati-hati.

Be negatif Don't be + adjective dount bi + adjektif Don't be late. dount bi leit. Bek teulambat.

Ngon Let me Let + me + verb let + mi + vi wan Let me help you. let mi help yu. Bri lon tulong gata.

Ngon Let him/her/them Let + object + verb let + objekt + vi wan Let him go. let him gou. Bri jih jak.

Let's Let's + verb lets + vi wan Let's go. lets gou. Meunyo meujak, tajak.

Let's negatif Let's not + verb lets not + vi wan Let's not wait. lets not weit. Bek tapeudong meunanti.

Peureintah sopan Please + verb pliiz + vi wan Please sit down. pliiz sit daun. Tolong duek.

Peureintah keu peugaseh Do + verb du + vi wan Do sit down. du sit daun. Silakan duek.

Peureintah nyang tegas Never + verb never + vi wan Never give up. never giv ap. Bek meungalah sabe.

Kebiasaan / nasihat Always + verb olweiz + vi wan Always be careful. olweiz bi kerful. Sabe hati-hati.

Peureintah pasif Be + past participle bi + vi thri Be prepared. bi priperd. Siap keu nyan.

Peureintah + akibat Verb + and + clause vi wan + and + kloz Study hard, and you will pass. stadi hard, and yu wil pas. Meurunoe ngon sunggoh-sunggoh, mangat gata lulus.

Peureintah + peringatan Verb + or + clause vi wan + or + kloz Hurry up, or you'll be late. hari ap, or yul bi leit. Cepat, atawa gata teulambat.

Peureintah + tag question Verb, will you? vi wan, wil yu? Wait here, will you? weit hir, wil yu? Meunanti di sinoe, jeuet?

Let's + tag question Let's + verb, shall we? lets + vi wan, shal wi? Let's go, shall we? lets gou, shal wi? Tajak, jeuet?

22- Al-lawaahiq (SUFFIXES)

Prefix Pronunciation (Aceh) Makna (Aceh) Contoh Makna

a- a / ii hana / bukon atypical bukon biasa

ab- ab jioh / meucah adduct peusie

ad- ad keu / bak / sampoe adjoin bergabung

ambi- ambi due / dua ambak ambiguous meupakat dua makna

ante- anti seulawet antecedent nyang ka dilee

anti- anti lawan antiwar lawan prang

arch- ark nyang paling rayeuk / pemimpin archbishop pemimpin uskup

auto- auto sendiri automatic otomatis

bi- bai dua bilingual dua bahasa

circum- sirkum keulileng circumference keulileng

co- ko saboh / bersama cooperate keureuja sama-sama

contra- kontra lawan contradict membantah

counter- kawntar lawan / balasan counterattack serangan balasan

de- di peuhilang / lawan deactivate peumate

deca- deka siploh decade siploh thon

deci- desi siploh bagian decimeter satu per sepuloh meter

demi- demi siparo demigod dewa siparo

dis- dis hana / lawan / peucah disagree hana sependapat

dys- dis jelek / susah dysfunction gangguan fungsi

eco- eko alam ecosystem sistem alam

ecto- ekto diluwa luwa ectoderm lapisan kulit luwa

endo- endo dalam endoskeleton rangka dalam

epi- epi di ateuh epidermis kulit bagian luwa

eu- yu get / jroh euphemism ungkapan nyang leubeh sopan

ex- eks keuneulheuh / diluwa ex-president presiden nyang ka lheuh

extra- ekstra diluwah / tambahan extraordinary luar biasa

fore- for seulawet / awai forecast ramalan

geo- geo tanoh geography ilmu geografi

hemi- hemi siparo hemisphere siparo bumoe

hetero- hetero beda heterogeneous beda-beda jenis

homo- homo sama homogeneous jenis nyang saboh

hyper- haiper leubeh that hyperactive terlalu aktif

hypo- haipo di yup / kureueng hypothermia suhu badan nyang that meunan

in- in hana / dalam inactive hana aktif

im- im hana / dalam impossible hana mungken

il- il hana illegal hana sah menurut hukom

ir- ir hana irregular hana teratur

infra- infra di yup infrared inframerah

inter- inter antara international antarbangsa

intra- intra dalam intranet jaringan dalam

intro- intro ke dalam introduce peu-kenal

iso- aiso sama isotope isotop

macro- makro rayeuk macroeconomics ilmu ekonomi makro

mal- mal jelek / salah malfunction gangguan fungsi

mega- mega besar that megastore toko raya that

meta- meta udeh / tentang metadata data tentang data

micro- maikro uet that microscope alat peunglihat nyang uet that

mid- mid tengah midnight tengah malam

mini- mini uet minibus bis uet

mono- mono sa monolingual sa bahasa

multi- multi banyak multilingual banyak bahasa

neo- neo baro neologism kata baro

non- non bukon / hana nonstandard bukon standar

omni- omni mandum mandum omniscient teupeu mandum

out- aut diluwah / leubeh outperform leubeh jroh nibak nyang laen

over- over leubeh that / di ateuh overcook meumasak leubeh that

paleo- paleo kunoe that paleolithic zaman batu kuno

pan- pan mandum pan-European seluruh Eropa

para- para di sampeng / mirip paranormal hal nyang di luwa alam biasa

peri- peri keulileng perimeter garis keulileng

poly- poli banyak polyglot ureung nyang teupue leubeh nibak saboh bahasa

post- post udeh postwar sesudah prang

pre- pre seulawet prehistory zaman sigohlom sejarah

pro- pro dukongan / meuju pro-democracy nyang mendukung demokrasi

proto- proto awal / asli prototype model awal

pseudo- sudo palsu / mirip pseudonym nama samaran

re- ri ulang rewrite tuléh lom

retro- retro keudeh / u keuneulheuh retroactive berlaku keudeh

semi- semi siparo / kureueng semicircle siparo lingkaran

sub- sab di yup / bagian bsubmarine kapal selam

super- super di ateuh / that superhuman leubeh nibak manusia biasa

supra- supra di ateuh supranational di ateuh tingkat bangsa

syn- sin bersama / saboh synchronize peusamaan watee

tele- tele jioh telephone telepon

trans- trans menyeberang / meulintas transport angkot

tri- trai lhee triangle segitiga

ultra- ultra leubeh that / luar biasa ultramodern modern that

un- an hana / lawan unhappy hana seunang

under- andar di yup / kureueng underpaid gaji kureueng

uni- yuni sa unilateral sa pihak

vice- vais wakil vice-president wakil presiden

with- wit jioh / lawan withdraw tarek u likot

Suffixes — Al-lawaahiq

Suffix Pronunciation (Aceh) Fungsi Contoh Makna

-er er ureung nyang meulaku keureuja teacher guru

-or or ureung nyang meulaku keureuja actor pemeran

-ar ar ureung nyang meulaku keureuja beggar peminta-minta

-ist ist ureung nyang ahli artist seniman

-ian ian ureung nyang meulaku bidang tertentu musician musisi

-ant ant ureung / nyang meulaku keureuja assistant asisten

-ent ent ureung nyang meulaku keureuja student murid

-ee i ureung nyang meuteumeung tindakan employee peukeureuja

-ess es bentuk perempuan actress pemeran perempuan

-ness nes keadaan / sifat happiness keuseunangan

-ity iti keadaan / sifat activity aktivitas

-ty ti keadaan / sifat safety keusalama

-ship ship keadaan / hubungan friendship persahabatan

-hood hud keadaan / masa childhood masa kanak-kanak

-dom dom keadaan / wilayah kingdom kerajaan

-th th keadaan / sifat warmth kehangatan

-ment ment hasil / tindakan development peukembangan

-tion shən tindakan / hasil education peundidikan

-sion zhən / shən tindakan / hasil decision keuputusan

-ion iən / shən tindakan / hasil action tindakan

-ation eishən tindakan organization organisasi

-al al tindakan / hasil arrival keutibaan

-ance ans keadaan / tindakan appearance peunampakan

-ence ans keadaan existence keuadaan na

-ancy ansi keadaan expectancy harapan

-ency ensi keadaan efficiency efisiensi

-age ij hasil / tindakan marriage pernikahan

-ure yur hasil / keadaan failure kegagalan

-ing ing peujadi kata benda / tindakan swimming berenang

-ism izm paham / ideologi capitalism kapitalisme

-cracy krasi sistem pemerintahan democracy demokrasi

-crat krat ureung nyang mendukung sistem democrat pendukung demokrasi

-archy arki sistem pemerintahan monarchy monarki

-arch ark penguasa / pemimpin monarch penguasa monarki

-logy logi ilmu / kajian biology ilmu biologi

-graphy grafi tulisan / gambaran geography geografi

-graph graf alat / tanda / nyang meutuléh autograph tanda tangan

-meter meter alat peukure thermometer alat peukure suhu

-metry metri cara peukure geometry geometri

-scope skop alat peunglihat telescope teleskop

-scopy skopi peumeriksaan ngon alat microscopy peumeriksaan ngon mikroskop

-nomy nomi sistem / aturan astronomy ilmu astronomi

-phobia fobia takot arachnophobia takot akan laba-laba

-phile fail nyang sangat suka bibliophile ureung nyang suka buku

-philia filia kesukaan / minat audiophilia minat akan suara

-phone fon suara / alat suara telephone telepon

-phony foni suara / susunan suara symphony simfoni

-path path ureung nyang meuganguan tertentu psychopath ureung nyang meuganguan psikologis

-pathy pati keadaan / penyakit neuropathy kerusakan saraf

-itis aitis radang arthritis radang sendi

-osis osis keadaan / penyakit diagnosis diagnosis

-emia imia keadaan darah anemia kekurangan darah

-oma oma bengkak / tumor carcinoma kanker

-ectomy ektomi operasi peungangkatan appendectomy operasi peungangkatan usus buntu

-otomy otomi operasi peubukaan tracheotomy operasi peubukaan batang tenggorokan

-plasty plasti operasi peubaikan rhinoplasty operasi peubaikan hidung

-let let bentuk uet booklet buku uet

-ling ling bentuk uet / anak duckling anak bebek

-ette et bentuk uet kitchenette dapur uet

-kin kin bentuk uet manikin boneka manusia uet

-oid oid mirip ngon humanoid mirip manusia

-esque esk mirip gaya picturesque indah lagee gambar

-like laik mirip ngon childlike mirip anak-anak

-ish ish mirip / kurang leubeh greenish keuhijauan

-ster ster ureung nyang meulaku sesuatu youngster ureung muda

-eer ir ureung nyang meulaku kegiatan auctioneer pelelang

-ard ard ureung nyang meupunyai sifat coward penakot

-some som peubab / cenderung toublesome nyang meunyusahkan

-worthy werthi patut / layak trustworthy teupeu dipercayai

-proof pruf tahan terhadap waterproof tahan ie

-free fri bebas nibak sugar-free bebas gula

-wide waid meuliputi wilayah luas worldwide seluruh donya

-ward ward meuju arah backward meuju u likot

-wise waiz cara / arah clockwise meuju arah jarum jam

-fold fold dikali lipat tiga kali lipat threefold tiga kali ganda

23- Al-af'al al-murakkabah (PHRASAL VERBS)

Phrasal verb = kata keureuja majemuk, nyang biasajih teurdiri nibak kata keureuja + kata laen lagee up, out, off, on, away, back, in, over.

Contoh:

give + up → give up = menyerah / meuhenti sesuatu

Catatan: hana mandum susunan verb + preposition/adverb nyang sama. Sabagian phrasal verbs, sabagian laen prepositional verbs dan phrasal-prepositional verbs.

1. Phrasal Verbs nyang umum

Phrasal verb Pronunciation (Aceh) Makna (Aceh) Contoh lengkap Cara baca (ejaan Aceh)

add up ad ap menjumlah / masuk akai The numbers add up. dhe nambers ad ap.

ask for ask for meuinta She asked for help. shi askt for help.

back up bak ap peudukung / peusalin cadangan Please back up your files. pliz bak ap yor failz.

break down brek daun rusak / meuhancur My car broke down. mai kar brok daun.

break in brek in masuk ngon paksa Someone broke in last night. samwan brok in last nait.

break out brek aut teujadi tiba-tiba / meulheuh Fires broke out. a fair brok aut.

break up brek ap putoh / meusah They broke up last year. dhei brok ap last yir.

bring back bring bak peubali Please bring back my book. pliz bring bak mai buk.

bring in bring in bawa tamong They brought in a new manager. dhei brot in a nyu manijer.

bring up bring ap peusebut / peubesar She brought up an important issue. shi brot ap an important isyu.

call back kol bak telepon lom I'll call you back later. ail kol yu bak leiter.

call off kol of batal They called off the meeting. dhei kold of dhe miting.

carry on kari on teruskan Please carry on working. pliz kari on werking.

carry out kari aut laksanakan They carried out the plan. dhei karid aut dhe plan.

catch up kach ap menyusul / samakan kemajuan I need to catch up with you. ai nid tu kach ap with yu.

check in chek in mendaftar masuk We checked in at the hotel. wi chekt in at dhe hotel.

check out chek aut keluar / memeriksa We checked out at noon. wi chekt aut at nun.

clean up klin ap beusihkan Clean up your room. klin ap yor rum.

come back kam bak teuka bali He came back yesterday. hi keim bak yesterdei.

come in kam in masuk Come in, please. kam in, pliz.

come out kam aut teubit The new book came out yesterday. dhe nyu buk keim aut yesterdei.

come over kam over meulawat Come over tonight. kam over tunait.

cut down kat daun kurangi I'm trying to cut down on sugar. aim traiing tu kat daun on shugar.

cut off kat of putoh / matikan They cut off the electricity. dhei kat of dhe ilektrisiti.

deal with dil with urus / tangani We need to deal with this problem. wi nid tu dil with dhis problem.

do without du withaut hidop tanpa We can do without a car. wi kan du withaut a kar.

drop off drop of antar / turunkan I'll drop you off at school. ail drop yu of at skul.

end up end ap akhirnya menjadi / akhirnya meulaku We ended up staying home. wi ended ap steiing hom.

fall apart fol apart peucah / meuhancur The old chair fell apart. dhe old cher fel apart.

fall behind fol bihaind tertinggal He fell behind in class. hi fel bihaind in klas.

figure out figyer aut peuham / temukan solusi I can't figure it out. ai kant figyer it aut.

fill in fil in isi / lengkapi Please fill in this form. pliz fil in dhis form.

fill out fil aut isi formulir Fill out the application. fil aut dhe aplikeishen.

find out faind aut temukan / ketahui I found out the truth. ai faund aut dhe truth.

get back get bak teuka bali I'll get back home soon. ail get bak hom sun.

get in get in masuk Get in the car. get in dhe kar.

get off get of turun nibak kendaraan Get off the bus. get of dhe bas.

get on get on naik kendaraan Get on the bus. get on dhe bas.

get out get aut keluar Get out of the room. get aut of dhe rum.

get over get over meulewati / pulih She got over her fear. shi got over her fir.

get up get ap bangun I get up at seven. ai get ap at seven.

give back giv bak peubali Give me back my phone. giv mi bak mai fon.

give in giv in menyerah He finally gave in. hi fainali geiv in.

give up giv ap menyerah / meuhenti Don't give up. dont giv ap.

go ahead go ahed lanjut / mulai Go ahead and start. go ahed and start.

go back go bak teuka bali We went back home. wi went bak hom.

go on go on teruskan Please go on. pliz go on.

go out go aut keuluwa We went out last night. wi went aut last nait.

grow up gro ap besar / dewasa I grew up in Kuwait. ai gru ap in Kuwait.

hand in hand in serahkan Hand in your homework. hand in yor homwerk.

hang on hang on menunggu / pegang kuat Hang on a minute. hang on a minit.

hang out hang aut meuhabiskan watee bersama We hang out together. wi hang aut tugedher.

hold on hold on menunggu / pegang kuat Hold on, please. hold on, pliz.

keep on kip on terus meulaku Keep on trying. kip on traiing.

keep up kip ap teutap pada tingkat nyan Keep up the good work. kip ap dhe gud werk.

kick out kik aut peuwoe / usir They kicked him out. dhei kikt him aut.

look after luk after jaga She looks after her children. shi luks after her children.

look for luk for cari I'm looking for my keys. aim luking for mai kiz.

look into luk intu selidiki We'll look into the problem. wil luk intu dhe problem.

look out luk aut awas Look out! luk aut!

look up luk ap cari maklumat Look up the word. luk ap dhe werd.

make up meik ap berdamai / mengarang They made up after the argument. dhei meid ap after dhe argument.

move on muv on lanjut u keudeh It's time to move on. its taim tu muv on.

pick up pik ap peungut / ambil Pick up the phone. pik ap dhe fon.

point out point aut tunjuk / peujelas She pointed out a mistake. shi pointed aut a misteik.

put away put awei simpan Put your clothes away. put yor klodhz awei.

put down put daun letakkan / rendahkan Put the book down. put dhe buk daun.

put off put of tunda Don't put it off. dont put it of.

put on put on peugunakan / pake Put on your jacket. put on yor jakit.

put out put aut padamkan / keluarkan Put out the fire. put aut dhe fair.

put up put ap gantung / pasang Put up the picture. put ap dhe pikcher.

run into ran intu teumeu secara kebetulan I ran into an old friend. ai ran intu an old frend.

run out ran aut habeuh We ran out of milk. wi ran aut of milk.

set up set ap bangun / dirikan They set up a new company. dhei set ap a nyu kampani.

show up sho ap muncul / hadir He didn't show up. hi didnt sho ap.

shut down shat daun tutup / hentikan operasi The factory shut down. dhe factory shat daun.

sit down sit daun duek Please sit down. pliz sit daun.

stand up stand ap dong Please stand up. pliz stand ap.

take back teik bak tarek bali / tarik ucapan I take back what I said. ai teik bak what ai sed.

take off teik of peuleupah / terbang The plane took off. dhe plein tuk of.

take on teik on teurima / ambil keureuja She took on a new job. shi tuk on a nyu job.

take out teik aut peukeluwa / bawa keuluwa Take out the trash. teik aut dhe trash.

take over teik over ambil alih She took over the company. shi tuk over dhe kampani.

take up teik ap mulai kegiatan He took up swimming. hi tuk ap swimming.

throw away thro awei buang Don't throw it away. dont thro it awei.

try on trai on coba pake Try on this shirt. trai on dhis shert.

turn down tern daun tolak / kurangi She turned down the offer. shi ternd daun dhe offer.

turn off tern of pumate Turn off the light. tern of dhe lait.

turn on tern on peunyala Turn on the TV. tern on dhe ti vi.

turn up tern ap peutinggi suara / muncul Turn up the volume. tern ap dhe volume.

wake up weik ap bangun I woke up early. ai wok ap erli.

work out werk aut berolahraga / temukan solusi I work out every day. ai werk aut evri dei.

write down rait daun catat Write down the answer. rait daun dhe answer.

2. Jenis-jenis nyang laen

Jenis Pola Cara baca (ejaan Aceh) Contoh Makna

Phrasal verb nyang bisa dipisahkan kata keureuja + kata keterangan + objek verb + adverb + object Turn off the light. Matikan lampu nyan.

Ngon kata ganti kata keureuja + kata ganti + kata keterangan verb + pronoun + adverb Turn it off. Matikan nyan.

Nyankeuh hana bisa dipisahkan kata keureuja + kata keterangan/preposisi + objek verb + adverb/preposition + object Look after the child. Jaga aneuk nyan.

Intransitif kata keureuja + kata keterangan verb + adverb The plane took off. Kapal teurbang nyan.

Phrasal-prepositional kata keureuja + kata keterangan + preposisi + objek verb + adverb + preposition + object I look forward to the trip. Lon meunanti-nanti perjalanan nyan.

3. Kaidah penting: Phrasal verb bisa dipisahkan?

Turn off (bisa dipisahkan):

Turn off the light.

Turn the light off.

Turn it off. ✅

Turn off it. ❌

Tapi look after hana bisa dipisahkan:

Look after the child. ✅

Look the child after. ❌

Look after him. ✅

24- Contractions (Bentuk singkat)

Contraction na bentuk singkat nyang menggabungkan dua atawa leubeh kata, nyang sering digunakeun dalam Bahasa Inggréh lisan dan tulisan informal.

Contoh:

I am → I'm → aim → lon

I have → I've → aiv → lon na / ka

I will → I'll → ail → lon keuneuk / keuneuk meulaku

I would → I'd → aid → lon akan / lon akan meulaku (meunurut konteks)

1- Contractions ngon BE

am → 'm

I am → I'm → aim → lon

Example: I'm happy. → aim hepi. → Lon seunang.

are → 're

You are → You're → yor → gata

Example: You're right. → yor rait. → Gata biet.

We are → We're → wir → kamoe

Example: We're ready. → wir redi. → Kamoe ka siap.

They are → They're → dher → awaknyan

Example: They're here. → dher hir. → Awaknyan na di sinoe.

is → 's

He is → He's → hiz → jih (laki-laki)

Example: He's tired. → hiz taiyerd. → Jih capek.

She is → She's → shiz → jih (perempuan)

Example: She's happy. → shiz hepi. → Jih seunang.

It is → It's → its → nyan / nyoe / keadaan nyan (meunurut konteks)

Example: It's cold. → its kold. → Cuaca nyoe seujuk.

2- Contractions ngon HAVE

have → 've

I have → I've → aiv → lon na / ka

Example: I've finished. → aiv finishd. → Lon ka seuleusai.

You have → You've → yuv → gata na / ka

Example: You've changed. → yuv cheinjd. → Gata ka berubah.

We have → We've → wiv → kamoe na / ka

Example: We've arrived. → wiv araivd. → Kamoe ka troh.

They have → They've → dheiv → awaknyan na / ka

Example: They've left. → dheiv left. → Awaknyan ka jak.

He has → He's → hiz → jih ka

Example: He's finished. → hiz finishd. → Jih ka seuleusai.

She has → She's → shiz → jih ka

Example: She's gone. → shiz gon. → Jih ka jak.

3- Contractions ngon WILL

will → 'll

I will → I'll → ail → lon keuneuk

Example: I'll help you. → ail help yu. → Lon keuneuk tulong gata.

You will → You'll → yul → gata keuneuk

Example: You'll understand. → yul anderstand. → Gata akan paham.

He will → He'll → hil → jih keuneuk

Example: He'll come tomorrow. → hil kam tumoro. → Jih keuneuk troh singoh.

She will → She'll → shil → jih keuneuk

Example: She'll call you. → shil kol yu. → Jih keuneuk telepon gata.

We will → We'll → wil → kamoe keuneuk

Example: We'll see. → wil si. → Kamoe kalon.

They will → They'll → dheil → awaknyan keuneuk

Example: They'll arrive soon. → dheil araiv sun. → Awaknyan keuneuk troh sebentar teuk.

4- Contractions ngon WOULD

would → 'd

I would → I'd → aid → lon akan / lon keuneuk (meunurut konteks)

Example: I'd help you. → aid help yu. → Lon akan tulong gata.

You would → You'd → yud → gata akan

Example: You'd like it. → yud laik it. → Gata akan suka nyan.

He would → He'd → hid → jih akan

Example: He'd come. → hid kam. → Jih akan troh.

She would → She'd → shid → jih akan

Example: She'd help us. → shid help as. → Jih akan tulong kamoe.

We would → We'd → wid → kamoe akan

Example: We'd go. → wid go. → Kamoe akan jak.

They would → They'd → dheid → awaknyan akan

Example: They'd agree. → dheid agri. → Awaknyan akan sependapat.

5- Contractions ngon HAD

had → 'd

I had → I'd → aid → lon ka (past perfect)

Example: I'd finished before he arrived. → aid finishd bifor hi araivd. → Lon ka seuleusai sigohlom jih troh.

You had → You'd → yud → gata ka (past perfect)

Example: You'd already left. → yud olredi left. → Gata ka jak leubeh awai.

He had → He'd → hid → jih ka (past perfect)

Example: He'd eaten. → hid iten. → Jih ka pajoh.

She had → She'd → shid → jih ka (past perfect)

Example: She'd finished. → shid finishd. → Jih ka seuleusai.

6- Kesimpulan penting: 'd na dua makna

I'd = I would atawa I had

I'd go. → aid go. → Lon akan jak.

I'd gone. → aid gon. → Lon ka jak.

Biasajih, makna dapat diketahui nibak konteks kalimat.

7- Contractions ngon NOT

not → n't

is not → isn't → izent → hana / bukon

Example: He isn't here. → hi izent hir. → Jih hana di sinoe.

are not → aren't → arnt → hana

Example: They aren't ready. → dhei arnt redi. → Awaknyan goh siap.

was not → wasn't → wozent → hana (masa lalu)

Example: He wasn't there. → hi wozent dher. → Jih hana di sinan.

were not → weren't → wernt → hana (masa lalu, jamak)

Example: We weren't late. → wi wernt leit. → Kamoe hana terlambat.

have not → haven't → havent → goh / hana ka

Example: I haven't finished. → ai havent finishd. → Lon goh seuleusai.

has not → hasn't → hazent → goh / hana ka

Example: She hasn't arrived. → shi hazent araivd. → Jih goh troh.

had not → hadn't → hadent → hana ka (past perfect)

Example: He hadn't eaten. → hi hadent iten. → Jih goh pajoh.

do not → don't → dont → hana

Example: I don't know. → ai dont no. → Lon hana teupeu.

does not → doesn't → dazent → hana

Example: He doesn't know. → hi dazent no. → Jih hana teupeu.

did not → didn't → didnt → hana (masa lalu)

Example: I didn't see him. → ai didnt si him. → Lon hana kalon jih.

8- Contractions laen

cannot → can't → kant → hana mampu / hana jeuet

could not → couldn't → kudent → hana jeuet / hana mampu (masa lalu)

should not → shouldn't → shudent → hana sepatut jih

would not → wouldn't → wudent → hana akan / hana keuneuk

must not → mustn't → masent → hana jeuet / pantang

will not → won't → wont → hana akan

Example: I won't go. → ai wont go. → Lon hana akan jak.

9- Catatan penting

Contractions nyoe hana sama ngon suffixes. Contractions na bentuk singkat nibak kata-kata, nyang ditandai ngon apostrophe ('). Suffixes na bagian kata nyang ditamah bak ujong kata.

Contoh:

I + will → I'll

You + have → You've

He + is → He's

They + are → They're

Do + not → Don't

Can + not → Can't

Jadi, istilah nyang biet na na Contractions = bentuk singkat, sedangkan Suffixes = akhiran kata.